2004 Second Preliminary Report (Bur.)

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mt & bn
'DyJ,if;vkyf}uHr+ ta&;,laqmif±Gufa&;aumfr&Sif
The Ad hoc Commission On

Depayin Massacre (Burma)
Let's join hands together in promoting global justice by facilitating the efforts of people in Burma
to seek justice for Depayin Massacre.
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onf? okdŒ&mwGif trSefw&m; azmfxkwfa&;twGuf TtpD&ifcHpmukd vkdtyfovkd ukd;um;tokH;
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email address: ahcdm@cscoms.com

P.O Box ( 29 ) Hua Mark Post Office 71240, Bangkok, Thailand
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(3) jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if t H rsK;d om;aumifp. D Ekid if aH &;tHwrk a_ umfrwD
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e,fpyfa'orsm;rS wkid ;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;/ tjcm; Ekid if aH &;tiftm;pkrsm;/ trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyfrS
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ua&pDtzJ@G csKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)ESihf 'Dy, J if;vky}f urH u
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6
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'Drudk a&pDtiftm;pkjzpfonfh jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if t H rsKd ;om;aumifpD onf vGwv f yfonhf a&S@aetzJ@G tpnf;
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“'D'DyJ,if;vkyf=uHr_ ta&;,laqmif&Gufa&;aumfr&Sif”ukd atmufyg uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifh 2003 ckEpS /f ZGev f
(25)&ufae@wiG f zJ@G pnf;chyJ gonf?
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmedkifiH trsKd;om;aumifpD jrefrmedkifiHa&S haersm;aumifpD

(1) OD;cifausm[ f ef/ (1) OD;atmifx;l
obmywdtzGJ@0if/ M.A. (Human Rights) R. L.
a&eHacsmif;jrdK eh ,f taxGaxG twGi;f a&;rSL;
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(2) OD;ausmaf usm/f (2) OD;rif;vGiOf ;D (LL.B)

tzG@J acgi;f aqmif/ Edik if aH &;tHwrk a_ umfrwD/ tzGJ@acgif;aqmif
OuUX/ Oya' taxmuftuljyKÏme/
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kd ajccHI vufawG@vyk if ef;pOfrsm;udk vGwv f yfpmG
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aumfr&Sif. tcef;u¾
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um wm0ef&adS om tm%mydik rf sm;tygt0if r_cif;eSio hf ufqikd af om oufaorsm;tm;vH;k udk awG@qakH r;jref;+yD;
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8
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f akH om oufaoxGuq f ckd surf sm;
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rsm;udk qufvufx f w k jf yefomG ;edik &f ef &nf&, G yf gonf?
ppftkyfpkrS usL;vGefcJhaom &mZ0wfr+rsm;eSifh vGwfjidrf;cGifh ( Impunity )

ppftyk pf vk ufatmuf jrefrmEdik if w H iG f w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k r_ r&Sb
d J ppftyk pf k Oya'rJjh yKor# jynforl sm;cg;pnf;cH
cJ&h onfrmS ESpaf ygi;f (40)ausmv f mcJ+h yD jzpfygonf? ppftyk pf k pwi t f m%modr;f cJo h nfh 1962 ckEpS /f Zlvikd (f 7)&uf
ae@ ta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif/ &efukefwuUodkvfausmif;om; tajrmuftrsm; aoG;ajruscJh&ygonf? ppftkyfpkrS
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omaoqH;k +yD;/ (27)OD;'%f&m&&Scd o hJ nf[o k m xkwjf yefa=unmcJyh gonf? tvm;wlyif 1988 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f
(9) &ufae@/ ppfuikd ;f &Jpcef;a&S@ ypfcwfrw _ iG /f tjypfrjhJ ynfol &m*%ef;tcsLd @ aoqH;k cJ&h onfu/kd (31)OD;aoqH;k +yD;/
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rsm;udk rnfokd rh sS ta&;,ljcif;rsKd ;vnf; r&Scd yhJ g?
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wm0ef&o dS rl sm;tm; xda&mufpmG ta&;,lcjhJ cif; r&Scd yhJ g? 1988 ckEpS /f rwfv (18)&ufae@wiG f tcsKyfum;twGi;f rS
vl(41)OD; toufr&_Eikd b f J rGe;f =uyfaoqH;k cJ&h onfh tr_wiG v f nf; tvm;wlyifjzpfygonf? TaoqH;k ol '%f&m&
olrsm;rSm Oya't&ukpm;r_ wpHw k &mcHpm;cJ&h jcif; r&Scd yhJ g? wm0ef&o dS nfh jynfo@l &wJ yfz@JG t=uD;tuJ. jynforl sm;
9
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'DyJ,if; vkyf}uHr+}uD;. xl;jcm;r+

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qdak omf &Spaf v;vH;k umvtwGi;f uuJo h @kd qlyrl j_ zpfatmif v_@H aqmfzefwnf;+y;D rS ,if;udt k a=umif;jyum ypfcwf
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ta&muftayguef nf;aom awmawmifa'orsm;wGif vltcGit hf a&; csLd ;azgurf r_ sm; usL;vGecf jhJ cif;rsLd ; r[kwb f J
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omref jynforl sm;udk usL;vGejf cif;rsLd ;yif r[kwb f J urBmod +ird ;f csr;f a&; EdAk ,fq&k iS t f ygt0if a&G;aumufyt JG Ekid &f
Ekid if aH &;ygwaD cgi;f aqmifrsm;udk qef@usiu f sL;vGejf cif;jzpfonf? Tjypfr}_ uD;wGiv f nf; txufazmfjyyg &mZ0wfr_
}u;D rsm;rSmuJo h @kd vGw+f ird ;f cGi&hf aeOD;rnfqykd gu usL;vGecf &H olrsm;twGuo f mru vl@tzG@J tpnf;w&yfv;kH twGuf
yg w&m;r#wr_ qH;k &SLH ;jcif;ru qH;k ±_;H aeOD;rnfjzpfonf? t"duwm0ef&adS om ppftyk pf . k vuf0,fo@kd w&m;0if
vlowfvikd pf if xyfrcH s;D jr‡iahf y;tyfvu kd of uJo h @kd jzpfaeygrnf? vl@tzGJ t h pnf;wckv;kH rSm tkypf ;kd olppftyk pf u k kd
jym;jym;0yfa=umuf&onfh tajctaeok@d rkcsa&muf&adS wmhrnfjzpfonf? ppfreS af omtrsK;d om; jyefvnfoifjh rwf
a&;udk rnfo@dkr# ajrmfreS ;f Ekid af wmhrnf r[kw?f tESppf o f m&ESihf jynfph akH om +ird ;f csr;f r_uvkd nf; wnfaqmuf&ef jzpfEidk f
rnf r[kwaf wmhyg?
od@k jzpfygI rdrw d @kd aumfr&Sit f aejzifh tjzpftysut f rSerf sm;udk tcdik t
f rmavhvmpHpk rf;um edik if o H m;wOD;jcif;
pDb0 vH+k cHKr_&adS pa&;/ vufeuftm;ud;k Oya'rJt h =urf;zufrr_ sm; yaysmufa&;ESihf w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;wd@k twGu/f
pGr;f pGr;f wrHaqmif&u G v f #u&f adS om tzG@J tpnf;rsm;/ yk*Kd~ vfrsm;ESiv hf ufwu JG m tedrq hf ;kH tm;jzifh Tjypfr}_ uD;eSihf
pyfvsO;f I trSew f &m;ay:ayguv f map&ef ud, k pf rG ;f / ^m%fprG ;f &So
d r# }udK;yrf;oGm;rnf jzpfygonf?
aumfr&Sif. tm;enf;csufESifh tm;omcsufrsm;

xdo
k @kd aqmif&uG &f mwGif rdrw d @kd aumfr&Sit f aejzifh tcuftcJEiS u hf ef@owfrt
_ csKd @&adS =umif; 0efcv H ykd gonf?
tcif;jzpfymG ;&mae&mod@k ud, k wf ikd o
f mG ;a&muf avhvmpHpk rf;ppfaq;r_ rjyKEdik jf cif; rsujf rifoufaorsm;tm;vH;k
ESihf rawG@qkH rppfar;Edik jf cif;/ oufaocHypPn;f rsm;tm; oGm;a&mufI &SmazGpak qmif;r_ rjyKedik jf cif; ponfw@kd
jzpfygonf? od@k &mwGif wcsed w f nf;Y rdrw d @kd rmS jrefrmedik if . H e,fpyfa'owae&mwGif tajcpdu k af qmif&u G Ef idk f
ojzifh jynfwiG ;f rSjynforl sm;. yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G rf r_ sm;udk txdu
k t f av#muf&&Sjd cif;/ jynfwiG ;f jynfy&Sd Edik if aH &;
ygwrD sm;/ tzG@J tpnf;rsm;rS acgi;f aqmifrsm;ESit hf zG@J 0ifrsm;/ a'ocHjynforl sm;. yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G rf &_ &Sjd cif;/ Edik if H
wumESix hf ad wG@qufpyfEikd jf cif; ponfh tm;omcsurf sm;vnf; &Syd gonf?
oufaocHcsufrsm;
aumfr&Sit f aejzihf vky=f uHrj_ zpfymG ;&mwGi&f adS ecJo
h nf/h rsujf rifoufaorsm;teuf (6)OD;. xGucf surf sm;ukd
vufc+H yD; ,ck y%mrtpD&ifcpH mwGif azmfjyxm;ygonf? usef xGuq f ckd surf sm;udk qufvufppd pfqjJ zpfonf?
xk@d tjyif vky}f uHrj_ zpfymG ;onhaf e&mwGif &daS echo J nhf tjcm;rsujf rifoufao(2)OD;. xGuq f cdk surf sm;ukv
d nf;/
,k=H unfpw d cf s&aom owif;&if;jrpfrsm;rSwqihf aumfr&Siu f vufc&H &dcS yJh gonf? aumfr&Siu
f tqkyd g rsujf rif
10
oufao pkpak ygi;f (8)OD;.xGuq f cdk surf sm;uk/d TtpD&ifcpH mwGif t"du ud;k um;wifjyxm;onf? rsujf rifouf
aorsm;ukd awG@qcHk o Jh nhf tzJ@G csKyfacgi;f aqmifrsm;/ xdcu
kd 'f %f &m&olrsm;/ zrf;qD;xdr;f odr;f cHxm;&olrsm;tm;
oGm;a&mufawG@qcHk oJh nhaf qGrsK;d rsm;/ rdwaf qGrsm; ponfh yk*Kd~ vfrsm;u/ a&'D,o
dk wif;Xmersm;ok@d qufo, G af jymjy
1
csurf sm;ukv
d nf; axmufco H ufaocHcsuf rsm;tjzpf aumfr&Siu f rSwwf rf;wifxm;onf? tqdyk g oufaocH
csuf tm;vH;k tay:wGif tajccHppk nf;I T tpD&ifcpH mudk jyKpkygonf?
'DyJ,if;vkyf}uHr+}uD;eSifh pyfvsOf;I xm;&So

d ifhaom oabmxm;
'Dy, J if;vky}f uHr}_ uD;onf wzGJ /h wygw/D yk*Kd~ vfwOD;wa,mufEiS o hf m oufqikd af omudpP r[kwyf g? wwdik ;f
wjynfv;kH wdik ;f &if;om;jynfow l &yfv;kH eSihf oufqikd af om udpjP zpfygonf? ppftyk pf t k aejzifh ‚if;wd@k . Ekid if aH &;
2
tm%mudk xdyg;Ekid rf nf[k oHo,&So d l rnfou l rkd qdk Ekid if aH wmft=urf;zuf0g' udk toH;k csum &uf&ufpufpuf
ajcr_e;f oGm;rnf[k wEkid if v H ;kH wurBmvH;k udk twdtvif; +cdr;f ajcmufvu kd jf cif;yif jzpfonf? 'Dy, J if;vky}f uHr_
}uD;eSiphf yfvsO;f I ppftyk pf t k wGi;f rS pDpOfne$ =f um;aom yk*Kd~ vfrsm;/ wm0ef&adS om tm%mydik rf sm;/ 'Dy, J if;vlowf
uGi;f twGi;f Y ud, k xf v d ufa&muf owfjzwf&ufpufr_ usL;vGeo f rl sm;udk wpHw
k &mta&;,ljcif; rjyKEidk v f #if aoqH;k /
aysmufq;kH / '%f&m&/ b0ysupf ;D xdcu kd ef pfemqH;k ±_;H =u&oltm;vH;k twGuf w&m;r#wr_ vH;k 0 qH;k ±_;H ygrnf? xk@d tjyif
'Dru
kd a& pDta&;eSihf wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;. ud, k yf ikd jf yXmef;cGihf tcGit hf a&;twGuf v_y&f mS ;óud;yrf;aer_rsm;rSmvnf;
wEkid if v H ;kH wGif csnehf @J omG ;rnf rkcsjzpfonf? vlxt k rsm;pk}uD;taejzifh ppftyk pf . k rw&m;zdEydS tf yk cf sKyfru_ kd qef@
usiw f eG ;f vSe&f ef aeSmifah ES;oGm;rnf jzpfonf? Oya'pd;k rd;k a&; vH;k 0csLyf+idr;f oGm;+yD; Ekid if aH wmft=urf;zuf0g'uom
v$r;f rd;k }uD;pd;k oGm;rnfjzpfonf? ppftyk pf ek iS hf Ekid if aH &;t&awG@qakH qG;aEG;um trsLd ;om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&; wnf
aqmufEikd rf nf[al om ar#mrf eS ;f csurf mS vnf; oJxaJ &oGeo f mjzpfaeygrnf? tusK;d quftjzpf rsuaf rSmuf wGif
vnf;aumif;/ tem*wfwiG v f nf;aumif; Ekid if o H m;wOD;csi;f pDwikd ;f twGuf b0vH+k cHKr_/ vGwv f yfrE_ iS hf +idr;f csr;f r_
rsm; uif;rJo h mG ;rnfjzpfonf? od@k jzpfI 'Dy, J if;vky}f uHr}_ uD;ESihf pyfvsO;f I trSew f &m;udak zmfxw k uf m wm0ef&o dS l
rsm;udk xdu k of nht f m;avsmpf mG ta&;,laqmif&u G Ef idk af &;rSm vl@tzG@J tpnf;w&yfv;kH . wm0efjzpfvmygawmh
onf?
ta&;,laqmif&Gufr+ tm;enf;jcif;ESifh t-urf;zufr+oo

H &m
Tr#}uD;rm;aom vkyif ef;}uD;udk jynfov l x l tk rsm;pk}uD;eSihf Ekid if aH &;ygwD tzG@J tpnf;rsm;/ 'Dru kd a&pDta&;
wufºuGvKS yf&mS ;olrsm;/ Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;udak zmfaqmifvakd om jynfwiG ;f jynfyrS Oya'qdik &f mynm&Sirf sm;ESihf trSef
w&m;udk jrwfe;kd aomtiftm;pkrsm;/ vl@tcGit hf a&;udk vdv k m;awmif;qdw k ukd yf 0JG ifv#u&f =dS uaom wOD;csi;f jynf
olrsm; tzG@J tpnf;rsm; ponfw@kd u xda&mufxufjruf pGmyl;aygi;f qmif&u G jf cif; rjyKv#if tqdyk g&nfreS ;f csuf
atmifjrif&ef rvG,yf g? 'Dy, J if;vky=f uH r_}uD;udk zH;k uG,Ef iS &hf ef etz rS zefw;D ay;aom Edik if aH &;vrf;a=umif;rsm;
tay: wke@f jyefjcif; ( Reaction ) vkyif ef;rsm;udo k m vdt k yfonfxuf ydI k vkyaf qmifae=urnfqv kd #if 'Dy,J if;
vky=f uHr}_ uD;rSm 1962 ckepS f aemufyikd ;f rS pI usL;vGecf o hJ nfh jypfr}_ uD;rsm;uJo h @kd wajz;ajz;arS;rSed f aysmufu, G f
oGm;Ekid rf nfh tajctae&Syd gonf? ,if;od@k jzpfv#if rnfo@dk aom awG@qakH qG;aEG;r_rsm;jyKonfjzpfap/ ppftyk pf o k nf
‚if;wd@k ukd twdu k tf cHjyKvm+yD[k oHo,&Sad om rnfonhEf idk if aH &;tiftm;pkrsm;/ vl t h cGit hf a&; v_y&f mS ;wufºuG
olrsm;udk rqdk 'Dy, J if; vky=f uHrx
_ ufyrkd Ikd qd;k 0g;aom t=urf;zufr}_ uD;rsK;d udk xyfru H sL; vGeOf ;D rnf rkcsjzpfonf?
,if;ok@d jzifh jrefrmEkid if o
H nf t=urf;zufro _ o H &mxJYom xyfumxyfum vnfywfaeOD;rnf jzpfonf?
11
aumfr&Sif. óud;yrf;r+rsm;
aumfr&Sit f aejzifh vkyyf ikd cf iG /hf vltiftm;/ twwfynm/ ±ky0f wˆKyx0D taetxm; tuef@towfrsm;
tygt0if tcuftcJaygi;f pHt k =um;rSyif pwifz@JG pnf;cJo h nfh ZGev f (25)&ufae@rpS I (6)wm umvtwGi;f
atmufygw@kd ukd aqmif&u G ef ikd cf yhJ gonf?
(1) jynfwiG ;f rS Ekid if aH &; tiftm;pkrsm; vl@tcGit hf a&;v_y&f mS ;wufºuo G rl sm;. tultnDjzif&h edik o f rSsaom
rsufjrifoufaorsm;udk pkaqmif;cJh/ pkaqmif;qJjzpfonf? ‚if; oufaorsm;tm;xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufum
wwfprG ;f or#tultnDrsm; ay;tyfxm;qJjzpfonf?
(2) edik if w
H um vl@tcGit hf a&; tzG@J tpnf;}uD;rsm;/ Oya'ynm&Sirf sm;od@k csO;f uyfum tultnD t=uH
^m%feiS hf yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G rf u _ kd awmif;cHc/hJ awmif;cHqJ jzpfonf? 'Dru kd a&pDeiS hf vl@tcGit hf a&;udk vdv k m;jrwf
Ek;d aom jynfya&muf edik if aH &;tiftm;pkrsm;/ acgi;f aqmifrsm;/ jrefrmedik if o H m;rsm;udq k ufo, G af rwWm&yfcu H m
'Dy, J if;udpu P kd txl;jyKaqmif&u G rf nfh vSKyf&mS ;r_tzGJ rh sm; ( Depayin Campaign Committee) zG@J pnf;aqmif
&Gu=f uyg&ef arwWm&yfcH cJo h nf? odk &h mwGif ta=umif;a=umif;a=umifh ,cktcsed t f xd *syefEidk if H wEkid if w
H iG o f m
zGJ ph nf;aqmif&u G v
f medik af =umif; awG@&&dS onf?
(3) jynfaxmifpjk refrmedik if H trsK;d om;aumifpeD iS hf trsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k &wd@k . tultnDjzifh rsujf rif
oufaorsm;tm; xdik ;f Ekid if H txufvw $ af wmfEiS hf tar&duefjynfaxmifpu k eG *f &ufo@dk apv$wu f m 'Dy, J if;
jzpf&yf}uD;eSihf pyfvsO;f I Ekid if w H umrS ydrk o kd &d v
dS matmif oufaoxGuq f dk xkwaf zmfeikd cf o hJ nf?
(4) 2003 ckepS f Zlvikd f v (4)&ufae@wiG f t*Fvyd b f momjzifh yxrt}udrf y%mrtpD&ifcpH mudv k nf;
aumif;/ 'Dy, J if;vky=f uHr_ (6)vjynfah jrmufonfh ed0k ifbmv (30) &ufae@wiG f jrefrmbmomjzifh 'kw, d t}udrf
y%mr tpD&ifcpH mudv k nf;aumif;/ jyKpkxw k jf yefEidk cf o
hJ nf?
(5) jrefrmEkid if H vltcGit hf a&;qdik &f m ukvor*~ txl;ud, k pf m;vS,f rpPwm yDn±J ;dk xHo@dk 'Dy, J if;jzpf&yf
eSiphf yfvsO;f I oufaocHtaxmuftxm;rsm;eSihf wuG jynfjh ynfph pkH kH wifjyedik cf o hJ nf? Ed0k ifbmv (12)&ufae@wiG f
rpPwm yDn&J ;kd rS (58)}udraf jrmuf urBmu h v k or*~ taxGaxG nDvmcHo@kd jrefrmEdik if H vl@tcGit hf a&;tajctae
rsm;ESiphf yfvsO;f +yD; ‚if;.pHpk rf;awG@&cdS surf sm;udk tpD&ifcw H ifjy&mY 'Dy, J if;vky=f uHrj_ zpf&yf}uD;udk t"duxm; rD;
armif;xd;k wifjyoGm;cJo h nft h jyif atmufygtwdik ;f oH;k oyfco hJ nf?
tpd;k & tm%mydik rf sm;u yl;aygi;f =uHpnfaqmif&u
“tpd G w f mrsLd ;r[kw&f if 'DyJ ,if; jzpf&yfjzpfymG ;edik pf &m r&Sb d ;l
qdkwJhtcsufudk oHk;oyfedkifzkd@ cdkifvHkwJ@ ta=umif;taxmuftxm; oufaocHcsuf&Sdae+yDvdk husaemf ajymedkif
w,f?
I can say that there is a prima facie evidence that the Depayin incident could not have
happened without the connivance of State agents.
arwWm&yfcjH cif;
'Dy, J if;vky}f urH }_ u;D ESihf pyfvsO;f I tjzpfreS af zmfxw k Ef idk af &;ESihf wm0ef&o
dS rl sm;tm; wpkwH &mta&;,laqmif
±GuEf idk af &;twGuf jynfov l x l tk rsm;pk}uD;ESihf Ekid if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;/ 'Dru kd a&pDta&; wufºuGvy_ &f mS ;
olrsm;/ Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;udak zmfaqmifvakd om jynfwiG ;f jynfyrS Oya'qdik &f mynm&Sirf sm;ESihf tiftm;pkrsm;/ vl@tcGihf
ta&;udk vdv k m;awmif;qdw k u kd yf 0JG ifv#u&f =dS uaom wOD;csi;f jynforl sm; tzG@J tpnf;rsm; ponfw@dk u xda&muf
xufjrufpmG yl;aygi;f qmif&u G &f ef arwWm&yfcyH gonf? ok@d r[kwv f #if Tr#}uD;rm;aom vkyif ef;}uD; xajrmuf
atmifjrif&ef rvG,u f yl g?
12
trSet
f wdik ;f wifjy&v#if jzpfymG ;cJah om r_cif;}uD;. twdik ;f twmy%mreSihf edik ;f ,SOyf gu jynfwiG ;f rSjzpfap
Ekid if w
H umrSjzpfap/ ,cktcsed t f xd 'Dy,J if;vky}f uHr}_ uD;twGuf ta&;,ly;l aygi;f aqmif&u G rf r_ mS rsm;pGmenf;yg;
aeygonf? aumfr&Sit f aejzifh 'Dy, J if;jzpf&yfEiS hf pyfvsO;f I trSew f &m;azmfxw k Ef idk af &;twGuf tuef@towf
tcuftcJrsm;=um;rS wwfprG ;f or# óud;yrf;cJyh gonf? tusK;d quftaejzifh Ek0d ifbmv(18)&ufae@wiG f usi;f y
aom (58)}udraf jrmuf ukvor*~taxGaxGnv D mcHwiG f atmufygtwkid ;f qk;H jzwfcsucf srw S I f ukvor*~rS
etztm; awmif;qkv d u
dk +f yD jzpfonf?
“ar(30)&ufae@Y jzpfymG ;cJah om 'Dy, J if;jzpf&yfEiS phf yfvsO;f I Ekid if w
H umESiyhf ;l aygi;f um
vGwv f yfaompkpH rf;r_rsm;ukd jynfph pHk mG jyKvkyo f mG ;&ef”
tqkdygawmif;qkdcsuftwkdif; vufawG@jzpfvm+yD; 'DyJ,if;jzpf&yf}uD;ESifhpyfvsOf;I wm0ef&Sdolrsm;tm;

wpkw H &mxda&mufpmG ta&;,laqmif±u G Ef idk &f efrmS rl Ekid if aH &;tiftm;pkrsm;u OD;aqmifum tm;vk;H 0kid ;f 0ef;óud;
yrf;=urSom jzpfEidk yf grnf? ,if; &nfreS ;f csuaf tmifjrifEidk af &;twGuf 'Dy, J if;vky}f uHr}_ uD;wGif xdcu kd cf pH m;cJ=h u
&olrsm;/ tzG@J tpnf;rsm;/ 1990 arv a&G;aumufyw JG iG f a&G;cs,w f ifajrm‡ ufjcif;cH&aom v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f
rsm;/ trsK;d om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csLyfrS wm0ef&o dS rl sm;/ wdik ;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;/ 'Dy, J if;vky}f urH }_ u;D eSiphf yfvsO;f
I w&m;r#wr_ 0dik ;f 0ef;&SmazGvo kd nfh jynfwiG ;f jynfyrS yk*Kd~ vfrsm;tm;vH;k yl;aygi;f vufwJG aqmif&u G o f mG ;=u&ef
aumfr&Sirf S tav;teufarwWm&yfcyH gonf?
,if;od@k yl;aygi;f vufwaJG qmif&u G rf _ ydrk t

kd m;aumif;vmapa&;twGuv f nf;aumif;/ 'Dy,
J if;vky}f uHr}_ uD;
eSihf pyfvsO;f I tjynft h pHk r[kwaf o;aomfjim;vnf; wpHw k &maomtwdik ;f twmtxd trSew f &m;udk azmf
xkwcf iG &hf ap&ef vnf;aumif;/ &nf&, G uf m Ty%mrtpD&ifcpH mudk a&;om;jyKpk xkwaf 0wifjy&jcif; jzpfygonf?
'DyJ,if;vkyf}uHr_ta&;,laqmif&Gufa&;aumfr&Sif
( atmufajcrSwfpkrsm; )
1? Corroborated Evidence
2? State Terrorism
13
tcef;(1)
a':atmifqef;pk-unfESifh tzGJŒcsKyftzGJŒ0ifrsm;tay: 'DyJ,if;vkyf}uHr+ rwdkifrD

ppftm%mydkifrsm;. zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fr+rsm;/ wdkufcdkufr+rsm;ESifh
touftEW&m,fxdcdkufapEdkifonftxd t-urf;zufcJhjcif;rsm;
2002 ckEpS /f arv (6)&ufae@wiG f trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª; a':atmifqef;pk
=unf (19)v=umaetdrt f us,cf sKyfrvS w
G af jrmufvmcJ+h yD;aemuf/ pnf;¶H;k a&;c&D;pOfrsm; oGm;a&mufcyhJ gonf?
aetdrtf us,cf sKyfr, S ckw}urd v f w
G af jrmufvmr_rmS c|i;f csujf zifh r[kwb
f J oGm;a&mufvo kd nfah e&mod@k vGwv
f yf
pGm oGm;vmEdik cf iG ¶hf adS =umif; etzrS oabmwlxm;cJo h nf?
aetdrt
f us,cf sKyfrv
S w
G af jrmufvm+yD;aemuf &efuek w
f ikd ;f twGi;f pnf;¶H;k a&;c&D;pOfrsm;tjzpf ² ² ²
(1) 17-5-02 &ufae@wiG f &efuek af jrmufyikd ;f c¶dik /f a¶$jynfomòrdŒe,ftzG@J csKyf¶;kH ?

(2) 22-5-02 &ufae@wGif &efukefta¶S@ydkif;c¶dkif/ a'gyHkòrdŒe,ftzGJ@csKyf¶Hk;?
(3) 24-5-02 &ufae@wiG f &efuek t f aemufyikd ;f c¶dik /f urm¶Gwòf rdŒe,ftzG@J csKyf¶;kH ?
(4) 31-5-02 &ufae@wiG f &efuek t f aemufyikd ;f c¶dik /f =unfjh rifwikd òf rdŒe,ftzG@J csKyf¶;kH ?
(5) 12-6-02 &ufae@wiG f &efuek t f a¶S@yikd ;f c¶dik /f omauwòrdŒe,ftzG@J csKyf¶;kH ?
(6) 16-7-02 &ufae@wiG f &efuek af jrmufyikd ;f c¶dik /f r*Fvm'Hòk rdŒe,ftzG@J csKyf¶;kH ESihf vSn;f ul;òrdŒe,ftzG@J csKyf
¶Hk;?
(7) 30-8-02 &ufae@wiG f &efuek af wmifyikd ;f c¶dik /f 'vòrdŒe,ftzG@J csKyf¶;kH / aumhr;ª òrdŒe,ftzG@J csKyf¶;kH ESihf uGr;f +cH
ukef;òrdŒe,ftzGJ@csKyf¶Hk;?
(8) 19-9-02 &ufae@wiG f &efuek t f a¶S@yikd ;f c¶dik /f wmarGòrd@e,ftzG@J csKyf¶;kH ?
(9) 4-10-02 &ufae@wiG f &efuek t f a¶S@yikd ;f c¶dik /f oCFe;f u|e;f òrdŒe,f tzG@J csKyf¶;kH wd@k o@kd omG ;a&mufco
hJ nfh
c&D;pOfrsm;twGi;f / jynfov l x
l . k vdu_ v f u
_d v f v
JS w
JS cJeufaxmufcrH u _ &kd ¶Scd o
hJ nf?
wdkif;ESifhjynfe,frsm;odk@oGm;a&mufcJhonfhpnf;¶Hk;a&;c&D;pOfrsm;tjzpf ² ² ²
(1) 14-6-02 &ufae@rS 15-6-02 &ufae@txd rGejf ynfe,f/ omrn? (omrnawmifq&mawmf -

tbd"Z t*~r[mo'<raR Zmwdu b'N E 0W ed ,tm; oGm;a&mufz;l ajrmf=unf!dk )
(2) 22-6-02 &ufae@rS 29-6-02 &ufae@txd rE aW v;wdik ;f / rauG;wdik ;f twGi;f (16)òrdŒe,f?
(3) 14-7-02 &ufae@rS 17-7-02 &ufae@txd yJc;l wdik ;f twGi;f (14)òrdŒe,f?
(4) 20-7-02 &ufae@rS 23-7-02 &ufae@txd rGejf ynfe,fEiS u hf &ifjynfe,ftwGi;f (12)òrdŒe,f/?
(5) 13-11-02 &ufae@rS 27-11-02 &ufae@txd &Sr;f jynfe,ftwGi;f (17)òrdŒe,f?
(6) 16-12-02 &ufae@rS 24-12-02 &ufae@txd &cdik jf ynfe,f/ rauG;wdik ;f ESi{hf &m0wDwikd ;f twGi;f (15)
14
òrdŒe,f?
(7) 3-4-03 &ufae@rS 13-4-03 &ufae@txd rauG;wdik ;f ESichf si;f jynfe,ftwGi;f (21)òrdŒe,f?
(8) 6-5-03 &ufae@rS 30-5-03 &ufae@txd rE aW v;wdik ;f / ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f / ucsijf ynfe,f/ ¶Sr;f jynfe,ft
wGi;f (28)òrdŒe,f ponfjzifh wkid ;f ESijhf ynfe,f (12)ck&dS pkpak ygi;f (125)òrdŒe,fo@dk oGm;a&mufco
hJ nf?
azmfjyyg pnf;¶H;k a&;c&D;pOfrsm;twGi;f jynforl sm;.axmufct H m;ay;r_ wpxuf wp wd;k wuf&¶Sd vmcJo h nfh
enf;wl/ tm%mydik rf sm;. enf;trsKd ;rsKd ;jzifah ESmif,
h u
S [f ef@wm;r_rsm; wpxuf wp wd;k wufrsm;jym;
vmonfukd awG@}uHKcJ&h onf?
tm%mydik rf sm;u a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftay: aESmif, h u S [

f ef@wm;cJo h nf
rSm ,ckrS r[kwyf g? 1988 ckEpS w f iG f tjypfrjhJ ynfo&l maygi;f rsm;pGmtm;ypfcwfowfjzwfacsre_ ;f +yD; tm%modr;f
,lco hJ nfh tm%mydik (f ppftyk pf )k rsm;onf/ rv$o J mI Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;zG@J pnf;cGiahf y;cJah omfvnf;/ Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;
.vGwv f yfpmG pnf;¶H;k v_y¶f mS ;cGiu
hf kd tpOft+rJ enf;rsKd ;pHjk zifyh wd yf if[ef@wm;cJo h nf? Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;taejzifh
jynfolvlxk=um;wGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;vkyf=u&&m/ tm%mydkifrsm;rS jynfolrsm;udkenf;rsdK;pHkjzifh+cdrf;ajcmufxm;+yD;
Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;ESi x
hf ad wG@qufqrH _ rjyKEdik af tmif [ef@wm;ydwyf ifxm;cJo h nf?
1988 ckESpf
1988 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (27)&ufae@wiG f trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf zG@J pnf;cJ+h yD;/ pnf;¶H;k a&;c&D;pOfrsm;
tjzpf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª; a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS t hf zG@J wdik ;f ESijhf ynfe,frsm;od@k oGm;a&mufc&hJ m/ tm%mydik f
rsm;.aESi,hf uS rf t
_ rsKd ;rsKd ; }uHKawG@c&hJ onf?
1988 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (14)&ufae@rS (18)&ufae@txdomG ;a&mufco hJ nfh rGejf ynfe,fpnf;¶H;k a&; c&D;pOf
twGi;f aomif;ESichf so D nfjh ynforl sm;u}udKqdak xmufccH =hJ uygonf? tm%mydik rf sm;u pnf;¶H;k a&;c&D;pOftwGi;f
aESmif,
h u
S [ f ef@wm;r_wpHw k &m rjyKcJah omfvnf; a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS t hf zG@J rGejf ynfe,f pnf;¶H;k a&;c&D; jyef
vmonfah e@rpS I rGejf ynfe,ftwGi;f rStzG@J csKyftzG@J 0ifrsm;tm; trde@f trSw-f 2§88 udck sKd ;azmufonf[k qdu k m
zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f r_rsm; jyKvkycf o hJ nf?
1989 ckESpf
tqd;k qH;k rSm {&m0wDwikd ;f pnf;¶H;k a&;c&D;pOfrsm;twGi;f jzpfonf? 1989 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (14)&ufae@rS (25)
&ufae@txdEiS hf 1989 ckEpS /f {+yv D (4)&ufae@rS (6)&ufae@txd oGm;a&mufco hJ nfch &D;pOfrsm;wGi/f a':atmifqef;pk
=unfESifhtzGJ@ rvma&mufrD}udKwifI {&m0wDwdkif;twGif;¶Sdjynfolvlxktm;/ a':atmifqef;pk=unfESifhtzGJ@
vmv#if r}uKd &/ tdrw f iG ;f rStrd jf yif rxGu&f / vuf rjy&/ use;f rmygap rajym& ponfjzifh wm;jrpf[ef@wm; +crd ;f
ajcmufxm;cJo h nf? tcsKd @ae&mrsm;wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS t hf zG@J a&mufvmcJv h #if +yKH ; rjy&[kyif wm;jrpfcohJ nf?
{&m0wDwikd ;f +idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J (w-0-w)OuUX Adv k rf ;ª csKyfjrifah tmifrS a':atmifqef;pk
=unfEiS hf tzG@J 0ifrsm;. pnf;¶H;k a&;c&D;pOftwGi;f wGif ppfwyftm; 'Dru kd a&pDtiftm;pkrsm;udak jcmufveS @f &ef/ ajcr_e;f
&eftoH;k jyKcJo
h nfukd xif¶mS ;pGmawG@&ygonf? vH+k cKH a&;ta=umif;jyI jynforl sm;. 'Dru kd a&pDtcGithf a&;rsm;tm;
qef@usijf cif;/ 'Dru kd a&pDvy_ ¶f mS ;r_tm; wdu k cf u
kd jf cif;rsm;jyKvkycf o
hJ nf?
1989 ckEpS /f {+yDv (5)&ufae@ "EkjzLòrd@Y a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS t hf zJ@G tm; aoewfjzifh ypfcwfErSd Ef iS ;f rnfjyK
onftxd jzpfco hJ nf?
15
yxrt}udrrf mS a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS t hf zG@J anmifwek ;f òrd@/ "EkjzLòrd@EiS t hf eD;tem;aus;&Gmrsm;od@k / {+yDv

(4)&ufae@rS (6)&ufae@txd (3)&uf=um pnf;&k;Hk a&;c&D;oGm;a&mufcyhJ gonf? 5-4-89 &ufae@ eHeuf (9)em&D
(30)rdepftcsed cf ef@wiG /f "EkjzLòrd@ trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyf&;Hk Y òrd@e,fpnf;&k;H a&;rª;rsm;ESihf em&D0ufcef@ awG@qI kH
aqG;aEG;cJ+h yD;/ tazsmufòrd@o@kd c&D;quf&ef tzJ@G csKyf&;Hk teD;&dS &efrsKd ;atmifqyd u f rf;od@k vrf;av#mufvmcJo h nf?
a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf tzJ@G 0iftcsKd @ ‘acwfvu kd ’f wnf;cd&k yd o f mteD;&dS vrf;qHo k @kd a&mufumeD;wGif vltyk f
.aemufbuf udu k (f 100)ausmcf ef@rS toHcs@J pufwyfqifxm;aomum;jzifv h u kd yf gvmaom (r-0-w)tzJ@G 0if
rsm;onf “qly&l ef&nf&, G cf sujf zifh pDwef;vrf;av#mufjcif;qENjyjcif;rsm; vH;k 0 rðy&efEiS hf od@k r[kwyf gu xda&muf
pGm ypfcwf&iS ;f vif;ESrd ef if;&rnfjzpfa=umif;”ponfjzif[ h pfatmfowday;cJo h nf?
aemufbufraS eI “usnx f ;kd ”[ktrde@f ay;onf? xd@k aemuf yxrt}udrf owday;onf/ 'kw, d t}udrf
owday;onf/ wwd,t}udrf owday;onf[k toHcs@J pufjzifah jymum/ppfom;rsm;tm; 'l;axmufapI a':
atmifqef;pk=unfEiS t hf zG@J tm; csed &f , G &f eftrde@f ay;cJo h nf? od@k aomf trSew f u,f ypfcwfcrhJ _ rjyKjzpfco hJ jzifh
om toufraocJjh cif;jzpfonf?
'kw, d t}udrrf mS 5-4-89 &ufae@wiG f trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª; a':atmifqef;
pk=unfEiS t hf zJ@G tazsmuf/ qum}uD;aus;&Gmrsm;od@k 0ifa&muf+yD; aemufq;kH pcef;jzpfonfh vufyefyifaus;&Gm
od@k 0ifa&mufI jyefvnfxu G cf mG vm&m "EkjzLqdyu f rf;od@k nae(6)em&Dtcsed w f iG f qdu k af &mufcyhJ gonf? tzJ@G csKyf
&k;H wnf&&Sd mod@k tzJ@G 0ifrsm; at;csr;f pGmajcvsijf yefvmcJ+h yD; aps;teD; r[mAE<Kvvrf;twGi;f od@k 0ifa&mufc&hJ m
aps;ydwcf sed jf zpfI vrf;&Si;f ae+yD; rnfonfv h y_ &f mS ;r_r# r&db S J at;aq;+idro f ufvsu&f o dS nf?
a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS t hf zJ@G r[mAE<Kvvrf;ESihf pmwdu k v
f rf;qHrk S ay(300)cef@twGi;f od@k a&mufonft h cg
*spu f m;wpfp;D vrf;xdyo f @kd &w k w f &ufx;kd qdu k v f m+yD; um;ay:rS&aJ bmf(6)OD;ESihf Adv k }f uD;wOD;qif;vmI &Jabmf
(4)OD;u 'l;axmufIvnf;aumif;/ ESpOf ;D u rwfwwf&yfIvnf;aumif; ypfcwf&eftoifh taetxm;ðyvkycf o hJ nf?
‚if;tzJ@G tm;tkycf sKyfol Adv k }f uD;u a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; “qENjyonft h aetxm;jzifh rcsw D ufygEiS /hf
vrf;udyk w d q f @kd jcif; rðyvkyyf gEiS ”fh ponfjzifv h nf;aumif;/ “yxrt}udrf owday;aeygw,f”[lIvnf;aumif;
atmf[pfajymqdkonf?
a':atmifqef;pk=unfrS tzJ@G 0ifrsm;tm; vrf;ab;wbufwcsuo f @kd cI GJ av#muf&efajymqd&k m ‚if;wd@k u
vrf;wbufwcsuo f @kd qif;I av#muf=uonf? ‚if;Adv k }f uD;u“vrf;ab;uav#mufv#iv f nf; ypf&rSmyJ”[k
a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; ajymonft h cg/ a':atmifqef;pk=unfrS wOD;wnf;vrf;v,fo@kd xu G u f m/ aoewfjzifh
csed ¶f ,G af eonfh &Jabmfav;OD;t=um;rS jzwfausmaf v#mufomG ;cJo h nf?
xdktcdkuf Adkvfrª;ESpfOD; tzJG@csKyfvli,frsm;aemufrS &kwfw&ufajy;wufvm=u+yD;/ “AdkvfjrifhOD;/ rvkyfeJ@/
rvkyef @J ”atmf[pfwm;jrpfco hJ nf? xd@k aemuf&aJ bmfrsm;tm;usn&f iS ;f &ef csujf cif;yif ,if;Adv k rf ;ª wd@k u trde@f ay;+y;D
usn&f iS ;f apcJo h jzifo h m a':atmifqef;pk=unf toufraocJjh cif;jzpfonf?
Adkvf}uD;jrifhOD;qdkolu a'gojzifh ol.ykcHk;ay:wGif wyfqifxm;aom&mxl;tqifhwHqdyfrsm;udk qJGòzwfI
“'Dvq kd &kd if 'gawGbmvky&f rSmvJ”[k txuft&m¶Srd sm;tm;jyefajymcJo h nf/ “rif;ta&;,l cH&r,f”[k Adv k rf ;ª
wOD;u owday;&m/ Adv k }f uD;jrifOh ;D u“cifAsm;wd@k ,lcsi, f /l óuduw f mvky”f [kjyefajym cJo h nftxdjzpfco hJ nf?
1996 ckESpf
a':atmifqef;pk=unf.+cH0if;twGif; (4-1-96) ae@wGif (47)ESpfajrmuf vGwfvyfa&;ae@tcrf;tem;

usi;f ycJo h nf? tqkyd gtcrf;tem;wGif t+idrjhf zifh ujyajzmfajzcJ=h uonfh OD;ygygav;/ OD;vlaZmf/ OD;axG;ESihf OD;atmif
pk;d wk@d tm; rE aW v;ok@d jyefta&mufwiG f tm%mykid rf sm;u zrf;qD;+yD; w&m;pJq G cdk o
hJ nf? xkt
d r_wiG f oufaocH&ef
16
rE aW v;ok@d omG ;a&mufrnfh a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS t hf zJ@G &efuek b f w l m}u;D ok@d a&muf&pdS Of tm%mykid rf sm;rS a':atmif
qef;pk=unfEiS t hf zJ@G pD;eif;vku
d yf grnf&h xm;wJt
G m; pufyidk ;f qkid &f mcsK@d ,iG ;f r_&o
dS nf[t
k a=umif;jyI tqkyd g&xm;wJu G dk
jzKwfxm;+yD; wm;qD;aESmif, h u S cf o
hJ nf?
Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J . &xm;yd@k aqmifa&;0ef}uD;Xme/ 0ef}uD;wOD;jzpfol OD;0if;pdef

onf jynfaxmifp}k uH@cidk af &;ESizhf @HG òzd;a&;toif;wGif A[dt k wGi;f a&;rª;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifae&oljzpf+yD;/ ,if;
yk*Kd~ vfonf 1-11-96 &ufae@EiS hf 3-11-96 &ufae@rsm;wGif xkt d zG@J twGuf pnf;¶k;H a&;uGi;f qif;&mY ajym=um;cJh
onfph um;rsm;rSm/tvGew f &m ao;odr, f w
k !
f vhH o
S nf? xkad jym=um;cJoh !fph um;rsm;ukd trdsK;om;'Dru kd a&pD
tzG@J csKyf oufqidk &f mtzG@J crJG sm;u A[dXk mecsKyfo@dk ay;yk@d xm;o!fh tpD&ifcpH mrsm;twdik ;f jyefvnfa&;om;+yD;/
EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ OuUÏvnf;jzpf+yD;/ jynfaxmifpk}uH@cdkifa&;ESifh zGH@òzdd;a&;toif;.
em,u}uD;vnf; jzpfo!hf Adv k cf sKyfr;ª }uD;oef;a¶$xH 20-12-96 &ufpyJG gpmtrSwf 179§ pnf;(jidr)f §96 jzifh
tzG@J csKyf OuUX OD;atmifa¶$rS ta=umif;=um;cJo h nf?
jzpfpOfrmS 1-11-96 &ufae@ (14;00)em&Dtcsed cf ef@wiG /f tif;awmfòrd@r(S 1)rkid cf ef@a0;aom/ v,fjyifaus;&Gm

rlvwef;ausmif;0ef;twGi;f ðyvkyaf om &Gmvk;H u|w}f u@H §zG@H toif;0if tqkðd yv$may;tyfyt JG crf;tem;wGi/f &xm;
yd@k aqmifa&;0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD; OD;0if;pderf S wufa&mufvm=uaom aus;&Gmvlxt k m;pum;ajym=um;&mY/ a':
atmifqef;pk=unftm; yk*Kd~ vfa&;t& xk;d ESuw f udk cf u
dk cf ohJ nf? 0ef}uD; OD;0if;pdeaf jympum;rsm;rSm jynfwiG ;f Edik if H
a&; rwnfr+idrjf zpfatmifvyk af eol a':pk=unfudk okwo f if &Si;f vif;ypf&rnfjzpfa=umif;/ okwo f if&iS ;f vif;ypf&
rnfukd em;vnf=uovm;/ okwo f if&iS ;f vif;ypf&r,fqw dk m owfypf&r,fv@dk qv kd w
dk mjzpfa=umif;/ (wquf
wnf;) atmifqef;pk=unfukd owf&o J vm;/ (Tpum;ukyd &dowftm; 5-6 cgavmuf a'gow}uD;qufar;)/
a':pk=unfukd owfypf&r,f[ak jyma=umif;/ avmufpyDumjzifah jym=um;aom txufygpum;rsm;udk ud, k wf idk f
wufa&muf=uolrsm;tjyif/ a'ocHaus;&GmvlxEk iS &hf mG bke;f }uD;ausmif;rS &[ef;oHCmrsm;yif=um;odc&hJ onf?
}uH@§zG@H twGi;f a&;r–; 0ef}uD;OD;0if;pdeof nf 2-11-96 &ufae@nydik ;f wGif uomc¶dik f }uH@§zG@H taqmuftOD;
wGi/f uomc¶dik }f uH@§zG@H tvkyt f r_aqmifrsm;/ Xmeqkid &f m0efxrf;t}uD;tuJrsm;tm; ac:,lawG@qI Hk “=o0g'
cH,yl ”JG usi;f yðyvkycf o hJ nf? 3-11-96 &ufae@ eHeufyikd ;f wGif uomòrd@e,f odrt f if;aus;&Gm “&Gmvk;H u|w}f uH@§zG@H
tqkðd yv$may;tyfy”JG wGiaf [majymaom 0ef}uD;.pum;rsm;rSm/ a':atmifqef;pk=unf.ud, k af &; ta=umif;
t&mrsm;udrk rSerf uefazmfjyajymqko d nft h jyif/ “atmifqef; pk=unfuo kd wf&v J m;”[k (3)}udr(f 3)cg ar;jref;
wkdifwnfatmf[pfay;cJhonf?
0ef}u;D OD;0if;pdeo
f nf xkad e@eeH uf(11)em&DwiG u f omòr@d e,f/ tif;&Gmok@d a&muf&v dS m+y;D / “&Gm;vk;H u|wf }u@H §zG@H
tqkðd yv$may;tyfy”JG ok@d wufa&mufred @f ceG ;f ajym=um;ygonf? tqkyd gvx l t k pnf;ta0;Y 0ef}uD;. a[majym
csurf sm;rSm a':atmifqef;pk=unf.ud, k af &;&mZ0ifukd r[kwrf rSeaf om/ odrzf si;f aompum;&yfrsm;jzifh vlxu k kd
t,ko H iG ;f a[majymcJo h nf? xd@k aemuf “olrudw k idk ;f jynfrzS ,f&mS ;jypf&r,f/ okwo f ifypf&r,f”[k (3)}udrw f idk f
atmf[pfaºuG;a=umfcJhonf? okwfoifw,fqkdwmowfypf&r,f[k qkdvkda=umif;xyfrHt"dy`g,fzGifhqkdajymqkdcJh
onf?owf&=J uovm;[ko;Hk }udraf tmf[pfar;jref;cJo h nf? tqkyd ga[majymcsurf sm;ESihf pum;tok;H tE_e;f rsm;
twdik ;f yif uomc¶dik /f tif;awmfòrd@e,f/ v,fjyif aus;&GmwGiu f si;f yðyvkyo f nfh vlxt k pnf;ta0;wGif vl
(ig;axmif) cef@a&S@wiG af [majymoGm;cJah =umif; =um;odc&hJ ygonf? 0ef}u;D OD;0if;pdet f aejzifh a':atmifqef;pk=unf
tay: Yvnf;aumif;/ trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyfEiS yhf wfoufIvnf;aumif;/ tpOfojzifh rrSerf uefajymqkd
r_ r sm;ud k ð yvk y f v suf & S d a eonf ud k a wG @ &onf ? 1995 ck E S p f / uomc¶d k i f (24)em&D rD ; vif ; a&;
17
tcrf;tem;usi;f ypOfuvnf;/ rde@f ceG ;f ajym qkd

&mwGif “trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyfEiS hf vl vl
csi;f / 'kwf 'kwcf si;f / 'g; 'g;csi;f ¶du
k of if&h if¶u dk &f rSm
jzpfa=umif;” xnfo h iG ;f ajymqko d mG ;cJjh cif;rsm;&Scd hJ
onf?
0ef } uD ; wOD ; taejzif h a':atmif q ef ; pk
=unftm; vkyf}uHowfjzwf&ef v_H@aqmfcsuf
rsm;/ yk*Kd~ vfa&; xdyg;ykwcf wfcsurf sm; ponfw@dk
rSm owif;pmrD', D mrsm;wGif ruawmhbJ e,f
1996 ckESpf/ Ekd0ifbmv (9)&ufaeŒ u
vSnw hf u
kd cf u
kd af jymqdv k monftxd ajAmif us
etz tm%mykdifrsm; vkHòcHa&;,lxm;onfh-um;rS
vl&rf;um;wpk wkdufckdufr+a-umifh
us vkyfaqmifvmcJhonf? OD;0if;pdefu ajym
a':atmifqef;pk-unf pD;eif;vkdufygvmaom um; =um;onfph um;&yfrmS tvGew f &mjyif;xefvS
xdcu
dk y
f sufp;D cJ&
h pOf +yD;/ a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; toufqkH;¶_H;
ap&efyif v_@H aqmfxm;onfuakd wG@&onf?
1996 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv(9)&ufae@wiG /f trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf acgi;f aqmifrsm;jzpf=uaom 'kw, d OuUX
rsm;jzpf=uonfh OD;wifO;D / OD;=unfarmifEiS hf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd .um;wef;udk vl&rf;
um;(200)cef@w@kd uvHòk cHa&;wm0ef,al e=uonfh tm%mydik t f zG@J tpnf;toD;oD; rSy*k Kd~ vfrsm;a&S@wiG yf if wu,fh
rif;rJw
h ikd ;f jynfyrm/ vluakd oapEdik af vmufaomvufeufrsKd ;pHjk zif/h &ufpuf=urf;=uKwf pGm0dik ;f 0ef;I t=urf;zuf
wduk cf ukd cf =hJ uonf? xdo k @kd wu
kd cf u
kd rf o
_ nftzG@J csKyfacgi;f aqmifrsm;. touftE &W m,fukd xdcu kd af pEdik af vmuf
onft h jyif acgi;f aqmifrsm;pD;eif;vdu k yf gvmonfu h m;rsm; ysupf ;D oGm;cJo h nf?
1998 ckESpf
1998 ckEpS /f ZGev f (25)&ufae@wiG /f wuUov kd &f yd of mvrf;¶Sd a':atmifqef;pk=unf.aetdrYf vli,frsm;tm;

A[kokwwdk;yGm;ap&efESifhynmay;&ef ESpfywfw}udrf jyKvkyfae=ujzpfaompmzwf0dkif;odk@ vma&muf=uonfh
tzG@J csKyftzG@J 0ifvil ,frsm;tm; 24-6-98 &ufae@uwnf;u+cJwiG ;f od@k 0ifa&muf&eftwGuf +cH0if;rSaxmuf vSr;f
a&;rsm;xH }udKwiftrnfpm&if;ay;xm;cJhygv#uf +cH0if;.t0iftxGufudk ppfaq;avh¶SdaomvHk+cHKa&;*dwfrS
tm%mydik rf sm;.vH+k cHKa&;wyfz@JG 0ifrsm;u0ifciG rhf jyKcJo h jzif/h OD;wifO;D ESihf a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd rS +cHjyifxu G I f
pepfwus}udKqdak c:aqmifvmcJo h nfwiG f a':atmifqef;pk=unf. aetdrt f eD; rlvwef;ausmif;a¶S@o@kd a&muf
onft h cg vH+k cHKa&;wyfz@JG 0ifrsm;u “bmacgi;f aqmifv/J ¶du k u f mG ”/ “acgi;f aqmifawGbmawGem;rvnfb;l / tJ'D
acgi;f aqmifyg±u dk ”f [ktrde@f ay;+yD; teD;¶dS ukuKdU udik ;f / opfuikd ;f / eHygwwf w k rf sm;jzifh oJorJ rJ J 0ifa&muf¶u
kd Ef u S f
cJo
h jzif/h tzG@J csKyf0ifvil ,f(4)OD; OD;acgi;f ESit
hf jcm;ae&mrsm;wGif jyif;xefpmG '%f&m&¶Scd +hJ yD;/ a':atmifqef;pk=unf
tenf;i,f'%f&m&¶Scd Jh onf? a':atmifqef;pk=unf.touftE &W m,fux kd cd u
kd af pEdik o
f nftxd ðyvkycf jhJ cif;
jzpfonf?
1998 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v

f (7)&ufae@ eHeuf(08;50)em&Dcef@wiG f yJc;l wkid ;f / rif;vSðrd@e,f rJqENe,f trSw(f 2)rS
jynfo@l vw
$ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f a':vSvrS ;kd xHo@kd tzG@J csKyfOuUX OD;atmifa¶$/ taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª; a':atmif
qef;pk=unfw@kd armfawmf,mOfjzifo h mG ;a&mufco hJ nfch &D;pOfwiG f eHeuf(09;30) em&Dcef@Y &efuek -f rE aW v;vrf;¶Sd
18
1998 ckESpfu {&m0wDwkdif; ykodrfòrdŒokdŒtoGm; &efukefwkdif; xef;wyifòrdŒe,f/ yefwkdif±Gm (tnmpk)wGif

a':atmifqef;pk-unfESifhtzJGŒ etz tm%mykdifwkdŒ. wm;qD;jcif;cHae&pOf
axmuf}u@H ppfaq;a&;*dwo f @kd a&mufonft h cg armfawmf,mOfukd &yfxm;apcJo h nf/ (10)rdepfcef@&yfxm;+y;D aemuf

qufvufxu G cf mG cJo
h nft h cg arSmb f +D rdK@txGuw f iG f tm%mydik w f @kd u xyfrw
H m;qD;cJo h nf? qufvufxu G f
cGmcJjh yef&m (10;20)em&Dcef@tcsed f rdik w f ikd (f 40)rdik f (1)zmvH¶k dS a¶$jr,maus;¶GmteD;wGit f a&mufwiG f tm%mydik f
rsm;u qufvufxu G cf mG I r&atmiff wm;qD;xm;cJo h nf? xdak e&mwGiyf if &Jwyf&if;(3)pcef;csxm;cJo h nf?
qufvufrxGucf mG Edik af wmhonfh twGuf tzG@J csKyfacgi;f aqmifrsm; xdak e&mwGiyf ifaf rmfwmf,mOfay: YwnvH;k
aecJ&h onf? 8-7-98 &uf ae@eeH uf(07;30)em&DwiG f tm%mydik rf sm;u a':vSvrS ;kd tm; tzG@J csKyfacgi;f aqmifrsm;
xHodk@ac:vmcJh=uonf? tm%mydkifrsm;u a':vSvSrdk;tm; 10-7-98 &ufae@ nae(15;00)em&Dta&muf
tzG@J csKyf¶;kH od@k yd@k aqmifay;&efoabmwlncD o hJ jzifh xdak e@(08;20)em&Dcef@wiG f tzG@J csKyfacgi;f aqmifrsm;jyefvm
cJh=uonf?

f (20)&ufae@ eHeuf(09;10)em&Dcef@wiG f {&m0wDwidk ;f / yef;waemf+rdK@e,fo@kd tzG@J csKyf
taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª; a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf {&m0wDwikd ;f pnf;¶H;k a&;aumfrwD OuUXESihf A[dk tvkyt f r_
aqmif tzG@J 0ifwOD;jzpfol OD;vSazwd@k armfawmf,mOfjzifch &D;xGucf =hJ u&mwGif anmifwek ;f òrd@rS ta¶S@buf (15)
rdik cf ef@tuGm tnmpkEiS yhf efwikd ¶f mG teD;od@k eHeuf(11;55)em&Dcef@wiG af &muf¶pdS Of tm%mydik rf sm;uvrf;ydwq f @kd
wm;qD;cJo h nf? yef;waemf +rKd @e,frq J ENe,ftrSw(f 1)rS jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f a'guw f m wifrif;xGÉf
tm; ae@vnf(14;10)em&Dcef@wGif taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª; a':atmifqef;pk=unf¶Sd&modk@ tm%mykdifrsm;u
ac:aqmifvmay;ojzifh tm%mydik rf sm;.oabmwlncD sut f & ‚if;tm; &efuek o f @kd ac:vm+yD;jyefvmcJ=h uonf?
1998 ckEpS /f Zkvidk v

f (24)&ufae@wiG f a':atmifqef;pk=unf ESihf {&m0wDwidk ;f pnf;±k;H a&;tzJŒG OuUÏESihf
A[kt
d vkyt
f r_aqmif tzJ@G 0ifwOD;jzpfol OD;vSazwk@d {&m0wDwidk ;f twGi;f rS jynfo@l vw
$ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f
19
rsm;tm; &mZ0wfjypfr_ usL;vGeaf vh&o dS rl sm;twGuo f m tok;H jyK

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onfh ‚if;uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf ‚if;wk@d .rdom;pkrsm;tm; tm;ay;
pum;ajym=um;&ef {&m0wDwidk ;f ykord òf rd@o@dk armfawmf,mOfjzifh
oGm;a&mufcJhonf? anmifwkef;òrd@ta&S@buf(15)cef@tuGm
tnmpk±GmwHwm;teD;wGif tm%mykdifrsm;u oHql;óud;rsm;
oJtw d rf sm;csxm;I wm;qD;ydwq f @dk co hJ nf?
(6)&uf=um wm;qD;ydwq f @dk xm;+yD; Zlvidk v f (29)&ufae@n
wGif ,cif a':atmifqef;pk=unf.+cHwiG f wm0efus t&m&Sjd zpf
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atmifqef;pk=unfEiS t hf zJ@G tm; wm;qD;xm;&mae&mok@d a&muf&dS
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tm%mykdifwkdŒu aomufa&jywfojzifh tm;tifcsed nfph mG um;xJwiG f vJavsmif;
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t-urf;zuf ac:aqmifvmojzifh zuf tEkid t f xufjyKcsKyfaESmif+yD; twif;t"rR aetdro f @dk jyefy@dk chJ
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1998 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (12)&ufae@ eHeuf(10;15)em&DwiG f
tzG@J csKyftaxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª; a':atmifqef;pk=unf/ A[dk tvkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J 0ifEiS hf {&m0wDwikd ;f pnf;¶H;k
a&;tzG@J OuUX OD;vSazwd@k 24-7-98 &ufae@u c&D;oGm;a&mufc&hJ mwGif udp+P yD;jywfjcif; r¶Sad oma=umifh {&m
0wDwidk ;f / ykord +f rdK@e,fo@kd trsm;jynfow l @kd toH;k jyKonfh c&D;vrf;twdik ;f at;csr;f wnf+idrpf mG armfawmf,mOfjzifh
c&D;xGufcJh=uonfwGif ,cifu wm;qDjcif;cHcJh=u&onfh xef;wyif+rdK@e,f/ yefwdkif¶Gm(tnmpk)teD;wGif
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om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tzG@J 0ifrsm;ESihf 'Dru
kd a&pDa&;vdv k m;=uonfh trsm;jynfot l m;vH;k wd@k u 'Dru kd a&pDa&;
qufvufvyk af qmifEikd &f eftwGuf a':atmifqef;pk=unfjyefvm&ef qENjyif;jypGm¶Sad e=uojzifh a':atmifqef;
pk=unfrS 'Dru kd a&pDtiftm;pkrsm;ESit hf wl 'Drukd a&pDa&; qufvufaqmif¶u G &f efjyefvmcJ&h m 24-8-98 &ufae@
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'v+rdK@jyify (3)rdik cf ef@tuGm¶dS usepf pfom;&yfuu G t f eD;wGif um;rsm;tm;ydwq f @kd +yD;/ &Jr;ª rsKd ;vGiu f qufvuf
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jzifh qufvuf&yfwnfaecJ&h mrS (9)&ufajrmufae@jzpfonfh 2000 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (1)&ufae@ n (11;15)
tcsed w f iG f &Jr;ª csKyfatmifE, G /f &Jr;ª rsKd ;vGiEf iS hf ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;tzG@J rS Adv k rf ;ª ol&(c)aepd;k (=unf;-18242) /
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pk=unfw@kd tzG@J &yfem;onfah e&mod@k 0ifa&mufp;D eif;+yD; tzG@J 0ifrsm;tm; twif;t"rR &efuek o f @kd jyefy@kd co
hJ nf?
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S cf +hJ yD;/ a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; trsKd ;orD;
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um;ay:rS =urf;wrf;pGmqGcJ sco hJ nf?
ppftm%m¶Siw f @kd u OD;wifO;D / a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS t hf zG@J tm; t=urf;zufIaetdrjf yefy@kd c¶hJ rkH #ru xdn k
wGiyf if trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf/ A[dXk mecsKyf¶;kH ud0k ifa&muford ;f ydu k cf o hJ nf? aemufwae@wiG f tzG@J csKyf A[dk
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ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJGŒcsKyf A[kdXmecsKyftm; 0ifa&mufpD;eif;I aomhrsm;±kdufcsKd;_yD;

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21
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ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;rS trsKd ;om;'Dru k d a&pDtzG@J csKyf/ A[dXk mecsKyfukd 0ifa&muf pD;eif;I tcef;wHcg;aomhrsm;tm;vH;k udk
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odr;f qnf;,laqmif oGm;cJo h nf?
2000 jynfhESpf/ pufwif bmv(14)&ufae@ eHeuf(9) em&DtcsdefwGif tzGJ@csKyf OuUX OD;atmifa¶$tm;
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2000 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (21)&ufae@wiG f trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf 'kw, d OuUX OD;wifO;D / taxG
axGtwGi;f a&;rª; a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS t hf zG@J / tzG@J csKyfvy_ ¶f mS ;r_ r¶SEd ikd &f ef ydwyf ifwm;qD;r_rsm;/ tzG@J csKyf¶;kH
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rSwu f ek af eonf[k r[kwrf rSet f a=umif;jyI vufrw S af &mif;ray;ojzif/h &xm;xGucf sed t f xd apmif;qdik ;f cJ=h u
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vli,frsm;udx k ed ;f odr;f cJ+h yD;/ vl}uD;rsm;tm; aetdro f @kd t"rRjyefy@kd co hJ nf? wqufwnf; pufwifbmv (22)&uf
ae@rS pI A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftm;vH;k tm; aetdrjf yifyod@k xGucf iG rhf jyKbJ tus,cf sKyfcsxm;cJo h nf?
azmfjyyg tm%mydik rf sm;.tjyKtrl/ tajymtqdEk iS v hf yk &f yfrsm;udak xmuf¶j_ cif;tm;jzif/h tm%mydik rf sm;
taejzifh Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;ESihf Ekid if aH &;acgi;f aqmifrsm;/ (txl;ojzift h rsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfEiS hf a':atmifqef;
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uwnf;u }uH¶, G cf ahJ =umif; txift¶Sm;awG@&onf?
22
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atmufygtwkid ;f aESmif, h u S rf r_ sm;ukd óuaH wG@c&hJ onf? 2003 ckEpS /f arv(8)&ufae@ a&$bòkdr@d wiG f òrd@e,f¶;kH qdik ;f bkww f if
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hJ nf? a&$bkd
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arv(9)&ufae@ nae(6)em&Dcef@wiG f aumvif;òr@d &dS txufwef;ausmif;a&S@wiG =f ucH ikd zf @HG jzKd ;a&; tzG@J 0ifrsm;u
“jynfytm;ud;k ykqed &f ;kd / tqd;k jrif0g'rD sm;tm; qef@usi=f u”[lonfq h ikd ;f bkwrf sm;axmifxm;+yD; aºuG;a=umf
oHrsm;jzifah tmf[pfqENjyaESmif, h u
S cf o hJ nf? 1
arv(10)&ufae@ tif;awmfòrd@t0if eef@oaJ us;&Gmod@k n(9)em&Dtcsed cf ef@wiG af &muf&cdS &hJ m ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f
rH&k mG c±kid /f =uH@z@HG twGi;f a&;rª; OD;aX;atmifO;D pD;onfh tiftm;(70)cef@&}dS uH@z@HG rsm;u tpdr;f a&mifyw d pf ay:wGif
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23
usiaf ESmif, h u S o f nfu=kd uHKawG@&onf?2 a':atmifqef;pk=unfrS a'ocHjynfov l xl Ek iS hf tm;ay;axmufco H rl sm;

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hJ @kdrajymawmhyg[k uwday;ygu ‚if;.vlrsm;udjk yefac:oGm;rnfjzpf
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arv(12)&ufae@n(8)em&DccJG ef@wiG f rd;k aumif;òr@d e,f/ ref&u G af us;&Gmt0if vrf;xdyw f iG f tiftm; (100)cef@
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t0ifwiG f =uH@z@HG tzG@J 0ifrsm;u “jynfytm;ud;k ykqed &f ;kd / tqd;k jrif0g'rD sm;tm; qef@usi=f u” pmom;yg&o dS nfh
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9
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tiftm; (100)cefŒ &Sd }uHŒzGHŒtzGJŒ0ifrsm;u pmwrf;rsm;ukdifaqmifI atmf[pfaESmifh,Sufae-upOf
24
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aumif;&m &Gmta&muf }uHŒzGHŒtzGJŒ0ifrsm;u qdkif;bkwfrsm; udkifaqmifI qENjyaESmifh,SufaepOf
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em;+rKd @t0if eef;auG@ww H m;teD;wGif =u@H z@HG tzG@J 0if(300)cef@u vrf;ab;0J,mrS “jynfytm;ud;k ykqed &f ;kd / jynfe,f
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f ;D olrsm;tm;-qef@usi=f u/” “trsKd ;omoem cd;k ,lzsuq f ;D olrsm;tm;-
qef@usi=f u/ acsre_ ;f =u”[k ydpk wmrsm;ESit hf 0wfezl;pnf;rsm;udk udik af qmifv#uo f mG ;rnfvh rf;wGif ydwq f @kd [ef@
10
wm; qlyal ESmif, h u
S cf o hJ nf? qef@usiq f ENjyrnfo h rl sm;ESihf rvSr;f rurf;wGif t"du&k%;f ESrd ef if;a&; vHx k ed ;f
11
&Jwyfom;rsm;tm; 'kw'f ikd ;f rsm;udik af qmif+yD; toifah pmifq h ikd ;f ae=uonfuakd wG@&onf? av;*Grsm;/ pufb;D oH;k
abmrsm;/ avmufpmvH;k rsm;/ "g;wdrk sm; udu k ikd af qmifv#uf qlyal ESmif, h uS af eonfukd vHjk cHKa&;rsm;u rnfo@kd r#
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[ef@wm;jcif; r&Scd ahJ y/
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&GmewfpifteD;rS =uH@z@HG tiftm;(200)cef@u uef@uu G &f w_ cf saESmif,
h u
S cf =hJ uonf/ 2003 ckEpS /f arv(19)&uf
0dkif;armfòrdŒt0if aemifwmavaus;&GmewfpifteD;
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25
rEWav;wkdif;±kH;a&SŒrS apmifhqkdif;óudqkdae-uonfh jynfolvlxk}uD;tm;

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wkw/f "g;rsm;udik af qmifxm;ol =uH@cikd zf @HG +zdK;a&;tzG@J 0if(300)ausmcf ef@u vdik pf ifeyH gwjf ym; rygaomum;rsm;ESihf
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onf? Aef;armfòrd@&dS pnfyifom,maps;udv k nf; vltrsm; tjym; rpka0Edik af p&ef tm%mydik rf sm;uydwx f m;cJh
13
onf? tzG@J csKyftzG@J 0ifrsm;udk =uH@cikd zf @HG +zdK;a&;u wkw/f "g;rsm;udik af qmif+yD; vufeufuikd t f =urf; zuf[ef@wm;
14
aESmif,h u S of nfukd tm%mydik rf sm;u rnfo@kd r# wm;qD;[ef@wm;jcif;rjyKay?
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pcef;rª; &Jtyk 0f if;aX;ESihf v0uOD;pD;rª; OD;pdik ;f jrifo h ed ;f wd@k u rbdr;f zufo@kd u;l rnfh a&$vjD rpfurf;ab;&Sjd rpfqkH aus;&Gm
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15
onf? xd@k a=umifh rbdr;f òrd@o@kd c&D;qufxu G Ef ikd jf cif;r&Scd ahJ y? 16
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(25)&uf rd;k ukwòf rd@rS =uyfjyif+rdK@rod@k 0ifa&muf+yD; qufvufxu
G cf mG cJ&h m uoJtyk pf /k bdu
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26
tiftm;(400)ausmfcef@&Sd =uH@zGH@rsm;.uef@uGufqENjyaESmifh,Sufjcif;udkcHcJh&onf? a':atmifqef;pk=unfESifh

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17
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18
a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftzG@J 0ifrsm;u tjzpfreS u f akd jym=um;onft h cg udik af qmif
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28
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jynfolvlxku cJjzifhjyefvnfypfaygufojzifh a&SŒ avumrSefuJGcJh&aom 5u = 8175 'dkifem,mOf
vlxrk sm;t=um;ok@d “z,f&if z,f/ rz,f&if udk,fhtavmif;udk,faumuf”qd+k yD;/ w&=urf; xd;k 0ifarmif;ESi=f u
onf// vlxkrSm vrf;ab;ajr}uD;ay:rSomae+yD;}udKqdk=uaomfvnf;/ um;rwdkufrdap&ef xGufajy;=u&onf//
tqdyk gv&l rf;um;rsm;rSm oHjym;rsm;udw k ;D +yD;/ wkw/f "g;vufeufrsm;/ av;*Grsm; udik af qmifxm;}uonf// 24
tzG@J csKyftzG@J 0ifrsm;pD;eif;vmonfu h m;rsm;ESi, hf OS rf +d yDqykd gu udik af qmifxm;onf'h w k rf sm;ESihf xd;k rwwf/
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a':atmifqef;pk=unftm;ykwcf wfI “ukvm;udk tm;uk;d csio f vm;”pojzifh &efvo kd nfh pum;rsm;ajymqdk
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od@k a&mufonft h cg jynfov l x l t
k m;ajym=um;onfrh ed @f ceG ;f wGif ² ² ²
“=uHch ikd zf @HG òzd;k a&;tzG@J u w&m;Oya'eJ@rnDwu hJ pd aP wGuv kd yk af eygw,fqakd yr,fv h nf; tm%mydik f awGu
ta&;r,lb;l ? ta&;r,lawmh tm%mydik af wGuolw@kd vufrmS &dw S ,fqw kd o hJ abmxm;eJ@ usrwd@k uvnf; bmrS
rwke@f jyefb;l qdw k mudo k ad eawmh/ 'D=uHch ikd zf @HG òzd;a&;tzG@J uvnf; wpxufwp yd+k yD;awmhq;kd vmw,f? usrwd@k
'D rwW&mud/k pOfu h ;l udvk mwJt h cgrmS usnaf xmufaygu&f mG rSmusawmh wkwaf wG/ "m;awG/ avmufav;*GawG
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=um;cJhonf?
2003 ckEpS /f arv (26)&uf rwW&m+rdK@e,fo@kd a&muf&o dS nf/ nae(5)em&Dcef@ ykord }f uD;+rdK@e,f/ ykord af v;
&Gmod@k ta&mufwiG f tiftm; (600)ausm&f adS ESmif, h u S of rl sm;ESix hf yfr=H uHKawG@&+yD; nae(6;15) em&Dcef@wiG f
rE aW v;wdik ;f pnf;&H;k a&;tzG@J &;kH od@k jyefvnfa&muf&cdS o hJ nf? xdak e@n (7)em&Dc(JG 8)em&Dcef@wiG f a':atmifqef;
pk=unf.rde@f ceG ;f udek m;axmif&ef trSw(f 78-79)vrf;}um;wGit f oifah pmifq h ikd ;f ae=uonfh jynfov
l xl t k wGi;f
od@k ,mOfxed ;f &J.tultnDjzifh ,mOftrSwf 5u-8175'dik ef m,mOf(1)pD; twif;t"rR 0ifa&mufwu kd &f efóud;
26
pm;&mrS jynfov l x l u k cJjzifjh yefvnfypfayguo f jzifh xdu k m;.a&S@avumrSef uGcJ &hJ onf?
29
ucsifjynfe,fc&D;pOfwav#mufaESmifh,SufcH&r+rsm;tay:
aumfr&Sif.awGŒ&Sdcsufrsm;
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aumfr&Sifuatmufygtwdkif;awG@&SdcJhonf?
jynfaxmifpk}uHŒcdkifzGHŒ jzdK;a&;toif;}uD;. yg0ifywfoufr+
ucsijf ynfe,fpnf;&H;k a&;c&D;pOftwGi;f / aumvif;+rdK@e,frpS wifI a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf trsKd ;om;'Drkd

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'Dru
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jynfyowif;Xmersm;ESihf awG@qakH r;jref;onft h pDtpOfrsm;wGif =uHz@HG toif;u OD;aqmifyg0ifywfoufrr_ sm; &Sd
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vif;jcif; rjyKcJyh g?
30
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txd qef@usiq f ENjyrnfo h rl sm;u toifah pmifq h ikd ;f ae=ujcif;/
Oyrmtm;jzifh-
1? arv(10)&ufae@tif;awmfòrd@t0if&dS eef@oaJ us;&Gmod@k n(9)em&Dcef@wiG af &muf&&dS m =uH@z@HG tzG@J 0ifrsm;
u qENjy&efapmifq h ikd ;f ae=uonf?
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(100)cef@&=dS uH@z@HG tzG@J 0ifrsm;. aESmih, f u S rf u
_ =kd uHKawG@c&hJ onf?
3? arv(15)&ufae@eHeHeuf(4)em&DcGJcef@wGif erRw;D vrf;twdik ;f xGucf mG vm&m aumif;&m&Gm ta&mufwiG f
=uH@zGH@tzGJ@0ifrsm;.aESmifh,Sufr_udk=uHKawG@&onf?
4? arv(16)&uf eHeuf(6)em&Dcef@wGif jrpf}uD;em;òrd@o@kd qufvufxu G cf mG vm&m/ eHeuf (8)em&Dcef@wiG f
jrpf}uD;em;òrd@t0if eef;auG@ww H m;teD;wGif =uH@z@HG tzG@J 0if(300). qef@usiq f ENjy aESmif,h u
S rf u
_ &kd ifqikd &f onf?
5? arv(20)&ufAef;armfòrd@t0if oH;k rdik &f mG od@k eHeuf(3)em&DwiG af &muf&cdS o hJ nf xdak us;&GmwGif wkw/f "g;rsm;
udik af qmifxm;ol =uH@cikd zf @HG +zdK;a&;tzG@J 0if(300)ausmcf efu h vkid pf ifru
hJ m;rsm;/ qdik uf ,frsm;udak rmif;ESiI f Oya'udk
ajAmifususcsKd ;azmufI uef@uu G q
f ENjyaESmif, h u
S cf o
hJ nf?
31
6? arv(25)&uf n (7;00) em&Dcef@wGif/ pOfhul;òrd@e,f/ pOfhul;òrd@teD; usnfawmufaygufaus;&GmESifh

EG,&f akH us;&Gmta&mufwiG f qD'ifum;(11)pD;/ 'dik ef m(4)pD;/ [dik ;f vyf'(f 15)pD;wGif pD;eif;vdu k yf gorl sm;ESihf a'ocH
}uH@cikd zf @HG òzd;a&;pkpak ygi;f tiftm; (500)ausmcf ef@&=dS uH@z@HG tzG@J 0ifrsm; .aESmif, h u S jf cif;udk xyfr&H ifqikd }f uHKawG@c&hJ
onf?
a':atmifqef;pk=unf.ucsijf ynfe,fpnf;&H;k a&;c&D;pOfwavsmufwiG f a&$bòkd rd@e,frt S y usef òrd@e,frsm;
wGiq f ef@usiq f ENjyaESmif, h u S rf r_ sm;jzif&h ifqikd =f uHKawG@c&hJ onf? xl;jcm;onft h csut f aejzifh tcsKd @òrd@e,frsm;wGif
nOf@eufae+yDjzpfaomfvnf; qef@usiq f ENjyrnfo h rl sm;u òrd@t0ifaus;&Gmrsm;wGif apmifq h ikd ;f aeonfu h pd rP sm;
rSm oabm&d;k jzifah pmifq h ikd ;f aejcif; r[kwaf =umif;udk aumfr&Sit f aejzifo
h ;kH oyfawG@&&dS onf?
(Z) a':atmifqef;pk=unftm;qef@usifqENjyrnfholrsm; pD;eif;vdkufygvmonfhum;rsm;udkapmifh=uyf
vduk yf gvmonfh ,mOfxed ;f &Jrsm;u pepfwusarmif;ESiaf eonfh a':atmifqef;pk=unf.,mOfwef;rsm; tae
txm;ysuo f mG ;ap&efaESmif, h u h nf? 27
S &f mwGif 0dik ;f 0ef;yH@y;kd ulnaD y;cJo
a':atmifqef;pk=unf. ucsifjynfe,fpnf;&Hk;a&;c&D;pOftwGif; etzppftkyfpk. tm%mydkifrsm;u

a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS t hf rsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftzG@J 0ifrsm;udk =uHz@HG toif;0ifrsm;u qENjy[ef@wm;aESmifh
,SuEf ikd &f ef ,mOfxed ;f &Jrsm;/ jynfo@l &w J yfz@JG 0ifrsm;/ t"du&k%;f ESrd ef if;onfvh xkH ed ;f wyfrsm;ESihf ppfwyft&m&Sd
}uD;rsm;ud, k wf ikd f pDpOfneG =f um;vkyaf qmifco hJ nfukd txufaz: jyyg tcsut f vufrsm;t& xif&mS ;pGmawG@&&dS
onf?
1? jrefrmhtvif;owif;pm ZGev f (1)&ufae@ pm-9

2? jrefrmhtvif;owif;pm ZGev f (1)&ufae@ pm-9/ESihf udck ifO;D .oufaoxGuq f ckd su?f
3? trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. 2003 ckEpS /f arv(27)&ufae@ &ufpyJG ga=unmcsut f rSw-f 6(5§03)
4? jrefrmhtvif;owif;pm/armif&ifrid_ ;f aqmif;yg;?
6? tzG@J csKyftzG@J 0if/ teD;uyfvjkH cHKa&;wm0ef,cl o hJ l udck ifO;D .oufaoxGuq
f ckd su?f
7? trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. 2003 ckEpS af rv(27)&ufae@/&ufpyJG ga=unmcsut f rSw-f 6(5§03)
8? jrefrmhtvif;owif;pm/armif&ifrid_ ;f aqmif;yg;ESihf udck ifO;D .oufaoxGuq f ckd su?f
10? jrefrmhtvif;owif;pm/armif&ifrid_ ;f aqmif;yg;/
11? udck ifO;D .oufaoxGuq f ckd su?f
32
18? a':nGe@f neG @f . oufaoxGuq f ckd suf
19? a':nGe@f neG @f .xGuq f ckd suEf iS hf jynfyowif;Xmersm;ESijhf ynfwiG ;f rS tzG@J csKyftzG@J 0ifwOD;tm;awG@qkH
ar;jref;jcif;?
20? trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. 2003 ckEpS /f arv(27)&ufae@ &ufpyJG ga=unmcsut f rSw-f 6(5§03)?
21? a':nGe@f neG @f w@kd . oufaoxGucf su?f
22? trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf . 2003 ckEpS /f arv (27)&ufae@ &ufpyJG g a=unmcsut f rSwf 6 (5§03)?
23? jynfyowif;Xmersm;ESihf trsKd ;om;'Dru

kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftzG@J 0ifwOD;ESihf awG@qakH r;jref;csurf sm;?
24? jynfyowif;Xmersm;ESihf trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tzG@J 0ifwOD;ESiahf wG@qakH r;jref;csurf sm;?
25? a':nGe@f neG @f .oufaoxGuq f ckd suEf iS hf trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf . 2003 ckEpS /f arv (27)&ufae@
&ufpyJG g a=unmcsut f rSwf 6 (5§03)?
26? a':nGe@f neG @f . oufaoxGuq f ckd suEf iS hf jrefrmhtvif;owif;pm/ ZGev f (1)&ufae@
27? a':nGe@f neG @f EiS hf udrk if;ode;f wd@k .oufaoxGuq f ckd surf sm;?
33
34
tcef;( 3 )
'DyJ,if;vkyf}uHowfjzwfr+jzpfpOf
2000 ckEpS /f arv (6)&ufae@wiG f a':atmifqef;pk=unfonf aetdrt f us,cf sKyfcsxm;cH&jcif;rS jyefvnf

vGwaf jrmufvm+yD;aemuf (11) &ufae@ ZGev f 2002 rS pwifI 13-4 -2003 txd jrefrmEdik if w
H 0Sr;f wkid ;f ESihf
jynfe,f (12)ck&dS òrd@e,faygi;f (235)òrd@e,fo@kd c&D;vSnv
hf nfco
hJ nf?
2003 ckEpS /f arv (6) &ufae@rpS wifI rE aW v;wdik ;f / ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f / ucsijf ynfe,f/ &Sr;f jynfe,frsm;od@k
vSnv hf nfI tzG@J csKyf&;kH rsm; jyefvnfziG v hf pS af y;jcif;/ qdik ;f bkww f ifjcif;wk@d jyKvkycf o
hJ nf? arv (29)&ufae@wiG f
rE aW v;/ rH&k mG c&D;pOfukd pwifcyhJ gonf? xdu k o hJ @kd txufjrefrmjynfc&D;pOfuo kd mG ;vm&eftwGuf Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f
om,ma&;ESizhf @GòH z;d a&;aumifp/D òr@d e,f a&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Siw f @kdEiS hf óuw
d if oabmwlciG jhfyKcsurf sm; &,l+yD;rS txufyg
c&D;pOfrsm;udk pwifcjhJ cif;jzpfygonf?
rE aW v;òrd@rS arv(29)&ufae@ eHeufyikd ;f wGif tzG@J csKyftzG@J 0ifrsm; . armfawmf,mOf(7)pD;ESihf rE aW v;òrd@
aejynfov l x l rk sm;u vduk vf yH @kd aqmifonfh armfawmf,mOfrsm;/ armfawmfqikd u f ,ftpD; (20)ausmEf iS hf jynfov
l l
35
xktygt0if tiftm;(100)ausmjf zifh (38)vrf;taemufbufwnfw h nf(h 84)vrf; awmifbufrS pwifI ppfuikd ;f

od@k OD;wnfxu G cf mG cJyh gonf? a&S@ajy;vHjk cHKa&;tjzpf udEk ikd Ef ikd /f udak tmifatmifEiS hf tzG@J csKyf/ rE aW v;wdik ;f tzG@J 0if
ukrd sK;d rif;wd@k u um;wpD;jzifh óudwifxu G cf mG +yD; ,if;um;.aemufrS a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS t hf zJ@G 0ifrsm;. um;
rsm; vku d yf gvmcJyh gonf? ppfuikd ;f wHwm;udk eHeuf (10)em&Dcef@wiG f a&muf&cdS &hJ m/ ppfuikd ;f wHwm;tvGef ppfuikd ;f
òrd@t0if vrf;ab;0J/,mwGif =uH@cikd zf @G òH zda&;tzG@J 0ifrsm;/ tiftm;(200)cef@u “=uH@cikd zf @G jH zdK;a&;tm; raxmufcH
olrsm; tvdrk &S”d [lonfh qdik ;f bkwrf sm;udik af qmifxm;+yD; E_wrf v S nf; xdpk mom; rsm;twdik ;f aºuG;a=umfqENjy
atmf[pfaeonfukd pwif=uHKawG@&onf? xdo k rl sm;udak usmv f eG v f monft h cg ppfuikd ;f òrd@&dS jynfov l x
l t k iftm;
2000 ausmw f @kd u “a':atmifqef;pk=unf use;f rmygap”/ “bbOD;wifO;D use;f rmygap/” [k qkreG af umif;rsm;
awmif;I jynfov l xl .k qENukd xkwaf zmfjyo+yD; v_u d v f pJS mG =udKqdck =hJ uonf? 1
ppfuikd ;f òrd@rS jrif;rlòrd@o@kd qufvufxu G cf mG vm&m jrif;rlòrd@o@kd ae@vnf (12) em&Dcef@wiG f a&muf&cdS yhJ gonf?
xdkodk@ oGm;vmonfhc&D;wavsmufwGif a':atmifqef;pk=unfwdk@.,mOfwef;aemufrS ,mOfxdef;&Jrsm;/ ppf
axmufvrS ;f a&;wyfz@JG 0ifrsm;vdu k yf gI "gwyf &kH u kd jf cif;/ AG'D ,D u kd ifr&mjzifh rSww f rf;wifjcif; ponfw@kd ukd jyKvky=f u
2
ygonf? jrif;rlòrd@o@kd a&muf&o dS nft h cg tzG@J csKk yf jrif;rlòrd@e,f&;kH qdik ;f bkww f if+yD;/ vli,ftzG@J zG@J pnf;a&;wd@k ukd
txufjrefrmEdkifiHvli,fzGJ@pnf;a&;wm0efcH/ v,fa0;òrd@e,f trSwf(1)rJqENe,frS vGwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
udw k ifxÉG Of ;D u OD;aqmifI jrif;rlòrd@e,f vli,ftzG@J ukd zJ@G pnf;ay;cJyh gonf?xdt k csed wf iG f jrif;rlòrd@e,f/ tzG@J csKyf&;kH
.tjyifzufwiG f um;(5)pD;udak wG@&&dS +yD; xku d m;rsm;ay:wGif &Jwyfz@JG 0ifrsm;/ t&Hr;D owf wyfz@JG 0ifrsm;/ jynfo@l prG ;f
tm;&Sit f zG@J 0ifrsm;/ òrd@e,f at;csr;f om,ma&;ESifh zH@G +zdK;a&;aumifpt D zG@J 0ifrsm;/ =uhzH @HG toif;0ifrsm; ponfw@dk udk
awG@&onf? um;wpD;ay:wGif jynfo@l prG ;f tm;&Sif [laom pmvk;H udk ydwpf tjzLay:wGif tpdr;f a&mifjzifh a&;om;
xm;onf? jrif;rlòr@d rS jyefvnfxu G cf mG onft h cg a':atmifqef;pk=unf. ,mOfwef;rsm; aemufrS txufaz: jyyg
um;(5)pD;onf a&yd;k pm;aus;&Gmtxd vdu k yf gco hJ nfukd jrifawG@&ygonf? 3
jrif;rlòrd@rS rH&k mG òrd@o@kd nae (3) em&Dausmw f iG f pwifxu G cf mG cJ&h m jrif;rlòrd@EiS ahf csmif;OD;od@k ra&mufrD a&yd;k pm;
aus;&GmteD;wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unf.,mOfwef;tm; wdu k cf ukd af ESmif, h uS &f ef pDrxH m;r_rsm;udk a&S@ajy;vHòk cHa&;
tjzpf wm0ef,x l m;onfh udak tmifatmifEiS hf udEk ikd Ef ikd w f @kd u pwifjrifawG@co hJ nf? qef@usiq f ENjy&ef apmifq h ikd ;f
36
aeolrsm;onf æ
“jynfytm;udk; ykqdef&dk;/ tqdk;jrif 0g'Drsm;tm; qef@usif=u”/ “jynfwGif;jynfy tzsuform;rsm;tm;
bH&k efot l jzpf owfrw S af csre_ ;f =u”/ “jrefrmEdik if u H kd Edik if w H umrS tultnDay;jcif;udk ydwyf ifaeoltm; tvdk
r&Sd”/ “wnf+idrfat;csrf;r_udk vdkvm;onf”/ “jrefrmEdkifiHodk@ urBmvSnfh c&D;oGm;rsm;rvmatmif ydwfyifae
olrsm;tm; tvdk r&Sd”/ “jrefrmEdkifiHtm; &if;ESD;jr‡KyfESHr_rsm; rvmatmif ydwfyifaeolrsm;tm; tvdk r&Sd”/
“vdk&moHk; 'Drdkua&pD tvdk r&Sd” ponfh pmom;rsm; yg0ifonfh qdkif;bkwfrsm;udk udkifaqmifIvnf;aumif;/
a=uG;a=umforH sm;jzifh atmf[pfIvnf;aumif; qef@usif qENjycJ=h uonf? 4 xdo k @kd qef@usif qENjy=uonfh olrsm;
onfjrif;rlEiS hf rH&k mG vrf;c&D;wavsmuf vrf;r}uD;ay:wGiw f nf&adS eonfh aus;&Gmrsm;rS aus;&Gmol/ aus;&Gmom;
rsm; r[kw=f uay// tb,fa=umifq h akd omf xdk a&yd;k pm;aus;&GmESihf teD;w0du k w f iG f vrf;r}uD;udk ar;wifvsuf
wnf&adS eonfh aus;&Gmrsm; r&Sad y? xdak e&mwGif qef@usiq f ENjyrnfh trsKd ;orD;rsm;/ trsKd ;om;rsm;ESihf ‚if;wd@k
udik af qmifxm;onfh qdik ;f bkwrf sm;/ xdo k rl sm;udwk ifaqmifvmonfu h m;rsm;udak wG@&dS &ygonf? xdu k m;rsm;udk
apmif=h uyfvu kd yf gvmonfh ,mOfxed ;f &Jrsm;/ &J0efxrf;rsm;/ ppfwyfrS Adv k rf ;_ =u;D tqif&h o dS rl sm;/ vHx
k ed ;f (t"du&k%;f
EdrS ef if;a&;wyfz@GJ )um;rsm;/ ppfum;rsm;/ wyfrawmfwyfxed ;f um;rsm;/ vrf;ab; 0J,mrS xaemif;yif/ wrmyifrsm;
. aemufu, G &f dS csKH ykwrf sm;udk tumtuG,, f I l tm%mykid w f @dk .um;rsm; &yfwef@xm;onfudk awG@&onf?
vrf;ab;0J,mwGif =uH@z@HG tzG@J 0ifrsm;ESihf qef@usiq f ENjyrnfo h rl sm;u‘rH&k mG -ref;/ csi;f wGi;f om;’ ponhf c&D;onf
wifvikd ;f um;rsm;udk tok;H jyK=uonf? cef@reS ;f ajc armfawmf ,mOftpD;(30)cef@ukd xdak e&mwGijf rifawG@&onf?
xdak e&mwGif teD;uyf}uD;=uyfaeolrmS ucsijf ynfe,fc&D;pOfwavsmuf a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf trsKd ;om;
'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tzG@J 0ifrsm;tm; vdu k v f aH ESmif, h uS cf o hJ nfh OD;aX;atmifqo kd jl zpfygonf? azmfjyyg qENjyqef@
usirf nho f rl sm;ESiahf wG@qo kH nfth cg owif;ESijfh yef=um;a&;tzJ@G wm0efcjH zpfol udo k ed ;f pd;k u"gwyf &kH u
kd ,f +l yD;/ udx
k eG ;f
5
aZmfaZmfu AG'D , D u kd ifr&mjzifh rSww f rf;wifum udjk rifah usmu f toHzrf;,lrw S w f rf;wifcyJh gonf?
apmifóh uad eonfv h rl sm;.teD;w0du k f vrf;r}u;D wavsmufwiG f vrf;cif;ausmufrsm;udk vrf;jyif&ef r[kwb f J
ta=umif;rJt h oifph yk x kH m;onfuv kd aJ wG@&&dS ygonf? a':atmifqef;pk=unf.,mOfwef; jrif;rlòrd@rS xGucf mG vm
37
onft h csed w f iG f rH&k mG òrd@rS rE aW v;òrd@o@kd ajy;qGaJ eonfh c&D;onfwif vdik ;f um;rsm;ud&k yfem;xm;&ef oufqikd &f m
tm%mydik rf sm;u trde@f xw k w f m;jrpfxm;jcif;/ a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; vma&mufóudq=kd urnfh rH&k mG òrd@cH
vlxt k m; rH&k mG òrd@rS xGucf mG jcif; rjyK&ef wm;jrpf ydwyf ifxm;jcif; ponfw@kd rmS a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf tzG@J csKyf
tzG@J 0ifrsm;ud[ k ef@wm;aESmif, h u S &f ef tm%mydik rf sm;.pHepfwus óudwifppD Ofrr_ sm;yif jzpfonf? od@k aomfvnf;
acsmif;OD;òrd@EiS hf rH&k mG òrd@rsm;rSvma&mufóudq=kd uonfh jynfov l x l .
k tiftm;rsm;jym;aeonft h wGuf etz.
pDpOfne$ =f um;r_rsm;jzifv h yk af qmifaeonfh =uH@z@HG tzG@J taejzifh a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J
csKyf tzG@J 0ifrsm;tm; t=urf;zuf&u kd Ef uS &f ef raqmif&u G Ef ikd cf ahJ y?
rH&k mG òrd@o@kd nae(6)em&DwiG f qdu k af &muf&m/ rH&k mG òrd@oòl rd@om;rsm;/ a'ocHjynfov l x
l rk sm;u a':atmif
qef;pk=unfEiS hf tzG@J csKyftzG@J 0ifrsm;tm; v_u d v f pJS mG óudq=kd uonf? a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd rH&k mG òrd@o@kd a&muf&dS
csed w
f iG f tm%mydik rf sm;u rH&k mG òrd@ wòrd@v;kH tm; v#ypf pfr;D rsm;jzwfawmufxm;aomfvnf; rH&k mG òrd@aejynfov l x l k
u za,mif;wdik rf sm;xGe;f n‡I d “a':atmifqef;pk=unf use;f rmygap/ bbOD;wifO;D use;f rmygap” pojzifh aºuG;
a=umfqak wmif;arwWmyd@k o+yD;/ aomif;aomif; jzjz óudq=kd uygonf? a':atmifqef;pk=unfu vma&mufc&D;OD;
óudqo kd nfh rH&k mG òrd@&dS jynfov l x l u k kd rdepf(40)cef@ rde@f ceG ;f ajym=um;cJo h nf? xdn
k (9) em&DcJG wGiaf ':atmifqef;
pk=unfu rH&k mG òrd@e,f&;kH jyefvnfziG v hf pS yf EJG iS hf qdik ;f bkww f iftcrf;tem;rsm; jyKvkycf yhJ gonf? rH&k mG òrd@e,f trsKd ;
om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf/ òrd@e,fvil ,fvyk if ef;tzG@J z@JG pnf;a&;udk n(12) em&DrS (2)em&Dtxd rH&k mG òrd@e,f rJqENe,f
trSw(f 1) jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f Adv k rf ;_ a[mif; OD;=unfp;kd .aetdrf (pderf #m;pwd;k )Y jyKvky+f yD;xdtk rd f
wGif wnwm ntdy&f yfem;cJyh gonf6?
arv(30)&ufae@eeH ufyidk ;f wGif rH&k mG òr@d &dS aZmwduausmif;q&mawmftm; a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf OD;wifO;D

wd@k 0ifa&mufz;l ar#mcf o
hJ nf? xd@k aemuf OuUaH wm&ausmif;od@k 0ifa&mufz;l ajrmf&efppD Ofxm;aomfvnf;/ tpDtpOf
udzk suIf eHeuf(10)em&Dcef@wiG f rH&k mG òrd@/ òrd@ywfvrf;rSwqifh bkwvifòrd@o@kd qufvufxu G cf mG cJyh gonf? ZD;awm
aus;&GmteD;&Sd taemufajrmufwikd ;f ppfXmecsKyfteD;od@k a&muf&o dS nft
h cg ppfwyftm%mydik rf sm;u a':atmif
qef;pk=unfESifhtzGJ@csKyftzGJ@0ifrsm; pDeif;vdkufygonfh,mOfrsm;ESifh rHk&Gmòrd@rSvdkufvHydk@aqmifonfh ,mOfrsm;udk
&yfwef@wm;qD;+yD; rH&k mG rSvukd v
f yH @kd onfo h rl sm;udk bkwvifòrd@txdom vdu k yf gciG jhf yKcJyh gonf? a':atmifqef;pk
38
=unfEiS hf tzG@J csKyftzG@J 0ifrsm; bkwvifòrd@o@kd a&muf&o dS nft h cg bkwvifòrd@e,f/ tzG@J csKyf&;kH zGiv hf pS yf EJG iS hf qdik ;f bkwf
wifyJG usi;f y+y;D / tzG@J csKyfvil ,fz@JG pnf;a&;udk aqmif&u G cf ohJ nf? rH&k mG rS vdu k yf gy@kd aqmifonf, h mOfrsm;/qdik u f ,frsm;
u bkwvifòrd@rS rH&k mG od@k jyefvnfxu G cf mG oGm;=uonf? xdo k @kd xu G cf mG oGm;onfo h rl sm; taemufajrmufwikd ;f
ppfXmecsKyfteD;&Sd ZD;awmaus;&Gmodk@a&muf&Sdonfhtcg toifhapmifhqdkif;aeonfh&Jrsm;. &dkufESufzrf;qD;jcif;
udk cH=u&onf? xdo k wif;udk a':atmifqef;pk=unf =um;odonft h cg xkad e&mod@k ppfuidk ;f wkid ;f OuUX OD;bmbm.
um;jzifv h u kd o
f mG ;&ef bkwvifòr@d e,f trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf OuUX OD;atmifqef;ESihf OD;xGe;f òrid f (0ufvufòr@d
e,f/ jynfo@l vw G af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,/f ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f pnf;&H;k a&;r_;) wd@k tm; oGm;a&mufajz&Si;f &ef a':atmifqef;pk
=unfrS ajym=um;cJo h nf?
bkwvifòrd@rS pwifI vufwiG v f ufywfrsm;ywfxm;onfb h ek ;f }uD;rsm;/ =uH@z@GH tzG@J 0ifrsm;/ jynfo@l prG ;f tm;
&Sirf sm; tygt0ifvt l rsm;tjym;udk wifaqmifxm;onfu h m;rsm;tm; rH&k mG rS bkwvifòrd@t0if ("gwq f aD &mif;
7
onfh ae&mrsm;)wGif pwif awG@&&dS ygonf?
xd@k a=umifh a&S@ajy;vHjk cHKa&;tjzpfomG ;aeonfh udEk ikd Ef ikd /f udak tmifatmifEiS u hf rkd sKd ;rif;wd@k tm; owd 0d&, d
&S&d ef/ tif;awmfòr@d e,f/ vGwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,jf zpfol OD;apmv_id Ef iS hf óuw d ifnEdS i_d ;f vkyaf qmif&efEiS hf tu,fIum;
jzihf vma&mufta=umif; r=um;Ekid yf gu qdik u f ,fjzift h a=umif;=um;Edik &f ef udw k ifxÉG Of ;D u udak usmaf tmif
udk wqufwnf; wm0efay;cJyh gonf?
nae( 4) em&D rdepf (30)cef@tcsed w f iG f bkwvifòrd@rS 'Dy, J if;òrd@o@kd qufvufxu G cf mG cJyh gonf? xdo kd @kd
xGucf mG vm&m pdik jf yif&mG od@k ta&mufwiG f zrf;qD;xdr;f odr;f jcif;cHxm;&aom vGwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;0if;jrifh
atmif.aetdro f @kd 0ifa&mufI a':atmifqef;pk=unfu ‚if;.rdom;pk0ifrsm;/ a'ocHtzJ@G csKyftzG@J 0ifrsm;udk
tm;ay;pum;ajym=um;cJhonf?
ar(30)&ufae@ eHeufwiG f a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf tzG@J csKyftzG@J 0ifrsm;oGm;a&mufrnfh 'Dy, J if; c&D;pOf
twGuf vrf;c&D;vHkòcHa&;udk pHkprf;&efxGufcGmoGm;onfh OD;0if;jrifhatmif.om;jzpfolESifh ‚if;.qdkifu,ftm;
tm%mydik rf sm;u 'Dy, J if;&Jpcef;wGif tus,cf sKyfjzifóh udwifI zrf;qD;xm;cJo h nf? 8 'Dy, J if;òrd@o@kd ra&mufrD
pdik jf yif}uD;wGif ,mOfwef; a&S@ajy;vHjk cHKa&;tjzpf apvGwx f m;onfh um; jyefvnf a&mufvmjcif; r&So d nft h wGuf
armfawmfqikd u f ,frsm;udk pHpk rf;&ef xyfraH pvGwcf yhJ gonf? od@k aomf xdk armfawmfqikd u f ,frsm;vnf; jyefvnf
9
a&muf&v dS mjcif; r&Syd g?
xk@d aemuf qufvufxu G cf mG vm&m tcsi;f jzpfymG ;onfh usn&f mG od@k n(8)em&Dcef@wiG f a&muf&cdS yhJ gonf?
'Dy, J if;òrd@o@kd a&muf&ef (2) rdik cf ef@omvdyk gonf? usn&f mG od@k a&mufonft h csed w f iG f a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf
tzJ@G csKyf tzG@J 0ifrsm;tm; &Gmol&mG om;rsm;uvma&mufóudq=kd uonf? tcif;jzpfymG ;onft h csed w f iG f 'kw, d OuUX
OD;wifO;D pD;eif;vdu k yf gvmonfh awmif;athpt f rsKd ;tpm; ,mOftrSw7u§5661 f7u§5661 u a&S@q;kH wGi&f adS eygonf?
xdu k m;.aemufwiG f rE aW v;wdik ;f rS OD;udu k akd v;armif;ESio f nfh [dik ;f vyfum;jzpfygonf? xdu k m;.aemufwiG f
a':atmifqef;pk=unfp;D eif;vdu k yf gvmonfh um;trSwt f §5415jzpf+yD; xdu k m;.aemufwiG f (aps;csKd rS) OD;xGe;f
0if;eSihf OD;cifarmifaomif;wd@k yg0ifonhu f m; vku d yf gvmonf? pwkwaˆ jrmufum;rSm teD;uyfvjkH cHKa&; wm0ef
,lxm;onfh rE aW v;òrd@e,f/ vli,ftzG@J 0ifrsm;.um; ([dik ;f vuf trsKd ;tpm;/ tpdr;f a&mif) jzpfygonf? ‚if;um;
.aemufwiG f pOfu h ikd òf rd@e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (2)rSvw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f a'guw f mvSp;kd nGe@f .um; (qefeD
tjzLa&mif) vdu k yf gvmonf? xdu k m;rsm;. aemufwiG f tzG@J csKyftzJ@G 0ifrsm;.um;rsm; tpDt&D vdu k yf g vm=u
onf?
usn&f mG rS udu k (f 100)cef@ ausmv f eG v
f monft h csed w f iG f a':atmifqef;pk=unf pD;eif;vdu k yf gvmonfh armf
awmf,mOfukd bke;f }uD;(2)yg;u a&@rS yS w d q f @kd +yD; &yfwef@cikd ;f ygonf? xdt k csed w f iG f tzJ@G csKyf A[kv d il ,ftzJ@G vkòH cH
a&;wm0efcH udx k eG ;f aZmfaZmfu armfawmfum;ay:rSqif;I tusKd ;ta=umif;udak r;jref;avsmufxm;&m xdk bke;f
39
}uD;u“igw@kd apmifah ewm =um+yD/ a':atmifqef;pk=unfukd rde@f ceG ;f ajymcdik ;f yg”[k ajymqdyk gonf/ xdt k cg udx
k eG ;f
10
aZmfaZmf u tcsed rf &ojzihf rde@f ceG ;f ajymEdik rf nf r[kwaf =umif; &Si;f jyav#mufxm;ygonf//
xdkodk@&Sif;jyaepOf a':atmifqef;pk=unfESifh tzGJ@csKyf tzGJ@0ifrsm;/ vdkufvHydk@aqmifonfh jynfolvlxk.
armfawmf,mOfrsm;aemufrv S u kd yf gvmonfh vltjynfh wifaqmifxm;aom 'dik ef mum;rsm;ESihf ta0;ajy;c&D;onf
wif um;rsm;ay:rS vlrsm;u ‘jynfytm;ud;k ykqed &f ;kd / tqd;k jrif0g'rD sm;tm; tvdrk &S[ d ’k t}udr}f udraf tmf[pf+yD;
um;rsm;ay:rSqif;vm=uonf? xdktcsdefwGif a':atmifqef;pk=unf ESifhtzGJ@csKyftzGJ@0ifrsm;tm; vma&muf
óudq=kd uonfh usn&f mG rS &Gmom;rsm;u ‘'d@k jynfov l x l uk vnf; rif;wd@k ukd tvdk r&d’S [k wke@f jyef aºuG;a=umf=uyg
onf? 11 xdt k cg =uhzH @HG tzG@J 0ifrsm;/ tca=u;aiGay;I iSm;&rf;xm;onfo h rl sm;/ bke;f }uD; twkrsm;u “rif;wd@k
bmajymwm vJ” [kq+kd yD; um;rsm;ay:wGif toif, h al qmifvmonfh oHc|erf sm;/ oH'w k rf sm;/ 0g;&if;wkwrf sm;/
opfom;'kwrf sm; udik af qmifI um;ay:rSqif;vm+yD;/ &Gmol&mG om;rsm; ESihf a':atmifqef;pk=unf tygt0if
um;ay:rS tzGJ@csKyf tzGJ@0ifrsm;/ t&yfom;rsm;udk twif;t"rR0ifa&mufI pHepfwus &dkufESuf=uonf? 12
xd@k a=umifh usn&f mG rSa':atmifqef;pk=unftm; vma&mufóudq=kd uonfjh ynfov l x
l rk mS ajcOD;wnf&h mudk xGuf
ajy;wdr;f a&Smif=u&onf? &kww f &ufaemufr0S ifa&mufI wdu k cf ukd jf cif;udck &H onft h wGu, f mOfwef;.aemuf
qH;k wGif vdu k yf gvmonfo h rl sm;rSm trsm;tjym; tjyif;txef&u kd Ef u S jf cif;cH=u&onf?
vufywfrsm;ywfxm;onfb h ek ;f }uD;twkrsm;/ vufywftjzLywfxm;onfh t&yf0wfEiS v hf rl sm;u xdo k @kd
tqufrjywf&dkufESufaepOf E_wfrSvnf; “trsdK;zsufrawG/ ukvm;udk vifawmfcsifwJholawG/ ukvm;udk
vifrvkycf if igw@kd ukd t&ifvifvyk ”f ponfh &ke@f &if;=urf;wrf;aompum;rsm;jzifh }udr;f 0g;cJo h nf? '%f&mjzifh
vJaeonfh trsKd ;orD;rsm;. tzG@J csKyfwn l 0D wfpkH yife&D ifz;kH tusrô sm;/ a,mxrDrsm;udk qGcJ |wjf cif;/ qHyifukd vufjzifh
&pfywfqyk u f ikd I
f uwW&mvrf;ESihf rsuEf mS tm;qGaJ qmifjh cif; wd@k ukd touftE &W m,fxcd u dk af ponftxd ,kwrf m
13
&dik ;f pdik ;f pGm jyKrlaqmif&u G cf yhJ gonf// xd@k tjyif '%f&m&olrsm;. qGóJ ud;rsm;/ em;uyfrsm;/ aiGa=u;rsm;udv k nf;
14
twif;t"rR vk,uf,il ifcyhJ gonf?
,mOfwef;rsm;.aemufrv S u kd v f monfh t=urf;zuf&u kd Ef u S of rl sm;onf a':atmifqef;pk=unf pD;eif;vdu k f

ygvmonfh armfawmf,mOf.0Jbufjcrf;udk t"duxd;k azmuf&u kd Ef u S cf =hJ uonf? xk@d a=umihf armfawmf,mOfab;
wGif txyfxyf vufjcif;qufI um&Hay;xm;onfh vuf0b J ufjcrf;rS vk+H cKHa&;wm0ef,x l m;olrsm;jzpfonfh
tzG@J csKyf A[dv k il ,fvjHk cHKa&;tzG@J 0ifrsm;/ rE aW v;rSvu kd yf gvmonfh vHjk cHKa&;tzG@J 0ifrsm;ESihf rH&k mG òrd@rS vdu k yf gvm
onfh vli,ftzG@J 0ifrsm;/ pD;yGm;a&;wuUov kd af usmif;om;rsm; trsm;tjym; tjyif;txef xdcu kd 'f %f&m &&Scd hJ
onf? 15 OD;acgi;f udk raorcsi;f tjyif;txef±u dk Ef u S o f nft h wGuf rE aW v;wdik ;f / (taemufawmifòrd@e,f tzG@J csKyf
pnf;&H;k a&;r_;) wOD;jzpfol udo k ed ;f wd;k at;/ rE aW v;wdik ;f tzG@J csKyrf S "gwyf q kH &m udw k ifarmifO;D / ,mOfarmif;jzpfol udpk ef;
16
jrif(h ac: )ud&k m*sL;wd@k rmS xdak e&mwGiyf if yGcJ si;f jyD;aoqH;k cJ&h onf?
xdok @kd t=urf;zufvyk =f uHowfjzwfaeonft h csed w f iG f a':atmifqef;pk=unf.um;onf t=urf;zuf 0dik ;f
0ef;&du k Ef uS af eonf=h um;rS twif;jzwfausmaf rmif;xGucf &hJ onf? a':atmifqef;pk=unfvu kd yf gonfu h m; armif;
xGuo f mG ;jyD;aemuf qnfajrmif;0if;teD;od@k ta&mufwiG f vrf;ab;0J/,mrS toifah pmifq h ikd ;f aeonfh vl(4000)
cef@u usn&f mG rS xGuaf jy;vGwaf jrmufvmolrsm;tm; qnfajrmif;0if;a&S@rq S ;D óudI xyfrH t=urf;zuf &du k Ef u
S f
17
=ujyefonf? xdt k csed w
f iG “f xGu/f wdu k ”f qdo k nfh trde@f ay;oHEiS t hf wl toifah pmifq h ikd ;f aeaom 'dik ef mESppf ;D u
a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd p;D vmonfu h m;udk rsuEf mS csi;f qdik rf S 0ifwu kd &f ef qnfajrmif;0if;twGi;f rS armif;xGuf
vmygonf? xdk 'dik ef mum;(2)pD;udak &Smifwrd ;f jyD; a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd .um;u oHq;l óud;wef;(3)ckukd quf
wduk f 0ifwu kd +f yD; ausmjf zwfxu G o f mG ;ygonf? xdo k @kd wdu k xf u G o f mG ;csed rf mS yif “ypf” [k trde@f ay;onfh toHEiS hf
18
twl (10)csuf (15)csuf qufwu dk yf pfcwfco hJ nf? od@k aomf a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf a'guw f m vSp;kd nGe@f w@kd
40
pD;eif;vdu k yf gvmonfu h m;rsm;onf ‚if;wd@k tm; 0ifa&mufwu kd cf u

kd o f nfh 'dik ef mum;(2)pD; ESiv hf yk =f uHowfjzwf
rnfv h t l yk }f uD;udk twif;jzwfausmu f mtoufpeG @f armif;ESicf o hJ jzifh a':atmifqef;pk=unf.um;onf a&OD;òrd@
t0iftxd‚if;/ a'guw f m vSp;kd nGe@f .um;onf 'Dy, J if;jrKd @ e,faq;&Ho k @kd ‚if;a&muf&cdS jhJ y;D / toufab; tE &W m,frS
vGwfajrmufcJhonf?
rE Wav;wkdif;/pnf;&Hk;a&;r_;jzpfola':0if;jrjr pD;eif;vdkufygvmonfhum;rSm um;csif;0ifa&mufwdkuf&ef
usnf&GmteD;&Sd qnfajrmif;0if;twGif;rS armif;xGufvmonfh 'dkifemum;(2)pD;udka&Smifwdrf;&if; vrf;ab;&Sd
ukuKdU yiftm; 0ifa&mufwu kd rf o d nf@twGuf a':0if;jrjrrSm vuf(2)zufusKd ;onftxd '%f&mjyif;xefpmG &&Scd hJ
onf?
xdo k @kd &ke;f &if;qefcwfjzpfaepOf a':atmifqef;pk=unf.um; armif;xGuo f mG ;+y;D aemuf tzG@J csKyf 'kw, d OuUÏ
OD;wifO;D vdu k yf gvmonfh armfawmf,mOfuv kd nf; t=urf;zuforl sm;u twif;t"rR0ifa&muf&u kd Ef uS =f uyg
onf? xdak e&mwGif OD;wifO;D ESit hf wl&adS e=uonfh OD;wifatmifatmif/ tygt0if(5)OD;udk &Jwyfz@JG 0ifrsm;u tcsi;f
jzpf usn&f mG teD;rSzrf;qD;jy;D 'Dy, J if;òr@d e,f&pJ cef;od@k nwGi;f csi;f ac:aqmifomG ;ygonf? udw k ifxËG Of ;D / udak wZEdik /f
udvk OS ;D ESihf tjcm; tzG@J csKyf tzG@J 0ifrsm;tm;arv(31)&ufae@eeH uf usn&f mG teD;wGiaf &$bckd &dik (f c,u)OuUX
jzpfoOl ;D pD;onfh vHjk cHKa&;tzG@J 0ifrsm;u zrf;qD;cJ+h yD; 'Dy, J if;&Jpcef;od@k yd@k aqmifco hJ nf? 19 xdo k rl sm;udk ZGev f (1)
&ufae@wiG f a&$bakd xmifo@kd yd@k aqmifco hJ nf?
xdo k @kd 0ikd ;f 0ef;I t=urf;zufvyk =f uHowfjzwf&u

kd Ef uS =f uolrsm;onf e,fajrtvdu k f a'oqdik &f m =uH@cikdf zf @HG òzd;
a&;tzG@J rsm;u tca=u;aiGjzifih mS ;&rf;xm;olrsm;jzpf+y;D pkpak ygi;f tiftm;(5000)cef@ 20 &Syd gonf? a':atmifqef;
pk=unfEiS hf tzG@J csKyf tzG@J 0ifrsm;tjyif vma&mufóudq=kd uonfh a'ocHjynfov l x
l t
k m; pHepfwus óudwifjyifqif
I (3)em&Dausmrf # aoap&eft=uHjzifh t=urf;zuf &du k Ef uS af csre_ ;f cJjh cif; jzpfonf?
n (11)em&Dausmcf ef@wiG f xdak e&mod@k 'dik ef mum;(4)pD;jzifh 'dik ;f rsm;/ wkwrf sm;udik af qmifxm;onfh &Jwyfz@GJ 0if
rsm;/ jynfo@l prG ;f tm;&Sirf sm;21 (*0)cef@EiS hf xdu k m;rsm;.aemufwiG f yg*s&J ;kd um;ESihf qifwo l nfu h m;(2)pD; a&muf&dS
vmonf? xdu k m;(2)pD;ay:rS t&m&S(d 2)OD;qif;vm+yD; t=urf;zuf&u kd Ef u
S of wfjzwfonfah e&mufdk vSnv hf nf
=unf&h p_ pfaq;onf? &Jwyfz@GJ 0if(80)cef@u '%f&m&olrsm;/ tavmif;rsm;udk ‚if;wd@k p;D eif;vdu k yf gvmonfh 'dik ef m
um;rsm;ay:od@k tr_u d yf pfouJo h @kd ypfwifI wifaqmifomG ;ygonf? tcsi;f jzpfymG ;&mwGif use&f cdS o hJ nf,h mOfrsm;
teuf [dik ;f vyfum;(2)pD;udk v,fuiG ;f twGi;f od@k weG ;f csjyD; wdr;f arSmufonfyh pkH EH iS q hf ifwal p&ef jyifqif=uonf?
,mOfwef;twGi;f rS tjcm; [dik ;f vyfum;(2)pD;udv k nf; acgi;f csi;f qdik I f wdu k o f nfth aetxm;od@k ajymif;a&G@
jyifqif+yD;rS AG'D , D jkd zifrh w
S w f rf;wifjcif;/ "gwyf rkH sm;&du k , f jl cif;wd@k ukd jyKvkycf yhJ gonf? 22 ysupf ;D aeonf@um;rsm;
teuftcsKd @ukd a&OD;òrd@bufo@kd weG ;f Io,faqmifomG ;onfuv kd nf; rsujf rifoufaotcsKd @u awG@&cdS o hJ nf? 23
'Dy,
J if; vky=f uHowfjzwfr}_ uD;.jzpfpOfukd ud, k w
f ikd jf rifawG@c&hJ onfh rsujf rifoufaorsm;/ &du k Ef uS jf cif;cH&onfh
24
olrsm;. xkwaf zmfajymqdck surf sm;t& rH&k mG òr@d e,f=u@H cikd zf @HG jzKd ;a&;toif;twGi;f a&;rª; OD;aX;atmif ESihf a&$bckd &dik f
(c,u) OuUXjzpfol 'kw, d Advk rf ;ª }uD;oef;[ef 25 tygt0if a'oqdik &f m tm%mydik rf sm;u pHepfwusóudwif
pDpOfvyk af qmifcahJ =umif; ay:ayguo f nf? tm%mydik rf sm;. yHy;kd ulnrD a_ =umift h =urf;zuf&u kd Ef u S of rl sm;u twifh
&JpmG jzif&h u
kd Ef u
S jf cif;/ aiGa=u;ESiv hf uf0wf&wemrsm;tm; vk,ufjcif;/trsKd ;orD;rsm;.t0wftpm;rsm;udk vl
rqefpmG qkw+f zJjcif;/c|wyf pfjcif;wd@k ukd vkyaf qmifc=hJ uonf? tjypfru hJ sn&f mG ol&mG om;rsm;/ a':atmifqef;pk
=unf.um;udk &du k Ef u S pf Of tumtuG,af y;cJo h nft h zG@J csKyfvil ,f teD;uyfvjkH cHKa&;tzG@J 0ifrsm;/ rE aW v;rS
vli,ftzG@J 0ifrsm;/ ESirhf &kH mG òrd@rS pD;yGm;a&;wuUov kd af usmif;om;rsm;/ rH&k mG vli,ftzG@J csKyftzG@J 0ifrsm;onf jyif;
xefpmG jzifh pHepfwus&u kd Ef u
S jf cif;udk cHc&hJ onf?tcsKd @rmS &du k Ef u S jf cif;cH&onft h wGuf toufaoqH;k cJ&h onf?
41
tcsdK@rSmrl &&Sdonfh'%f&mrsm;a=umifh rlv&kyfqif; ysuf,Gif;cJh&onf? xdkodk@vlom;csif;pmemr_uif;pGmjzifh

tòid;w}uD;&du k Ef u
S &f jcif;onf a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; wcJeufaxmufco H nfh jynfov l x
l .
k tiftm;udk
òzdcjJG cif;jzpfouJo h @kd tjcm;aomjynfov l xl w
k @kd uv
kd nf; tm%mydik rf sm;taejzifh ‚if;wd@k . tm%mwnf+rJa&;
udk xdyg;vmygurnfuo hJ @kd vyk af qmifrnfjzpfa=umif;udk pHerlemjy jcdr;f ajcmufvudk jf cif; jzpfa=umif;awG@&&dS onf?
( atmifajcrSwfpkrsm; )
(1) 0Àarmif/ a':nGe@f neG @f /udrk if;ode;f /udck ifO;D /udzk ;kd aZmfw@kd . oufaoxGuq f ckd surf sm;/
(2) a':nGe@f neG @f /udk Edik Ef ikd w f @kd . oufaoxGuq f ckd surf sm;/
(3) a':nGe@f neG @f /udEk ikd Ef ikd /f udak tmifatmif/ udck ifO;D /udzk ;kd aZmfw@kd . oufaoxGuq f ckd surf sm;/
(4) a':nGe@f neG @f /udrk if;ode;f /udck ifO;D /udzk ;kd aZmf/udEk ikd Ef ikd /f udak tmifatmifw@kd . oufaoxGuq f ckd surf sm;/
(5) udck ifO;D /udEk ikd Ef ikd Ef iS u
hf akd tmifatmifw@kd . oufaoxGuq f ckd surf sm;/
(6) a':nGe@f neG @f /udrk if;ode;f /udck ifO;D /udEk ikd Ef ikd w f @kd . oufaoxGuq f ckd surf sm;/
(7) udEk ikd Ef ikd Ef iS uhf akd tmifatmifw@kd . oufaoxGuq f ckd su?f
(8) udck ifO;D . oufaoxGuq f ckd su?f
(9) xdo
k rl sm;udu k sn&f mG teD; qnfajrmif;0if;twGi;f &Sd a':atmifqef;pk=unf,mOfwef;tm; t=urf;zuf&u kd f
ESu&f ef toifah pmifq h ikd ;f aeonfo h rl sm;u zrf;qD;xm;cJyh gonf?
(10) 0Àarmif/ udck ifO;D / udrk if;ode;f ESiahf ':nGen f eG @f w@kd . oufaoxGuq f ckd surf sm;/
(11) 0Àarmif/ udrk if;ode;f ESiahf ':nGen f eG @f w@kd . oufaoxGuq f ckd surf sm;/
(12) 0Àarmif/ udck ifO;D / udrk if;ode;f ESiahf ':nGen

f eG @f w@kd . oufaoxGuq
f ckd surf sm;/
(13) 0Àarmif/a':nGe@f neG @f EiS u hf rkd if;ode;f wd@k . xGuq f ckd surf sm;/
(14) 0Àarmif/udck ifO;D wd@k . tppfccH suf
(15) 0Àarmif/udck ifO;D ESiu hf rkd if;ode;f wd@k .xGuq f ckd surf sm;/
(16) a':nGe@f neG @f /udrk if;ode;f /wd@k .oufaoxGuq f ckd surf sm;/
(17) 0Àarmif/armifz;kd aZmf/ udck ifO;D wd@k .xGuq f ckd surf sm;/
(18) udEk ikd Ef ikd Ef iS u
hf akd tmifatmifw@kd .oufaoxGuq f ckd su?f
(19) 0Àarmif.xGuq f ckd su/f jynfyowif;Xmersm;ESiahf wG@qakH r;jref;csu/f aumfr&Sirf q S ufvufppkH rf;&m
xdpk Ofu a&$bckd &dik (f c,u)OuUX jzpforl mS 'kw, d Adv k rf ;ª =uD;oef;[efjzpfa=umif; pHpk rf;od&&dS onf?
(20) jrefrmhtvif;owif;pm/ ZGev f (1)&uf2003 ckEpS /f arv(31)&ufae@ etz .owif;pm&Si;f yG/J
(21) aZmfaZmfatmifEiS ahf wG@qakH r;jref;cef;wGiaf jymjycsu?f
(22) aZmfaZmfatmifEiS ahf wG@qakH r;jref;cef;wGiaf jymjycsu?f
(23) aZmfaZmfatmif ESijhf ynfyowif;Xmersm;.awG@qakH r;jref;cef;wGiaf jymjycsu?f / jynfwiG ;f rSaumfr&Sif
od@k wdu k &f u kd af y;yd@k onfh owif;tcsut f vufrsm;/
(24) udck ifO;D .oufaoxGuq f ckd suf

(25) jynfwiG ;f rSaumfr&Six
f w
H ukd &f u
kd af y;yd@k onfo
h wif;tcsut
f vufrsm;/ jynfyowif;Xmersm;ESihf awG@qkH
ar;jref;csufrsm;/
42
tcef; ( 4 )
'DyJ,if;vkyf}uHr+tay: aumfr&Sif. y%mr oHk;oyfwifjycsuf
a':atmifqef;pk=unf aetdrt f us,cf sKyfxed ;f odr;f cH&jcif;rS vGwaf jrmufvm+y;D aemuf/ wkid ;f ESihf jynfe,ftES@H
pnf;&k;H a&;c&D;xGu&f mwGif jynfaxmifp=k u@H cikd af &;ESizhf @HG jzKd ;a&;toif;(=u@H z@HG )/ jynfo@l prG ;f tm;&Si/f &Jwyfz@GJ / a'oqdik f
&m tm%mydik rf sm;/ ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&; ponfw@kd u enf;rsK;d pkjH zihf taESmiht f ,Suaf y;cJo h nfuakd wG@c&hJ onf?
csi;f jynfe,f/ &cdik jf ynfe,fc&D;pOfrsm;wGif aESmih, f uS rf r_ sm; pwifðyvkyv f mcJo h nf// xk@d aemuf ucsijf ynfe,fc&D;
pOfwiG f vluakd oapEdik o f nfv h ufeufrsm;udk ajAmifususuikd w f ,
G u f m aESmif, h u S cf o
hJ nf? ,ckaemufq;Hk ppfuidk ;f
wdik ;f bkwvifrS 'Dy, J if;od@k toGm;wGif aESmif,h u S of nft h qifrh aS usmvf eG I f t=urf;zufowfjzwfacsre_ ;f onfh
tqifo h @kd a&mufvmcJo h nf?
etz ppftkyfpkonf ar(30)'DyJ,if;vkyf=uHr_}uD;udk pepfwusóudwif=uHpnf/ jyifqifusL;vGefcJhjcif;jzpf
a=umif; aumfr&Sit f aejzifh atmufygtcsut f vufrsm;t& oH;k oyfawG@&&dS onf?
1? óudwifoifwef;ay;jcif;
a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tzG@J 0ifrsm;tm; uef@uu G qf ef@usiq f ENjy&ef vdt k yf
onfh vltiftm;udk ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f / a&$bckd &dik rf S òrd@e,f(8)òrd@e,f/ rH&k mG c&dik &f dS òrd@e,frsm;rS =uH@z@HG twGi;f a&;rª;rsm;u
rdrw
d @kd òr@d e,frsm;twGi;f &Sd =u@H z@HG tzG@J 0ifrsm;ESifh jynfov l xl u k pkd ak qmif;ay;cJ=h u&onf? 1 xdo k @kd vltiftm; pkaqmif;
&mwGif tca=u;aiGrsm;ay;jcif;jzifv h nf;aumif;/ twif;t"rRjcrd ;f ajcmuft=uyfuikd I f vnf;aumif; pkaqmif;cJ=h u
2
onf?
pkaqmif;&&Scd o hJ rl sm;tm; oufqikd &f mòrd@e,frsm;tvdu k f ppfuikd ;f òrd@/ txufwef;ausmif;trSw(f 2)/ rk&H mG òrd@/
txufwef;ausmif;trSw(f 2)ESifh trSw(f 3)ausmif;rsm;/ taemufajrmufwikd ;f ppfXmecsKyf0if;/ 'Dy, J if;òr@d / txuf
wef;ausmif; ponfah e&mrsm;wGipf pk nf;xm;&Su d m/ vlpv k al 0;udt k =urf;zuf&u kd Ef u S f òzdcaJG csre_ ;f enf;oifwef;rsm;
3
pHepfwusay;cJo h nf?
xdu k ohJ @kd oifwef;yd@k csrE_ iS yhf wfoufI tvm;wltawG@t=uKH ud&k efuek w f ikd ;f / urm&Gwòf r@d e,f vli,fwm0efcH
jzpfo u l pkd ;kd oef;u atmufygtwdik ;f jyefvnfajymjycJo h nf?
“1996 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (1)&ufae@up+yD; jynfxaJ &;Xme¶H;k csKyf rsuaf pmif;xd;k rSm&Sw d hJ or0g,r ukepf nf
jyyGcJ ef;r aemufzufu wku d o
f pf}uD;xJrmS }uHzh @HG tzG@J 0ifawGukd txl;oifwef;awGay;ygw,f? vlawG/ um;awGudk
b,fvkd ¶du k Ef u S &f r,fqw kd mutp oif=um;ay;xm;w,fv@kd vnf;od&ygw,f/ vufa&G;pifac:,lxm;wJh }uHzh @HG
tzG@J 0ifawGudk w&ufv#if xrif;au|;t+yD; usy(f 200)pD ay;xm;w,fv@kd vnf; od&&dS ygw,f”
43
2? udkifaqmiftoHk;jyKonfhvufeufrsm;
a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS t hf zG@J csKyftzG@J 0ifrsm;tm; 'Dy,
J if;òrd@teD; usn&f mG Y vky=f uHowfjzwfacsre_ ;f &mwGif
udik af qmiftoH;k jyKch=J uonfh 0g;&if;wkwrf sm;/ 0g;c|erf sm;/ ESpw f pfvufrt&G,t f pm;&dS opfom;ydik ;f rsm; pojzihf
t=urf;zuf&u kd Ef uS o
f rl sm;tm;vH;k udik af qmifonfh vufeufrsm;ykpH w H n l aD e=uonfukd awG@&&dS onf? xd@k tjyif
vufeufrsm;udt k oH;k jyK&du
k Ef uS o
f nfh enf;pepfrsm; (OD;acgi;f ESichf g;tqpf rsm;udpk eH pfwus&u kd Ef u
S jf cif;)vnf;
xyfwn l aD eonfukd awG@&&dS onf? xdv k ufeufrsm;udk =uHz@HG twGi;f a&;rª;rsm;u oufqikd &f mòrd@ e,f/ aus;&Gmrsm;&Sd
jynfov l xl rk sm;tm; jyKvkyaf pcdik ;f cJo h nf?
3? tcsdefumvESifh owfuGif;jyifqifr+
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ap&ef óudwifppD OfcjhJ cif;jzpfonf?
usn&f mG od@k ra&mufrD armfawmfum;vrf;wqpfcsKd ;auG@wiG f um;ud&k yfwef@&efprD I H wm;qD;cJjh cif;/ oHq;l óud;
(3)xyfjzifh vrf;udyk w d q f @kd um&Hxm;jcif;/ vufeufuikd pf pfom;rsm;ESi&hf w J yfz@JG 0ifrsm;udk qnfajrmif;0if;twGi;f
wyfpaJG e&m,lxm;jcif;/ vrf;ab;0J,mwd@k wiG f a':atmifqef;pk=unf.,mOfwef;tm; &du k Ef u
S rf nfo
h rl sm;udk
pepfwusóudwifae&mcsxm;cJo h nf? &du
k Ef u
S rf nfo h rl sm;taejzifh ywf0ef;usiu f kd aumif;pGmjrifEikd af p&eftwGuf
qvdkufrD;rsm;udk toifhjyifqifxm;jcif;/ &dkufESufowfjzwfrnfholrsm;.aemufrS armfawmfum;rsm;udk pepf
wuswef;pDI &yfwef@um um;a&S@r;D }uD;rsm;udx k ;kd ay;Edik &f ef pDpOfco hJ nf udak wG@&&dS onf? 5
&duk Ef u
S rf nfo h rl sm;udk wae&mwnf;wGipf pk nf;xm;&SI d pepfwus&u kd Ef u S +f yD;/ vsijf refpmG vlpck JG azsmufzsuf
Edik jf cif;onf tm%mydik rf sm;yg0ifywfoufr&_ rdS o S m vG,u f pl mG vkyaf qmifEikd rf nfjzpfonf? tcsi;f jzpfonfh usnf
&GmESit hf eD;qH;k jzpfonfh &Gmopf&mG / usn&f mG ESiq hf nfajrmif;0if;wd@k wiG af exdik v f yk u f ikd pf m;aomuf=uonfv h Ol ;D a&
onf(1000)0ef;usix f uf rydyk g?
a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd . ,mOfwef; usn&f mG od@k ra&mufrD a&S@ajy;vHjk cHKa&;tjzpf ,mOftrSwf "§801
udk pD;eif;vdu k yf gco
hJ nfh vl@abmifopf'rD u kd &ufwpfygwrD S udak tmifatmifEiS u hf Ekd ikd Ef ikd w
f @kd EpS Of ;D tqdyk gqnfajrmif;
0if;twGi;f zrf;qD;cHxm;&+yD;jzpfygonf? xdo k rl sm;udk zrf;qD;onft h csed of nf nae (5;30)em&DwiG jf zpfaom
a=umihf zrf;qD;olrsm;ESihf ywf0ef;usit f aetxm;udk tao;pdyjf rifawG@c&hJ onf? 6
4? wdkufckdufacsr+ef;onfh enf;pHepfrsm;?
a':atmifqef;pk=unf.,mOfwef;rsm;aemufrS vdu k yf gvmonfu h m;rsm;ay:wGif &du k Ef u S af csre_ ;f rnfh ol
rsm;onf OD;acgi;f udt k "duxm;I &du k Ef uS of nfuakd wG@&&dS onf? toufrao/ owdrvpfbJ '%f&m&I nnf;nL
aeolrsm;tm; vl(4)(5)a,mufu0dik ;f I wòydiw f nf;/ pHepfwus0ikd ;f 0ef;&du k Ef uS cf o hJ nf? 7 &du k Ef u S rf nfoh rl sm;
8
tcsi;f csi;f vlrrSm;Edik af p&eftwGuf vufwiG f tjzLa&mift0wfprsm;ywfxm;I cGjJ cm;xm;onf? um;rsm;ay:
wGif pD;eif;vdu k yf gvmolrsm;tm; &du k Ef uS of rl sm;u um;ay:rSqif;vsiq f if;/ rqif;vsif um;udk rD;&_@d ypfrnf[k
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rsm;ay:r q S if;rvmonfv h rl sm;udk um;atmufo@kd qcJG sI tjyif;txef&u kd Ef uS cf =hJ uonf? 10 um;atmufo@kd
qGcJ s&u kd Ef u
S +f yD;aemuf tzG@J csKyf. wln0D wfprkH sm;udk twif;t"rRc|w, f jl cif;/ vuf0wfvufpm;rsm;udk vk,jl cif;
11
wd@k ujkd yKvkycf o hJ nf?
44
5? tm%mydkifrsm;udk,fwkdif yg0ifywfoufr+
'Dy,
J if;vky=f uHr}_ uD;wGit f m%mydik rf sm;.yg0ifywfoufrE_ iS yhf wfoufI atmufygtwdifk ;f awG@&&dS onf?
(1) tcsi;f jzpfymG ;onfah e@wiG f rE aW v;ESirhf &kH mG t=um;ajy;qGo J nfh c&D;onfwifvikd ;f um;rsm;udk tm%m
12
ydik rf sm;u xGucf mG cGirhf jyKbJ ydwyf ifxm;cJo h nf?
(2) a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS t hf zG@J tm; rk&H mG rS bkwviftxdvu kd v f yH @dk aqmif+yD; jyefvm=uonfh qkid u f ,f
tpD;(70§80)cef@tm; rk&H mG òrd@EiS b hf wk vifòrd@t=um; ZD;awmaus;&GmteD;&S(d erc) ppfXmecsKyf0if;teD;wGif ppfwyf
13
ESihf &Jrsm;uzrf;qD;cJo h nf// xdo k @kd zrf;qD;jcif;cH&olrsm;udu k n l &D ef rH&k mG òrd@rS xyfrv H u kd yf gvm=uolrsm;udv k nf;
xdak e&mwGif xyfrzH rf;qD;vku d o f nft h wGuf xdak e@ nae(4;30)cef@wiG f rH&k mG òrd@twGi;f qlyrl r_ sm; pwifjzpfymG ;cJh
onf// xdt k ajctaeudk bkwvifwiG af &muf&adS eonfh a':atmifqef;pk=unfo&d +dS yD;/ bkwvifòrd@e,ftzJ@G csKyf
OuUX OD;atmifqef;ESihf ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f tzJ@G csKyf twGi;f a&;rª;OD;xGe;f +rKd ifw@kd tm;apv$wcf &Jh m oGm;a&mufajz&Si;f olrsm;
xdak e&m wGiyf ifzrf;qD;jcif; cHc=hJ u&onf? tm%mydik rf sm;u,if;od@k zrf;qD;cJjh cif;rsm;rSm 'Dy, J if;vky=f uHru _ sL;
vGerf nft h csed wf iG f a':atmifqef;pk=unf.,mOfwef;Yvltiftm;ta&twGuaf vsmeh nf;ap&ef jzpfonf?
(3) ar(30)&ufae@u bkwvifòrd@wiG f udrk sKd ;Edik (f rE aW v;wdik ;f pnf;&H;k a&;wm0efc)H ESihf udo k ufxeG ;f (OD;wifO;D
.um;armif;ESio f )l / udEk ikd Ef ikd (f vl@abmifopf'rD u kd &ufwpfygw)D wd@k rH&k mG bkwvif vrf;c&D;tajctaeudk &efuek &f dS
tzG@J csKyfA[ko d @kd w,fvzD ek ;f qufta=umif;=um;&ef bkwvifòrd@e,f/ qufo, G af &;&H;k od@k omG ;a&mufc&hJ m xd&k ;kH rS
0efxrf;wOD;u w,fvzD ek ;f vdik ;f rsm;jzwfawmufcx H m;&onft h wGuf ‚if;wd@k yif rnfonfòh rd@urkd #qufo, G fI
14
r&a=umif; ajym=um;cJo h nf?
,if;tcsuu f =kd unfjh cif;tm;jzifh tcsi;f jzpfonfah e@ vky=f uHru _ sL;vGerf nft h csed wf iG f bkwvifòrd@rS qufo, G f
onfh w,fvzD ek ;f vdik ;f rsm;udk tm%mydik rf sm;utpDtpOf&&dS jdS zifóh udwif jzwfawmufxm;cJah =umif; awG@&onf?
a':atmifqef;pk=unf.,mOfwef; bkwvifòrd@ujkd zwfomG ;+yD;aemuf jy\em wpHw k &m=uHKawG@&vsif bkwvifrS
wqifh jyifyod@k qufo, G t f a=umif;=um;jcif; rjyKEdik &f efjzpfonf[k oH;k oyf&onf?
(4) usnf&GmteD;&Sdbkef;}uD;ausmif;rsm;udk a'oqkdif&mtm%mydkiftzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u a':atmifqef;pk
=unfEiS hf tzG@J csKyftzG@J 0ifrsm;a&muf&v dS mygu oGm;a&mufóudqjkd cif; rjyK&/ tultnD ray;&/ jy\em wpHk
w&mjzpfyguvnf; xGurf vm&pojzihf bke;f }uD;ausmif;tcsKd @tm; +cdr;f ajcmufIvnf;aumif;/ tjcm;bke;f =uD;
ausmif;tcsKd @tm; v_z, G yf pPn;f rsm;qufuyfum ajzmif;zsavsmufxm;I óudwifwm;jrpfco hJ nf// xdo
k @kd wm;jrpf
xm;onft h wGuf jy\emwpHw k &mjzpfymG ;ygu tultnDr&Edik af =umif;/ um;vrf;rsm;udv k nf; ydwx f m;vdu k f
+yDjzpfonfhtwGuf rnfonfhòrd@&Gmrsm;udkrS qufoG,fIr&a=umif; bkef;awmf}uD;wyg;rS rdef@=um;cJhonf? 15
tm%mydik rf sm;u ,if;od@k vyk af qmifjcif;rSm vky=f uHru _ sL;vGeo f nft h csed w f iG f rsujf rifoufaorsm; r&Sad p&efEiS hf
a':atmifqef;pk=unf,mOfwef;tm; tultnDay;rnht f iftm;rsm;a&muf&dS rvmap&ef pepfwus óudwif
pDpOfxm;jcif;jzpfonf?
(5) tcif;jzpfymG ;onfah e&mod@k a':atmifqef;pk=unf.,mOfwef;rsm;a&mufrvmrD qdik u f ,fEiS hf um;
rsm;jzifh a&S@ajy;tjzpf óuw d ifxu G cf mG vm=uolrsm;tm; ppfwyfEiS &hf rJ sm;yg0ifonfh tm%mydik rf sm;u usn&f mG teD;
&Sd qnfajrmif;0if;wGióf udwifzrf;qD;cJo h nf?
“xdak e&mwGif oHq;l óud;wef; ud;k ck csxm;onf? wwef;vsi(f 3) ckEe_ ;f jzihf (3)wef;csxm;+yD;/ vrf;ukyd w d q f @kd
xm;onf? xdo k @kd ywd qf @kd xm;ojzihf um;udk t&Sed af v#mv h u kd &f onf? xkt d cg oHq;l óud;wefrsm;.aemufwiG f
wkwf/ 'dkif;rsm;udkifaqmifxm;aom &JwyfzJG@0iftiftm;(30)cef@udkawG@&onf?tusôtjzL0wfxm;onfh vl
wa,muf a&mufvm+y;D ‘b,fomG ; rvd@k v’J [kar;ygonf? rdrw d @kduvnf; a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS fh twlvmjcif;jzpf
a=umif; &Si;f jyonf? xdt k cg ‚if;u ppfabmif;bDEiS pfh yG u f s,t f us0ô wfxm;aom touf(50)cef@t&G,&f o dS wl OD;xH
oGm;I ‘Adv k rf ;ª / 'g a':atmifqef;pk=unfe@J ygvmwJu h m;’[k owif;yd@k ygonf? xdo k u l ‘at;/ txJxnfv h u kd f
45
[k jyefajymygonf? xkd Akv d rf LS ;qko

d rl mS tenf;i, 0f +zKd ;+y;D / pGyu f s,t f us0ô wfqifxm;ojzihf &mxl;trSwt f om;
16
ESihf wHqyd u f kd rjrifawG@&yg” &du k Ef uS of rl sm;taejzifh ywf0ef;usiu f kd &Si;f vif;pGmjrifEikd af p&eftwGuv f nf;
qvdu k rf ;D rsm;udt k oifw
h yfqifxm;jcif;/ &du k Ef uS of wfjzwfrnfo h rl sm;.aemufrS armfawmfum;rsm; udpk epfwus
wef;pDI&yfwef@um um;a&S@ rD;}u;D rsm;udx hJ nfuakd wG@&&dS onf? 17 xdo
k ;kd ay;Edik &f ef pDpOfco k @kd acsre_ ;f rnfo
h rl sm;tm;
18
}uD;=uyfuyG u f aJ eolrsm;rSm ppfwyfrS Adv k rf ;_ tqif&h o dS w
l OD; ESihf 'Dy, J if;òrd@e,f&w J yfz@JG rS pcef;r_; OD;pde0f if;wd@k
19
jzpfonf?
(6) qnfajrmif;0if;twGi;f ae&mcswyfpx JG m;onf&h rJ sm;tm; }uD;=uyfaeolrmS 'Dy, J if;&Jpcef;rS pcef;rª;

OD;pde0f if;jzpfa=umif; awG@&&dS onf? qnfajrmif;0if;twGi;f zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHxm;&olrsm;xJwiG f 'Dy, J if;jrKd @e,f/
20
jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;bdak rmif;vnf;yg0ifonf? usn&f mG teD;wGiw f ukd cf u
kd cf &H +yD;aemuf tcsi;f
jzpfae&mrS xd;k azguaf rmif;xGuv f maom a':atmifqef;pk=unf.um;onf oHq;l óud;wef; oH;k wef;udk wdu k +f yD;
jzwfausmaf rmif;ESio f mG ;cJo h nf? xdt k csed wf iG f 'Dy,
J if;&Jpcef;rS;ª jzpfoOl ;D pde0f if;u OD;bdak rmif;tygt0if zrf;qD;
xdef ;f odr;f jcif;cHxm;&olrsm;tm; ² ² ²
“OD;bdak rmif;tygt0if tm;vH;k =um;=u/ jrif=uwJt h wdik ;f yJaemf/ cifAsm;wd@k ukd uHz,fomG ;w,fv@kd rSwx f m;
21
vduk yf g/ a&S@av#muf+yD; uHaumif;ygap” [k ajym=um;cJo h nf?
(7) aemufrv S u kd v f mum &du k Ef u
S o f wfjzwfrnfo h rl sm;tm; o,faqmifvmonfu h m;}uD;rsm;udk rH&k mG &Sd
taemufajrmufwdkif; ppfXmecsLyf0if;twGif; xm;&Sdjcif;/ ,if;um;rsm;udktoHk;jyKI vlaotavmif;rsm;udk
a&$@ajymif;&mYpDrcH ef@co JG rl mS Adv
k }f uD;wOD;jzpfjcif; paomtcsurf sm;rSm tm%mydik rf sm; yg0ifywfoufa=umif;
xif&mS ;onf? xdu k pd EP iS yhf wfoufI ,mOftrSwf 2c§1962 ukew f ifum;. ,mOfaemufvu kd wf OD;jzpfol udak usmf
vGiu f jynfyowif;Xmetm; atmufygtwdik ;f ajym=um;cJo h nf?
“eDqef;,l'D NISSAN-UD um;trSwf 2 c§1962 rSm pyg,, f m vkyyf gw,f// *dwf

zH;k eHygwu f &efuek f 681229 yg// usaemfw@kd um;u &efuek -f rH&k mG ukepf nf yd@k aqmifa&;udk
t"du vkyyf gw,f//
28-5-03 &ufae@avmufu pjyD;awmh rH&k mG rSm acsmqGcJ &H ygw,f// erc u qGw J myg?
tm;vH;k (10)bD;um; (10)pD;yg// um; tm;vH;k erc 0if;xJrmS ae&ygw,f// arv(30)&uf
ae@rmS awmh erc 0if;xJuae Adv k }f uD;qdw k o hJ u l a&S@cef;rSmxdik yf gw,f// olu t&yf0wfe@J yg?
um;ay:rSm qufo, G af &;pufawGvJ wifvmwmawG@&ygw,f? aemufcef;rSmawmh oCFe;f
0wf/ vl0wf tm;vHk;ta,muf(50)avmufwufygw,f// um;udk wmvywf trdk;eJ@zHk;
um+yD;rS p xGucf ikd ;f ygw,f// n (7;00) em&Dausmaf vmufrmS erc 0if;xJae p xGuw f myg?
'Dy, J if;/ a&OD;bufukd armif;cdik ;f ygw,f//
'Dy,J if; ra&mufcif (2)rdik /f (3)rdik f tvdak vmufrmS vlawG &ke;f &if;qefcwfe@J &du k yf }JG uD;
wckudkawG@&ygw,f? a&S@cef;u Adkvf}uD;qdkolu um;rD;eJ@xdk;cdkif;xm;+yD;/ aemufcef;u
vlawGukd qif;cdik ;f +yD; tJ'v D t
l yk xf J 0if&u kd cf ikd ;f ygw,f// um;ay:rSmawmh usaemf&,f/ udn k Kd
&,f/ Adv k }f uD;qdo k &l ,f oH;k a,mufyJ usecf yhJ gw,f// jrif&wmuawmh tjyif;txef t+idK;
w}uD;eJ@ &du k af ewmrsKd ; jrifawG@ae&ygw,f//awmfawmfajcmufjcm;zd@k aumif;ygw,f// 'grsKd ;
rawG@b;l / róuHz;l ygb;l // wzufowf&u kd af eyHyk gb/J /
t&du k cf &H wJv
h al wGvnf; vJwo hJ v l /J ajy;wJo h al jy;/ atmfwo hJ u
l atmfe@J aoG;&l;aoG;
wef;jzpfae=uwm awG@&ygw,f// vJaewJo h l wcsKd @ukd r xkwv f m+yD; usaemfw@kd um;em;rSm
46
vmyHx k m;ygw,f// r vmwJo h al wGukd b,fob l ,f0gawmh rodygb;l // usaemfu h m;ay: yg

vmwJh olawGbx J ifygw,f//
um;acgi;f cef;xJu Adv k }f uD;qdw k o
hJ u
l awmh “[kwu f hJ Adv
k cf sKyf/ [kwu f /hJ [kwu f ”hJ qd+k yD;
zke;f wvH;k eJ@ajymaewm awG@&ygw,f? c%aeawmh um;ab;u vlaoyHu k kd um;ay: wifz@dk
usaemfu h kd cdik ;f ygw,f// a&S@rmS &du k af ewJh vltyk xf uJ v
kd nf; ajcmufv;kH jyL;eJ@ (3/ 4)csuf vSr;f
ypfvdkufao;w,f?
vlaoawGvm;/ arhajrmae=uovm;awmh rodb;l / tm;vH;k uawmh aoG;awG&eJ$ pfae
wmygy/J / usaemfu, kd f wdik f xrf;wif&wmyg/ um;aemufcef;xJuakd yg/h / tm;vH;k (17)a,muf
wdwyd ?J wifv@kd vnf;+yD;a&m um;udk aemufa=umif; jyefvn S ahf rmif;cdik ;f ygw,f// um;ay:u
oCFe;f 0wfawG/ vl0wfawGawmh jyefyg rvmygb;l ?
wjcm; acsmqGcJ x H m;&wJh (10) bD;um;awGvnf; 'D &du k yf }JG uD;udv
k mwm awG@&ygw,f?
olw@kd bmvky&f ovJawmh rodygb;l // usaemfw@kd vnf; um;armif;vmvdu k w f m tvH&k mG
a&mufawmh um;&yfcikd ;f +yD; aemufcef;u tavmif;(17)avmif;udak tmufcs+yD; vrf;ab;rSm
yHck ikd ;f ygw,f// Adv k }f uD;qdwk o hJ ul cdik ;f wmyg// +yD;awmh um;udk erc 0if;xJ jyefarmif;cdik ;f ygw,f?
0if;xJrSm pm;yGJaomufyGJawG tqifoifhjyifxm;+yD;/ usaemfwdk@udk0ifpm;cdkif;ygw,f//
+yD;awmh wa,mufukd aiG(30000)usypf D ay;ygw,f/
usaemfw@kd pm;aomufaewke;f usaemfw@kd um;udk wjcm;vlwa,muf armif;oGm; wm
awG@&ygw,f// Adv k }f uD; qdw k ohJ u l “'Dem;wifyg/ pdwrf ylyge@J ” vd@k ajymygw,f//
um;u aemufae@ arv (31)&ufnaeavmufrS jyefa&mufvmygw,f// um;ukd ZGev f
(1)&ufae@ reufusrS a&aq;+yD; qGr;f uyf&ygw,f// tvHv k rf;ab;csxm;cJw h hJ tavmif;
(17)avmif;udk bmvkyo f vJawmh rodygb;l ? ajymoH=um;wmawmh rD;&_@d ypfw,fqv kd m;yJ?
22
tck *dwjf yefx;kd +yD;/ vdik ;f jyefqaJG eygw,f”
6?trdefŒay;pepfrsm;
tcsi;f jzpfymG ;aeonft h csed w f iG f qufo, G af &;pum;ajympufrsm;jzifh trde@f ay;n$e=f um;r_rsm; ðyvkycf hJ onf?
“a'0wifvS &+yD/ a'0pH&Sm; vGwfoGm;/ a&OD;ayguf wef@qnfaygufudk ydwf/
pufuav; toifhjyif/ vdktyfv#ifypf”
“atmifcdkifatmifEdkif b,fvdkvJ/ aumfr&Sif b,fvdkvJ/ ydk@+yD;+yDvm;” 23
æ pojzifh wdu k &f u
kd !
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ESuo f rl sm;udk pepfwus&u S &f eftrde@f ay;&mwGif “a&tzGJ@ wuf rD;tzGJ@ wuf”[ktrdef@ay; cJh+yD;aemuf/
kd Ef u
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S +f yD;csed w ” t
h rde@f ay;cJo
h nf? xdt
k rde@f ay;pepfonf wyfrawmf
om;rsm;ESihf &Jwyfz@GJ 0ifrsm;omvsif tok;H ðyajymqdo k nfh pum;0Surf sm;jzpfonf?
7? vkyf}uHrnfhol vklOD;a& (5000)cefŒukd pDpOfae&mcsxm;jcif;

'Dy,J if;vky=f urH }_ u;D udk pepfwusóuw d ifppD Ofaqmif&u G cf &hJ mwGif toH;k jyKcJo
h nfv
h t
l iftm;udk etz. arv
(31)&ufae@ owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGw J iG f xkwaf z:ajymqdck surf sm;t& a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pD
tzG@J csKyfukd raxmufco H l (5000)cef@u uef@uu G qf ENjy&mrSjzpfay:vmonfh t"du&k%;f tjzpfEikd if w H umod@k
24
wifjyajymqdck o hJ nf? bkwvifòrd@rt S xGuw f iG f c&D;onfwifum;rsm;twGi;f =uH@z@HG tzG@J 0ifrsm;/ jynfo@l prG ;f
47
tm;&Sirf sm; pD;eif;vdu k yf gvmonfu h m;rsm;wGif vlO;D a&(500)cef@EiS hf erc 0if;twGi;f rS vduk yf gvmonfh (10)bD;
25
um;rsm; (10)pD; wpD;vsiv f (l 50)E_e;f ESihf vl(500) pkpak ygi;f vltiftm;(1000)cef@u a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf
tzG@J . ,mOfwef;aemufr v S u kd yf gcyhJ gonf? 'Dy,J if;òrd@teD; vky=f uHowfjzwf&efjyifqifxm;aom usn&f mG tvGef
qnfajrmif;0if;a&S@wiG f vltiftm;(4000)cef@tm; óuw d ifae&mcsxm;cJoh nfukd rsujf rifoufaoxGuq f ckd surf sm;
26
t& aumfr&Sirf S od&cdS &hJ onf?
a':atmifqef;pk=unf. ucsifjynfe,fpnf;&Hk;a&;c&D;pOfwavsmuf qef@usifqENjyuef@uGufolrsm;wGif
trsKd ;orD;rsm;ESit fh rsKd ;om;rsm; ae&mwdik ;f wGiyf g0ifco hJ nfuakd wG@&onf? od@k aomf 'Dy,J if;vky=f uHowfjzwfr_
wGirf l t=urf;zufowfjzwfvyk =f uHrnfo h rl sm;onf trsKd ;om;rsm;csn;f omjzpfonfrmS xl;jcm;onft h csuw f &yf
jzpfonf? uef@uu G q f ENjy&Hrk #omrubJ t+yD;owfvyk =f uHacsre_ ;f &ef &nf&, G xf m;ojzifh trsKd ;orD;rsm;udk ac:,l
jcif; rjyKcJah =umif; aumfr&Siu f oH;k oyfawG@&&dS onf?
8 ? oufaotaxmuftxm;rsm;udk azsmufzsufjcif;ESifh jyKjyifzefwD;jcif;

vky=f uHowfjzwfrj_ zpfymG ;+yD;aemuf usn&f mG teD;jzpfymG ;cJo h nfh ta&;tcif;wGio f ufaocHypPn;f rsm;tjzpf
use&f pfco hJ nfuh m;rsm;/ armfawmfqikd u f ,frsm;/ tjyif;txefxcd u kd 'f %f&m&olrsm;/ aoqH;k olrsm;udk nwGi;f csi;f
yif ppfwyfEiS jhf ynfo@l &w J yfz@JG 0ifrsm;u um;rsm;jzifo h ,f,I l azsmufzsuyf pfco hJ nf? t"du&k%;f jzpfonfyh pkH tH jzpf
zefwD;Edkif&ef bkwvifòrd@rStxGuf a':atmifqef;pk=unfwdk@.,mOfwef;aemufrS t=urf;zuf&dkufESufolrsm;
pD;eif;vdu k yf gvmonfu h m;udv k nf; ‚if;wd@k u, kd w h nf? 27
f ikd yf if jyefvnfI rD;&_@d zsupf ;D cJo
t=urf;zuf&u kd Ef u S rf r_ sm; +yD;onft h csed f n(11)em&DccJG ef@wiG f tcsi;f jzpfae&mod@k ppfwyfEiS hf &Jwyfz@JG t&m&Sd
28
rsm; um;rsm;jzifah &muf&v dS monf? tcsi;f jzpfae&mrsm;wGiu f se&f cdS o
hJ nfh armfawmfum;rsm;teuf um;(4)
pD;udk ae&mtaetxm;rsm;a&$@ajymif;I AG'D , D u kd ifr&mjzifh rSww f rf;wifonf// 29
,cktcsed t f xd ar(30) 'Dy, J if;vky=f uHowfjzwfr=_ uD;wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pD
tzG@J csKyftzG@J 0ifrsm;ESihf axmufco H nfjh ynforl sm; pD;eif;vdu k yf gomG ;onfh armfawmf,mOfrsm;/ armfawmfqikd u f ,f
rsm;udk etz wm0ef&o dS rl sm;u ,ae@wikd f azsmufzsux f m;qJjzpfonf?
9? rsufjrifoufaorsm;ESifh '%f&m&olrsm;tm;zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;
'Dy,J if;vky=f uHr}_ uD;udk ud, k wf ikd óf uHawG@c&hJ aom rsujf rifoufaorsm;ESihf '%f&m&&Scd o hJ rl sm;udk zrf;qD;cJh
onf? tcsi;f jzpfae&mrS xGuaf jy;vGwaf jrmufomG ;onfo h rl sm;udv k nf; vdu k v f zH rf;qD;r_rsm; jyKvkycf ohJ nf? vkyf
=urH }_ u;D wGif '%f&mjyif;xeforl sm;udk rH&k mG òr@d &dS aq;wyfq, G t f rSw(f 7)od@k yd@k aqmif+y;D / '%f&m rjyif;xeforl sm;udk
a&$bakd xmifo@kd yd@k aqmifco hJ nf? qnfajrmif;0if;a&S@wiG f zrf;qD;xm;onfo h l (44)OD;udk arv(31)&ufae@eeH ufwiG f
a&$bakd xmifo@kd yd@k aqmifco hJ nf? a&$bakd xmifwiG zf rf;qD;csKyfaESmifjcif;cHxm;&olrsm;udk wyfrawmfaxmufvrS ;f
a&;trSw(f 20)rS Adv k }f u;D vif;aZmfuH OD;pD;onft h zG@J u ppfa=uma&;rsm;jyKvkycf o hJ nf? 30 a&$bakd xmifwiG f (12)&uf
Oya'ESifhtnDr[kwfbJ zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxm;+yD; aemuf ar(30)'DyJ,if;vkyf=uHr_}uD;ESifhpyfvsOf;I zrf;qD;
cHxm;&olrsm;teufrS trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tzG@J 0if r[kwo f rl sm;udk jyefvnfvw G af y;cJoh nf? xdo k @kd
jyefvnfvw G af y;rnfo h rl sm;udk a&$bakd xmifA;l 0wGif axmufvrS ;f a&;trSw(f 20)rSwyf&if;rª;qdo k ul 'Dy, J if; vkyf
=uHr}_ uD;ESiyfh wfoufI rnfo@l urkd #jyefvnfrajym&efEiS hf xdo k @kd ajymqdyk gu Edik if w H umowif;Xmersm;u toH;k cs
oGm;rnfjzpfa=umif;/ wyfrawmfaxmufvrS ;f a&;uvnf; jyefvnfta&;,lrnfjzpfa=umif;wd@k ukd ud, k wf ikd v
f m
31
a&mufajymqdI k owday;jcdr;f ajcmufco hJ nf?
axmifrsm;wGizf rf;qD;csKyfaESmifc&H aom rsujf rifoufaorsm;ESi'hf %f&m&olrsm;tm; &Ju pHpk rf;ppfaq;jcif;
r&Sb
d J wyfrawmfaxmufvrS ;f a&;uom wdu k &f ukd u
f ikd w
f ,
G pf pfaq;+y;D qufvufcsKyfaESmifxm;cJo h nf? aemufyikd ;f
48
wGif ta&;}uD;aomoufaorsm;rSvI JG usef oufaorsm;udjk yefvnfvw $ af y;&mwGiv f nf; wyfrawmfaxmuf

vSr;f a&;.rsuaf rSmufwiG f 'Dy, J if;vky=f uHrj_ zpfpOfrsm;udk jyefvnfxw k af zmfajymqdjk cif; rjyK&ef cH0efvufrw S f
a&;xd;k cdik ;f +yD;rSom jyefvnfvw $ af y;cJo h nf? ,if;wd@k rmS 'Dy,
J if;vky=f uHowfjzwfr}_ uD;ESiphf yfvsO;f I tjzpfreS u f kd
zH;k uG,x
f m;Edik &f ef tm%mydik rf sm;.vkyaf qmifcsurf sm;jzpfonf? ,cktcsed t f xd ar(30) 'Dy, J if;vky=f uHrE_ iS hf
pyfvsO;f I a&$b/kd uav;ESichf E ;DW tusO;f axmifrsm;wGizf rf;qD;xde;f odr;f csKyfaESmifxm;jcif;cH&olrsm;udk jypfrq _ ikd &f m
Oya'jzifah omfvnf;aumif;/ txl; Oya'rsm;jzifah omfvnf;aumif;ta&;,lxm;onf[k etz u twd tvif;
xkwaf zmfajymqdjk cif; r&Sad o;onfuv kd nf; awG@&&dS onf?
xd@k tjyifta&;=uD;aomtcsurf mS 'Dy, J if;vky=f uHrj_ zpfymG ;onfah e@rS pI (6)vjynfah jrmufonft h csed t
f xd
jypfru
_ sL;vGecf ohJ l (5000)teuf wOD;wa,mufurkd #uakd omfvnf;aumif;/ ‚if;vl(5000)udk trde@f ay; pDpOfneG f
=um;cJoh [ l ,k q
l &onfh wm0ef&t dS m%mydik f wOD;wa,mufurkd #aomfvnf;aumif;/ zrf;qD;jcif;/ ppfaq;ta&;
,ljcif; vH;k 0 r&Sad o;acs// ,if;od@k ta&;,lr_ wpHw k &mjyKvkycf v hJ sif tjzpfreS af y:ayguv
f mrnfupkd ;kd &drI
f etz
tm%mydik rf sm;u zH;k uG,&f efóud;pm;r_rsm;jzpfa=umif; aumfr&Sirf S oH;k oyfonf?
ed*kH;csKyfokH;oyfcsuf
'Dy, J if;vky=f uHr}_ uD;onf arv(30)&ufae@n(8)em&DwiG f pwif+yD; n(11)em&Dc(JG 12)em&Dcef@wiG f +yD;qH;k cJh
onf? vky=f uHrj_ zpfymG ;+yD; (16)em&Dt=um arv(31)&ufae@nae(4)em&DrmS yif etzonf owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGJ
ac:,lI a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; axmufco H rl sm;ESihf qef@usio f rl sm;t}um; jzpfymG ;aomyÉdyuQtjzpf urBm
od@k &Si;f vif;wifjycJo h nf? tenf;qH;k vl(5000)ausmyf g0ifcahJ omjzpf&yf}uD; twGi;f aoolao/ '%f&m&ol&/
xGuaf jy;olajy;ESi&hf KS wf&u S cf wfaeonft h csed w f iG f em&Dtenf;i,fr#twGi;f ppfaq;+yD; ed*;kH csLyfo;kH oyfcsuw f ck
xkwEf ikd &f efrmS rnfr#t&nftcsi;f ESijhf ynfph I kH tawG@t=uHK&ifu h suaf om pHpk rf;ppfaq;a&;rSL;rsm; yg0ifppfaq;
onfjzpfap vH;k 0 rjzpfeikd yf g? etzonf }udKwifjyifqifxm;aomtcsut f vufrsm; vufxw J iG f toif&h adS e
ojziho f m ,if;uJo h @kd csujf cif;owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGJ ac:,l&iS ;f jyEdik jf cif;jzpfonf? xif&mS ;aomtcsurf mS vky=f uHr_
}uD;jzpf+yD; +yD;jcif; arv(31)&ufae@eu H w f iG zf rf;qD;I a&$bakd xmifo@kd y@kd vu kd af om '%f&m&olrsm;ESihf rsujf rifouf
ao pkpak ygi;f (146)OD;tm; etz axmufvrS ;f a&;rsm;u ZGev f (1)&ufae@wiG rf S pwif"gwyf rkH sm;&du k , f =l u+yD;
ZGevf (2)&ufae@ eHu(f 9)em&D tcsed af &mufro S m oufaowOD;csi;f pDukd yxrqH;k pwif ppfaq;edik cf o hJ nf? 23
xdtk csed rf mS etz. owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGu J si;f ytjyD; w&ufcrJG #t=umyif&adS ecJjh yDjzpfonf?
ydI
k xif&mS ;aomtcsurf mS vky=f uHrj_ zpfymG ;+yD;aemuf ,ae@tcsed t f xd (6)vwmumv =umvmcJ+h yDjzpf
aomfvnf; rnfonfph pkH rf;ppfaq;rSKrS xyfrH rjyKvkyo f nft h jyif rnfonhef *d ;kH csLyfawG@&cdS suf topfurkd # xkwjf yef
a=ujimedik jf cif; r&Sad wmhyg? tb,fa=umifq h akd omf“ sufawmf,lonfh olcdk;udkv” [lI jrefrmqdk&dk;pum;
oH v
wckwiG f yg&cdS o hJ nft h wdik ;f 'Dy, J if;vky=f uHru _ kd pepfwusóudwif=uHpnfusL;vGeo f rl mS etz ud, k wf ikd jf zpfaeojzifh
rnfonhpf pkH rf;ppfaq;r_urkd # xyfrjH yKvkypf &m rvdak wmhaoma=umifyh ifjzpfonf? Ttcef;.txufwiG f wifjy
xm;cJjh y;D aom tcsut f vuftaxmuftxm;rsm;t&vnf; y%mr pHpk rf;ppfaq;awG@&cdS surf sm;t& w&m;cHrmS
etz omjzpfa=umif; xif&mS ;ay:vGiaf eay+yD?
Tae&mwGif etzonf Tr#}uD;rm;aom&mZ0wfr}_ uD;udk tb,fa=umifh rnfo@kd aomOD;wnfcsujf zifh
&uf&ufpufpufusL;vGejf cif;jzpfygoenf;? a':atmifqef;pk=unfuo hJ @kd urBmausmEf Akd ,f+idr;f csr;f a&;qk&iS u f ykd if
qef@usiI f wurBmvH;k .a&S@arSmufY tb,fa=umifah jymifajymifwif;wif; jypfru _ sL;vGecf jhJ cif; jzpfygoenf;?
etztm; qENpt JG +iKd; tmCmwrsm;jzifh vG,v f ifwh ulpyG pf vJG akd omoabmrsLd ;udak &Smifvu J$ m aumfr&Sif
onf ,sxmblwusus tcsut f vufrsm;tay:wGio f mtajccHI tajzwckxw k ef ikd &f ef }udK;pm;cJyh gonf?
49
xdt k cg jzpfeikd af jc(2)&yfukd awG@&ygonf?

