AMPLITUDE MODULATION

Objectives:
The objectives of this laboratory are:
1. To introduce the AMPLITUDE MODULATION.
2. To implement theoretically functional circuits using the MATLAB Simulink.
3. To introduce two types of AM analysis:
i)
Time domain analysis
ii) Frequency domain representations/ Spectral analysis
4. To introduce the spectrum analyzer as used in frequency domain analysis.
Equipment List:
1. PC with Matlab and Simulink
AMPLITUDE MODULATION (AM):

Background:
Audio signals at most occupy the frequency range 0-20 KHz (minimum 15 Km wavelength).
This range of frequencies is too low to transmit directly as electromagnetic radiation, particularly
due to the prohibitive sizes of the transmitter and receiver antennas which would be required.
Antennas must have lengths of the order of the wavelength of the EM radiation of interest.
Higher frequencies permit much more effective and practical transmission; however, these lie
outside the audio range. Therefore, we use some type of modulation i.e. Amplitude Modulation.
Definition:In standard AM, the audio signal is shifted in amplitude
by adding a DC component and then multiplied by a sinusoid
at the carrier frequency, fc. The carrier frequency is much
higher than the audio frequency band.
We consider a mathematical description of amplitude modulation. Let the audio message signal
be m(t), where m(t) is band limited to W Hz, and let A be the message amplitude.
Let c = 2fc be the carrier frequency in radians per second where fc >> W. Then signal S(t) can
be expressed as
S(t)=A m(t)cos ct
This type of modulation shifts the spectrum of m(t) to the carrier frequency. Thus:
m(t) M(f)
A m(t) cos ct 1/2 [ M(f+fc) + M(f-fc) ]

Simulink Practical For the AM(dsb) in Time Domain Analysis:

Procedure:
1. Switch on the PC and open Matlab by searching in the start menu.
2. Write Simulink in the command window.
3. After opening of Simulink library browser, select Simulink ,then select math operation
and after this, select sine wave function.
4. Drag your mouse on sine wave function and right click on it.
5. Select add to untitled.
6. Do this for two times to have 2 sine waves as input.
7. Again move to Simulink library browser and select Simulink then math operations and
from math operations select product and add this to untitled by right clicking on it.
8. Now again open Simulink and in Simulink, select sinks ,then scope.
9. Do this thrice, to obtain 3 scope for 2 inputs and 1 output.
10. Add scope to untitled by right clicking on it.
11. Connect all these elements in the configuration shown below:
12. On the left side of screen, select file and then select save as and save it as am.

Parameters :
Click on sine wave function and adjust parameters of sine wave as shown below.

Now, Click on sine wave function 1 and adjust parameters of sine wave 1 as shown below.

Output:
The time domain analysis of two inputs of sine wave are:

The time domain analysis of output is: