MGMT 591 FINAL EXAM UPDATED LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL

BEHAVIOUR A+WORK
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MGMT 591 FINAL EXAM UPDATED

LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR - A+WORK
(TCOs A& B) What is organizational learning? Why is it important for firms to
emphasize organizational learning? (Points: 10)
Organizational learning is an organization-wide ongoing process that
improves its collective ability to accept, make sense of, and respond to
external and internal change. It requires the..
(TCOs E & F) Please identify and give examples of four of the five indirect
conflict management strategies. (Points: 10)
Four of the five indirect conflict management strategies include reduced
interdependence, appeals to common goals, hierarchical referral, and
alterations in the use of mythology and scripts. Reduced interdependence
involves making..
(TCO A, B) An organization is a collection of people working together within a
given structure and culture to achieve a common purpose. Identify and
describe the three components that assist the organization in meeting its
goals and list any three of the five components of job satisfaction that
contribute to a company meeting these goals. (Points: 10)

Three components that assist the organization in meeting its goal include an
organizational identity, a long-rage strategic plan, and staff development and
organizational culture. The organizations identity consists of its mission,
vision, and
(TCO G) The Michigan and Ohio State studies represent seminal research on
leadership theory. Both studies identified two basic forms of leader behaviors.
What were the similarities in the findings from these two studies and what
was the significance of the research? (Points : 30)
In the late 1940s, researchers at the University of Michigan sought to identify
the leadership pattern that results in an effective performance. From
interviews of high and low performing groups in different organizations the
researchers derived two basic forms of
(TCO A, B) Define organizational behavior and list the four emotional
intelligence competencies that contribute to understanding ourselves and
others within the organizational behavior environment. (Points : 10)
Organizational behavior is a culture that is a shared set of beliefs and values
within an organization (Schermerhorn et al., 2012, p. 9). It influences the way
people act and feel in organizations. For example, an authoritarian culture
restricts the employees from..
(TCO B) Faxco Incorporated is a business with 500 employees. The CEO of the
company has recently learned based on employee surveys. That the
employees are not very happy with the company in fact the CEO is starting to
believe that this may be the reason why Faxco is experiencing slower sales
and a recent budget crisis which threatens to shut down (Points: 45)
The attitudes of the employees affect their behavior, which in turn affects
their job performance and the companys productivity level. In particular,
their attitudes are influenced by their belief that the company is making poor
quality

(TCO D) Identify the five stages of team development, and explain what
happens at each stage. Give a specific example from your own experience to
highlight one of the stages. (Points : 45)
The five stages of team development are the forming, storming, norming,
performing, and adjourning stages.
The forming stage is when the members first join the team. At this stage, the
members get to know each other in efforts to find a common ground. In
addition, they will
(TCOs A& B) OB defines stress in terms of both work stressors and life
stressors. Please identify four common sources of stress at work. (Points : 10)
Four common sources of stress at work are task demands, ethical dilemmas,
interpersonal problems, and physical setting. Task demands pertain to when
the employee has either too much or too little workload. In particular, too
much workload can lead
(TCO D) Referring to the team decision-making process, define consensus and
unanimity and explain the difference between the two.(Points : 10)
Consensus is a group or teams that consist of people who come from
different backgrounds and who have different values, personalities and skills,
different opinions and approaches may arise with regards to the resolution of
problems, an example
(TCO D) There are six methods that teams use to make decisions. Identify and
define three of the five. (Points : 10)
Three of the methods that teams use in making decisions are through
authority rule; through a consensus; and through unanimity. Decision-making
through authority rule occurs when a leader, manager, or chairperson decides
for the
(TCO E, F) Although conflict is usually considered a negative experience to be
avoided, it actually has the potential to produce positive organizational

outcomes. Please identify three ways in which conflict can be a positive

influence. (Points : 10)
Three ways that conflict can be a positive influence is the information that is
represent by a member can be beneficial to the company. If something isn't
going right and it has been noted by the person causing the conflict, his
solution may benefit..
(TCOs E & F) Please identify and give examples of four of the five direct
conflict management strategies. (Points : 10)
Four of the five direct conflict management strategies are accommodation or
smoothing; collaboration and problem solving; compromise; and avoidance.
Avoidance is when
(TCO G) There are six sources of position power in organizational settings.
Identify and define three of these sources. (Points : 10)
The six sources of position power are legitimate, reward, coercive, process,
information, and representative power. The reward power allows a manager
to use extrinsic and intrinsic rewards to control other people. Some examples
would be promotions, money, or even
(TCO G) Define power from an organizational behavior perspective. What is
the difference between power and influence? (Points : 10)
Power is defined as the ability to get someone to do something you want
done or the ability to make things happen or get things done the way you
want (Schermerhorn et al., 2012, p. 264) while influence
(TCO E, F) Neff Incorporated is a small business with 100 employees and 4
managers.
Susan and Bob work are co-workers at Neff Incorporated. Ever since they were
both assigned to work on Project X, they have been arguing about how to
meet the goals of that project.
On Monday they get into a very loud argument about Project X, in the

cafeteria during lunch break. Manager 1 is told about the argument and he
sends out an email(Points : 45)
Manager 1 used avoidance in that he or she downplayed the disagreement
and failed to participate in the situation, He or she stayed neutral. However,
this was an inappropriate conflict management strategy for this situation as it
doesnt lead to the resolution of..
(TCO F) Eagle Standard AInc. (ESI) a major engineering firm specialized in
designing aircraft parts for government contracts. ESI employees project
managers and 42 engineers who are divided into project group of 6-7
members. The majority of project(Points: 45)
Two conflict management methods that Bruce can use are force and
collaboration. As the team lead, Bruce can create opportunities that will allow
the engineers to work in a more collaborative environment. For example, he
can assign some engineers to pair
(TCO H, I, J) The senior executive team at AllGoodThings.com, after a strategy
review session with the Board of Directors, has decided that it's time to invest
some time and capital in improving the corporate culture. The company has
rebounded from a near calamity two years ago, and while it was a great
scramble, the(Points : 40)
Management feels that constructive styles are important yet the employees
result display a passive defensive style as being prominent. The management
ideal results indicate that perfectionist, competitive, achievement, and selfactualization are preferred. The
(TCO C) As a manager you are in a situation where a key employee seems to
have lost his excitement about the job. The employee's familiar positive tone
and high energy approach to the job and the workplace seem to be on the
wane. You really don't know what is going on with this person. But, you can
try to start to understand this employee by examining various motivation
theories. Use elements from each of(Points : 40)
Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory offers appear amid the psychological,
safety, social, esteem, and self-accusation needs. The higher needs are

identified as self-accusation, and a steam. Self-actualization is regarded as

the highest need level; need to fulfill oneself; to grow in use abilities to fullest
and most creative
(TCO A, B) In order to meet organizational goals and objectives management
must comprehend organizational behavior in relationship to the functions of
management. List and describe the management process functions and
describe how the five personality traits contribute to the management
process. (Points : 30)
The management process includes planning, organizing, leading, and
controlling. The functions describe what managers are supposed to do in
respect to: Planning-defining goals, setting specific performance objectives,
and identifying the actions needed to
Answers Based on Study Guide
(TCO A & B) Define organizational culture and list the key areas of diversity
we learned about in this course.
It influences the way people act and feel in organizations. For example, an
authoritarian culture restricts the employees
(TCO D) Please define self-managing teams and identify four of the five tasks
for which a true self-managing team is responsible.
A self-managing team, also known as the self-directed work team, is a highinvolvement workgroup design (Schermerhorn et al., 2012, p. 150) where the
team members are
(TCO E & F)Explain how interpersonal conflict occurs and give two example of
substantive conflict, and two examples of emotional interpersonal conflict.
An interpersonal conflict occurs when two persons are in disagreement about
something. This type of conflict can either be a substantive or an emotional
conflict, although its also possible for both to occur

(TCO G)List at least 3 ethical questions leaders or followers may face as

discussed in our text and class. Provide a possible scenario wherein each
question you provide would be at issue.
One question is if employees should be penalized for what they post on social
media
Websites and if they shouldnt be allowed to practice their freedom of speech.
This can become an issue if an employee, for example, rants about their
superior or their colleagues on social media websites. In this case, the
(TCO E & F)Identify and discuss the stages of conflict development. Based on
news and events from around the world, please give an example of a recent
conflict you have read or heard about and show how the conflict moved
through the developmental stages we learned about in this course.
The stages of conflict are: 1.) Antecedent conditions; 2.) Perceived conflict;
3.) Felt conflict; and 4.) Manifest conflict. Antecedent conditions or conflict
antecedents are
(TCO A & B)OB defines stress in terms of both work stressors and life
stressors. Please identify four common sources of stress at work.
Four common sources of stress at work are the workload and deadlines when
theres too much work that needs to be completed at the same time. Another
is ones relationships
Our Leaders on Leadership highlight on page 279 introduces us to Edward J.
Zore. Mr. Zore is the 16th president of Northwestern Mutual, the largest
direct provider of individual life insurance. Under Mr. Zores leadership
By allowing the customers to gain from the companys shares of stock rather
than letting the executives benefit from these, Mr. Zore gains power in that
the foundation of
(TCO D)Identify the five stages of team development, and explain what
happens at each stage. Give a specific example from your own experience to

highlight one of the stages. If you have no team experience, utilize the case
study you completed in connection with same.
The five stages of team development are the forming, storming, norming,
performing, and adjourning stages. The forming stage is when the
What is communication? What are the issues in interpersonal communication?
What is the nature of communication in organizations?
Communication is the tool that enables collaboration and that holds an
organization together. It is the means by which emotions, feelings,
expectations, directions, goals, ideas, and information are shared, in turn
enabling peoples actions to be
(TCO A & B) You have recently been hired by a consulting firm with a national
practice. Your first assignment is to put together a briefing explaining
workplace diversity to a regional manufacturing firm in the Southwestern U.S.
and present them with a plan for fostering improved diversity in their
organization.
Workplace diversity means that the members of an organization come from
various backgrounds and would thus have different attributes in things such
as sexual attribution, physical
Your boss has reminded you to cover the basics..
The five types of diversity are sexual orientation, disability, age, gender, and
racial/ethnic. To implement workplace diversity, it would first be important to
get senior managements buy-in for the cultural
(TCO C) Define and give examples of intrinsic rewards and extrinsic rewards.
Examining further the value of rewards, respond to the statement Money is
not a motivator. Explain your response and
Extrinsic rewards are tangible rewards that are physically received as a form
of recognition for the accomplishment of something (What is intrinsic and
extrinsic rewards?, 2012). Examples are praise, awards, money, or

(TCO C) Contrast in detail Alderfer's ERG Theory and Maslow Hierarchy of

Needs theory.
One difference between Alderfers ERG Theory and Maslows Hierarchy of
Needs theory is that Maslows theory has five categories of needs whereas
the ERG theory has only 3 categories of needs. In particular, the needs in
Maslows theory are
(TCO B) Define perception. Select three perceptual distortions, explain the
importance of each, and advise managers how to overcome them.
Perception is the process by which people select, organize, interpret,
retrieve, and respond to information from the world around them
(Schermerhorn et al., 2012, p. 76). It is the way by which people form
impressions about themselves, other people, and
(TCO C) An October 15, 2004 article by Scott Wyman in the South Florida SunSentinel included the following information on salaries awarded in the county:
The Equity theory of motivation states that people behave in ways that
maintain or restore equity in situations. This theory proposes that people will
try to eliminate
How can county management reduce the perception of inequity?
To reduce the perception of inequity, county management should be more
transparent when it comes to the work being done by the top executives.
These should be
(TCO E) In the May 18, 1998 issue of BusinessWeek, the story line read Nice
Guys Finish with MBAs. The following is an excerpt from that piece:
In your response define organizational culture and discuss which OCI styles
most likely appeal to these graduates. Organizational culture is the shared
set of values and beliefs within an organization. It influences the way
employees feel and act in organizations. I think that these men are How can
a culture be a liability to an organization?

Culture can be a liability to an organization if the organizations culture is not

aligned with the companys objectives. For example, an organization that
competes in a fast-paced market such as the IT industry will benefit more
from a culture that encourages competitiveness
What are the various types of organizational change?
The various types of organizational change are transformational, incremental,
unplanned, and planned. A transformational change consistsWhat is the
difference between exploration and exploitation?
Exploration occurs at the initial stages of the innovation process whereas
exploitation occurs at the latter stages of the innovation process, or at least
after the exploration stage
(TCO A). Given that people make the difference in how well organizations
perform, assess how an understanding of organizational behavior concepts
and theories is a useful knowledge base for career success and for improving
an organization's effectiveness.
Organizational behavior concepts and theories can be used to ensure success
and improve an organizations effectiveness in that organizational behavior
affects the organizational culture and both of these influence the success and
effectiveness of the
(TCO B). Given the influence of factors such as values, attitudes, beliefs,
feelings, and personality on individual behavior, demonstrate how knowledge
of individual difference factors help in understanding, predicting, and
influencing individual behavior. Use a diagnostic instrument such as the Life
Styles Inventory (LSI) to assess your personal thinking and behavior styles
and their role in accomplishing self-improvement goals.
Knowledge about individual difference can help in predicting an employees
behavior in that an employees attitudes, beliefs, feelings, and personality
influence how they relate to others

(TCO C). Given the array of theories of motivation, demonstrate their

application to successfully guide employees toward accomplishing
organizational objectives.
The theories of motivation can be used to determine the factors that motivate
employees to perform well at their jobs; and therefore, contribute to the
achievement of the organizations objectives. Since people are
(TCO D). Given knowledge of group dynamics and decision-making, apply this
knowledge to a case analysis to diagnosis an organizational problem and
recommend solutions.
Given that groups or teams consist of people who come from different
backgrounds and who have different values, personalities and skills, different
opinions and approaches may arise with regards to the resolution of
TCO E. Given an understanding of the communication process and given
specific incidents of communication problems at the dyad, group, or
organization level, diagnose the problem and develop a strategy for
improving organizational performance through improvement of
communication processes.
Communication processes that involve large teams can be difficult to
manage. For example, in IT companies, large teams work on various software
applications where each team consists of smaller teams, such as the teams of
the developers, the quality control
(TCO F). Given a specific challenge of intra- and inter-group conflict,
demonstrate specific conflict resolution behaviors a leader can use to
effectively resolve the conflict.
Leaders should serve as role models. They should portray the right behavior
and conduct when resolving conflicts. In other words, the leader should
always behave in an ethical manner. They should also promote
TCO G. Given an understanding of the trait, behavioral, and situational
theories of leadership, apply this knowledge to analyze a leadership situation,

assess a leaders leadership style, and determine the most appropriate

leadership style for the situation.
Positive Traits of a Successful Leader
Successful leaders are physically vital and emotionally resilient. They are
also concerned for task objectives, are willing to assume responsibility, and
are driven to excel and succeed