yxrw&yfrmS etzonf a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csLyf. vlxpk nf;&H;k a&;vkyif ef;
rsm; &yfwef@omG ;atmif ajcmufveS @f vo kd nfo h abmjzifo h musL;vGe&f mrS vufveG o f mG ;=u+yD; vlaygi;f tajrmuf
trsm; aoa=uoGm;=ujcif;jzpfeikd o f nf?
'kw, d w&yfrmS a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf OD;wifO;D wd@k tm; taovky=f uHum trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csLyf
w&yfv;kH udk tjywfajcr_e;f vdo k nfo h abmjzifh usL;vGejf cif;vnf;jzpfEidk o f nf? jzpfEidk af jc yxrw&yfukd OD;pGm
oHk;oyfygonf? trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csLyf. vlxkpnf;&Hk;a&;vkyfief;rsm;&yfwef@oGm; atmifajcmufvSef@&Hk
oufoufomqdv k #if ² ² ²
(1) Tr#}uD;rm;aomvltiftm;udk toHk;jyKp&m rvdk? a':atmifqef;pk=unf,mOfwef;xuf ESpfq
oH;k qru rsm;jym;aom vlwaxmifcef@r#uo kd mtoH;k jyKv#if atmifjrifeikd yf gonf?
(2) pepfwusjyKvkyx f m;onfh vluakd oapedik af vmufaomvufeufrsm;udk toH;k jyKp&m rvd?k vrf;ab;
wGif tvG,w f ul&edik af om ausmufcrJ sm;/ wkwrf sm;jzifo h m ypfaygu+f cdr;f ajcmufeikd of nf?
(3) v#Kd @0u
S o f auFwrsm;/ vufywfrsm;/ qufo, G af &;pepfrsm;toH;k jyKI jypfrKS usL;vGerf nfh olrsm;tm;
pepfwusavhusiahf y;+yD; qkwf wuf jyKvkyu f mwdu k cf u
kd &f ef rvd?k vltyk v f u kd f v$waf y;umtvG,w f ul&efp+yD;
&ke;f &if;qefcwfrj_ zpfatmifjyKum +cdr;f ajcmufeikd o f nf?
(4) tm%mydik rf sm;. vufeufuikd t f zG@J tpnf;rsm;jzpfaom ppfwyf/ &J ponfrsm;rS wm0ef&o dS rl sm; ud,
k f
wdik f }uD;=uyfaqmif&u G &f ef rvd?k }uHzh @HG tzG@J 0ifrsm;ESio hf mv$waf y;+yD; jy\emjzpfatmifvyk ef ikd o f nf?
(5) etz tm%mydik rf sm;ud, k w f ikd f }uKd wif}upH nf+y;D pepfwususL;vGeaf omjypfrKS }u;D r[kwv f #if xdr0f u S f
zH;k uG,x f m;&ef rvd?k Ekid if w H umtygt0if r,Ho k uFmjzpfonfyh *k K~d vfrsm;/ tzG@J tpnf; rsm;udk ay:ay:xifxifvm
a&mufavhvmppfaq;cGiahf y;edik o f nf? +cdr;f ajcmufaESmif, h uS &f o
kH m wm0efay;xm;cJah omfvnf; ,if;xufyI kd
vltajrmuftrsm;udak oapcJo h nftxd jypfrKS usL;vGecf jJ ch if;rsKd ;jzpfvsif xdo k rl sm;udak zmfxw k tf a&;,leikd o f nf?
od@k &mwGif etz.vkyaf qmifcsurf sm;onf txufygtcsurf sm;ESihf vH;k 0qef@usiaf ea=umif; atmufyg
twdik ;f awG@&onf?
(1) rnfo@kd wu kd cf u
kd af jcr_e;f &rnfukd pepfwus=udKwifoifwef;rsm;ay;cJo h nf?
(2) vluakd oapedik af vmufonftxd t&G,t f pm;twdik ;f twmyrm%&Sad om vufeufrsm;udk toifjh yif
qif udik af qmiftoH;k jyKaponf?
(4) wdkufcdkufajcr_ef;onfh enf;pepf/ tcsdefumv/ owfuGif;rsm;udk pepfwusa&G;cs,fum qufoG,f
a&;ypPn;f rsm;/ um;}uD;rsm;ESihf qvdu k rf ;D uJoh @kd taxmuftuljyKypPn;f rsm;udt k oH;k jyKI tifEiS t
hf m;ESihf usL;
vGefcJhonf?
(5) Advk rf LS ;/ Adv
k }f uD;tqif&h adS om wyfrawmfrw S m0ef&o dS rl sm;/ pcef;rSL;tqif&h adS om&Jwyfz@JG rLS ;rsm;udyk if
jypfru
_ sL;vGerf nfo h rl sm;tm; wdu k &f u
kd u f yG u
f aJ pI ppfqifa&;}uD;wckozG,f vkyaf qmifco hJ nf?
(6) jypfru _ sL;vGerf nfo h rl sm;tm; ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f twGi;f a'otoD;oD;rS vlO;D a&(5000) cef@r#&&Sad tmif
pepfwuspak qmif;/ jzef@crJG r_ sm;jyKvkycf o hJ nf?
(7) jypfr_ rusL;vGecf if owif;rxGuaf tmif ydwq f kd ch rhJ KS rsm;/ jypfrKS usL;vGe+f yD;aemuf oufaocHypPn;f ESihf
tavmif; azsmufzsurf r_ sm;/ oufaocHxu G qf rkd nfoh rl sm;tm; jcrd ;f ajcmufwm;qD;/ zrf;qD;xm;r_ rsm;rSm jypfr}_ u;D
wckv;kH vH;k 0 tpte rxGuaf p&ef}udK;yrf;r_rsm;jzpfa=umif;awG@&onf?
(&) a':atmifqef;pk=unftm;axmufco H rl sm;ESihf qef@usio f rl sm;t=um;jzpfymG ;aom yÉdyuQ[I l toifh
50
jyifqifxm;+yD;aom ta=umif;jycsu&f adS eonf? ,if;yÉdyuQtwGi;f a':atmifqef;pk=unfukd qef@usio f rl sm;u

&du
k ef u
S =f u&m vufveG I f uG,v f eG o
f mG ;cJ+h yD[k ta=umif;jyEkid o
f nf?
txufygtcsurf sm;udk axmuf&I _ etzonf a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf trsLd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf.
vlxpk nf;&H;k a&;vkyif ef;rsm;&yfwef@omG ;atmif ajcmufveS @f vo kd nfo h abmjzifo h m 'Dy, J if;t=urf;zufr}_ uD;udk
usL;vGecf o hJ nf[al omtcsuu f kd Ty%mrtpD&ifcpH mwifonft h qifrh mS yif aumfr&Sit f aejzifh vufcEH idk b
f ,
G f
r&Sad cs? a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf OD;wifO;D wd@k tm;taovky}f uHI trsLd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csLyfukd tjywfajcr_e;f
vdok nfo h abmjzifh usL;vGecf o hJ nf&h mZ0wfr}_ uD;jzpfonf[k oH;k oyfonf? a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; t"du
OD;wnfvyk =f uHcohJ nfh }udK;yrf;r_rsm;tjzpf atmufygtwdik ;f tqifh oH;k qifu h akd wG@&&dS onf?
(1) jyif;xefpmG &du k Ef u S w f u kd cf u

kd rf a_ =umifh a':atmifqef;pk=unf.um;udk 0dik ;f &HumuG,v f #uf vHòk cHa&;
wm0ef,x l m;=uonfh vli,ftajrmuftrsm;rSm twH;k t&H;k vJusuek u f s+yD; a':atmifqef;pk=unfxikd af eonfh
um;. aemufreS u f ykd if xd;k azgucf =hJ u+yD;jzpfonf? a':atmifqef;pk=unf.um;armif;ol udak usmpf ;kd vif;rS ‚if;.
ud, k yf ikd q
f ;kH jzwfcsujf zifh xd;k azguaf rmif;xGuef ikd I f om yxrowfuiG ;f ae&mrS vGwaf jrmufomG ;cJjh cif;jzpfonf?
(2) xdo k @kd x;kd azgux f u G v f maom a':atmifqef;pk=unf.um;udk 'dik ef mum;(2)pD;jzifh twif;0ifa&muf
wdu k cf ukd &f ef qnfajrmif;0if;twGi;f rS tm%mydik rf sm;u trde@f ay;cJ&h m xdu k m;(2)pD;udk wdr;f a&Smifeikd cf o hJ nft h jyif
}udKwifwm;qD;xm;onfo h q H ;l }udK;(3)wef;udyk g xd;k azmufjzwfausmaf rmif;ESiEf idk cf o hJ jzifoh m 'kw, d owfuiG ;f
ae&mrS vGwaf jrmufvmcJjh cif;jzpfonf?
(3) ¶du k Ef u S wf u kd cf u kd vf yk }f uHonft h =um;rS vGwaf jrmufomG ;onfu h m;rsm;udk ydwq f @kd zrf;qD;&ef/ vdt k yfyg
u ypfcwfzrf;qD;&ef qnfajrmif;0if;twGi;f &Sd Adv k rf ;ª wOD;u OD;aqmifne$ =f um;aecJo h nf? a':atmifqef;pk=unf
.um; xd;k azmufjzwfausmf armif;ESix f u G o
f mG ;onft h csed w
f iG f qnfajrmif;0if;twGi;f rS ypfred ahf y;oHrsm;ESihf
aoewfoHrsm;udk=um;cJh&onfh oufaorsm;&Sdonf? odk@jzpfI a':atmifqef;pk=unfrSm tqdkygypfcwfr_rsm;
t=um;rS vGwaf jrmufvmcJo h nf[k ,lqedik o f nf?
od@k jzpfI etzonf a':atmifqef;pk=unfukd vky=f uHEidk af vmufonftxd pOf;pm;pDpOfcjhJ cif;rSm tb,f
a=umifeh nf;[k qufvufo;kH oyf&ef vdt k yfvmygonf? rvky=f uv H #if rjzpfEidk af wmhonft h ajctae a&muf&adS e+y/D
a':atmifqef;pk=unf toufxif&mS ;&Sad e+yD; Ekid if aH &;vkyif ef;rsm;qufvufvyk af qmifEidk af eao;v#if rdrw d @kd
tm%mwnfjrJa&;rSm vH;k 0 tmrcHcsuf r&Sad wmh[k etzu ¶_jrifvmyH&k onf? t}uD;tus,pf ;kd &drv f myH&k onf?
,if;od@k pd;k &dr&f onfah emufct H a=umif;rSm etzonf vufawG@wiG f wdik ;f jynfuv kd r$ ;f rd;k tkycf sLyf&mY tcuftcJ
aygi;f pHEk iS hf awG@}uHKae&onf?
tajccHjynfov l x l .k pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;jyoemrsm;udk vH;k 0 r&Si;f edik ?f vlxw k &yfv;kH rSm wae@xuf wae@
t=uyftwnf;rsm; ydI k awG@vmae&onf? tdref ;D csi;f ekid if rH sm;jzpfaom w&ky/f tdE, dN ESihf xdik ;f ekid if w H @kd xrH S wpHk
w&m tultnDrsm;&&Sdaeaomfvnf; wdkif;jynf.pD;yGm;a&;OD;armhvmaponftxd tajymif;tvJvkyfEkdif
avmufatmif r&&Scd ?hJ b%fjyoemrsm;jzpfymG ;cJ+h yD;aemuf aiGrrJ sm;jzifu h sm;uefaeojzifo h m pD;yGm;a&;òydvJ roGm;
cJah omfvnf; Oya'pd;k rd;k a&; r&Sad oma=umifh Ekid if jH cm;rS&if;ES;D jrKyfEo HS nfh ukr% ` tD ajrmuftrsm; qkwcf mG oGm;r_rsm;
tygt0if pD;yGm;a&;t=uyftwnf;rSm }uD;rm;onfxuf }uD;rm;vmaecJo h nf?
wdik ;f &if;om;vufeufuikd t f zG@J tpnf;tawmfrsm;rsm;ESihf typftcwf&yfpaJ &;vkyx f m;+y;D aemuf +ird ;f csr;f a&;
&ae+yD[k etzrSaºuG;ausmaf eaomfvnf; ‚if;tzG@J tpnf;rsm;ud, k w
f ikd uf Ekid if aH &;t& rnfonfo h abmwlnD
csurf # r&ao;acs? etzESihf typftcyf&yfpaJ &;rvkyb f J qufvufwu kd yf 0JG ifaeonfh wdik ;f &if;om;vufeufuikd f
tzG@J tpnf;tawmfrsm;rsm;vnf; &Sad eao;onf? xd@k tjyif jynfwiG ;f rS Edik if aH &;tiftm;pkrsm;/ v_y&f mS ;wuf
ºuGorl sm;/ jynforl sm;. trSew f &m;udk &J0@H pmG xkwaf zmfajymqdrk r_ sm;rSm +yD;cJo h nfw h ESpaf usmt f csed u f mvwGif
51
t&Sed &f vma=umif;awG@&onf? jynfywGiaf &muf¶adS e=uaom 'Dru kd a&pDa&;tiftm;pkrsm;ESihf wdik ;f &if;om; tif
tm;pkrsm;. óud;yrf;r_rsm;a=umifv h nf; etz. rw&m;tkycf sLyfrr_ sm;udk urBmu wjznf;jznf;ydI k ydI k odvmae
onf? tar&duef/ uae'g/ t*Fvef/ Oa&myor*~/ *syefpaom 'Dru kd a&pDeikd if }H uD;rsm;. zdtm;rSmvnf; wjznf;
jznf; wd;k wufvmaeonf? od@k jzpfI etzonf Ekid if aH &;t&vnf; xGuaf ygu&f mS &cufonft h ajctaeod@k wjznf;
jznf; a&mufvmv#u¶f o dS nf? TwGif ‚if;wd@k qufvuftm%mwnfjraJ &;twGuf pd;k &drrf r_ sm;&Sv d mrnfrmS tao
tcsmjzpfonf?
Tod@k aom aemufct H ajctaersm;atmufwiG f a':atmifqef;pk=unfrOS ;D aqmifI wdik ;f ESijhf ynfe,f toD;
oD;od@k pnf;&H;k a&;c&D;pOfrsm;xGucf &hJ m r,HEk idk pf &maumif;avmufatmifyif atmifjrifrr_ sm;&vmonf? c&D;pOf
wck+yD;wck vlxak xmufcrH y_ I dk ydI
k &vmcJo h nf? etz tm%mydik rf sm;/ =uHzh @HG rsm;. [ef@wm;aESmuf,u S rf r_ sm;
t=um;rSyif a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS t hf zG@J tm; axmifaomif;csaD omjynforl sm;u vdu _ v f u _d v f v JS óJS udq=kd u
onf? txufjrefrmjynfpnf;&H;k a&;c&D;pOfrsm;rSm tatmifjrifq;kH jzpfonf? vlyifv,f}uD;wr# tm;aumif;vS
aomvlx}k uD;u a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf trsLd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csLyftm; axmufcaH =umif;jzifh vrf;rrsm;
ay:od@k ajymifajymifwif;wif;xGu+f yD; vufcw k =f obmrsm; aomif;aomif;nHay;Ijyo=uonf? vlx'k aD &vdi_ ;f
wHydk;}uD;onf wjznf;jznf;ºuGwufvmcJhonf? txufjrefrmjynfrSwqifh atmufjrefrmEdkifiHw0Srf;vHk;odk@
ul;pufys@H E@HS um etz. tkycf sLyfru _ kd udik v f y_ af wmhrnft h aetxm;od@k OD;wnfvmcJo h nf?
Tod@k aomtajctaeatmufwiG f etzonf aemufq;kH vufeufuo kd mxkwo f ;kH &awmhonf? ,if;rSm
Ekid if aH wmft=urf;zufr_ (State Terrorism)udk usio hf ;kH +yD; a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS t hf zG@J tm; t=urf;zufajcr_e;f I
wjynfv;kH Y ta=umufw&m;}uD;}uD;rm;rm;jzpfay:atmif zefw;D um etz tm%mwnfjrJa&;udk rjzpfrae
qufvufwnfaqmufomG ;&efjzpfonf? ,if;rSm 'Dy, J if;vky}f uHr}_ uD;udk etz usL;vGe&f onft h ajccHta=umif;
jzpfonf[k aumfr&Sirf S oH;k oyfonf?
wcsed wf nf;wGif 'Dy, J if;vky=f uHr}_ uD;ESiphf yfvsO;f I ,cktcsed t f xd aumfr&Sirf S vufvrS ;f rrDojzifh rodEikd f
ao;aom ta=umif;tcsurf sm;pGm &Sad eqJjzpfonf?'Dy, J if;vky=f uHr=_ uD;udk etz. xdyyf ikd ;f acgi;f aqmifrsm;xJrS
rnfo. l wdu k &f u
kd tf rde@f ay;n$e=f um;csut f & usL;vGecf o hJ nf/ rnfo@kd aom r[mAsL[mpDrcH sucf srw S I f usL;vGef
cJo
h nf/ vufawG@owfuiG ;f wGif ±ku d Ef u
S o f wfjzwfru _ sL;vGe&f ef rnforl sm; rnfo@kd rnfykH cGaJ 0wm0ef,cl =hJ uonf?
tavmif;rsm;udk rnfonfah e&mrsm;wGif rnfo@kd rnfykH azsmufzsux f m;cJoh nf pojzifh aumfr&Sirf S razmfxw k Ef ikd f
aomta=umif;tcsufrsm;pGm&SdaeqJjzpfonf?
od@k &mwGif Ty%mrtpD&ifcpH mY pkpnf;wifjyxm;aom rsujf rifoufaoxGucf surf sm; tjcm;taxmuf
txm;rsm;/ ywf0ef;usit f ajctaersm;udo k ;kH oyfum 'Dy, J if;vky=f uHr}_ uD;wGif etz.wm0ef&rdS r_ mS rl jiif;uG,f
r&atmif ay:vGiv f su&f o dS nf? tao;pdyt f csut f vufrsm; ydrk I kd wdusjynfph pkH mG od&adS zmfxw k Ef ikd &f efrmS rl tcsi;f
jzpfae&mudk oGm;a&muf=unf&h p_ pfaq;um rsujf rifoufaorsm;/ cHpm;cJ&h onfh um,uH&iS rf sm;/ wm0ef&edS tz
tm%mydik rf sm;udk Edik if w H umrS todtrSwjf yKvufcEH ikd af om t&nftcsi;f ESihf jynfph I kH vGwv f yfaom pHpk rf;a&;
aumfr&Siw f &yfrS tcsed , f u l mppfaq;=um;em+yD;rSom jynfph akH omtpD&ifcpH mudk ed*;kH csKyfo;kH oyfcsuEf iS t hf wl
wifoiG ;f Edik rf nf jzpfayonf?
(1) jynfwiG ;f rS aumfr&Sio f @kd wukd &f u

kd af y;yd@k aomowif;tcsut
f vufrsm;/
(2) trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. arv (27)&ufae@ &ufpyJG g a=unmcsut f rSw/f 6(5§03)ESihf jynfwiG ;f rS
aumfr&Sio f @kd ay;yd@k onfh owif;tcsut f vufrsm;? toHvi$ Xhf mersm;ESiq
hf ufo, G af jym=um;csurf sm;?
52
(3) 0ÀarmifEiS hf armifz;kd aZmf(c) armifaZmfw@kd . oufaotjzpftppfccH surf sm;ESio hf wif;Xmersm;od@k

xkwaf zmfajym=um; csurf sm;?
(4) arv(31)&ufae@wiG jf yKvkyo f nfh etz.owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGEJ iS fh rsujf rifoufaorsm;.xGuq f ckd suf
rsm;?
(5) udak tmifatmifEiS hf udEk ikd Ef ikd w f @kd . oufaoxGuq f ckd surf sm;?
(6) udEk idk Ef ikd Ef iS hf udak tmifatmifw@kd . oufaoxGuq f ckd surf sm;?
(7) a':nGe@f neG @f EiS hf udrk if;ode;f wd@k .oufaoxGuq f ckd surf sm;/ jynfyowif;Xmersm;ESiahf wG@qakH r;jref;csuf
rsm;?
(8) aZmfaZmfatmif/ 0Àarmif/ udrk if;ode;f / a':nGe@f neG @f / udck ifO;D wd@k .oufaoxGuq f ckd surf sm;?
(9) a':nGe@f neG @f EiS u hf rkd if;ode;f wd@k .oufaoxGuq f ckd surf sm;?
(10) a':nGe@f neG @f . jynfyowif;Xmersm;od@k jyefvnfajymjycsurf sm;?
(11) 0Àarmif/a':nGe@f neG @f / rif;ode;f / wd@k .oufaoxGuq f ckd surf sm;/
(12) udEk ikd Ef ikd /f udak tmifatmif/ armifz;kd aZmf(c)armifaZmfw@kd .oufaoxGuq f ckd surf sm;/
(13) udEk ikd Ef ikd . f oufaoxGuf qdck su?f
(14) udEk ikd Ef ikd . f oufaoxGuf qdck su?f
(15) armifz;kd aZmf(c) armifaZmf ESiu hf rkd if;ode;f wd@k .oufaoxGuq f ckd surf sm;?
(16) udEk ikd Ef ikd Ef iS u hf akd tmifatmifw@kd . oufaoxGuq f ckd surf sm;?
(17) udak tmifatmifEiS hf udEk ikd Ef ikd w f @kd . oufaoxGuq f ckd surf sm;/ jynfyowif;Xmersm;ESiahf wG@qkH ar;jref;
csufrsm;?
(18) aumfr&Sio f @kd jynfwiG ;f rSwu kd &f u kd af y;yd@k onfo
h wif;tcsut f vufrsm;t& a&$bckd &dik (f c,u)OuUX
jzpfol Adv k rf ;_ =u;D oef;[ef [ko&d &dS onf/ aumfr&Sit f aejzift h wnfjyKEdik &f efqufvufppkH rf;qJjzpfonf?
(19) udEk ikd Ef ikd /f udak tmifatmif/wd@k .oufaoxGuq f ckd surf sm;/
(20) udEk ikd Ef ikd . f xGuq f ckd su?f
(21) udEk ikd Ef ikd . f xGuq f ckd su?f
(22) udak usmv f iG jf ynfyowif;Xmersm;ESiq hf ufo, G af jym=um;csu?f
(23) udEk ikd Ef ikd Ef iS u hf akd tmifatmifw@kd .oufaoxGuq f ckd surf sm;?
(24) ZGev f (1)&ufae@xw k jf refrmhtvif;owif;pmyg/ ar(31)&ufae@nae(4)em&DwiG jf yKvkyo f nfeh tz.
owif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJ?
(25) udak usmv f iG . f jynfyowif;Xmersm;ESiahf wG@qakH r;jref;csurf sm;?
(26) udEk ikd Ef ikd /f udak tmifatmif/ udzk ;kd aZmf ESi0hf Àarmifw@kd . oufaoxGuq f ckd surf sm;?
(27) udrk if;ode;f ESiahf ':nGe@f neG @f w@kd .oufaoxGuq f ckd surf sm;?
(28) udak ZmfaZmfatmif/.jynfyowif;XmeESiahf wG@qakH r;jref;csuEf iS hf udrk if;ode;f .oufaoxGuq f ckd su?f
(29) udak ZmfaZmfatmif. jynfyowif;XmeESiahf wG@qakH r;jref;csu?f
(30) udEk ikd Ef ikd /f ESihf udak tmifatmif wd@k . tppfccH surf sm;/ udak ZmfaZmfatmifEiS hf awG@qakH r;jref;csurf sm;/
(31) udEk ikd Ef ikd Ef iS u hf akd tmifatmifw@kd .oufaoxGuq f ckd surf sm;?
(32) udEk ikd Ef ikd . f oufaoxGuq f ckd su?f
53
tcef; ( 5 )
'DyJ,if;vkyf}uHr+}uD;ukd jrifawGŒcJh&onfh
rsufjrifoufaorsm;. xGufqkdcsufrsm;
(1) ukcd ifO;D

(2) 0Àarmif
(3) a':!Ge@f !eG @f
(4) ukrd if;ode;f
(5) armifz;dk aZmf (ac: ) armifaZmf
(6) ukad tmifatmif
(7) ukdEkdifEkdif
54
r&rf;ukef;òrdŒe,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf (òrdŒe,fpnf;&Hk;a&;tzGJŒ0if)

udkcifOD;. uwdopPmjyKxGufqkdcsuf
trnf ukdcifOD;
touf (37)ESpf
arG;ae@ouU&mZf 3-9-1966
tztrnf OD;vSxGef;
trdtrnf a':cifpk
rSwfykHwiftrSwf trf0kdif*sD 163 815
vlrsKd; jrefrm
bmom Ak'<bmom
ynmt&nftcsif; tXrwef;
ae&yfvyd pf m trSwf (71 )/ ol&vrf; / ( 9 )&yfuu
G /f r&rf;uke;f òrd@e,f/ &efuek w
f idk ;f
usaemfarmifcifO;D onf 'Dy,

J if;vky=f uHowfjzwfrE_ iS phf yfvsO;f I uwdopPmjyKxGuq
f o
kd nfrmS æ
1? rdr. d trnfrmS cifO;D jzpf+yD;/ zcifO;D vSxeG ;f ESirhf cd if a':cifpk wd@k rS rauG;wdik ;f / òrdiòf rd@e,f/ vuf,ufr
aus;&Gm Y 1966 ckEpS f pufwifbmv(3)&ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJyh gonf?
18-3-88 aom=umae@wiG f &efuek òf rd@/ odr}f uD;aps;(pD)&Hak &S@wiG f qENjy/ qlyrl r_ sm;jzpfymG ;+yD; tm%mykid f
rsm;u zrf;qD;I tif;pdet f usO;f axmifwiG f (3)veD;yg; xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&Jh onf? 1-6-88 ae@wiG f jyefvnf
vGwfajrmufcJhygonf//
trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyf pwifxal xmifonhf 27-9-88 rSpI tzG@J csKyfo@dk 0ifa&mufcyhJ gonf? tzG@J 0if
trSw(f 2401247)+zifh tzG@J csKyf tzG@J 0if jzpfvmcJyh gonf? xk@d aemuf tzG@J csKyf òrd@e,fvil ,f/ b¾ma&;rSL;wm0ef/
1990 jy!fEh pS f ygwpD 'Hk rD udk a&pDtaxGaxGa±G;aumufyu JG mvwGif r&rf;uke;f òrd@e,f/ tzJ@G csKyf/ a&G;aumufyGJ atmif
Ekid af &;aumfrwDwiG f owif;ESifh jyef=um;a&;/ vk+H cKHa&;wm0ef ponhf wm0efrsm;ukd yl;wGx J rf;aqmifcyhJ gonf//
2? 10-7-95 tzJ@G csKyf/ taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª; a':atmifqef;pk=unf aetdrt f us,cf sKyfrS jyefvnf
vGwaf jrmufvm+yD;aemuf/ r&rf;uke;f òrd@e,f/ tzJ@G csKyf/ qufo, G af &;zdw=f um;a&;vli,ftzJ@G (vli,fvyk if ef;tzJ@G )
wm0efc(H 3)tjzpf wm0efay;tyf+cif; cHc&hJ ygonf? &efuek w f ikd ;f / qufo, G zf w
d =f um;a&;vli,ftzJ@G . vrf;n$erf _
jzifh tzG@J csKyf. Ekid if aH &;vkyif ef;/ pnf;&k;H a&;vkyif ef;/ tzJ@G twGi;f vk+H cKHa&;vkyif ef;rsm;ukd vkyu f idk cf o
hJ nf? 9-9-
98 ae@wiG f tzJ@G csKyf. jynfo@l vw $ af wmfac:,la&; vkyif ef;pOfwiG f yg0ifaqmif&u G cf o hJ jzifh tm%mykid rf sm;u
&JreG w f yfòrd@/ wyfr(11)/ c-r-&(215)wGif xde;f odr;f cJyh gonf//
21-12-98ae@wiG f jyefvnfvw G af jrmufc+hJ yD; r&rf;uke;f òrd@e,f/ tzJ@G csKyf/ pnf;±k;H a&;tzG@J / wGzJ uf twGi;f
a&;rª;tjzpf 2002ckEpS t f xd wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ nf? xk@d aemuf òrd@e,fpnf;±k;H a&;tzG@J 0iftjzpf qufvuf
wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhygonf?
24- 8- 2000 ae@ taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª; a':atmifqef;pk=unf. &efuek w f idk ;f / wGaH w;òrd@e,f vli,f
55
vkyif ef;tzG@J zG@J pnf;a&;c&D;pOfwiG f a':atmifqef;pk=unf. teD;uyfv+Hk cKHa&;wm0ef&o Sd w

l OD;taejzifh vku d yf g
cho
J nf? tm%mykid rf sm;u xkcd &D;pOftm; aESmih, f u S [f ef@wm;cJo h nf? &Jwyfz@JG &Jr;ª csKyf atmifE, G /f 'k &Jr;ª }uD;
rsK;d vGiw f @dk u rdrw
d @dk tm; 'vòrd@/ usepf pfom;&yfuu G ±f dS v,fuiG ;f jyifwiG f 1-9- 2000 ae@txd rw&m; wm;qD;
ydwyf ifco Jh nf? 1-9-2000 ae@/ (11;45)em&D tcsed cf ef@wiG f rdrw d @dk tm; twif;t"rRa&wGiEf pS I f /vufxyd f
cwf+yD;zrf;qD;cho J nf?xk@d aemuftrSw(f 54) wuUov dk &f yd o
f mvrf;/ &efuek òf rd@&Sd taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;. aetdrf
ok@d yk@d aqmif+yD; rdrw d @dk tm; tus,cf sKyfcsxm;cho
J nf// 14-9-2000 ae@wiG f taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;ESit hf wl
tus,cf sKyfrS v$waf +rmufcyhJ gonf//
3? 21- 9-2000ae@ taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL; a':atmifqef;pk=unf. Ekid if aH &;vkyif ef;pOfwckjzpfonhf
rE aW v;wkid ;f / vli,fvyk if ef;tzG@J zG@J pnf;a&;c&D;pOfwiG f rdrEd iS fh ukad t;xGe;f (A[kvd il ,f-taxmuftuljyKtzJ@G /
tzG@J 0if)wk@d u um;eHygwf 7u§ 5661 jzifh a&S@ajy;vk+H cKHa&;wm0ef,&l ef 19-9-2000ae@wiG &f efuek rf S óudwif
xGucf mG cho J nf? xdak e@n (12; 00)em&Dtcsed Yf &efuek òf r@d jyif&Sd axmuf=u@H ppfaq;a&;*dww f iG f ppftm%mykid rf sm;.
a':atmifqef;pk-unf. &efukefwkdif;/ wGHaw;òrdŒe,f vli,f vkyfief;tzGJŒ zGJŒpnf;a&;c&D;pOfukd

'vòrdŒ usefppfom;&yfuGuf±Sd v,fuGif;jyifwGif 24=8= 200 &ufaeŒrS 1=9= 2000 aeŒtxd
etz tm%mykdifwkdŒ rw&m; wm;qD;ydwfyifchJpOfu
zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;udk cHc&hJ ygonf//

rdrwd @dk (2)OD;tm; A[kad xmufvrS ;f a&;wyf/ ppfa=uma&;Xme (a&=unftidk )f wGif ,m,D xde;f odr;f cho J nf?
tzJ@G csKyf A[kt d vkytf rlaqmiftzG@J 0ifrsm; vGwaf jrmufcsed w f iG f rdrw
d @dk vnf; jyefvnfvw G af jrmufvmcJyh gonf?
xk@d aemuf tzG@J csKyf. Ekid if aH &;vkyif ef; pOfrsm;tm; qufIwm0ef,cl yhJ gonf? 6-5-2002 ae@wiG f ppftm%mykid f
rsm;u tzG@J csKyf/ taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª; a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; aetdrt f us,cf sKyfcsxm;jcif;rS jyefvnf
v$waf y;cJ+h yD;aemuf rdro d nf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;. vk+H cKHa&;wm0efrsm;udk atmufygtwkid ;f xrf;aqmifchJ
ygonf//
(1) omrn c&D;pOf 14-6-2002 rS 15-6-2002
(2) rauG;wkdif;/ rE Wav;wkdif;c&D;pOf 20-6-2002 r 29-6-2002
(3) rGef+ynfe,fc&D;pOf 20-7-2002 rS 23-7-2002
(4) yJcl;wkdif;taemuf+crf;c&D;pOf 13-7-2002 rS 17-7-2002
(5) ±Srf;+ynfe,fc&D;pOf 13-11-2002 rS 27-11-2002
(6) &ckdifjynfe,f/{&m0wDwkdif;c&D;pOf 16-12-2002 rS 24-12-2002
56
(7) csif;+ynfe,fc&D;pOf 3-4-2003 rS 13-4-2003

(8) yJc;l wkid ;f / yJc;l òrd@e,f y¾dw&mr awm&y&d,wWd pmoifwu dk t f vSLc&D;pOf
(9) ucsi+f ynfe,f/ ppfuidk ;f wkid ;f / rE aW v;wkid ;f c&D;pOfrsm;
xk@d jyif taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;. aetdr+f cH0if;vk+H cKHa&;/ &efuek w f idk ;f twGi;f c&D;pOfrsm;wGif teD;uyfv+Hk cKHa&;
ponhw
f m0efrsm;ukd xrf;aqmifcyhJ gonf//
4? 6-5-2003 eHeuf(5)em&DwiG f ucsijf ynfe,fc&D;pOf pwif&ef a':atmifqef;pk=unf. aetdrjf cHtwGi;f

rS xGucf mG cJ=h uygonf// a':atmifqef;pk=unfum;. um;a&S@cef;wGif ,mOfarmif; udrk sK;d nGe@f (rE aW v;)ESit hf wl
udxk eG ;f aZmfaZmf/ tv,fcef;wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unfvu dk yf gco
Jh nf? aemufcef;wGif rdrEd iS t fh wl udrk if;vGi/f
udrk ;kd aZmf/ udo k ef;xGe;f / udrk sKd ;!Ge@f / udo k ufxeG ;f / udw k ;kd vGiw
f @dk vdu k yf gvmonf? arv (6)&ufae@ n(12)em&D
cef@wiG f rE aW v;ok@d a&muf&cSd o Jh nf?
OD;wifO;D awmif;athpu f m;wGif rE aW v;wdik ;f rS OD;atmifp;dk (,mOfarmif;)/ A[kv d il ,fvyk if ef;tzJ@G . jyef=um;
a&;tzG@J 0ifrsm;jzpfonhf udo k ed ;f pd;k / udjk rifah usmw
f @kd vdu
k yf gvmcJyh gonf?
OD;pde0f if; (yJc;l wdik ;f /tif;waumfòrd@e,f pnf;&H;k a&; aumfrwD)armif;ESio f nfh 'dik ef mum;wGif OD;vSrif;/ OD;xGe;f
jrif/h udak tmifx;l / udak usmZf if0if;wd@k vdu k yf g vmonf?
5? ucsijf ynfe,fc&D;pOftwGi;f vrf;c&D;wavsmufwiG f atmufygtwdik ;f aESmih, f u

S cf cH &Jh onf?
10-5-2003&ufae@/ n(9)em&Dcef@wiG f ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f /tif;awmfòrd@o@kd a&muf&ydS gonf? tif;awmfòrd@t0if
wGif ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f / rH&k mG c¶dik }f uHzh @GH twGi;f a&;rª;jzpfonfh OD;aX;atmifO;D pD;onfh tiftm;(70)rS(100)t=um;&Sd
}uzhH @HG tzG@J 0ifrsm;u rdrw d @kd ukd atmf[pfIqENjycJ=h uygonf? wkwcf |e/f 0g;&if;wkw/f ausmufcpJ onhf vufeufrsm;udk
atmufwiG f toihcf sxm;+yD; qENjyaejcif;jzpfonf? xdak wG@&cdS surf sm;udk tzJ@G csKyf. jyef=um;a&;tzJ@G u AG'D , D /kd
"gwyf rkH sm;jzih&f u dk u f ;l I rSww f rf;wifxm;ygonf?
11-5-2003 &ufae@ tif;awmfrS uom+rdK@o@kd xu G cf mG cho
J nf? uomok@d ra&mufrD (2)rdik cf ef@tvdw k iG f
rH&k mG c&dik /f }uHzh @GH twGi;f a&;rª;jzpfol OD;aX;atmifacgi;f aqmifonhf }uHzh @HG tzG@J 0ifrsm;/ tca=u;aiGay;I ac:xm;ol
rsm;udk rdrw d @kd awG@&ygonf?tif;awmfwiG f awG@&ouJo h @kd rdrw d @kd tm; qef@usiq f ENjy=urnfh vlta&twGuf
(500)cef@ teD;wGif wkwrf sm;/ ausmufcrJ sm;udk awG@&cdS &hJ ygonf//
rH&k mG c&dik /f =uHzh @HG toif;/ twGi;f a&;rª;jzpfol OD;aX;atmifonf c&dik af t;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zG@H òzd;a&;aumifpD
OuUX(c,u) Adv k rf ;ª }uD; jrifEh ikd u f ykd if *¶krpdu k /f tav;rxm;a=umif; rdrw d @kd jrifawG@&ygonf? c¶dik (f c,u)
Adv k rf ;ª }uD;jzpfou l “aX;atmif/ rif;wd@k tvkyf rif;wd@k vyk =f u? 'D {nfo h nfjzpfwhJ a':atmifqef;pk=unfvnf;
olw@kd vrf; olw@kd oGm;vdrrhf ,f”[kajymqd+k yD;/ a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; c¶dik f Adv k rf ;ª }uD;uk,d w f idk vf ma&mufI
awmif;yefonfudk rdrdwdk@jrifawG@&ygonf? =uHhzGH@twGif;a&;r_;jzpfol OD;aX;atmifu “olwdk@ t&ifoGm;&rS
usaemfw@kd omG ;r,f” pojzihf tjyeftvSeaf jymqkad e=uonf udv k nf; rdrw d @kd u, kd w
f ikd f =um;odc&hJ ygonf?
rdrw d @kd tzG@J 0ifrsm; uomòrd@o@kd a&muf&+dS yD;aemuf/ a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS fh uomrS tzJ@G csKyf tzG@J 0ifrsm;
awG@q=kH uonf? n (8)em&Dausmcf ef@wiG f rdrw d @dk jyefvnfxu G cf mG =u&m OD;aX;atmifu uom+rdK@ txufwef;
ausmif;a&S@wiG f &yfwef@apmihq f idk ;f aeonf? ausmif;0if;xJwiG f OD;aX;atmif OD;pD;onfh =uhzH @HG tzG@J 0if (1000)ausmf
cef@u rD;yHyk jJG yKvkyaf e=uonf? rdrw d @kd ,mOfwef;jzwfomG ;cdu k w f iG f ‚if;wk@d u ‘igw@kd atmif+yD/ atmif+yD’[k [pf
atmfaºuG;a=umf=uonfukd rdrw d @dk ,mOfwef;wGif twlvu kd yf gvmolrsm; =um;od/ óuHawG@c&hJ ygonf? xkad e@ ae@
vnfu ‚if;wd@ku, kd wf ik d f vkyaf qmifco h J nfv h yk &f yfrsm;ESiyf h wfoufI rD;yHyk u J G si;f ypOf/ wkw/f wkwcf |ef ponhf vufeufrsm;ukd
ukid af jrm‡ ufum ‘igw@kd atmif+y/D atmif+y’D [k aºu;G a=umfae=uygonf?
57
arv(13)&ufae@ zm;uef@òrd@o@kd ra&mufrD erf@rppfaus;&Gm t0ifwiG f =uH@z@HG tzG@J 0ifrsm;u “jynfytm;ud;k

