Survivability Of SDH

Network
By:
TX-I Faculty
ALTTC, Ghaziabad
TX- 1 Faculty

Concept of a Speech in Point to

Point link

TX

RX

RX

TX

TX- 1 Faculty

SDH Rings
1

SDH is normally configured in a ring architect.

2 This is done to create loop diversity for uninterrupted

service protection purposes in case of link failures.
3.The SDH rings are commonly called self healing rings,
Because traffic flowing in a certain path can be switched
automatically to an alternate path.
4.Self healing rings works on two different type of chemistry.
A- Unidirectional Self healing rings.
B- Bi-directional Self healing rings .
5. The concept of traffic in both type ring is different.
TX- 1 Faculty

Features of SDH Rings

1. There can be either two or four fibers running between
the nodes on a ring.
2. The operating signals can travel either clockwise or counter
clock only (USHR).
3. The operating signals can travel in both directions around
The ring (BSHR).
4.Protection switching can be performed either via a line switched
Or a path switching scheme.
5.In BSNL only two fiber ring mechanism is being adopted.
TX- 1 Faculty

Concept of Speech in SDH Ring

A in Uni Directional Self Healing Ring

RX TX
TX RX

ADM D

ADM A

TX RX
RX TX

TX RX
RX TX

RX TX
TX RX

ADM C

TX- 1 Faculty

ADM B

Features of USHR

TX- 1 Faculty

Continued Features

of USHR

1. The chemistry of USHR is less informative.

2. But it protect traffic positively.
3. It offers cost effective solution for low level of
capacity network.

TX- 1 Faculty

In USHR , two type of protection

scheme are applicable

1- Path protection

2- line switched protection

TX- 1 Faculty

USHR Path Protection

Node A

Node E

Node B

Node D

TX- 1 Faculty

Node C

Actually in our system path

protection is not there
Q. Why
Ans. In our systems we are keeping on auto
laser set and auto laser restart functions
on always.
So if one fiber is going to be faulty
both ends lasers switched off and it
simulate the condition of complete
section faulty condition.
TX- 1 Faculty

Concept of Line Switched

Protection
In our systems actually line switch
protections is available
It satisfied three condition
Traffic is always in Ring
And traffic always in one direction
Traffic is in ring of one fiber.
TX- 1 Faculty

Concept of Line Switched

Protection
A in Uni Directional Self Healing Ring

RX TX
TX RX

ADM A

ADM B
ADM D

TX RX
RX TX

TX RX
RX TX

RX TX
TX RX

ADM C

TX- 1 Faculty

Feature of BSHR
The chemistry of BSHR is more informative.
The scheme requires a APS protocol to make operative.
The traffic flows from node 1 to node 3 in clockwise
Direction along links 1p and 2 p.
But in return path the traffic flows in counter clockwise
From node 3 to node1 along links 7p and 8p.
Thus the information exchange between nodes 1and3 does
not tie up any of the primary channel bandwidth in the other
Half of the ring.
TX- 1 Faculty

Concept of Speech in SDH Ring

A in Bio Directional Self Healing Ring

RX TX
TX RX

4p

Node 1

8p

5p
Node 4

Node 2

TX RX
RX TX

TX RX
RX TX

7p

6p
3p

1p

2p
RX TX
TX RX

Node 3

TX- 1 Faculty

Concept of BSHR Protection

Mechanism
To understand the concept of BSHR it is very
essential to understand the concept of traffic.
Traffic is Theoretically of two type
Centralized Traffic
Distributed Traffic
But practically traffic is having mixed concept
TX- 1 Faculty

Concept of Centralized Traffic

Pattern ( Without

Master Station

MS-spring)
S1

S6
S1
S6

RX TX
TX RX

RX TX
TX RX

S1 RX TX
TX RX
S6

14

S1

S6

RX TX
TX RX

S6 RX TX
TX RX

RX TX
S6 TX RX
S1

S6

S1

RX TX
TX RX

15

S1

S6

S1

RX TX
TX RX

13

S6
RX TX S1
TX RX
S6
3
RX TX
TX RX

S1

S6

12

RX TX
TX RX S1

11
10
RX TX
S1 TX RX
S6

RX TX
TX RX
S1
S6

RX TX
TX RX
S1

TX- 1 Faculty

TX S6
TX RX

6 RX

RX TX
TX RX S6
S6

S1

S1

Centralized Traffic Pattern

8 AU-4s

Node A

8 AU-4s

6 AU-4s

6 AU-4s

Two fiber STM-16 ring

Two-fibre STM-16 ring

Node D

Node B
16 AU-4s total
Spare between
Nodes A & B and
Nodes A & D are
at capacity

Node C
2 AU-4s

2 AU-4s

TX- 1 Faculty

Since all the traffic is designated

for node A, and the span Between
Node A and node B is full.
Traffic from node C routes
through node D, Leaving the
span between Node B And
node C vacant.