ykqed &f ;kd /tqd;k jrif0g'rD sm;tm; qef@usi=f u” pmom;yg&o dS nfq h ikd ;f bkwif ,frsm; udik af qmifI toHww d q f ENjy
aESmif, h u S o
f nfukd óuHawG@&ygonf?
arv (16)&uf eHeuf(6)em&Dcef@wiG f jrpf}u;D em;òr@d o@kd qufvufxu G cf mG vm&m/ eHeuf(8)em&Dcef@wiG f jrpf}u;D
em;òrd@t0if eef;auG@ww H m;teD;wGif =uH@z@HG tzG@J 0if(300)cef@u vrf;ab;0J,mrS“jynfytm; ud;k ykqed &f ;kd /jynfe,f
at;csrf;om,ma&;udkaESmifh,SufzsufqD;olrsm;tm;qef@usif=u/”“trsKd;omoem cdk;,lzsufqD;olrsm;tm;
qef@usi=f u/acsre_ ;f =u”[k ydpk wmrsm;ESihf t0wfezl;pnf;rsm;udu k ikd af qmifv#uf oGm;rnfv h rf;wGif ydwq f @kd [ef@
wm; qlyal ESmif, h u
S cf ohJ nf? qef@usiq f ENjyrnfo h rl sm;ESihf rvSr;f rurf;wGif t"du&k%;f ESrd ef if;a&; vHx k ed ;f &Jwyf
om;rsm;tm; 'kwf 'dik ;f rsm;udik af qmif+yD; toifah pmifq h ikd ;f ae=uonfukd awG@&onf?
2003 ckEpS /f arv (20)&uf Aef;armf+rdK@t0if oH;k rdik &f mG od@k eHeuf(3)em&DwiG af &muf&cdS o hJ nf? xdak us;&GmwGif
wkw/f "g;rsm;udik af qmifxm;ol =uH@cikd zf @HG +zdK;a&;tzG@J 0if (300)ausmcf ef@u vdik pf ifeyH gwjf ym; rygaom um;rsm;
ESihf qdik u
f ,frsm;udtk oH;k jyK+yD;/ Oya'udak jAmifususcsKd ;azmufI uef@uu G qf ENjyaESmif,h u
S cf o hJ nf? trsKd ;om;'Drkd
ua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS udx k eG ;f aZmfaZmf udik af qmifonfh AG'D , D u
kd ifr&mudyk if vk,&l ef óud;pm;cJo h nf?
6? rdrw d @kd armfawmf,mOfwef;&dS um;rsm;ay:wGif rnfonfv h ufeufr# ,laqmifcjJh cif; r&Syd g? c&D;a0;oGm;&
onft h wGuf vrf;c&D;wGif "gwq f t D cuftcJ r&Sad p&ef/ (16)*gvq H ef@onfh "gwq f yD ;kH wyH;k wifaqmifvmygonf/
c&D;pOfwavsmuf teD;uyfvòkH cHa&;,lxm;ol vli,frsm;xJwiG f xkyd ;Hk ukd rnforl # wa,mufwnf; o,frEdik jf cif;
r&dyS g? xd@k a=umifh tqkyd g (16)*gvyH ;kH udk óud;uGi;f pGy+f yD; vl(2)a,mufrI qDjznhEf ikd af p&eftwGuf vkt d yfonhf
ESpf wvuRt&G,f opfom;wkww f acsmif;udk aqmifxm;ygonf// xdu k pd u
P kd teD;uyfvjkH cHKa&; wm0ef,x l m;ol
vli,frsm;tm;vH;k od=uygonf?
ucsijf ynfe,f-rE aW v;wkid ;f -ppfuikd ;f wkid ;f c&D;pOfwiG f 'Dy, J if;vlowfy}JG uD;yHpk rH sKd ;uJo h @kd wkud cf u dk rf r_ sK;d ukd óuH
awG@c&Jh ygonf? rE aW v;wdik ;f / pOfu h ;l òrd@e,f/ usnaf wmufayguaf us;&GmESihf EG,¶f akH us;&Gmrsm;wGif tm%mydik f
rsm;yl;aygi;f yg0ifaom =urf;=urf;wrf;wrf; [ef@wm;aESmif, h u S jf cif;udk óuHawG@c&hJ ygonf? n (8) em&DcEJG iS hf (9)
em&Dcef@wiG f }uHzh @HG tzG@J rsm; pDeif;vdu k yf gvmonfh 'dik ef mum; (3)pD;/ [dik ;f vyfum; (4)pD;/ pkpak ygi;f um;(7)pD;cef@u
rdrw
d @kd ,mOfwef;/ txl;ojzifh a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS fh rdrw d @kd vu dk yf gvmonfu h m;udk 0J,mrSny‡ u f m/wdu k v f ek ;D yg;
jzpfonftxd aESmih, f u S cf o
Jh nf? xku d m;rsm;ay:wGif ygvmolrsm;u wkw/f 0g;c|e/f ausmufcJ ponhv f ufeuf
rsm;jzihf rdrw d @kd .um;udk xkEu S rf nfyh o kH ¾efjyKvkyI f ajcmufveS @f onfuv kd nf;}uKHawG@&ygonf? pOfu h ;l òrd@t0if
wGif xdu k m;rsm;ay:rS avmufav;cGjzihf ypfcwfwu dk cf u
dk o
f jzifh rdrw d @dk bufrS rE aW v;wdik ;f / tzJ@G csKyftzJ@G 0if vli,f
(1)OD; '%f&m&&Scd yhJ gonf? xd@k a=umifh 'kw, d OuUX OD;wifO;D u pOfu h ;l òrd@ &Jpcef;wGif tr_ziG w hf ikd =f um;cJyh gonf?
7? 29-5-2003 ckae@wiG f a':atmifqef;pk=unf/ 'k-OuUX OD;wifO;D wk@d acgi;f aqmifonhf rdrw d @dk tzG@J onf
rE aW v;wdik ;f ¶H;k rS rH&k mG c&D;pOfukd pwifxuG cf mG cJyh gonf? ppfuikd ;f òrd@o@kd (10)em&DccJG ef@wiG f a&muf&o
dS nf? ppfuikd ;f
wHwm;xdyw f iG f OD;aX;atmif OD;pD;onfh =uH@cikd zf @HG òzda&;tzG@J 0if tiftm; (150)cef@u qdik ;f bkwrf sm; udik af qmifjyD;/
[pfatmfqENjyaeonfukd jrifawG@&ygonf? rdrw d @kd EiS t
hf wlvu
kd yf gvmonf, h mOfwef;twGi;f rS armfawmf,mOf
rsm;u rnfo@kd r# wk@H jyefjcif; rjyKcJyh g/ xdt k csed w f iG f rdro d nf a':atmifqef;pk=unf.um;aemufcef;wGif vdu k yf g
vmygonf? (12)em&DccJG ef@wiG f jrif;rlòrd@o@kd a&muf&cdS yhJ g onf? udw k ifxÉG Of ;D (v,fa0;òrd@e,f/ trSw(f 1)rJqENe,f
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,/f txufjrefrmjynf vli,fjyefvnfz@JG pnf;a&;wm0efc)H OD;aqmif+yD; òrd@e,f vli,fz@JG
pnf;a&;vkyif ef;rsm; vkyaf qmifcyhJ gonf? xkzd @GJ pnf;a&;wGif tcrf;tem;rª;tjzpf ukad wZEdik u f aqmif &Guyf gonf?
58
xdo k @kd aqmif &Guaf epOf jrif; rl òr@d e,f/ tzG@J csKyf&;kH tjyifzufwiG f um;(5)pD;udk awG@&&dS ygonf? xku d m;rsm;ay:wGif
&Jwyfz@JG 0ifrsm;/ t&Hr;D owf wyfz@JG 0ifrsm;/ jynfo@l prG ;f tm;&Sit f zG@J 0ifrsm;/ òrd@e,f at;csr;f om,ma&;ESifh zH@G +zdK;
a&;aumifpt D zG@J 0ifrsm;/ =uhzH @HG toif;0ifrsm; ponfw@dk udk awG@&onf? um;wpD;ay: wGif jynfo@l prG ;f tm;&Sif
[l aompmvk;H udk ydwpf tjzL ay:wGif tpdr;f a&mifjzifh a&; om;xm;onf?
jrif;rlòr@d rS jyefvnfxu G cf mG onft h cg rdrw d @kd . ,mOfwef;aemufrS txufazmfjyyg um;(5)pD;vdu k yf gcohJ nfukd
jrifawG@&ygonf? nae(3)em&DccJG ef@wiG f rdrw d @kd a&yd;k pm;aus;&GmteD;od@k a&muf&cdS yhJ gonf? a&yd;k pm;od@k a&mufonfh
tcg vrf;ab; 0J,mrS xaemif;yif/ wrmyifrsm;. aemufu, G &f dS csKH ykwrf sm;udt k umtuG,, f I l &yfwef@xm;
onfh tm%mykdifwkd@.um;rsm;ukdawG@&onf? vHkxdef; (t"du&k%f;EdSrfeif;a&;wyfzJG@)um;rsm;/ ppfum;rsm;/
wyfrawmf wyfxed ;f um;rsm;/ ,mOfxed ;f &Jrsm;. armfawmf,mOfrsm;udak wG@&&dS ygonf? xd@k tjyif vrf;ab;0J,m
wGif =uH@z@HG tzG@J 0ifrsm;ESihf qef@usiq f ENjyrnfo h rl sm;ukd awG@&onf? ‚if;wk@d u ‘rH&k mG -ref;/ csi;f wGi;f om;’ ponhf
c&D;onfwifvikd ;f um;rsm;udk tok;H jyK=uonf? cef@reS ;f ajc armfawmf,mOf tpD;(30)cef@ &Syd gonf?
xdak e&mwGif trsK;d om;/ trsK;d orD; cef@reS ;f ajc vltiftm; (500)cef@ukd jrifawG@&ygonf? ‚if;wk@d teD;wGif
wkw/f vrf;cif;ausmuf ponfw@dk udk toifph yk x kH m;&S+d yD;/ &efjyKrnft h aetxm;udk awG@&&dS ygonf? xdak e&mwGif
teD;uyf}uD;=uyfaeolrmS ucsijf ynfe,fc&D;pOfwavsmuf rdrw d @kd tm;vdu k vf aH ESmif, h u S cf ohJ nfh OD;aX;atmif
qdok yl ifjzpfygonf? rdrw d @kd .um;onf azmfjyyg qENjyqef@usirf nho f rl sm;ESihf awG@qo kH nft h cg owif;ESijfh yef
=um;a&;tzJ@G wm0efcjH zpfol udo k ed ;f pd;k u "gwyf &kH u kd , f +l yD;/ udxk eG ;f aZmfaZmfu AG'D , D ukd ifr&mjzifh rSww f rf;wifum/
udjk rifah usmu f toHzrf;,l+yD; rSww f rf;wifcyJh gonf?
a&yd;k pm;aus;&Gmudjk zwfonft h csed w f iG f rdrw d @kd .um;a&S@wiG f 'kw, d OuUX OD;wifO;D vku d yf gvmonfu h m;
tygt0if um;(3)pD;cef@ &Syd gonf? a&yd;k pm;ok@d rd;k csKyfonht f csed rf S a&mufrnfqykd gu 'Dy, J if;wGijf zpfymG ;cho J nhf
vlowfy}JG u;D uho J @dk wkud cf u dk rf j_ yKvky&f ef pDpOfxm;onfyh pkH rH sK;d jzpfygonf? a&yd;k pm;aus;&GmwGif rdrw d @kd tm; axmuf
cHonfh jynfov l x l }k uD;udjk rifonft h cg qef@usiq f ENjy/ wku d cf u dk rf nfo h rl sm; xdwv f ef@omG ;ygonf? a&yd;k pm;od@k
a&muf&o dS mG ;onft h csed rf mS ae@tcsed jf zpfonf? xk@d a=umihf qef@usif qENjyrnfo h rl sm; taejzifh vky=f uw H udk cf u
dk &f ef
vrf;ab; 0J ,mrS xaemif;yif/ wrmyifrsm;. aemufuG,f&Sd csHKykwfrsm;udk tumtuG,f,lI

tm%mykdifwkdŒ.um;rsm; &yfwefŒxm;_yD; vrf;jyif&ef r[kwfbJ ta-umif;rJh pkykHxm;aom ausmufykHukd awGŒjrif&pOf
59
tcGithf a&; r&cJah y?

acsmif;OD;rS rH&k mG od@k n(9)em&DccJG ef@wiG f a&muf&cdS yhJ gonf? rH&k mG òrd@/ tzG@J csKyf qdik ;f bkww
f ifyw
JG iG f 'k wd,OuUX
jzpfol OD;wifO;D u ‘atmifjrifjcif;*gxm’ &Gwq f +kd yD;aemuf a':atmifqef;pk=unfu jynfov l x
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8? arv(30)&ufae@/ eHeuf (10)em&D0ef;usiw f iG f aZmwduausmif;od@k omG ;a&mufI q&mawmftm; 0wfjyK

+yD;/ jynfov l x l t
k m;E_wq f ufI rde@f ceG ;f ajym=um;cJo h nf? xd@k aemuf bkwvifòrd@o@kd qufvufxu G cf mG cJyh gonf?
rH&k mG òr@d rS qdik u
f ,frsm;ESiu
hf m;rsm;uvnf; bkwvifòr@d txd vdu k yf gy@kd aqmif=uonfujkd rifawG@&ygonf? bkwvif
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9? n(7)em&DccJG ef@wiG f usn&f mG teD;od@k a&muf&cdS yhJ gonf?vrf;r}uD;ay:wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unftm;

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tm; ajymqdyk gonf/ xd@k aemuf bke;f }u;D uyif “jynfov l x l uk kd rde@f ceG ;f enf;enf;avmuf ajymay;yg’ [k ajymonfh
tcg udx k eG ;f aZmfaZmfu rdrw d @kd a&S@qufomG ;&rnfch &D; &Sad o;onft h wGuf awmif;yefyga=umif; xdb k ek ;f =u;D (2)yg;udk
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uyfvsuv f u kd yf gvmonfh }uH@z@HG tzG@J 0ifrsm; tygt0if ‚if;wd@k ac:aqmifvmonfv h rl sm;u usn&f mG ol &Gmom;
rsm;udk pwif¶u kd Ef uS af e+yDjzpfa=umif; rE aW v;wdik ;f rSvu kd yf gvmonfh vHjk cHKa&;vli,fwOD;u rdrw d @kd ukd vma&muf
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tcsed w f iG f udx k eG ;f aZmfaZmfu rdrw d @dk ,mOfwef;tm; wm;qD;onfb h ek ;f }uD;ESpyf g;udk “wynfah wmfw@kd ukd &du k Ef uS f
ae+yD/ OD;Zif;wd@k wm0ef,w l m;jrpfay;ygO;D ” [kajymonft h cg xdOk ;D Zif;ESpyf g; aysmufjcif;rvS aysmufu, G o f mG ;yg
onf? rdrw d @kd .,mOf wku d cf udk cf &H csed w f iG f xkbd ek ;f }uD;ESpyf g;udk rawG@&awmhyg?
10? usn&f mG rS vma&muf}udKqdo k nfh jynfov l x

l u k ¶kd ukd Ef u
S +f yD;csed wf iG f ,mOfwef;wGiyf g0ifonhf rE aW v;
wdik ;f / tzG@J csKyftzG@J 0ifw@dk . um;rsm;/ rH&k mG rSvu
kd yf @kd onfh um;rsm;tm; pwif¶u kd Ef u S af eonfukd jrifawG@&ygonf?
0ifa&muf&u kd Ef uS of nfo
h rl sm;.aemufrS um;a&S@r;D rsm;xd;k ay;xm;onft h wGuf aumif;rGepf mG jrifae&ygonf?
0ifa&muf&u kd Ef u S of nfv
h t l iftm; rsm;jym;vSonft h wGuf ta&twGuf rnfr#&rSd nfudk rcef@reS ;f Edik yf g? yxrOD;pGm
rdrwd @kd .,mOfwef;udk ausmufcrJ sm;jzifh pwifypfayguyf gonf? cJjzifh ypfaygu+f yD;aemuf 0g;&if;wkwrf sm;/ 0g;qpf
ydwrf sm;/ opfom;wkwrf sm;/ 0g;c|erf sm;jzifh 0ifa&muf&u kd Ef u S =f uygonf? rdrw d @kd .,mOfrsm;ay:wGif vku d yf gvm
60
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w&uf trSwrf xif&u kd Ef uS jf cif;cH&onf? xk@d a=umihf xku d m;rsm;ay:wGif txdtcdu k /f taotaysmuf ydrk rdk sm;jym;
ygonf? rdr. d rsupf ad &S@wiG yf if trsK;d orD;rsm;vnf;&du k Ef u S cf &H onfukd jrifawG@&ygonf? jyif;jyif;xefxef &du k Ef uS cf H
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rsm;/ rH&k mG òrd@e,f tzG@J csKyf/ tzG@J 0ifrsm; jzpf=uonf? &du k Ef u S o f rl sm;u “eifw@kd ukvm;r,m; awmfawmf awmf
csiaf ewJh aumifrawG” [kajymqd+k yD;/ rdu k rf u
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vkud yf gvmaomum;rsm;u a':atmifqef;pk=unf.um;udk rnfo@kd r# ausmw f ufI r&awmhyg? a&S@aemuf ydwrf d
aepOf 0kid ;f 0ef;&ku
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vma&mufajymqkyd gonf? ,cifu OD;wifO;D onf a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS pfh um;ajymqko d nht f cg ‘a':atmif
qef;pk=unf’ [k ac:avh&ySd gonf? 'Dy, J if; vky=f uHowfjzwfr}_ uD; pwifjzpfymG ;onfh xkt d csed w f iG f OD;wifO;D u
“igo h rD;&,f/ 'if;wd@k tajctaeu raumif;awmhb;l orD;av;&,f? orD;av;um; xGuyf gawmh” [k u¶k%m
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teD;uyfvjkH cHKa&;tjzpfvu kd yf gvmonfh vHòk cHa&;tzG@J 0ifrsm;jzpfaom udrk ;kd aomf / udrk if;vGi/f udo k ef;xGe;f /udw
k ;kd
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a':atmifqef;pk-unf. um;ukd A[kdvli,f teD;uyfvkHòcHa&;tzJGŒ0ifrsm;u umuG,fxm;pOf
61
qef;pk=unf. nmbufab; a&S@wnfw h nf&h u dS m;acgi;f xdyw f iG f ae&m,lygonf? &du k Ef u S o f rl sm;u a':atmif
qef;pk=unfxikd af eonfu h m;. b,fbufjcrf;udk tjyif;txef pwifIwku d cf u dk &f u kd Ef u S yf gonf? um;udk 0ef;&H
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'%f&m&&So d mG ;onfuv kd nf; um;acgi;f cef;wGif rD;zGix hf m;onft h wGuf rdru d , dk wf idk jf rifawG@&ygonf? wquf
wnf;wGif a&S@ nmzufjcrf;rS ,mOfarmif;ol udak usmpf ;kd vif;tm; pwif¶u kd Ef u S yf gonf? rdro d nf um;a&S@ nm
zufjcrf;wGi&f adS eI udak usmpf ;kd vif;ESihf teD;uyfq;kH jzpfygonf? udak usmpf ;kd vif;. nmbufvuf xdcu kd 'f %f&m&+y;D
aoG;rsm;jzmxGufaeygonf? rdrdudk¶dkufonfhtcg b,fvufjzifhcHvdkufojzifh ywfxm;onfhvufywfem&DuGJ
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onf? um;jywif;aygurf eS u f rGJ sm;a=umihf a':atmifqef;pk=unf. b,fbufycH;k xdcu dk u f &JG oS mG ;jcif;jzpfonf?
rE aW v;wdik ;f vli,fjzpfonfh udo k [ D acgi;f uGo J mG ;+yD;/ &efuek rf S ygvmonfh teD;uyf vHòk cHa&;tzG@J 0ifxrJ S
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S cf &H ygonf? uko d ef;xGe;f vnf; jyif;xef
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jzpfonft h wGuf '%f&mjyif;xefjcif;jzpfonf? udo k ef;xGe;f onf c&D;pOfrsm;wGiv f u dk yf gc+Jh yD;/ rnfonfah e&mok@d
a&mufonfjzpfap um;ay:rS vH;k 0rqif;yg? ‚if;.wm0efrmS um;ay:&Syd pPn;f rsm;udk apmifah &Smufxed ;f odr;f a&;
jzpfygonf? udw k ;kd vGirf mS acgi;f udjk yif;xefpmG t¶du k cf &H onft h wGuf rsuEf mS ay: wGif aoG;rsm;jzmusaeonfukd
jrifawG@vkduf&ygonf?
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a':atmifqef;pk=unf.um;teD;rS cGmI “tefwD armif;ajy;ygawmh? udak usmpf ;kd vif; armif;ygawmh/ 'Dae&mu
xGuyf gawmh” [k toHuek af tmf[pfI owday;ygonf?
rdrEd iS t hf wl useo f nfv h il ,frsm;uvnf; um;xGu&f ef atmf[pf=uonf? r=umrDwiG f udak usmpf ;kd vif;u
um;udk armif;xGuo f mG ;ygonf? a':atmifqef;pk=unfu trde@f ay;I armif;xGuo f mG ;jcif; r[kwyf g? 'Dy, J if;
vlowfy}JG uD;wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unf rnfo@l a=umifh touftE &W m,frS vGwaf jrmufomG ;oenf;[kar;vsif
udak usmpf ;kd vif;a=umifh touftE &W m,fu vGwaf jrmufjcif;jzpfonf[k rdru d ajz&ygrnf?
a':atmifqef;pk=unf.um; armif;xGuo f mG ;onft h cg ,cifu rdrw d @kd .um;a&S@wiG &f adS eonfh rE aW v;
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onhaf e&mrS xGuaf jy;armif;ESiv f m+yD; r=umrD rdrw d @kd .a&S@rS óudwifxu G af jy;oGm;onfh qdik u f ,ftyk pf u k aemuf
ok@d jyefvn S v hf monf? ‚if;wk@d u “a&S@rmS vnf; qD;¶du k +f yD;/ owfjzwfae=ujyef+yD/ a&S@ukd armif;rajy;eJ@”[k ajymqdk
onft h wGuf OD;udu k akd v;u um;udk xdak e&mwGif &yfxm;vdu k of nf? a&S@o@dk qufajy;vsif t&du k cf &H I aornf/
aemufzufo@dk jyefvn S ahf jy;vsiv f nf; t&du k cf &H rSm =udr;f aoonf/ xd@k a=umifh rdrw d @kd . nmbufwiG &f adS eonfh
v,fuiG ;f rsm;xJo@kd qif;ajy;cJyh gonf?
13? ar(30) 'Dy, J if;vky}f uHowfjzwfy}JG uD;onf tifrwefryS if xdwv f ef@wek v

f y_ zf ,
G f aumif;ygonf? rdr. d
rsupf ad &S@Y aoG;tdik x f w J iG f vJonfv h u
l vJaeonf? vJae&mrS tm;wif;I ¶ke;f uef+yD; xonft h cg wGiv f nf;
xyfrH ¶duk Ef u
S cf &H onf? vGepf mG aoG;ysuzf ,G /f pdwaf jcmufjcm;zG,jf zpfygonf? tzG@J csKyf tzG@J 0if trsK;d orD;tcsK@d rmS
tusrô sm; tc|wcf &H =u&onf? “ukvm;r,m; awmfawmf awmfcsiw f ahJ umifrawG/ eifw@kd aowm at;w,f”
[k qJqjkd cif;/ ¶duk Ef u
S jf cif;rsm;ukd cH&ygonf? rdrod nf pum;tykrd sm; ajymqkad ejcif; r[kwyf g? rsujf rifawG@óuH
62
=um;odc&Jh onfukd jyefvnf ajymjyjcif;om jzpfygonf? t=urf;zuf&u kd Ef u S jf cif; cH&onft h wGuf toufq;kH &H;_ ol
vGefpGm rsm;jym;ygonf? aoqHk;aeonfhvl/ '%f&mjzifhvJaeol/ aoG;tdkifxJwGif ar@arsmaeolta&twGuf
tenf;qH;k (100)xuf ryk[ d qk v dk #iv f nf; (100)xuf avsmv h rd rhf nf r[kw[ f k cef@reS ;f &ygonf? [dik ;f vyf
um;ay:rS rdrq d if;ajy;+yD; v,fuiG ;f xJo@kd a&mufonft h cg rH&k mG òrd@rS tzJ@G csKyfvil ,ftzJ@G wm0efc(H 2) udu k v kd iG f
tygt0if rH&k mG rS vli,ftzG@J 0if(7)OD;/ rE aW v;taemufawmifòrd@e,frS vli,fwOD;ukv d nf; awG@&onf? rdrt d yg
t0if vli,f(9)OD;onf tcif;jzpfonfah e&mrS v,fuiG ;f rsm;udjk zwfausmI f wem&Dcef@ ajy;v$m;cJ&h ygonf?
xGuaf jy;+yD; armyef;Item;,laecsed w f iG f 'Dy, J if; òrd@zufrS rD;armif;rsm;xd;k onfukd jrifawG@&ygonf? xd@k aemuf
ppfum;rsm; armif;xGuo f mG ;onfuv kd nf; jrifawG@&ygonf? wcsed w f nf;rSmyif yk'rf 144 n rxGu&f trde@f
xkwjf yefa=umif; toHcs@J pufjzifh atmf[pfa=unmaeoHrsm;ud=k um;&ygonf? wqufwnf;rSmyif aoewfypfoH
tenf;qH;k (8)csu/f (10)csucf ef@ukd =um;&ygonf?
14? ar(30)&uf wnvH;k bkwvifòrd@teD;&Sd v,fuiG ;f rsm;xJwiG f yke;f atmif;IaecJ=h u&onf? arv(31)
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onf? tqdyk g v,fwrJ v S w l OD;u rdrw d @kd tm; ebJvaS us;&Gmod@k vdu k v f yH @kd aqmifygonf? ebJvaS us;&GmrS ysu H s
aus;&Gm/ &GmOD;bke;f }u;D ausmif;ok@d a&mufygonf? bke;f }u;D ausmif;wGif 'Dy, J if; vky=f uo H wfjzwfra_ =umifh '%f&m&
onfv h l (12)a,mufcef@ óudwifa&muf&adS eygonf? xdo k rl sm;xJwiG f pum;ajymEdik o f l (4)a,mufcef@&+dS yD; usef
vlrsm;uvnf; '%f&m&xm;+yD; tajctae raumif;yg? ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f ajrmifòrde,frES pS af ,mufrmS '%f&mjyif;
xefI tonf;toef jzpfaeygonf? pum;vnf; rajymEdik af wmhyg/ atmhtefr;l a0ae+yD; OD;acgi;f ESiahf usmrsm;wGif
'%f&mrsm;pGm &&dx S m;ygonf? '%f&m&onfo h rl sm;udk vmppfaq;rnf[k ajymqdo k nft h oH=um;ojzifh xdak e&m
wGif acwWr#em;ae+yD; ysu H s&mG rS pdik jf yif}uD;od@k vrf;av#mufxu G cf &hJ m pdik jf yif}uD;&Sd a':atmifqef;pk=unf aemufq;kH
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jzpfoul ar(30)&ufae@ eHeufwiG f a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf tzG@J csKyf tzG@J 0ifrsm;oGm;a&mufrnfh 'Dy, J if;c&D;pOf
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tus,cf sKyfjzifh óudwifIzrf;qD;xm;cJah =umif; rdrt d m;jyefvnfajymjyI bkwvifòrd@txd vdu k yf gy@kd aqmifay;cJh
onf? udu k vkd iG u
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arv(31)&ufae@nwGif bkwvifòr@d e,fteD;&Sd v,fuiG ;f twGi;f ntdycf yhJ gonf? ZGev f (1)&ufrS (4)&ufae@txd
bkwvifòrd@teD;&Sd bke;f }uD;ausmif;wGif acwWwnf;cdyk ek ;f atmif;aecJyh gonf? armfawmfum;vrf;rsm; ydwx f m;
onft h wGuf ZGev f (4)&ufae@ um;vrf;rsm; jyefziG o hf nft h cgrS rE aW v;od@k qufvufxu G cf mG cJyh gonf? rdr. d
aetdro f @kd rjyefbJ a&Smifwrd ;f yke;f atmif;aexdik cf &hJ mrS 2003ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv(28)&ufae@wiG f xdik ;f -jrefrm
e,fpyfwae&mod@k a&muf&cdS yhJ gonf?
txufyg trSwpf Of (1) rS (14) txdyg&adS om ta=umif;t&mrsm;udk rnforl # rw&m; =oZmv$r;f rd;k jcif;/
+cdr;f ajcmufjcif;/ aoG;aqmifjzm;a,mif;jcif;/ vdrvf nfvn S jhf zm;jcif; r&Sb
d rJ rd .
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63
0Àarmif. uwdopPmjyK xGufqdkcsuf
trnf// // 0Àarmif
rdbtrnf? // OD;ausmfarmif/ a':wif0if;
EdkifiHom;pDppfa&;trSwf? ? 9§rcp Edkif 003840
arG;ouU&mZf? ? 16-3-1977
ae&yfvyd pf m? ? xGew f ;kH òrd@opf/ csr;f jrompnf/
rE aW v;òrd@
usaemfarmif0Àarmifu 'Dy,
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kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf/
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trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf/ 'kw,
d OuUXjzpfol OD;wifO;D u tzG@J csKyftzG@J 0iftjzpf vufcx H m;a=umif; OD;wifO;D
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rnfo@l urkd S csray;Edik af o;a=umif; &Si;f vif;ajymjyygonf? ygw. D vkyif ef;pOfrsm;udk qufvuftaumiftxnf
azmfvyk af qmifomG ;&efajym=um;onf// usaemfonf xGew f ;kH &yfuuG f vli,frsm;.a&G;cs,cf ef@xm;csut f & xGef
wH;k òrd@e,f vli,fpnf;&H;k a&;wm0efukd ,lxm;&oljzpfygonf?
64
2? a':atmifqef;pk=unf. txufjrefrmjynf pnf;&H;k a&;c&D;pOfwiG f rE aW v;wdik ;f / tzG@J csKyf. wm0efay;

csut f & vli,fvjkH cHKa&;wm0efjzifvh u kd yf gomG ;&ygonf? vHjk cHKa&;wm0efqo
kd nfrmS c&D;pOfwavsmuf vrf;c&D;
wGiftE W&m,f rusa&mufEdkifap&ef teD;uyfwm0ef,laqmif&Gufay;&onf? rE Wav;wdkif;/ pOfhudkifòrd@e,f
trSwf(2)rJqENe,frS v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f a'gufwmvSpdk;nGef@tm; rE Wav;wdkif; pnf;&Hk;a&;c&D;pOfrsm;
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twGuf &efuek rf S A[dv k il ,f(17)OD;vdu k yf gco
hJ nf? um;rsm;&yfem;pOf vHjk cHKa&;wm0ef&o Sd l A[dv
k il ,frsm;u
wxyfum&H+yD;/ t&HvjkH cHKa&; vli,frsm;u wxyf pojzihf xyfqifI h um&Hay;&onf?
3/ c&D;pOf rpcifuwnf;u =uHzh @HG òr@ed ,f±;Hk rsm;wGif 0g;&if;wkwf wyfz@GJ rsm;zJ@G +yD; &-,-u OuUX u wyf&if;
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xk@d a=umifh usaemfw@kd c&D;pOf pxGuo
f nht f csed rf pS I tm%mykid rf sm;ESix fh yd w
f u kd af wG@Eikd o
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tqdrk sm;udk vk;H 0 a&SmifusO=f u&ef a':atmifqef;pk=unfu rSm=um;xm;onf//
4? arv(29)&ufae@/ eHeuf(9)em&Dcef@wiG f rE aW v; (38)vrf;taemufrS (84)vrf;twkid ;f um;rsm;/

qdik u
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aZmfw@kd twl vdu k yf gc=hJ uonf? ,mOfwef;.a&S@ajy;tjzpf um;wpD;udk óudwifapvGwx f m;onf? rdrw d @kd ,mOf
rsm;u aemufrv S u kd yf gco hJ nf?
5? eHeuf (10) em&DccJG ef@wiG f ppfuikd ;f òrd@o@kd a&muf&cdS o hJ nf? ppfuikd ;f wHwm;tvGef òrd@t0ifauG@wiG f vrf;.
b,fnmESpzf ufpvH;k wGif vltiftm; (600)cef@udk awG@&onf? ‘}uHch ikd zf @HG jzdK;a&;tzJ@G tm; raxmufco H rl sm; tvdk
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kd nhtf cg
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wGi;f od@k r0ifawmhbJ jrif;rlòrd@o@kd qufvufxu G cf mG cJo
h nf?
6? jrif;rlòrd@o@kd ae@(12)em&Dcef@wiG f a&muf&cdS o hJ nf? jrif;rlwiG f òrd@e,ftzG@J csKyf&;kH udk a':atmifqef;pk=unf

u qdik ;f bkww f if zGiv
hf pS af y;cJoh nf? xd@k aemuf txufjrefrmEdik if H vli,fz@JGpnf;a&;wm0efcH udw k ifxÉG Of ;D u jrif;rlòr@d
e,f tzJ@G csKyv
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7? rGe;f vGJ 3em&Dcef@wiG f rH&k mG +rdK@o@kd qufvufxu

G cf mG cJ&h m vrf;c&D;wGif rH&k mG òrd@ rv
S ma&mufI c&D;OD;jyKonfh
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rH&k mG òrd@t0ifo@kd nae (6)em&Dcef@wiG f pwifa&muf&cdS o hJ nf? rH&k mG od@k a&muf&o dS nft h cg a':atmifqef;pk=unf
65
tm; vma&mufqo kd nfo

h rl sm;jym;vSojzifh òrd@vnf&dS em&Dpifo@kd n (9) em&DccJG ef@wiG rf S a&muf&cdS o hJ nf? rH&k mG wGif
a':atmifqef;pk=unfu (45)rdepfcef@ rH&k mG òrd@ròd rd@zrsm;ESijhf ynfov
l xl tk m; rde@f ceG ;f ajym=um;cJ+h yD;/ wnwm &yfem;
cJ=h uonf? a':atmifqef;pk=unfonf v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,w f OD;.aetdrw f iG f ntdyw f nf;cd+k yD; usef tzG@J 0if
rsm;taejzifh oifah wmfonfah e&mrsm;wGif pDpOfwnf;cd=k uonf?
*? arv (30)&ufae@ eHeuf(10)em&Dcw JG iG f rH&k mG rS bkwvifòr@d o@kd pwifxu G cf mG cJo

h nf? rk&H mG òr@d rS txGuw f iG f
'kw, d OuUX OD;wifO;D tygt0if/ a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf usaemfw@kd tzJ@G 0ifrsm;onf aZmwdu bke;f }uD;ausmif;
od@k 0ifa&mufz;l ar#mcf o hJ nf// xd@k aemuf OuUaH wm&ausmif;od@k 0ifa&mufz;l ar#m&f ef pDpOfxm;aomfvnf; q&mawmf
r&So d nft h wGuf bkwvifòrd@o@kd qufvufxu G cf mG cJyh gonf?
c&D;pwifxu G cf mG pOf rH&k mG òrd@vx l u k armfawmf,mOf (10)pD;/ armfawmfqikd u f ,f tpD; (150)cef@jzihhf vdu k yf gy@kd
aqmif=uonf? bkwvifòrd@o@kd a&mufonft h cg bkwvifòrd@ òrd@e,ftzG@J csKyf &H;k zGiyhf EJG iS hf qdik ;f bkww f ifyuJG si;f y+yD;/
bkwvifòr@d e,f vli,ftzG@J ukd zG@J pnf;cJo h nf? nae (4)em&D/ rdepf (30)cef@wiG f bkwvifòr@d rS 'Dy, J if;òr@d o@kd xGucf mG cJo h nf?
xko d @kdxu G cf mG vm&m pdik jf yif&mG od@k ta&mufwiG f zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHxm;&aom v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;0if;jrifh
atmif. aetdro f @kd 0ifa&mufI a':atmifqef;pk=unfu rdom;pkEiS t hf zG@J 0ifrsm;ukd tm;ay;pum;ajym=um;
cJo
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qdik u f ,frsm;udpk pkH rf;&ef xyfraH pvGwcf o hJ nf? od@k aomf xdak rmfawmfqikd u f ,frsm;vnf; jyefvnf a&muf&v dS mjcif; r&Syd g?
9? xd@k o@kd qufvufxu G cf mG vm&m tcif;jzpfymG ;onfh pkid jf yifEiS hf 'Dy, J if;t=um; usn&f mG teD;od@k a&muf&dS
csed w f iG f n (8;00)em&Dcef@&+Sd yjD zpfonf? xdt k csed w f iG f a':atmifqef;pk=unf.um;ESifh usaemfw@kd .um;t=um;wGif
tjcm; armfawmf,mOf(2)pD;omjcm;ygonf? 'kwd,OuUX OD;wifOD; pD;vmonfhum;ua&@SqkH;wGif&Sd+yD;/'kwd,
um;rSm a':atmifqef;pk=unf.um; jzpfygonf? tv,fwiG f (aps;csKrd )S OD;xGe;f 0if;ESiOhf ;D cifarmifaomif;wd@k
vdu k yf gvmonfu h m; &Sad eonf? pwkwaˆ jrmufum;rSm usaemfw@kd um; ([dik ;f vuftrsK;d tpm; tpdr;f a&mif)jzpf
onf? rdrw d @kd .aemufwiG f pOfu h ikd òf rd@e,f v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f a'guw f mvSp;kd !Ge@f .um; (qefet D jzLa&mif)
jzpfonf? xdu k m;.aemufwiG f A[dv k il ,ftzG@J .um; ([dik ;f vuftjzLa&mif)/ xdu k m;aemufwiG f tzG@J csKyftzJ@G 0if
rsm;.um;rsm; vdu k yf gvm=uonf?
usn&f mG rS udu k (f 100) cef@ ausmv f eG v f monft h csed w f iG f a':atmifqef;pk=unf. armfawmf,mOfukd bke;f
}uD;(2)yg;u a&S@ryS w d q f @kd +yD;wm;ygonf? udx k eG ;f aZmfaZmfu armfawmfum;ay:rS qif;ItusKd ;ta=umif;ar;
onft h cg xdb k ek ;f }uD;u “igw@kd apmifah ewm=um+yD a':atmifqef;pk=unfukd rde@f ceG ;f ajymcdik ;f ay;yg”[k ajymonf?
udx k eG ;f aZmfaZmfu tcsed f r&ojzihf rde@f ceG ;f rajymEdik yf g[k jyefvnf&iS ;f jyygonf// xdo k @kd &iS ;f jypOf rk&H mG bufrv S u kd f
vmonhf 'dik ef mum; (2)pD;/ axmfvm*su D m; (2)pD;D pkpak ygi;f (4)pD;ay:rS vlrsm;u ‘jynfytm;ud;k ykqed &f ;kd / tqd;k jrif
0g'rD sm; tvdrk &S[ d ’k t}udr}f udraf tmf[pf+yD; um;ay:rS qif;vm=uonf?
xdt k cg usn&f mG rS &Gmom;rsm;uvnf; ‘'d@k jynfov l x l uk vnf; rif;wd@k ukd tvdrk &d’S [k jyefatmf=uonf?f
um;ay:wGiyf gvm=uaom =uzHh @HG tzG@J 0ifrsm;/ taygi;f tygrsm;u ‘rif;wd@k bmajymwmvJ’[kq+kd y;D toif, h al qmif
vmaom oHc|e/f oHww k /f 0g;&if;wkwrf sm;/ opfom;'kwrf sm;udk udik af qmifI qif;vm+yD; twif;t"rR0ifa&muf
xd;k ESu/f wdu k cf u kd =f uonfukd usaemfw@kd pdwrf csr;f ompGmESijhf rifawG@=u&onf? xdt k csed w f iG f 'dik ef mum;wpif;
uvnf; awG@&mvlrsm;udk vku d v f w H u dk cf udk af eaoma=umifh usn&f mG rSvma&mufq=kd uonfh jynforl sm;u ajcOD;
wnf&h mok@d xGuaf jy;=u&onf? a':pkum;udw k m;+yD; w&m;a[mcdik ;f onfh bke;f }uD;(2)yg;tm; wm;jrpfay;&ef
ajymonfh tcg ‘igw@kd bmwwfEikd rf mS vJ/ rif;wd@k vnf; armif;csi&f if armif;awmh’ [k ajymaecsed rf mS yif usaemfw@kd
um;rsm;ukd pwifI ±ku d Ef uS af e=ujyDjzpfonf//
66
10? usaemfu a':atmifqef;pk=unfum;. nmbufjcrf;wGif wm0ef,x l m;onf? xdt k csed w f iG f vHjk cHKa&;
wm0ef,x l m;olrsm;. tajctaeudak jym&vsif usaemfu a':atmifqef;pk=unfum;. nmzufu, kd x f nfEiS hf
uyfaeonf?f aemufwiG f rnforl # r&Syd g/ ab;wdu k t f aexm;jzifh usaemfw@kd pw D ef;I&yfae=uonf? um;u
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(2)yg; r[kwyf g? xdt k csed w f iG f aemufwiG &f o dS r#um;rsm;udk ‚if;wd@k vrl sm;tm;vk;H 0dik ;f &du k af eonf? usaemfw@kd u
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onf?
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vmpOfuyif ‚if;wd@k um;rsm;ay:wGif wdik u f jD ywfrsm;jzifh t&uftjynfo h ,fvm+yD; pdw}f udKufaomufciG jhf yKxm;
onf[k od&onf? xd@k a=umifh rdrw d @kd ,mOfrsm;tm; 0ifa&muf&u kd Ef u S of nft h cg vlrqefpmG &du k Ef u S +f y;D / E_wrf v S nf;
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onfzh ufukd t"duxm;&du k o f jzif/h vlenf;onhf um;.nmzufjcrf;wGi&f aSd om usaemfw@dk t&du k f rcH&yg? wzuf
jcrf;rSvrl sm; vJusomG ;onft h csed wf iG f a':atmifqef;pk=unf.um;rSeu f kd 0dik ;f &du
k o f rl sm;u ±ku d cf v
JG u kd yf gonf?
um;rSef uGo J mG ;onft h cg 'kwrf sm;jzifh um;twGi;f od@k aqmifx h ;kd =uonf? xdt k csed w f iG f useo f nfh usaemfw@kd u
‘a':pk ajy;awmh/ ajy;awmh’[k atmfajym=uonf? xdu k m;xJwiG f ,mOfarmif;jzpfol udak usmpf ;kd vif;/ udx k eG ;f
aZmfaZmfEiS hf a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd (3)OD;wnf;om &Syd gonf?
aemufwiG &f adS om OD;wifO;D .um;udk 0dik ;f ±ku d +f yD; xdo k rl sm;u OD;wifO;D udk qGaJ c:oGm;onf? xdt k csed w f iG f
OD;wifOD;.OD;acgif;wGif '%f&m&&Sdxm;onf? a':atmifqef;pk=unfonf um;xJrS rxGufojzifh t&dkufrcH&
jcif;jzpf+y;D / um;xJu xGuv f #if &duk o f nfo h rl sm;u tao&du k =f urnfjzpfonf? tb,fa=umifq h akd omf 0dik ;f ±ku d o f l
rsm;u vGepf mG rl;,pfaeaoma=umihjf zpfonf? t&ufr;l onfyh pHk H r[kwb f /J aq;rl;aeonfyh pHk jH zpfygonf? vlawG
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yg? tb,fa=umifq h akd omf usrwd@k r;kd ukwòf rd@o@kd óudqakd &;c&D; puwnf;u a':atmifqef;pk=unfrS nGe=f um;
csuaf y;xm;+yD;jzpfygonf? “&ef rvd&k bl;/ rp &bl;/ jzpfvm&ifacgi;f ik@H cv H u
kd ”f pojzifah jymxm;onft h wGuf
usrwd@k jyefveS af jymcGiv hf nf; r&dyS g/ &efvo kd nfrh suv f ;Hk ESiyhf if r=unf&h [k usrwd@k ukd ajymjyxm;ygonf? rE aW v;rS
xyfraH c:vdu k o f nfh vkjH cKH a&;tzG@J 0ifrsm; xyfraH &mufvm+y;D aemuf usrwd@k onf rE aW v;+rKd @uykd wfI rE aW v;wdik ;f
trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf&;Hk od@k n(6)em&DcJG (7)em&Dcef@wiG af &muf&ySd gonf? rE aW v;òrd@ trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pD
tzG@J csKyf&;kH od@k a&mufonft h cg toifah pmifóh uad e=uonfv h x l }k u;D tm; a':atmifqef;pk=unfu rde@f ceG ;f ajym=um;
ygonf? xdo k @kd rde@f ceG ;f ajymaeonft h csed w
f iG f ,mOfxed ;f &JEiS hf &Jrsm;uvltyk rf sm;twGi;f od@k armfawmf,mOf(2)pif;
udk t"rRarmif;ESiI f 0ifcikd ;f onfuakd wG@&ygonf?arv(28)&ufae@wiG f rE aW v;wdik ;f &H;k od@k oGm;a&mufvnfywf
&if; pum;ajymqdo k nft h cg OuUX OD;bdZk /H OD;uHxeG ;f / OD;ud}k uD;/ OD;wifatmif/ armifarmifoef;wk@d u usrtm;
a':atmifqef;pk=unf. rH&k mG c&D;pOfwiG f twlvu kd yf gomG ;&efajymygonf? ud, k phf m;&dwEf iS u
hf , kd f um;iSm;IoGm;
&jcif;jzpfonft h wGuf aiGa&;a=u;a&;udpu P vkd nf; usr.rdom;pkEiS jhf yefwikd yf if&ygonf//armfawmf,mOfimS ;&ef
71
twGuf ukeu f srnfu h m;iSm;cudk ulnaD eaomolrsm;u pkaygi;f ulnaD omfvnf; tjcm;vdt k yfonfah iGa=u;udk
ud, k w f ikd jf znf+h y;D pDpOf&jcif;jzpfygonf? ud, k x hf rif;ud, k pf m;&rnfjzpfonft h wGuf iwfcsiif wfrnf/ cifyeG ;f jzpfou l
usrudk xdck &D;pOfwiG f vdu k yf gomG ;&efoabmwlciG jhf yKygonf?
4? xd@k a=umifh arv(29)&ufae@wiG f rE aW v;/ rH&k mG òrd@e,fpnf;&H;k a&;c&D;pOfukd a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS fh
twlvu kd yf gcyhJ gonf? rE aW v;r pS Ivdu k yf gvmaom rE aW v;wdik ;f trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tzJ@G 0ifrsm;.
um;rsm;rSm (11)pif;cef@ &Syd gonf? qdik u f ,frsm;tygt0if ppfuikd ;f wHwm;udak &muf&o dS nft h csed w
f iG f ppfuikd ;f òrd@
t0ifY a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; qef@usiq f ENjy&efapmifq h ikd ;f aeolrsm;u qdik ;f bkwrf sm;udik af qmifxm;+yD;
toHww d f uef@uu G q f ENjyaeonfujkd rifawG@&ygonf? ppfuikd ;f rS qufvufxu G cf mG vm&m jrif;rlòrd@o@kd a&muf&ydS g
onf? jrif;rlòrd@wiG f trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf qdik ;f bkww f if+yD; trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. jrif;rlòrd@e,f
vli,fz@JG pnf;a&;udk vkyaf qmifygonf? xdt k csed rf pS I usrwd@k um;rsm;.aemufrS qef@usiq f ENjyrnfo h rl sm;.
x&yfum;rsm; pwifvdkufygvmonfudkjrifawG@&ygonf? jrif;rlrStxGuf vrf;c&D;wavsmufwGifrnfonfh
taESmift h ,Suu f rkd S rawG@&yg? rH&k mG òrd@o@kd ra&mufrD a&yd;k pm;&Gmod@k a&mufonft h cg 'dik ef mum;rsm;ESihf c&D;onf
wifum; ajrmufrsm;pGmudjk rifawG@&ygonf? um;wdik ;f wGif ,mOfxed ;f &JEiS hf &Jrsm;vdu k yf gvmygonf? a&yd;k pm;&Gmod@k
ta&mufwiG f vltiftm;(200)(300)cef@EiS hf um;u(13)pD;r#&o dS nfh vltyk }f uD;udak wG@&ygonf? xdak e&mwGif
qdik ;f bkwrf sm;udik af qmifxm;onft h rsK;d orD;rsm;u usrwd@k .,mOfrsm;tm; pwiftaESmift h ,Suf ay;=uygonf?
rk&H mG òrd@t0ifun kd ae(6)em&Dcef@wiG af &muf&ydS gonf? rH&k mG òrd@wiG ;f &Sd trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf&;kH od@k n (10)em&D
tcsed w f iG f a&muf&ydS gonf? rH&k mG òrd@rjS ynforl sm;u vdu _ v f pJS mG jzifh wcJeufóudq=kd uygonf? tcsK@d tzGm;tk}d uD;
rsm;u “Akv d cf sKyforD;av; b,frmS vJ/ Akv d cf sKyforD;av; jyygO;D / um;&yfygO;D ” [kqu kd m yef;rsm;ay;I óudqkd
=uygonf? óudq=kd uonfo h rl sm;rSm rH&k mG òrd@EiS t hf eD;w0du k rf jS zpfjyD; eHeufuwnf;uapmifah e=uonf[o k &d ygonf?
rH&k mG òrd@wiG af ':atmifqef;pk=unfrS rH&k mG jynfov l x
l t k m;rde@f ceG ;f ajym=um;+yD;aemuf n(1)em&Dcef@wiG f trsKd ;om;
'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf vli,fz@JG pnf;a&;udk pderf #m;pwd;k wGif jyKvkyyf gonf?
29=5=2003 &ufaeŒ rkH±GmtoGm; acsmif;OD;òrdŒe,f/ a&ydk;pm;aus;&GmteD;

tiftm;(300)cefŒ&Sdvltkyf}uD;u qdkif;bkwfrsm; udkifaqmifI atmf[pfqJqdk aESmifh,SufaepOf
72
5? arv (30)&ufae@ eHeuf(6)em&Dcef@wGif um;rsm; pxGuf&efjyifqifygonf? eHeuf(9)em&Dcef@wGif

rH&k mG òrd@cv H xl t k m; a':atmifqef;pk=unfu E_wq f ufpum;ajymqd+k yD; xGucf mG vmygonf? rH&k mG òrd@rS bkwvifòrd@
od@k txGuw f iG f aZmwdu(*sK;d jzL)bke;f awmf}uD;ausmif;udk 0ifIuefawmhygonf? rk&H mG rS pxGuo f nft h csed w
f iG f
usrwd@k . um;ay:wGif usrESit hf wl tjcm;vl(15)OD;cef@ vdu k yf g vmyg onf? atmifu/dk wifarmifav;/ OD;oG,/f
OD;cspw f if/ ode;f atmifav;/ 0Àarmif / rE aW v;/ xGew f ;kH &yfuu G rf S (a':atmifqef;pk=unf.vHjk cHKa&;tzG@J 0if)/
trsK;d orD;rsm;jzpfaom usr/a':cifat;jrih/f tao;av;(c)oE mW pd;k ESihf tjcm; trnfrrSwrf o d nfth zG@J 0if topf
rsm;yg0ifygonf? usrwd@k um;.aemufwiG f vdu k yf gvmonfu h m;ay:wGif rH&k mG òrd@rS uk&d ifav;rsm;ESihf bke;f }uD;
pkpak ygi;f (13)yg;cef@ vdu k yf gvmonfujkd rifawG@&ygonf? bkwvifo@kd a&mufonft h cg t&yfom;c&D;onfwif
um;rsm; oGm;vmae=uonfukd vk;H 0 rawG@&awmhyg// xdrk w S qifh pkid jf yif&mG od@k a&mufygonf// v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;
vS,w f OD;.aetdrw f iG f a':atmifqef;pk=unfu 0ifa&muftm;ay;pum;ajym+yD; acwWtem;,lyg onf?
6? pkid jf yifrS n(7)em&Dcef@wiG f pwifxu G cf mG vmygonf? taESmift h ,Suf rawG@&ao;yg/ ,ck tcsi;f jzpfymG ;
onfu h sn&f mG ukd rdepf(20)cef@omarmif;ESi&f ygonf// usn&f mG ukad &mufonft h cg óudq=dk uonfh ywf0ef;usi&f mG
rsm;rS &Gmol&mG om;rsm;ESihf usn&f mG ol&mG om;rsm;udak wG@&ygonf?a':atmifqef;pk=unf. um;u usrwd@k .
um;a&S@o@kd ausmw f ufarmif;ESio f mG ;ojzifh usrwd@k um;.aemufwiG f um;(2)pD;om use&f ySd gawmhonf? usrwk@d
um;wef;ESit hf wlvu kd yf gvmonfh qkid u f ,form;wOD;u ‘aemufrmS &Gmom;awGudk &ku d af e+y’D [k vmI ta=umif;
=um;ojzifh usrwk@d.um;vnf; &yfvkdufygonf// usrwdk@.um;ay:wGif twlvdkufygvmonfh 0Àarmif
(xGew f ;kH &yfuu G v
f il ,fvjkH cKH a&;tzG@J )ESihf a':atmifqef;pk=unf. vHjk cKH a&;wm0ef,x l m;onfh A[dv k il ,fvjkH cKH a&;
tzG@J 0ifrsm;ua':atmifqef;pk=unf.um; &So d nfah e&mod@k oGm;ygonf? xdt k csed w f iG f usrwk@d um;ay:rSm vli,f
(5)OD;cef@om useyf gonf? usrvnf; um;ay:rSqif;+yD; aemufo@kd =unfv h u dk of nft h cg &Gmom;rsm;ukd um;rD;rsm;
xkd;+yD; &kdufaeonfudkjrifawG@&ygonf? um;rsm;rSm ajrmufbufukdvSnhfxm;+yD; usnf&GmrSmvnf; ajrmuf
bufwiG f &dyS gonf// xdo k @kd armfawmf,mOfwef;rsm;tm; pwif&u kd af eonft h csed wf iG f 'kw, d OuUXjzpfol (OD;wifO;D )
u a':atmifqef;pk=unf&adS eonfu h m;xH vli,f(2)a,mufEiS t hf wlomG ;onfukd aemufq;kH jrifawG@&ygonf?
7? aemufrv S u kd v f m+yD; &duk o f nfo h rl sm;a&mufvmonft h csed w f iG f usrwd@k .um;ay:wGif use&f adS eolrsm;
tm;vk;H um;ay:wGiaf cgi;f csi;f qdik I f 0yfae&ygonf? tb OD;cspw f ifu rde;f r(3)OD;tay:wGif 0rf;vsm;xk;d arSmuf
ay;xm;ygonf? &du k Ef uS o f rl sm;u rde;f r(3)a,mufudk (4)cg&u dk v f sif tb OD;cspw f ifyJ (4)csucf &H ygonf? xd@k
a=umifh &du k Ef uS o f rl sm;u tb OD;cspw f ifukd um;ay:u qGx J w k v f udk yf gonf? OD;cspw f if.atmufwiG &f adS eaom
usrwd@k ud, k vf ;Hk ay:vmrS/ usrtusu ô kd qG+J zJvu dk +f yD; cg;udk tkwcf jJ zifh xkygonf? usrwd@k trsKd ;orD;rsm;taejzifh
yifet D us&ô ifz;kH wxnfuo kd m 0wfqifcyhJ gonf? tcsKd @ trsKd ;om;rsm;rSm yifew D u kd yf t Hk ustô c|wcf &H vsiv f nf;/
atmufwiG f &Syt f ust ô jzLuseaf eao;onf? wdu k yf tHk usô r0wfxm;olrsm;rSm ud, k w f ;Hk vk;H useo
f nftxd yifeD
tusrô sm;udk qkwjf zJjypfygonf? xdu k o hJ @kd &du
k Ef uS af epOf usrudk 0g;qpfjzif(h 2)csucf ef@&u dk yf gonf? xdo k @kd &du
k Ef uS +f yD;
onft h cg ‚if;wd@k u um;ay:od@k wufvm+y;D / c&D;aqmiftw d rf sm;udq k , JG /l trsK;d orD;tcsK@d .qGóJ u;d rsm;udk jzwf,=l u
ygonf?
8? usrwd@k tm; um;ay:rSqcJG s+yD; atmufa&mufonft h csed w f iG f tusu ô q dk cJG |wcf &H jcif;jzpfygonf? trsKd ;
orD;rsm;tm;vH;k . yifet D uFsrD sm; ausmzufrpS w k +f yJuek o f jzifh usrwk@d trsKd ;orD;rsm;tm;vH;k xrD&ifvsm;rsm;jzifh
ae&ygonf? usr.tusrô mS aemufzufwiG pf w k +f yJjcif;jzpf+yD; tus. ô a&S@zufjcrf;rSm ru|waf o;yg? usrud&k u dk f
onfo h rl sm;wGif bke;f }uD;ESpyf g; yg0ifygonf? vli,fyed yf ed af umifav;wOD;u &Syt f uôstjzL0wfqifxm;+yD; OD;xkyf
udk aemufjyefaqmif;xm;jyD; ykq;kd udk pvG,o f ikd ;f xm;ygonf? usrwd@k .um;ay:rS vltm;vH;k udk um;atmufo@kd
qGcJ sygonf? ajcaxmufrS qGcJ sjcif;cH&onfo h rl sm;onf um;vrf;ray:od@k rsuEf mS jzif@ðywfusonft h cg atmufrS
73
toifah pmifah eolrsm;u udik af qmifxm;onfh 0g;&if;wkwrf sm;jzifh wqufwnf;0dik ;f &ku d =f uygonf? usrudk um;
ay:rS qGcJ sonft h cgwiG f OD;acgi;f uduk ikd q
f +JG yD; um;atmufo@kd csjcif;jzpfonft h wGuf um;ay:rS ab;wdu k t f ae
txm;jzifh usr ðywfusvmygonf?usr. b,fzufausmwjcrf;vk;H uwW&mvrf;ESiyhf w G w
f u kd rf o d jzifh yGe;f yJh
pkwjf ywfuek yf gonf? um;atmufo@kd usonfah e&mrS usr.qHyifuq kd I JG '&Gww f u kd qf aJG c:oGm;+y;D usr.acgi;f udk
vrf;rESihf qGu J ikd I
f aqmifyh gonf? xdo k @kd qaJG qmifah epOf &du k Ef uS af eolrsm;xJrS wOD;u usrudk ‘ukvm;r,m;
jzpfcsiwf mvm;/ ukvm;r,m;udk tm;ud;k wmvm;/ igw@kd u wHwm;awGaqmuf/ vrf;awGazmufaewmud/k
eifw@kd eif;vmwmr[kwv f m;/ igw@kd azmufxm;wJv h rf;rSm eifw@kd p;D vmwm/ armif;vmwm r[kwv f m;/ 'gawG
rodb;l vm;’ [kajymqd+k yD; usrudk 0g;c|ejf zifx h ;dk ygonf? rsuEf mS ESirhf suv f ;kH udak wmh rxdyg? xd@k aemuf 'Daumifr
'D yifet D usyô rJ ufaew,f [kqu kd m usr.tuôsuq kd cJG |wo f jzifh usru vHck snu f kd uAsmuoD qGw J ifvu kd &f
ygonf? wqufwnf;rSmyif usr0wfqifxm;onfx h rDuv kd nf; atmufrq S cJG |wyf gonf? xrDrmS aoG;rsm;ay
ae+yD; aoG;pD;rsm;jzifh pD;uyfaeonft h wGuf xrDurkd l c|wI f r&yg/ usrvnf; xrDudk csKd if;ESpzf ufjzifh n‡y+f yD;
xrD&ifvsm;xm;&ygonf? xd@k aemuf usrtm; 0g;&if;wkwjf zif&h u dk yf gonf? usr owdrar@ciftcsed w f iG f vlao
aeonfu h m;udk vSr;f jrif&ygonf? usrESihf um;wpD;wnf;twlvu kd yf gvmonfh roE mW pd;k ufkd ‘'gred ;f rvm;/
a,musmf ;vm;’[kajymqdu k m tuscô |waf e/ ¶du k af eonft h oHrsm;udk =um;&ygonf? olrtm; ¶du k af eonfukd
usr odaeygonf? um;ay:wGif ygvm olrsm;xHrS qGóJ ud;ðzwf,jl cif;/ ydu k q f rH sm;udv k , k jl cif;rsm;udk &du k Ef u S of rl sm;
u ðyvkyaf eonfukd usr jrifawG@ae&ygonf? xdo k @kd &u kd Ef u
S af epOf vlwOD;a&mufvmjyD; awmf=uawmh[k ajym
qduk m a&rD;/ a&rD;qdo k nfh oauFwrsm;udak jym+yD; olw@kd p;D vmonfu h m;rsm;jzifh jyefvnfxu G o f mG ;=uonf
udk awG@&ygonf? ‚if;wf@kd xu G o
f mG ;+yD;aemuf em&D0ufcef@xd tarSmifxJ wGijf idraf e&ygonf? xdt k csed w f iG f &GmxJrS
bke;f }uD;wyg;ESihf vl(5)OD;cef@ a&mufvmygonf? usrudk ac:yg[ak jymaomfvnf; usrudak yG@,v l u kd o f nft h csed f
wGif arhajrmoGm;onft h wGuf usrudk jyefcsxm;cJyh gonf// ac:roGm;yg?
9// udrk if;ode;f ESiahf ':=unf=unfjrifw h @kd .toHrsm;udk =um;&ojzifh usrvnf;owdjyef&vmygonf? rdrd
pD;vmonfhum;ay:rS awG@onfhtuôswxnfudkaumuf0wf+yD; ‘usrvJ vdkufr,f’[k atmf[pfajymonfh
twGuf &Gmom;wOD;u usrudu k m;ay:uqD;ayG@+yD; um;atmufo@kd csay;ygonf?usrwd@k p;D vmonfu h m;. um;
acgi;f ay:wGif um;armif;ol ukvm;av;pef;jrifh rSm b,fzufrsuv f ;kH xGujf yD; aoaeonfujkd rifawG@&ygonf?
olu tiSm;um;armif;orm;omjzpf+yD; tzG@0J if r[kwyf g? usrwd@k . ab;ywf0ef;usiu f dk =unfo h nft h cg(25)ay/
ay(50)cef@ wGi&f adS om v,fuiG ;f rsm;xJwiG f vlrsm; =unfrh aumif;atmif wk;H vk;H yufvufvaJ ejyD; emusio f jzifh
nnf;nLaeolrsm;udk awG@&ygonf? usrESifhtwlxGufajy;vmonfh a':=unf=unfjrifhu “&dkufwJhvlawG
jyefvm&if xyf+yD;aoukev f rd rhf ,f vmjyefp@kd ” [kajymonft h wGuf usrwd@k &Gmbufux kd u
G of mG ;=uygonf?
usrvnf; owdr&wcsu&f wcsuEf iS hf bke;f }uD;ausmif;ay:udk rnfo@kd a&mufvmonfukd rodawmhyg? ausmif;od@k
a&mufonft h cgwiG f ausmif;xdik b f ek ;f }uD;u ‘axmfvm*su D m; iSg;w,f/ AdaE<mq&mvnf; &Smcdik ;f w,f/b,forl S
rvdu k &f =J ubl;/ bmvky&f rSe;f rodv@kd xdik af ewm’ [kajymygonf? usr/ a':=unf=unfjrif/h armifrif;ode;f (3)OD;ESihf
rH&k mG rS ausmif;om;av;wOD; aygi;f (4)OD;udk bke;f }uD;ausmif;wGiaf umif;rGepf mG xm;ygonf? bke;f }uD;ausmif;u
tcsi;f jzpfymG ;onfah e&mESihf (1)rdik cf ef@a0;ygonf? (3)em&DccJG ef@wiG f bke;f +uD;a&mufvmjyD;‘'umr}uD; cifAsm;wk@d ukd
'DrmS rxm;&Jawmhb;l / ajy;awmh’[kq+dk yD; vrf;p&dwaf iG (1700)vmay;ygonf? usrwk@d ygvmonfah iGrsm;rSm
usrwd@k &du k Ef u
S cf &H onfth csed w f iG f ygvmonfah iGrsm;ud&k u kd Ef uS o
f rl sm;u vk,o l mG ;ojzifh usrwd@k wiG f aiGr&Sd
awmhyg?
10// bke;f }u;D ausmif;rS blwmod@k eHeuf(3)em&Dcw

JG iG f pwifxu
G cf mG vm&m eHeuf(5)em&Dcw
GJ iG f usn&f mG blwm
74
29=5=2003 &ufaeŒ rkH±GmtoGm; acsmif;OD;òrdŒe,f/ a&ydk;pm;aus;&GmteD;

tiftm;(300)cefŒ&Sdvltkyf}uD;u qdkif;bkwfrsm; udkifaqmifI atmf[pfqJqdk aESmifh,SufaepOf
&Ho k @kd a&muf&ydS gonf? blwmESihf bke;f }uD;ausmif;rSm (3)rdik cf cGJ ef@a0;a=umif;udk vdu k yf @dk onfh OD;Zif;u ajymjyI
od&ygonf// (8)em&Dxu G o
f nf&h xm;jzifh tifet f ,fv'f rD S (3)OD;ESihf rk&H mG jrKd @rS vli,fwOD; twlr&kH mG jrKd @o@kd jyefvu kd cf Jh
ygonf? &xm;u(12)em&Dcw JG iG f rk&H mG od@k a&mufygonf? usr. 'l;ESiahf ygiw f @kd tm; &kud x f m;onf'h %f&mrsm; a=umifh
rH&k mG òrd@o@kd a&mufonft
h cg rv_yEf idk af wmhyg? xd@k a=umifh qku d u
f m;pD;+yD; bke;f }uD;ausmif;udo k mG ;&ygonf? vli,f
av;wOD;rSm rk&H mG a&mufuwnf;u ‚if;aexdik o f nf&h mG od@k jyefajy;ygonf? usrESit hf wl armifrif;ode;f / r=unfjrifh
(3)OD;om bke;f }uD;ausmif;wGiu f se&f pfcyhJ gonf? bke;f }uD;ausmif;wGiaf exdik af epOfumvrsm;twGi;f t0wftpm;
rsm;vJvS,f&ef ryg&SdonfhtwGuf wynfhawmfwkd@udk t0wftpm;tvSLcHay;yg&ef bkef;}uD;udk awmif;yef
avsmufxm;&ygonf? xdak usmif;wGif (2)&ufcef@ae+yD;onfah emuf udv k oS ef;ESihf rcifat;jrifw h @kd (2)OD;vnf;
xdk bke;f }uD;ausmif;udk xyfraH &mufvmygonf? usrudk q&m0efwOD;uvmI aq;0g;ukoay;ojzifh oufom
vm+yD; xdik ;f jrefrm e,fpyfwae&mudk =o*kwv f ( 19 )&ufae@wiG f a&muf&cdS yhJ gonf?
txufyg trSwpf Of (1)rS (10) txd yg&o dS nft h a=umif;t&mrsm;onf rdru d ,kd w
f ikd af wG@/ ud,
k w
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+cdr;f ajcmufjcif;/ aoG;aqmifjzm;a,mif;jcif;/ vdrv f nfvn S jhf zm;jcif; r&Sb
d J rdr.
d vGwvf yfonfo h abmqENt&
xkwaf zmfajym=um;jcif;jzpfa=umif; 0efcu H wdjyK vufrw S af &;xd;k ygonf?
a':nGef@nGef@
2003 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (20)&uf/
75
udkrif;odef; ( rEWav; taemufawmifòrdŒ e,f )

vli,fwGJzufwm0efcH (3). uwdopPmjyKxGufqkdcsuf
trnf udkrif;odef;
tztrnf OD;wifatmif
trdtrnf a':trm=unf
tvkyftudkif yef;ykESifh ausmufvkyfief;
arG;ouU&mZf 1970ckEpS /f {+yDv/ 2 &uf
trsdK;om;rSwfyHkwiftrSwf 9§ rew (Edkif) 018041
usaemf rif;ode;f onf arv(30)&ufae@wiG jf zpfymG ;cJo

h nfh 'Dy,
J if; vky=f uHr}_ uD;ESiyhf wfoufI uwdopPmjyK
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1? usaemf.trnf armifrif;ode;f Edik if o H m;pDppfa&;u'f (9§ rew(Edik )f 008041) udik af qmifoo l nf

zcifjzpfol OD;wifatmifEiS hf rdcifjzpfol a':trm=unfw@kd rS 1970 ckEpS {f +yDv (2) &ufae@wiG af rG;zGm;cJyh gonf?
yef;ykEiS ahf usmufvyk if ef;udk toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyif ef;tjzpf vkyuf ikd +f yD; rE aW v;/ taemufawmifòrd@e,fwiG f
rdbrsm;ESit hf wl aexdik yf gonf? usaemfonf 2000jynhEf pS /f vli,fz@JG pnf;a&;wGi2f 000 jynfEh pS /f {+yDv/ tzG@J 0if
pjzpfonft h csed rf S pI vuf&udS mvtxd/ rE aW v; taemufawmifòf rd@e,f/ vli,fwm0efc/H wGb J uf(3)tjzpf
wav#mufv;kH wm0ef,x l m;ygonf? 2000 jynfEh pS /f arv (19)&ufrS 2001 ckEpS /f rwfv(31)&uftxd taemuf
awmif+rdK@e,f vli,fz@JG pnf;r_twGuf rE aW v;td;k bdak xmifwiG f zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ ygonf?
2? rE Wav;rHk&Gmc&D;pOfwGifòrd@e,ftvdkuf vrf;c&D;vHkjcHKa&;wm0ef,l&ygonf? usaemfonf taemuf

awmifòr@d e,f vHjk cKH a&;wm0efct H jzpf a&S@ajy;taeESiv hf u kd yf gc&hJ jcif;jzpfonf? rE aW v;u pxGuI f ppfuikd ;f wHwm;
udak usmo f nfEiS hf }uHzh @HG tzG@J 0if vltyk pf k wpkuakd wG@&ygonf? ‚if;wd@k u “jynfytm;ud;k ykqed ¶f ;kd tvdrk &Sd / vd&k moH;k
'Dru kd a&pD tvdrk &S”d ponfq h ikd ;f bkwrf sm;udk udik +f yD;&yfwef@apmifq h ikd ;f aeonfukd usaemfw@kd jrifawG@&ygonf?
jrif;rlòr@d ukd a&mufonft h cgwiG f jrif;rljrKd @e,f vli,fz@JG pnf;a&;vkyyf gonf? vli,fz@JG pnf;a&;vkyaf eonft h csed w
f iG f
jrif;rlòrd@e,f tzG@J csKyf&;kH .tjyifY avmfpyDum(2)vH;k wyfxm;onfh }uHzh @HG .'dik ef mum;wpD; &yfaeonfujkd rifawG@
&ygonf? xdu k m;ay:wGif pD;eif;vdu k yf gvmolrsm;u um;acgirf ;kd ay:ESihf um;xJwiG f tjynfyh g &So d nfujkd rifawG@&yg
onf? wyfrawmfaxmufvrS ;f a&;um;rsm;vnf; rdrw d @kd .,mOfwef;rsm;aemufrS vdu k yf gvmonfujkd rifawG@&yg
onf? axmufvrS ;f a&;um;rsm;.teD;wGif Van & Publica um; awmfawmfrsm;rsm;udv k nf; jrifawG@&ygonf?
jrif;rlòrd@e,f tzG@J csKyf0if;.a&S@wiG f um;wpD;ay:rS AG'D , D u kd ifr&mjzifh vlo;kH OD;/ wa,mufycH;k ay: wa,mufwifI
ususee¶du k u f ;l aeonfukd usaemfw@kd jrifawG@&ygonf? useo f nfu h m;rsm;ay:rSvnf; trsKd ;rsKd ;vSnyhf wfI "gwyf kH
ESihf AG'D ,
D &kd ukd u f ;l aeonfukd jrifawG@&ygonf?
3? rH&k mG òrd@o@kd 0ifonft

h csed rf mS ae0ifv+k yDjzpfygonf? ‘rH&k mG òrd@rS óudqykd g.’qdo
k nfh qdik ;f bkwu
f kd (6)em&D
76
0ef;usicf ef@wiG f a&muf&ydS gonf? rH&k mG òrd@e,f trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf &H;k od@k n (9)em&Dausmw f iG f a&muf&ydS g
onf? rH&k mG òr@d rmS rD; jzwfxm;jcif;cH&onft h wGuf za,mif;wdik rf sm;udik af qmifI apmifóh uad e=uonfh jynfov l x l k
u“a':atmifqef;pk=unf use;f rmygap/ trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf use;f rmygap”qdo k nf/h aºuG;a=umforH sm;
jzif@ rdrw
d @kd tzG@J 0ifrsm; pD;eif;vdu
k yf gvmonf, h mOfrsm;udk v_u d v
f pJS mG óudq=kd uygonf? ode;f cso D nfh jynfov l x
l u k
wvrf;vH;k jynfóh udq=kd uonfukd jrifawG@&ygonf? qdik u f ,frsm;udk rsupf w d qH;k jrifawG@ae&ygonf? rH&k mG òrd@wiG f
trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf qdik ;f bkww
f ifyv
JG yk +f yD; tzG@J csKyfvil ,fz@JG pnf;a&;udv k nf; rH&k mG òrd@&dS pderf #m;pwd;k wGif
nwGi;f csi;f ðyvkycf yhJ gonf?
4? arv (30)&ufae@wiG f usaemfw@kd rH&k mG òrd@rx S u

G v
f m+yD;aemuf bkwvifuakd &muf&+dS yD;/ bkwvifòrd@e,f
vli,fz@JG pnf;a&; aqmif&u G yf gonf? rdrw d @kd .um;wef;rsm;teD;wGif wyfrawmfaxmufvrS ;f a&;rS um;rsm;/ =uH@z@G H
tzG@J 0ifrsm;.um;rsm; tjrJwrf;vdu k yf gapmif=h unfah eonfukd jrifawG@&ygonf? bkwvifòrd@e,f vli,fz@JG pnf;a&;
udk vkyaf qmif+yD;/ naeydik ;f wGif bkwvifrx S u
G cf mG cJyh gonf? pdik jf yif&dS trsKd ;om;'Drakd &pDtzG@J csKyf¶;kH od@k 0ifa&muf+yD;
óudqakd e=uonfjh ynfov l x l t k m; a':atmifqef;pk=unfu E_wcf eG ;f qufpum; ajym=um;ygonf? óudqakd eonfh
jynfov l x l t
k m;E_wq
f uf+yD; usaemfw@kd ,mOfwef;onf 'Dy, J if; c&D;pOfukd qufvufxu G cf mG cJyh gonf?
5? usn&f mG udk n(8)em&Dcef@wiG af &muf&ydS gonf? usn&f mG rSvx l u k xGu+f yD; usaemfw@kd um;wef;udk óud
qd=k uygonf// usn&f mG rS udu k (f 300)cef@xu G vf monft h csed f usaemfw@kd um;.aemufwiG f a':atmifqef;pk=unf
wd@k pD;eif;vdu k yf gvmonfu h m; jzpfygonf?usaemfw@kd .um;rSm vHjk cKH a&;um;taejzifh c&D;pOfwavsmuf t+rw J rf;
vdu k yf gc&hJ +yD; a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd um;. a&S@ (4)pD;ajrmufjzpfygonf? vlrsm; &kw&f w k o
f oJ jJ zpfaeonfh
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um;.a&S@wiG f tr&yl&OD;vSjrif. h um; jzpfygonf? xdt k csed wf iG b
f ek ;f }uD;(2)yg;ESihf vl(2)a,muf(3)a,mufu
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vHjk cHKa&;,lrnfv h il ,frsm; a':atmifqef;pk=unfum;teD;od@k omG ;&ef um;ay:wGiv f ukd yf gvmonfh vl}uD;rsm;
u ajymygonf? usaemfw@kd um;teD;od@k a&mufonft h cg bke;f }uD;u ‘w&m;a[may;yg/ w&m;a[m+yD;rS 'Du
oGm;&r,f’[k ajymaeonfu=kd um;&ygonf? xdt k cg a':pkum;ay:wGiyf gonfh vli,fwm0efcH udx k eG ;f aZmfaZmfu
qif;+yD; “t&Sib f &k m;/wynfah wmfw@kd tcsed rf &onft h wGuf oGm;cGiðhf yyg/ a&S@rmS vnf; c&D;qufp&mawG &Syd gao;
vkyf}uHr+jzpfyGm;ykHtm; rsufjrifoufaowkdŒ.ajymqkdcsuft& ykH-urf;a&;qJG azmfjycsuf
77
w,f”[kavsmufxm;ygonf? ‘rif;wd@k omG ;vd@k r&bl;/ oGm;cGihf ray;Edik b f ;l / w&m;a[m+yD;rS oGm;&r,f’[k ajymyg
onf? vl(2)a,mufuvnf;/ ‘a[haumif/rif;wd@k ajym+yD;rS oGm;&r,f’[k &efvo kd nfyh pkH jH zif0h ifI ajymqdyk gonf?
bke;f }u;D u ‘a[haumifawG/ rif;wd@k tomae/ igb h mom igajymr,f’[kqu kd m ol@vrl sm;udo k x l ed ;f +y;D ‘igw@kd val wG
aemufrmS vmae+yD? apmif+h yD; w&m;a[may;yg/ a[m+yD;rSyJ oGm;&r,f? 'DrmS yJ w&m;a[may;yg’ [k xyfrH
ajymqdyk gonf// a':atmifqef;pk=unf.um;udk wm;vdu k of nft
h wGu/f um;ay:rS tzG@J csKyf tzG@J 0ifvil ,frsm;ESihf
usaemfw@kd rE aW v;rS vHjk cHKa&; wm0ef ,lxm;onfh vli,frsm;tm;vH;k a':atmifqef;pk=unf. um;teD;od@k
a&muf&v dS mygonf? xd@k a=umifh bke;f }uD;uajymqdo k nhpf um;rsm;udk =um;ae&jcif;jzpfygonf? wqufwnf;wGif
tzG@J csKyfum;rsm;ay:rS vlrsm;uvnf; ud, k u
hf m;ay: ud, k wf uf um;xGurf nf[ak jymonft h wGuf rdrw d @kd p;D vm
onfu h m;rsm;ay:udk jyefIwufygonf? usaemfw@kd um;ay:udak &mufonfEiS w hf òydief uf tzG@J csKyftzG@J 0ifrsm;.
,mOfwef;aemufrS vdu k v f monfh um;wef;onf um;a&S@r;D rsm;udx k ;kd I òydiwf q l ukd &f mufvmygonf?
6// wqufwnf;rSmyif xdu k m;rsm;ay:rSvrl sm;qif;vm+y;D awG@or#vt l m;vH;k udk wef;pD+y;D pwif¶u kd yf gonf?
usn&f mG rS vma&muf=uKd q=kd uonf&h mG vlxu k vnf; xdt k csed w
f iG f rjyefao;yg? armfawmfum;rsm;. a&S@r;D xd;k xm;
onft h wGuf ¶duk Ef u
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usaemfw@kd =um;ae&ygonf? awG@or#vt l m;vk;H udk odr;f usKH ;I¶du
k Ef u
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xJwiG f vl}uD;/ vli,frsm;/ tbd;k }uD;/ tbGm;}uD;rsm;ESihf uav;rsm;utp &du k Ef u
S jf cif;udck &H ygonf? xdo k @kd &u
kd f
ESucf &H onfth wGuf &Gmom;rsm;rSmusn&f mG xJo@kd xGuaf jy;oGm;=uonfuv kd nf; jrifawG@&ygonf?
7? xdt k csed w f iG f &du

k Ef uS o f rl sm;u a':atmifqef;pk=unftm;vdu k yf @kd=uonhf qdik uf ,frsm;ESihf usaemfw@dk.um;
rsm;udk pwif ¶du k Ef u S yf gonf? usaemfw@kdtm;&du k Ef uS o f nfo h rl sm; pD;eif;vduk yf gvmonhf um;rsm;rSm bkwvifrS pxGuf
onfhtcsdefrS pI usaemfwdk@.,mOfwrf;aemufwGif avmfpyDum(2)vHk;wyfqifxm;onfh }uHhzGH@um;wpD;u
OD;aqmif+yD; vdu k yf gvmonfu h m;rsm;jzpfygonf? um;wef;rsm;udk rsupf w d qH;k jrifae&onfh twGuf um;pD;a&
rnfr#&o dS nfukd twdtus rajymEdik yf g? xdu k m;rsm;ay:rSqif;vmonfh bke;f }uD;rsm;u OD;aqmifI usaemfw@kd .
um;rsm;ESi@f qdik u f ,fp;D vmolrsm;udk pwif&u kd Ef u
S =f uygonf? bke;f }uD;rsm;. nmbufvufwiG f vufywftjzL
rsm;ywfxm;+yD; ‘ukvm;r,m; vkycf siw f [hJ mawG’ [k qJq}kd udr;f armif;+yD; vlrqefpmG pwif ¶du k Ef uS jf cif;jzpf
ygonf? &du k of nfo h rl sm; usaemfw@kd um;teD;od@k a&mufonft h csed wf iG f usaemf xdik cf svu kd yf gonf? rdr. d ab;wGif
rwfwyf&yfaeolrsm;t¶du k cf &H ygonf? acgi;f rsm;udt k rsm;qH;k t"duxm; ¶du k of nfujkd rifawG@&ygonf? ‚if;wd@k ¶u kd f
ESu&f mwGit f oH;k jyKonfv h ufeufrsm;rSm opfom;vH;k / ESpw f vufrwkw/f 0g;&if;wkwEf iS hf oHc|ew f w k rf sm; jzpfonf
udk awG@ae&ygonf? 0dik ;f ¶du k o f nft h wGuf um;ay:rS&yfaeolrsm; rdrt d ay:od@k vòJ y+d y;D usvmygonf? ‚if;wd@k .cE<m
ud, k rf x
S u G vf monfah oG;rsm; rdryd g;pyfx0J ifvmonfukd axG;xkwv f @kd r&Edik of nftxd rdr. d ud, k af y:wGiyf d
aeygonf? xdo k @kd yad eonft h csed w
f iG f &du
k af eonfo h rl sm;xJrw S a,mufu ‘a&S@rmS ukvm;rum; &Sw d ,f/ ukvm;r
um;udk oGm;¶du k /f ukvm;rudk aoatmifowf/ ukvm;r aorSjzpfrmS ’[katmf [pftrde@f ay;aeonft h oHukd
vnf; =um;ae&ygonf? usaemfwdk@um;ay:rS t&dkufcH&onfhvlrsm;uvnf; emusifonfhtwGuf“trav;
a=umufyg+yDAs/ aoyg+yDAs”[laom nnf;nLaeonft h oHrsm;ud=k um;vsif ‘[m 'Daumif raoao;bl;/¶du k f
¶duk ’f [kq+kd yD; xyfr0H ikd ;f ¶du k yf gonf? rdrw d @kd vnf;aemufq;kH wGif rnnf;nL&J/ ratmf&J =uawmhyg? tcsKd @vnf;
owdarhoGm;=uygonff? tcsdK@vnf; aooGm;onf[k,lq&ygonf? xdk@tjyif raobJ '%f&mjyif;xef I
tenf;i,fvy_ af eonfujkd rifvsif ‘[m raoao;bl; ¶du k f ¶duk ’f [kq+kd yD; xyfrpH òk yH+yD; 0dik ;f ¶du
k yf gonf? xdo k @kd
¶du
k o f nft h cgwiG f t¶du k cf &H onfh vlay:udk wOD; wa,mufwnf;u wkww f acsmif;wnf;jzifh ¶du k jf cif; r[kwb f J
wkwrf sm; pkòyH+yD;&du k af eonfuakd wG@& ygonf?
78
8? xdo k @kd t&du k cf aH e&onft h csed w

f iG f rdrw
d @kd .um;ay:wGif vl}uD;/vli,f tm;vH;k (15)OD;cef@ pD;eif;vdu k yf g
vmonf? rdrw d @kd um;.a&S@cef;wGif um;armif;olrmS aps;csKd vlrt _ axmuftuljyKtzG@J rS udx k eG ;f 0if;jzpf+yD; ‚if;ESihf
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aemufcef;wGif ud&k rJ if;aZm/f wGzJ ufwm0efc(H 1)/ udak ZmfaZmfatmif wGb J ufwm0efc(H 2)/ usaemfu wGb J uf
wm0efc(H 3)/ udak usmrf sKd ;ol/ udrk sKd ;wif/h ud0k Àatmif/ OD;wifjrif/h OD;wifarmifO;D (aoqH;k ol "gwyf q kH &m)/ udo k ed ;f wk;d
at; (aoqH;k ol taemufawmifjrdK@e,fpnf;)wd@k EiS t hf wl trsKd ;orD;tzG@J 0ifrsm;xJrS òrd@e,fpnf; rsm;jzpf=uonfh
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tzG@J xrJ S useo f nfh vli,f(2)OD;udk usaemf emrnf rrSwrf ad wmhyg?
9? xdok @kd ¶ukd af eonft h csed w

f iG f um;a&S@r;D rsm;udk aemufbufrS tcsed jf ynfx h ;kd xm;onfujkd rifawG@&ygonf/
&du
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0wfonfh trsKd ;orD;rsm;.tuôsrsm;udk qGcJ |wyf gonf? ‚if;wd@k 0wfqifxm;onfh qGóJ ud;rsm;udv k nf; qGðJ zwfyg
onf? ydu k q f t H w d /f c&D;aqmiftw d f ponfyh pPn;f rsm;udv k nf; tuke, f o
l nfuakd wG@&ygonf? yg;pyfrv S nf;
‘igw@kd vrf;awGazmufw,f/ wHwm;awGaqmufw,f/ eifw@kd 'guakd wmh taumif;rjrifb;l vm;/ eifw@kd atmifqef;
pk=unfu bmvkyaf y;wke;f / ukvm;r,m;u bmvkyaf y;wke;f / ukvm;r,m; jzpfcsiw f myJowd ,f/ usew f m eifw@kd
bmodwek ;f ’[k }urd ;f armif;ajymqd+k y;D tqufrjywf ¶du k Ef u
S o
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udk usrwd@k c|waf y;ygrh nf’[k awmif;yefajymqdak omfvnf; r&yg/ twif;t"rR qGcJ |wo f nf udk cH=u&ygonf?
usaemfp;D vmonfh um;ay:wGif jzpfaeonft h wGuf ,ckuo hJ @kd jrifae=um;ae&jcif;jzpfygonf?
10? ‚if;wd@k ¶duk +f y;D +y;D csi;f rdrw