TX- 1 Faculty

Purely Distributed Traffic Pattern

8 AU- 4s

Node A

8 AU-4s

Node B
8 AU-4s

8 AU-4s
8 AU-4s
Two-fibre STM-16 ring

All spare are

at capacity

Node D

Node C
8 AU-4s

8 AU-4s
TX- 1 Faculty

32 AU-4s
total

Mixed Traffic Pattern

3 AU-4s

AU-4s
33 AU_4s

3 AU-4s

2 AU-4s

Node A

2 AU-4s

8 AU-4s

Node B
5 AU-4s

1 AU-4s
Two-fibre STM-16 ring

Node D

22 AU-4s
total
All spare are
at capacity

Node C
4 AU-4s
4 AU-4s
T1516760-94d11

4 AU-4s
4 AU-4s

TX- 1 Faculty

MS shared protection rings

MS shared protection rings scheme is supported by only BSHR
.The ring protocol is essential for both two fiber ring or four
Fiber ring.
In BSNL only two fiber rings are deployed.
MS shared protection rings are characterized by dividing
the total payload per multiplex section equally into working
and protection capacity.
For a two fiber STM_N ring, N/2 administrative unit
Groups (AUGs) available for working and N/2 (AUGs)
for protection.
The protection capacity is shared between multiple
Multiplex sections
TX- 1 Faculty

The sharing of protection capacity may allow a multiplex

section shared protection ring to carry more traffic under
Normal conditions than other ring types.
The sum of the tributaries that transverse a span cannot
exceed the maximum capacity of the particular span.
In MS shared protection the service can be routed in either
one of the two directions,the long way around the ring or the
short way.
For normal working shortest path is preferable.
For failure condition ,the alternate path in used.
TX- 1 Faculty

Node a

Normal Traffic In MS-Spring

Node A
Circuit Q

Node
Node
B

Node
E
Node

Node
C
Node

Node f

Node F
Working
working
Protection
protection

Ckt transporting service

TX- 1 Faculty
Circuit Transporting
Service

Node D

Node d

Normal state

Protected Traffic In MS-Spring

Node A
Node a
Circuit Q

Node B

Node b

Node
C
Node

Node f

Node F

working
Working

Node E

Node e

protection
Protection
Ckt transporting service
TX- 1 Faculty
Circuit Transporting
Service

Node D

Node d

Failed state

Procedure of loading MSspring.

Prepare physical map of ring of different nodes.

assign individual node ID to each node either in
clockwise direction or in counter clockwise direction .

Zero node ID be offered to master node.

Maximum station may not be more than 16 excluding

regenerator.
TX- 1 Faculty

Procedure of loading MS-spring.

Master Station

S6

S1
S1

S1
S6
S1
S6

RX TX
TX RX

RX TX
TX RX

S1 RX TX
TX RX
S6

14

S6

RX TX
TX RX

S6 RX TX
TX RX

RX TX
S6 TX RX

S1

RX TX
TX RX

15

S1

S6

S1

RX TX
TX RX

13

S6
RX TX S1
TX RX
S6
3
RX TX
TX RX

S1

S6

12

RX TX
TX RX S1

11
10
RX TX
S1 TX RX
S6

RX TX
TX RX
S1
S6

RX TX
TX RX
S1

TX- 1 Faculty

TX S6
TX RX

6 RX

RX TX
TX RX S6
S6

S1

S1

 Translate physical map of STM 16 Ring

in to

soft copy
Follow the screen instruction for further loading the rings.

TX- 1 Faculty

Preparation of MS Spring Node

Map Editor
Node ID

Slot No. 1

Slot No. 06

15

10

10

11

11

12

10

12

13

11

13

14

12

14

15

13

15

14

TX- 1 Faculty

TX- 1 Faculty