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aqmifxm;onfo h rl sm;u aemufo@kd vSnjhf yefomG ;onfujkd rifawG@&ygonf? xdo k @kd jzpfymG ;onfah e&mwGif aus;&Gm
ol&mG om;rsm;ESihf jynfov l x l w k @kd r&S=d uyg? qufvufI xGucf mG vm&m atmf[pfqENjyolrsm;u ‚if;wd@k .
um;rsm;jzifh rdrw d @kd .,mOfwef;rsm;aemufrS qufvufvu kd yf gvmcJyh gonf?
4? jrif;rlEiS rhf &kH mG vrf;ckvwf&dS trnfrod&mG w&GmwGif a'ocHjynfov l xl rk sm;tm;a':atmifqef;pk=unf

a&muf&v dS mygu xGuI f óudqjkd cif; rjyK&eftrde@f xw k x
f m;onfukd &Gmol&mG om;rsm;uajymjyIod&ygonf? xd&k mG
wGiaf ':atmifqef;pk=unftm; qef@usiq f ENjy&ef pepfwuswef;pD+yD;apmifah eonfukd jrifawG@&ygonf? xdpk w D ef;
aeonho f rl sm;.aemufwiG f &J(2)OD; &J0wfpjkH zifh &yfIapmif=h unfah eygonf?&Gm0ifvrf;wGif ,mOfxed ;f &Jrsm;udv k nf;
jrifawG@& ygonf? &Gmom;rsm;tm; a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; vrf;ay:xGuI f óudqkd jcif;rjyK&ef trde@f xw k x f m;
aomfvnf; &Gmol&mG om;rsm;urvdu k ef mbJ &GmvH;k u|wx f u G If óudq=kd uygonf? xdt k csed w
f iG f a'ocH&mG ol&mG
om;rsm;/ &[ef;oHCmrsm; tiftm;rsm;onft h wGuf atmf[pfqENjyjcif;rjyKbJ qdik ;f bkwrf sm;udak tmufo@kd csI
acgi;f iH@k um&yfae=uygonf? vufcyk w f ;D tm;ay;onfh a'ocHjynfov l x l uk kd rdrw d @kd . um;wef;aemufo@kd vdu k f
vmonfu h m;rsm;ay:rS AG'D , D u
kd ifr&mjzifh rSww f rf;wifjcif;/ "gwyf &kH u
kd jf cif;rsm; jyKvkyaf eonfukd rdrw d @kd jrifawG@
&ygonf?
5? acsmif;OD;rS rH&k mG òrd@o@kd t0ifwiG f vma&mufóudq=kd uonf@ rH&k mG òrd@rq S ikd uf ,ftpD; (200) (300)cef@ukd
awG@&ygonf? xdk qdik u f ,frsm;/ um;rsm;onf ol@vrf;ESio hf l armif;ESi=f uygonf? rH&k mG òrd@wiG f tm%mydik rf sm;u
wòrd@v;kH rD;rsm;jzwfawmufxm;onft h wGuf usaemfw@kd tzG@J ukd vlx}k uD;u za,mif;wdik rf ;D rsm;xGe;f nS+d yD; óudqkd
83
=u ygonf? rH&k mG òrd@o@kd nae (6)em&Dcef@wiG f a&muf&cdS yhJ gonf? rH&k mG òrd@wiG f nbuf (10)em&DcJG (11) em&Dcef@wiG f
rH&k mG òrd@e,f trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf&;kH zGiv
hf pS yf EJG iS hf qdik ;f bkww
f ifyu
JG kd jyKvkycf yhJ gonf?
6/ arv (30) &ufae@ eHeuf(9)em&Dcef@wiG f rH&k mG òrd@&dS aZmwdubke;f awmf}uD;ausmif;od@k 0ifa&mufI

q&mawmftm; zl;ajrmfaomfvnf; q&mawmfr&So d jzifh rzl;awG@&yg // xd@k a=umifh rdrw
d @kd onf bkwvifòrd@o@kd
qufvufxu G cf mG cJyh gonf? rdrw
d @kd .,mOfrsm; rH&k mG òrd@rS rxGucf mG rD rdrw
d @kd .um; vuf0zJ ufY rE aW v;/rH&k mG c&D;
onfwifum;('dik ef m)ay:wGif xrif;xkyrf sm;toif, h al qmifxm;+yD; a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; qef@usiq f ENjy
rnfo h rl sm;ESitfh wl &Jpcef;r_;wOD;vnf; twl&adS eonfujkd rifawG@&ygonf? rH&k mG òrd@ay:&Sd ausmif;q&mwOD;.ajym
jycsut f & a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyftm; qef@usiq f ENjyvsif xrif;au|;/pm;&dwf
+idr;f wae@ aiG(500)usyf xkwaf y;a=umif; od&&dS ygonf?
7? rH&k mG òrd@rt
S xGuw f iG f a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftzG@J 0ifrsm;. um;(12)
pD;cef@ &Syd gonf?rdrw d @dk .um;aemufwiG f trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftzG@J 0if trsK;d orD;tzG@J 0ifrsm; pD;eif;vdu
k yf g
onfu h m;jzpf+y;D xdu k m;.OD;cef;wGif a':0if;jrjrESihf aemufcef;wGif a,musmf ;/rde;f r(12)OD;cef@vu kd yf gvm=uygonf?
aemufq;kH um;wGif &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;/ ud&k ifrsm; pD;eif;vdu k yf gvmygonf?
8? rH&k mG rSxu G v
f monft h cg xl;jcm;csurf sm; r&Sad o;yg? bkwvifòrd@o@kd a&mufonft h cgwiG f bkwvifòrd@
e,f trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf/ qdik ;f bkww f ifyEJG iS vhf il ,fz@JG pnf;a&;udk usi;f ycJyh gonf? xdrk w S qifh nae (6)
em&Dcef@wiG f pdik jf yifo@kd qufvufxu G cf mG cJyh gonf? pdik jf yifwiG f a':atmifqef;pk=unf rdepf(30)cef@ rde@f ceG ;f ajymyg
onf? xd@k aemuf pdik jf yifrS 'Dy, J if;òr@d o@kd qufvufxu G cf mG cJyh gonf// xdt k csed w
f iG f usaemfw@dk um;.a&S@wiG f um;(9)
pD; aemufwiG (f 2)pD;&Syd gonf? xd@k aemuf ysu H s&mG teD;od@k a&mufonft h cgwiG f vlta,muf(40)cef@ pDeif; vdu k yf gEikd f
onfh rSefvHkum; tpD;(20)cef@ usaemfwdk@um;wef;rsm;.aemuf rvSrf;rurf;rS vdkufygvmonfudk jrifawG@
&ygonf? xdo k @kd armif;ESivf mpOf usn&f mG teD;od@k ta&mufwiG f bke;f }uD;(2)yg;u a':atmifqef;pk=unf pD;eif;
vdu k yf gvmaomum;udk wm;I rde@f ceG ;f ajymay;&efawmif;qdyk gonf// xdt k cg A[dv k il ,fvjkH cHKa&;tzG@J wm0efcH
u tcsdefr&ojzifh rdef@cGef;rajymEdkifonfudkcGifhvGwfyg&efarwWm&yfcHav#mufxm;onfudkjrifawG@&ygonf//
xdak emufum;udk a&S@o@kd tenf;i,farmif;ESio f mG ;ygonf?xdt k csed w f iG f rdrwd @kd ,mOfrsm;.aemuf rvSr;f rurf;rS
vdu k yf gvmonfh qef@usiq f ENjyolrsm;u a'ocHvx l t k m; toif, h al qmifvmonfh 'kwrf sm;/ oHc|erf sm;/ oHww k f
rsm;/ 0g;&if;wkwrf sm;jzifh pwif&u kd Ef u S yf gonf//
9? a':atmifqef;pk=unfu trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ tzGJ@0ifrsm;pD;eif;vdkufygvmonfh um;rsm;
ud&k yfwef@xm;&ef ajym=um;ygonf? xdo k @kd &u
kd Ef u
S af eonft h csed w
f iG af 'ocH&mG om;rsm;xJrS (3)(4)OD;cef@ u‘a':pk
u,fygO;D æ usaemfw@kd &mG om;awG t&du k cf aH e&+yD’[k atmf[pftultnDawmif;um rdrw d @kd .um;rsm;&yfxm;
onfhae&modk@ a&muf&Sdvmygonf? xdktcsdefwGif a'gufwmvSpdk;nGef@u vma&mufóudqdkaeonfh bkef;}uD;
(2)yg;udt k ultnDawmif;&m bke;f =uD;rsm;u rjzpfEikd af =umif; jyefvnfajym=um; ygonf? tb,fa=umifq h akd omf
xdak e@ ae@vnfwiG f usn&f mG teD;&Sb d ek ;f =uD;ausmif;rsm;udk a'oqkid &f m tm%mydik t f zG@J tpnf;rsm;u a':atmif
qef;pk=unfEiS hf trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf/tzG@J 0ifrsm; a&muf&v dS mygu oGm;a&mufóudqjkd cif; rjyK&/ tultnD
ray;&/ jy\em wpHw k &mjzpfyguvnf; xGurf vm&[k tcsKd @ bke;f }uD;ausmif;rsm;tm+cdr;f ajcmufI‚if;/ tcsKd @
bkef;}uD;ausmif;rsm;tm; v_zG,fypPnf;rsm; qufuyfrnf[kajymqdkI‚if;/ óudwifvma&mufwm;jrpfcJhonf//
xdo k @kd wm;jrpfxm;onft h wGuf tultnD r&Edik af =umif;/ qufo, G af &;vrf;rsm;udv k nf;ydwx f m;vdu k +f yD jzpf
a=umif; xdb k ek ;f }uD;u jyefvnf ajymjyygonf?
84
xdo
k @kd a'ocH&mG om;rsm;tm;&du k Ef u S af eonfukd AG'D ,
D jkd zifrh wS w
f rf;wif&ef rdrw d @kd EiS t
hf wlvu kd yf gvmonfh
qdik u
f ,frsm;u pDwef;IrD;rsm;xd;k ay;ygonf? xdq k ikd u
f ,fr;D rsm;.atmufwiG f 'kwrf sm;/0g;&if;wkwrf sm;/ oH'w k f
rsm;/oHc|erf sm;udu
k ikd af jr‡mufum atmf[pfaeonfv h rl sm;udrk ;D a&mifjzifjh rifawG@&ygonf? xdt k csed w f iG f c&mr_wf
tcsuaf y;oH=um;&+yD; xdo k rl sm; nmoHay;um vufywfteDywfxm;onfb h ek ;f }uD;rsm;uOD;aqmifI ajy;wuf
vmonfudk jrifawG@&ygonf? xdo k @kd ajy;wufvmonfukd &kww f &ufjrifawG@&I tHt hH m;oifah ecsed w f iG f rdrw
d @kd
,mOfwef;.aemufq;kH um;jzpfaom &[ef;oHCmrsm;ESihf ud&k ifrsm;pD;eif;vdu k yf gvmonfu h m;tm; yxrqH;k
pwifI t=urf;zuf &du k Ef u
S =f uygonf?
10? xd@k aemuf a':0if;jrjrwd@k p;D eif;vdu k yf gvmonfh trsKd ;orD;rsm;.um;udk qufwu kd q f o kd vdk 0ifa&muf
&du
k Ef u S =f uonfujkd rifawG@&ygonf? xdo k @kd jzpfaeonft h csed w
f iG f um;ay:wGiyf gvmolrsm;teuf tcsKd @u ,m
cif;xJo@kd ‚if; tcsKd @u um;vrf;ray:od@k wufI‚if; xGuaf jy;=uygonf? xdo k @kd vrl sm; OD;wnf&mrJh xGuaf jy;
onft h csed w f iG f rdrw d @kd .armfawmf,mOfwef;ESit hf wl a':atmifqef;pk=unfp;D eif;vdu k yf gvmaom um;rSmvnf;
xGuaf jy;=uonfv h t l yk rf sm;.aemufwiG f use&f pfcyhJ gonf?
wqufwnf;rSmyif a':atmifqef;pk=unf.um;udk &du k af e+yDjzpfa=umif; atmf[pfajymoHrsm;=um;&ojzifh
a&S@o@kd a&mufaeonfv h t l yk rf mS aemufzufo@kd wzefjyefIvSnv hf mygonf?a':atmifqef;pk=unf.um; teD;od@k
ta&mufwiG f um;rSm 0dik ;f &du k af eonfh vlrsm;=um;rS twif;armif;xGuv f monf udjk rifawG@&ygonf? um;ay:
wGif A[dv k il ,fvjkH cKH a&;tzG@J 0ifrsm; (*)OD; (9)OD;cef@u armfawmfum;.abmifrsm;ay:wGif rwfwyf&yfvsuf rsuEf mS
csi;f qdik f vufcsi;f qufI tumtuG,af y;vdu k yf gomG ;onfujkd rifawG@vu kd &f ygonf?a':atmifqef;pk=unf.
um;aemufrS rdrw d @kd tzG@J 0ifrsm;.um;rsm;uvnf; wqufwnf;vdu k yf garmif;ESiv f mojzifh xGuaf jy;=uonfh
olrsm;onf rD&mum;rsm;ay:od@k wufI pD;eif;vdu k yf gc=hJ uygonf? um;ay:wGif vlrsm;jynfah eojzifh rdrw d OD;wnf;
um;trd;k ay:od@k wufI pD;eif;cJyh gonf// um;armif;xGu+f yD; (10) rdepfcef@t=umwGif rdrw d @kd .armfawmfum;
toHrsm;a=umifh vrf;ab; 0J,m v,fuiG ;f rsm;xJ&dS pHepfwustoif&h yfwef@apmifq h ikd ;f aeonfu h m;rsm;rS um;a&S@
rD;rsm;udk òydiw f zl iG vhf u kd yf gonf? rdrrd mS um;acgirf ;kd ay:wGi&f adS eonft h wGuf v,fuiG ;f twGi;f toifah pmifq h ikd ;f
aeonfh vlO;D a& cef@reS ;f ajc (1000) eD;yg;cef@ukd um;rD;a&mifrsm;.a&S@wiG f 'kwrf sm;/ oH'w k rf sm;/ 0g;&if;wkwrf sm;/
oHc|erf sm;udik af qmif+yD; apmifah eonfujkd rifawG@&ygonf? xdak pmifq h ikd ;f aeonfo h rl sm;.=um;od@k a':atmifqef;
pk=unf.um; a&muf&o dS mG ;onft h csed wf iG f toifah pmifah eolrsm;u ‚if;wd@k uikd af qmifxm;onfh 'kwrf sm;/ tkwcf J
rsm;/ avmufav;cGrsm;/oH'w k rf sm;jzifh a':atmifqef;pk=unf.armfawmfum;udk ypfaygu=f uygonf? vufvrS ;f rD
onfo h rl sm;uvnf; um;udk 0dik ;f I&du k Ef uS =f uygonf?
11? a':atmifqef;pk=unf.armfawmfum;u vltyk }f uD;tm; vGeo f mG ;onft h csed w f iG f rdrw

d @kd p;D eif;vdu k yf g
vmonfu h m;rSm t=urf;zuf&u kd Ef u
S &f ef toifah pmifah eonfv h tl yk t f wGi;f od@k pwif0ifa&mufonft h csed f jzpf
ygonf? rdrw d @kd um;rSm vltyk t f wGi;f od@k t&Sed jf zifah rmif;ESi0f ifa&muf&efóud;pm;pOf 'dik ef mum;wpD;u rdrw d @kd .
um;tm; 0ifa&mufwu dk yf gonf? xdt k cg rdrwd @kd .um;u xdk 0ifwu kd o f nfu h m;udw k rd ;f a&SmifpOf vrf;eab;od@k
us+y;D toifah pmifah eonfv h tl yk . f a&S@o@kd a&muf&o dS mG ;ygonf? um;a&Smifwrd ;f onft h csed w f iG f rdrrd mS um;acgirf ;kd
ay:rS ckeq f if;vdu k yf gonf? rdrw d @kd .um; vrf;eab;rS vrf;ay:od@k twif;jyefvnfarmif;ESiw f ufonft h csed wf iG f
rdrv d nf; um;.aemufcef;udk ab;rSum&Hxm;onfw h ef;rsm;udk tm;jyKI aemufcef;twGi;f od@k jyef0ifa&muf
Edik cf yhJ gonf? xdo k @kd um;ay:od@k jyefwufEikd &f efóud;yrf;pOf ab;rSypfvu kd o f nf'h w k yf ikd ;f rdr. d ausmuke;f tm; xdreS f
cJyh gonf? armfawmfum;eab;wGicf snx f m;onfh rd;k umrsm;tm;cs+y;D armfawmfum;udk qufvufarmif;ESicf =hJ uyg
onf? um;ay:wGiyf g&o dS nfo h rl sm;onf vltyk =f um;twGi;f (2)rdepfcef@0ikd ;f I&du k Ef u S jf cif;udk cHc&hJ ygonf? um;
85
aemufcef;wGiyf gvmolrsm; =urf;jyifwiG f 0rf;vsm;arSmufae=uojzifh tay:qH;k rSvrl sm;om xdcu
kd rf &_ cdS yhJ gonf?
rdepftenf;i,farmif;ESi+f yD;aemuf 'Dy,
J if; aq;&Hok @kd a&muf&cdS yhJ gonf?
12? xdo k @kd toifah pmifq

h ikd ;f aeonfvh tl yk }f uD;rS t=urf;zufwu kd cf u kd rf r_ sm;udk rdrwd @kd trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pD
tzG@J csKyf/ tzG@J 0ifvil ,frsm;taejzifh vufwek @f jyefI &du k Ef u
S cf jhJ cif; rjyKcJyh g//a':atmifqef;pk=unfu rdrw d @kd vli,f
tzG@J 0ifrsm;tm; trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. wln0D wfpjkH zpfaom tust ô jzLESihf ucsiv f ckH sn0f wfqifxm;vsif
bmbJvyk v f yk f jyefvnfvufw@H k rjyef&bl;/ acgi;f iH@k c=H uyg[rk mS =um;xm;ygonf?
13? rdrwd @kd p;D vmonfh a'guw f mvSp;kd nGe;f .um; 'Dy, J if;aq;&Ho
k @kd a&mufonft h cgwiG f udpk ;kd (vufarmif;/
'l;/ajcaxmuf)/ udjk rifOh ;D (acgi;f uG)J / rH&k mG rSausmif;om;wpfa,muf(trnfrod)acgi;f uG/J &efuif;bke}f uD;ausmif;rS
t&Siyf nm'Dyu(acgi;f ESiw hf aH wmifu)JG / rH&k mG jrdK@rv
S udk yf gvmonft h rnfrod/ trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tzG@J 0if
(2)OD; (OD;acgi;f wGi'f %f&m&)/ tcsi;f jzpfae&mrSxu G af jy;vmonfh pdik jf yif&mG rSurkd if;atmifEiS hf rE aW v;taemuf
awmifrS (1)OD;wd@k jzpfygonf? rE aW v;taemufawmifòrd@e,fr(S 1)OD;rSm '%f&m rjyif;xefojzifh tjyifvel mtjzpf
ukoay;ygonf? useo f rl sm;tm;vH;k '%f&mjyif;xefojzift h wGi;f vlemtjzpf vufcu H ok ay;cJyh gonf? xdn k wGif
yif a'guw f mvSp;kd nGerf mS 'Dy, J if;aq;&Hrk S a&Smifwrd ;f oGm;cJyh gonf?
14? usaemfw@kd xdak q;&kw H iG f aq;ukor_c, H al epOf (2)&ufajrmufonhaf e@ arv (31)&ufae@ wGif ,mOf
xde;f &J(2)OD;a&muf&v dS m+yD; um;armif;ol OD;aomif;nGe@f tm;ac:aqmifomG ;ygonf?xd@k aemufpcef;r_K;ESihf &J(1)OD;
qdik u
f ,fjzifah &muf&v dS mygonf? xdo k @kd a&muf&vdS monft h csed w
f iG f òrd@e,faq;&Hk wm0efcq H &m0efxrH S twGi;f
vlemrsm;tjzpf vufcu H ok ay;olrsm;.trnfpm&if;udk vma&muf,o l mG ;ygonf? vlemrsm;udv k nf; trnf
pm&if;ESihf wdu k q
f ikd pf pfaq;+yD; vlemrsm;.ae&yfvyd pf mrsm;udk a&;rSwo f mG ;ygonf? udpk ;kd u vlempm&if;rsm;
aumuf,jl yD;onft h csed w f iG f usaemft h m; ‘rif;ygw,fqw kd mudk olw@kd rodb;l / 'd@k (8)a,mufuakd wmh pm&if;,l
oGm;+yD’ rif;ajy;+yD; wm0ef&o dS rl sm;udo k wif;ay;yd@k &ef ajymygonf? xdak e@nae (5)em&DccJG ef@wiG f pcef;r_;(1)OD;ESihf
&Jwyfom; (5)OD; um;jzifah q;&Ho k @kd jyefvnfa&muf&v dS mygonf? vlempm&if;wGiyf g&o dS nfoh t l m;vH;k udk zrf;qD;
ac:aqmifoGm;ygonf?
15? aq;&Hw k iG (f 2 )ntdy/f 2 &ufaecJ+h yD;/ 'Dy, J if;blwmod@k ZGev f (1)&ufae@ eHeuf (3)em&DwiG f aq;&Hrk S
rdwaf qGwOD;ESihf xGucf mG vmygonf? 'Dy, J if;blwmod@k ta&mufwiG f rdrEd iS hf tazmfvu kd yf gow
l @kd onf &xm;
vufrw S 0f ,f+yD; rH&k mG òrd@o@kd xGucf mG cJyh gonf? eHeuf(10)em&DwiG f rH&k mG udak &muf&&dS m rE aW v;ok@d qufomG ;&ef
vdik ;f um; vduk pf pkH rf;ygonf? um;vdik ;f rsm;udak rv (30)&ufae@rpS I (10)&uf=umcef@yw d x f m;+yD; rH&k mG òrd@wiG f
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a&S@ajy;vHjk cHKa&;taejzifh vdu k yf gaqmif&u G cf yhJ gonf? arv(2*)&ufae@nwGif rE aW v; tzG@J csKyfwikd ;f &H;k ok@d a&muf
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k ifxÉG Of ;D / udrk sKd ;edik /f OD;wifatmifatmifw@kd EiS fh awG@qyHk gonf? xdt k cgwiG f udw k ifxÉG Of ;D (v,fa0;jrdK@e,f
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,)f u usaemfEiS hf udEk ikd Ef ikd w f @kd tm; 'Dy, J if; c&D;pOfwiG f yg0ifun l &D efajymygonf? usaemfw@kd
tm; ¶d;k ¶d;k omreft0wfpm;rsm; 0wfqif+y;D / oD;oef@um;wpD;jzifh oGm;apvko d nf? xdu k m;ay:wGif tzG@J csKyf tzG@J 0if
rsm;udk rwifaqmifapvkyd g? tultnDawmif;onft h wGuf usaemfw@kd uvJ oabmwln+D yD; vdu k jf zpfomG ;jcif;
jzpfygonf?
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taESmift h ,Suf rawG@ &yg? a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd .,mOfwef; jrif;rlòrd@o@dk a&mufvmonft h cg jrif;rlòrd@e,f/
tzG@J csKyf vli,fz@JG pnf;a&; vkyaf qmifygonf? zG@J pnf;I+yD;cge;D wGif jrif;rlrS usaemfw@kd qufvufxu G cf mG cho
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jrif;rlòrd@rt S xGuf a&yd;k pm;aus;&GmwGif vltyk pf k wpfcu k dk awG@&onf? rSev f u kH m;tygt0if 'dik ef mum;(3) (4)pD;
cef@ &Sd+yD; apmifhaeonfhvltkyf}uD;u a':atmifqef;pk=unfwdk@.,mOfwef;tm; qENjy&ef jyifqifapmifhqdkif;
ae=uonf? usaemfw@kd um;tm;jrifonft h cg a':atmifqef;pk=unf.,mOfwef;[kxifI qENjy&ef jyifqif=u
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87
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wqpfcsKd ;auG@jzpfaewmrd@k owfuiG ;f vdjk zpfaew,f? 'Dvjkd rifawG@&wJt h ajctaeudk tzG@J csKyfum;awG a&mufrvm
cif b,fvt kd a=umif;rvJ ”pojzihw f ikd yf if pOf;pm;=uygonf?
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wokwt f jzpf a&mufvmygonf// usaemfw@kd u qdik u f ,frsm;tm; wm;vku d +f yD;/ a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd tm;
qef@usiq f ENjy&ef apmifq h idk af eaom vlrsm;tm; awG@&a=umif;/ vufxw J iG vf nf; qdik ;f bkwrf sm;ukid x f m;a=umif;/
vrf;ukv d nf; ydwx f m;a=umif; ajymjyvdu k yf gonf// ‚if;wd@k uvnf; usaemfw@kd EiS t fh wl xyfraH &mufvmrnho f rl sm;
ukd &yfapmifah e=uonf// usaemfu xyfraH &mufvmrnfo h tl a&twGuu f dk rk&H mG rS qdik u f ,fEiS ahf &mufvmolrsm;
udk ar;ygonf? ‚if;wd@k .aemufwiG f um;ESiq hf ikd u
f ,ftrsm;tjym; rH&k mG rSxu G v f m=uojzihf acwWapmifyh g[ak jym
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tm; rsm;vmojzihf tvsit f jrefomG ;=u&ef xyfraH &mufvmolrsm;udak jymjyonf? qdik u f ,f(100)eD;yg; armif;
xGuo f mG ;onf? wm;qD;r_ r&So d jzihf qENjyrnho f rl sm; apmifq h ikd ;f aeonfah e&mudk ausmjf zwfomG ;Ekid cf o Jh nf?
xdtk csed w f iG f qdik uf ,frsm; xyfraH &muf&v dS monft h wGuf usaemfp;D vmonhu f m;ay:rSqif;+yD; qdik u f ,fwpD;
ay:wGif acwWvu kd yf gomG ;onf? a&yd;k pm;ok@d a&mufonft h csed wf iG f a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS t fh wl vdu k yf gvm
aom ,mOfwef;ay:rSvrl sm;u urBmra=uoDcsi;f qdak e=uonf? qENjy&efapmifq h ikd ;f ae=uolrsm;bufrS atmf[pf
oHrsm;ukd r=um;&awmhyg//
5? usaemfvnf; um;qDo@dk qdik u f ,ftyk pf Ek iS t fh wl jyefvu dk v

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c&D;qufvufxu G cf mG cJyh gonf? xdt
k csed wf iG f rH&k mG rS vma&mufóudq=kd uonfh qdik u f ,frsm;/um;rsm; rsm;jym;vm
onft h wGuf ajz;ajz;omarmif;ESicf &Jh onf? rH&k mG òrd@t0if&Sd &Gmrsm;uvnf; a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd . ,mOf
wef;udk v_u d vf pJ mG óudq=kd uonf? rH&k mG ok@d (6)em&Dausmcf ef@wiG f a&muf&ydS gonf? óudae=uonfo h rl sm;udk tHrh cef;
awG@&ygonf? Edik if aH &;acgi;f aqmifrsm;tm; óudq=kd u&mwGif rH&k mG òrd@.óudqrdk t _ m; rnfonhaf e&ma'orS rDrnf
rxifyg? rH&k mG wòrd@v;kH rD;jzwfxm;onht f wGuf za,mif;wdik rf sm;xGe;f +yD; óudq=kd uonf? qdik u f ,fta&mif;qkid f
wckuvnf; qdik u f ,fr;D rsm; vrf;ay:ok@d x;dk ay;x;m;onf? a':atmifqef;pk=unfu rlv pD;eif;vdu k yf gvm
onfu h m;ay:rSqif;I tjcm; um;wpD;ay:od@k ajymif;IpD;+yD; rH&k mG òrd@vx l u k kd E_wqf ufonf? rH&k mG òrd@e,f tzJ@G csKyf
&H;k udk n(9)em&Dausmcf ef@wiG af &muf&+dS yD;/ òrd@e,ftzG@J csKyf&;Hk qdik ;f bkww f ifyu JG jkd yKvkyf ygonf? rH&k mG òrd@cv
H xl uk vkd nf;
a':atmifqef;pk=unfu rde@f ceG ;f ajymygonf? xdn k wGiyf if rH&k mG òrd@e,f tzG@J csKyf vli,fz@JG pnf;a&;udk jyKvkyyf gonf?
usaemfw@kd u bke;f }uD;ausmif;wGif oGm;a&mufwnf;ckyd gonf?
6? arv(30)&ufae@eeH ufwiG f usaemfw@kd rH&k mG rSxu G vf mygonf? a':atmifqef;pk=unfu aZmwdu

ausmif; q&mawmftm; 0ifa&mufz;l ajrmfygonf? OuUaH wm&ausmif;udk xyfr0H ifa&muf&eftpDpOf&adS omfvnf;
r0ifjzpfawmhyg? rH&k mG òrd@e,f tzG@J csKyf tzG@J 0ifvil ,ftrsKd ;orD;rsm;u OuUaH wm&bke;f }uD;ausmif;txd usaemfw@kd
um;ESithf wl vdu k yf gvmcJo h nf? OuUaH wm& bke;f }uD;ausmif;ok@d r0ifbJ awmufav#mufarmif;vmonft h wGuf
vli,ftrsKd ;orD;rsm; bkwvifòrd@txdygvmonf? rGe;f vG(J 2)em&Dcef@wiG f bkwvifo@dk a&mufygonf? bkwvifo@dk
a&mufonft h cg tzG@J csKyfvil ,fz@JG pnf;a&;udk vkyyf gonf/ nae(4)em&Dcef@wiG f vli,fz@JG pnf;a&;+yD;qk;H ygonf?
udak usmaf tmif (taemufajrmufòrd@e,ftwGi;f a&;rª;)u qdik u f ,fjzifh a&S@róS udwifomG ;ESio
hf jzihf ‚if;ESiv
hf udk o
f mG ;
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k ifxÉG Of ;D u usaemfw@kd tm;ajymygonf/ xd@k a=umif(h 4)em&D0ef;usicf ef@wiG f usaemfw@kd bkwvifrS pwif
88
xGuv f mcJyh gonf? pdik jf yif}uD;od@k a&mufonft h cg a'ocHvx l u

k v_u d v
f pJS mG óudq&kd ef jyifq
f ifae=uonf/ a&S@vrf;
c&D;tajctaeudk ar;jref;aomtcgwGif vrf;a=umif;&Sif;onf[kajymonfhtwGuf usaemfwdk@ qufvufI
xGucf yhJ gonf? vrf;c&D;wavsmufwiG f wzufrv S monhcf &D;onfwifum;rsm; rawG@&jcif;rSm xl;jcm;aea=umif;
usaemfu udEk ikd Ef ikd t f m;ajymygonf? qufxu G vf monft h cg a&yd;k pm;&GmwGiaf wG@c&hJ aom qENjyaESmif, h u S rf nfh
vltyk u f oJh @dk vltyk w
f tkyu f kd awG@&ygonf// xkv d t l yk rf mS a&yd;k pm;wGif awG@c&hJ aomvltyk x f uf vlta&twGuf
ydrk rdk sm;jym;onf// tcsKd @u qdik ;f bkwrf sm;udik af qmifxm;onf? ‚if;wk@d tm; ausmv f eG v
f m+yD;aemuf pdu
k yf sKd ;a&;0if;
(aemifwiG f qnfajrmif;0if; [k od&onfh ae&m)ok@d usaemfw@kd um; a&mufvmygonf?
7? xdak e&mwGif oHq;l óud;wef; (9)ck csxm;onf? wwef;vsif (3)ckEe_ ;f jzihf (3)wef; csxm;+yD; vrf;ukyd w d q f @kd
xm;onf? xdo k @kd ydwq f @kd xm;ojzihf um;udk t&Sed af v#mv h ukd &f onf? xkt d cg oHq;l óud;wef;rsm;.aemufwiG f
wkw/f 'dik ;f rsm;udik af qmifxm;aom &Jwyfz@GJ 0iftiftm;(30)cef@ukd awG@&onf? tust ô jzL0wfxm;onfh vl
wa,muf a&mufvm+yD; “b,fomG ;rvd@k v”J [kar;ygonf? usaemfw@kd uvnf; a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS t fh wl
vmjcif;jzpfa=umif; &Si;f jyonf? xdt k cg ‚if;u ppfabmif;bDEiS fh pGyu f s,t f us0ô wfxm;aom touf (50)cef@
t&G,&f o dS w
l OD;xH oGm;I “ Adv k rf ;ª / 'g a':atmifqef;pk=unfe@J ygvmwJu h m;” [k owif;yd@k ygonf? xdo k u l
“at; txJxnfhvdkuf” [k jyefajymygonf? xkd Akdvfrª;qkdolrSm tenf;i,f0òzd;+yD;/ pGyfus,ftusô0wfqif
xm;ojzihf &mxl;trSwt f om;ESiw hf q H yd u f kd rjrifawG@&yg?
usaemfw@kd . nmzufab;wGif yvyfpwpfcrkH sm;ay:wGif xdik af eonfh oHCmawmfrsm;udk vSr;f jrif&onf?
Adv
k rf ;ª [k tac:cH&olu oHCmawmfrsm;xHomG ;I “a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd um;vm&if vrf;zGiahf y;rSm ygb&k m;/
tck 'DrmS apmifah ewJv h pl uk rauseyfa=umif; atmf=urSmyg” [kqo dk nf? usaemfw@kd urkd l wkwu f idk af qmifxm;
aom &Jwyfz@GJ 0ifrsm;u 0if;xJo@dk 0if&ef ckid ;f ygonf? um;armif;ol udEk ikd Ef ikd u f um;acgi;f udk 0if;jyifbufo@dk
acgi;f wnfvu kd &f m ‚if;wd@k u ¶du k Ef u S rf nf[ h efjyifygonf// um;udk aemufqw k If taqmufO;D &So d nf0h if;xJo@kd
um;udk armif;0ifvu kd yf gonf? um;&yfonfEiS hf wkwu f ikd af qmifxm;onfh &Jwyfz@GJ 0ifrsm;ajy;vm+yD; um;ud0k ikd ;f
vduk o f jzihf usaemfw@kd vnf; um;atmufo@dk qif;&ef r0h&H aJ wmhyg? xd@k aemuf &Jwyfz@GJ 0ifrsm;u qif;&ef trde@f ay;
onht f cgrS um;ay:rSqif;vdu k o f nf// cE<muk, d w f iG f &SmazG&ef vufudk tay:ok@d ajr‡mufcikd ;f ygonf? xk@d aemuf
usaemfw@kd .a&S@wiG f um;ud&k mS azG+yD; 0if;taemufzufwiG &f adS om taqmuftOD;teD;ok@d ac:aqmifomG ;onf?
taqmufOD;teD;wGif c&D;oGm;trsdK;orD;tcsdK@xdkifaeonf? xdktaqmufOD;a&S@jrufcif;jyifwGif ykcHk;wGif
=u,fEpS yf iG whf yfxm;aom &Jt&m&dw S OD;udk jrifawG@&onf? ‚if;onf 'Dy, J if; &Jpcefr;ª [k aemufyidk ;f wGif jyefvnf
od&onf? usaemfw@kd . ae&yfvyd pf mrsm;udk,+l yD; pD;vmonfu h m;eHygwu f vkd nf; rSwo f m;xm;ygonf// xk@d aemuf
taqmuftOD;twGi;f &Sd tcef;xJo@kd xnfv h ukd &f m tcef;xJwiG f 'Dy, J if;òrd@e,f v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,jf zpfol
OD;bdak rmif/ uomòrd@e,f v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f OD;jrif=u h nf/ tif;awmfòrd@e,f v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f OD;apm
vdi_ f pojzihf (6)OD;(7)OD;cef@uadk wG@&onf? tm;vH;k ukd vufxyd cf wfxm;onf? usaemfw@kd tm;csKyfaESmifxm;
onfh tcef;ab;wGif t&yfom;c&D;onfrsm;udk csKyfaESmifxm;onf[k od&&dS onf/
8? c%t=umwGif 0if;xJo@dk qdik u f ,farmif;0ifvmaom udak usmaf tmiftm;awG@&onf? udak usmaf tmif
tm; csucf si;f óud;jzifch snyf gonf? wqufwnf;wGiyf if usaemfw@kd tm;vnf; wG+J yD;csnyf gonf? udak usmaf tmif
a&mufvmrS ,cifu zrf;xm;olrsm;ESihf pwif pum;ajymjzpfygonf// arSmif&yD sK;d pwGif usaemfw@kd ukd tcef;av;
twGi;f rSxw
k I f 'dik ef mum;ay:od@k ajymif;+yD;wifygonf// (7) em&D0ef;usicf ef@jzpfonf? usaemfw@kd tm; wifaqmif
xm;onhf 'dik ef mum;ab;wGif &Jwyfz@GJ 0ifrsm;u ae&m,lapmifq h idk ;f aeygonf?
89
9? n(8)em&D0ef;usifcef@wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unfwdk@.,mOfwef;rS rD;a&mifrsm;udk pwifjrif&onf?

usaemfw@kd 0ifvmonfh 0ifaygu. f vrf;rbufo@dk um;rD;rsm;xd;k xm;onf? vrf;ray:ok@d opfyifrsm;ay:rSvnf;
qvdu k rf ;D rsm; xd;k ay;xm;onfuv kd nf; jrifawG@&onf? 0if;twGi;f &Sd 'dik ef mum;rsm;unf; um;vrf;ay:od@k rD;
rsm; xd;k xm;onf? qlnaH om vlorH sm;udv k nf; =um;ae&onf? xdt k csed w f iG af ':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd . ,mOf
wef; a&muf&v dS monf? usaemfw@kd uzkd rf;qD;xm;onfah e&mrS ay(300)cef@ uGma0;rnf[x k ifygonf? rnfonfh
twm;tqD;rS r&Sb d J uGi;f jyifuohJ @kd jzpfaeonft h wGuf tm;vH;k udk &Si;f &Si;f vif;vif; vSr;f jrifae&ygonf?
10? a':atmifqef;pk=unf.um;u a&S@q;kH rSjzpfrnf[k xifygonf/ tb,fa=umifq h akd omf xku

d m;rSm
zd;k 0D;vf (4WD) jzpfonft h wGuf um;a&S@r;D a&mifu tjcm;um;rD;a&mifrsm;xuf jrifyh gonf/ “um;awmha&muf
vm+yD/ bma=umih&f yfaeovJ rodb;l ” [k tzrf;cHxm;&oltcsi;f csi;f wD;wk;d ajymjzpf=uonf? jy\emjzpf
aoma=umihf n‡Ed id_ ;f ae=uonf[k tcsK@d u,lq=uonf? wcsed w f nf;rSmyif vrf;ab;0J,mwGif apmifq h ikd ;f aeol
bufrsm;xHrS trde@f ay;aeonft h oHrsm;udk =um;&onf? “vrf;ay: rwufe@J / vrf;ay:u qif;=uyg” pojzihf
trdef@ay;oHrsm;vnf; =um;&onf? apmifhqkdif;aeolrsm; v_yfv_yf&G&GjzpfoHrsm;=um;&onf? atmf[pfoHrsm;
ukrd l r=um;&ao;yg? a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd um; &yfwef@aeonfrmS (15)rdepfcef@=umrnf xifygonf? xdt k csed f
wGif armfawmfum;rD;vH;k tenf;i,fa&G@vmonft h wGuf um;xGuv f m+yD[k rdrw
d @kd tcsi;f csi;f ajymaepOf [pf
atmforH sm;=um;&+yD;/ “xk xk xk/ ypf/ owf owf” qdkonfh toHrsm;udk pwif=um;&onf?
11? a':atmifqef;pk=unfp;D vmonfu h m;u a&S@q;kH rS t&Sed jf yif;jyif;jzihf armif;vmonfukd jrifawG@ &onf?
usaemfw@kd EiS hf rsuEf mS csi;f qdik wf iG &f adS eonfh 0ifayguv f rf;ray:rS oHq;l óud;tqD;twm;rsm;udk wdu k cf u
kd rf o
d nhf
toHrsm;udv k nf; wqufwnf; =um;&ygonf? xdt k csed w
f iG f aoewfoH (10)csucf ef@ =um;&ygonf?
xduk o hJ @kd jzpfaecsed w
f iG f OD;bdak rmifEiS &hf if;ES;D onfh 'Dy,J if;òr@d e,f &Jpcef;rª; OD;pde0f if;qdo
k l usaemfw@kd um;teD;ok@d
a':atmifqef;pk-unf vkdufygvmaomum;ukdarmif;ol ukdausmfpkd;vif; t&Sdefjyif;jyif;ESifh armif;xGufpOf

tm%mykdifwkdŒ ydwfqkdŒxm;aom oHql;óud; (3)xyfukd ykH-urf;jzifh azmfjycsuf
90
a&mufvm+yD; “uJ OD;bdak rmif/ cifAsm;jrifwhJ =um;wJt h wdik ;f yJaemf/ cifAsm;wd@k trsm;}uD; uHaumif;ygw,f/ uHoD
ygw,f” [k ajymygonf? wqufwnf;rSmyif usaemfw@kd um;.teD;Y pum;ajympufEiS hf qufo, G af jymqko
d H
rsm;udv
k nf; =um;&ygonf? “a'0wifvS &xm;+yD? a'0pH&mS ; vGwo f mG ;w,f” xkt d oHrsm;ukd ¶kww f &uf em;
rvnfyg? “a'0wifvq S w kd m OD;wifO;D udak jymwm/ OD;wifO;D udk zrf;xm;w,f? a'0pH&mS ;qdw k m a':atmifqef;
pk=unfuakd jymwm a':atmifqef;pk=unf vGwo f mG ;+yD” [k udEk ikd Ef ikd u
f aemufyikd ;f wGif &Si;f jyonf?
12? ra&S;raESmif;wGif 0if;xJo@kd zrf;qD;ac:aqmifvmaomvlrsm;udk jrifawG@&onf? nnf;nLoHrsm;ud=k um;

&+yD; r=umrD ‚if;wd@k um;. aemufr;D zGiv hf u
kd o
f nft
h cg usaemf.rdwaf qGjzpfol OD;atmifp;kd .orD;/ tjcm; trsK;d
orD;i,frsm;/ '%f&m&onfo h rl sm;udk jrifawG@&onf? atmifo0l if;.acgi;f wGif aoG;rsm;&$eJ pfae+yD;/ '%f&m}uD;
us,yf gonf? usaemfw@kd vnf; '%f&m &vmolrsm;ukd wwfEidk o f a&G@ jyKpkay;ygonf? &moDOwktvGeyf o l jzihf
,yfcwfay;&onf// xd@k aemuf rH&k mG rS bkwviftxdygvmonfh rH&k mG atmif&iS . f orD;jzpfol usaemfw@kd .um;
ay:udak &mufvmonf? “&ufpufw,f/ acgi;f awGuykd g ¶du k w
f m” [kajymqdu k m pdwaf csmufcsm;+yD; wkevf y_ af e
onf// acgi;f wGif jyif;jyif;xefxef '%f&m r&aomfvnf; cg;wGi¶f u kd cf &H onfh '%f&memusiI f nnf;nLae=u
onf?
13? rd;k vif;umeD;cef@wiG f usaemfw@kd um;ay:rS '%f&m&xm;olrsm;udk aq;¶Hyk @kd rnfqu kd m usaemfw@dk .ab;
wGi&f aSd omum;ay:o@kd ajymif;a&$@vu dk of nf? xku d m;onf eHeufvif;tm;}uD;tcsed cf ef@wiG f usn&f mG teD;&Sd qnf
ajrmif;0if;twGi;f rS xGuo f mG ;onf?
usaemfw@kd ukd wifaqmifxm;onfu h m;onf eHeuf(6) em&Dcef@wiG f qnfajrmif;0if;xJrS xGuv f mygonf?
um;ay:wGif OD;Zif; OD;aZmwdu/ OD;apmvdi_ /f OD;bdak rmif/ udak usmaf tmif/ OD;jrif=h unf/ aZmfxeG ;f / aZmfjrif/h udEk ikd Ef ikd /f
rsKd ;rif;/ usaemf/ udpk ed v
f i_d /f oef;xGe;f OD;/ rH&k mG atmif&iS .
f orD;jzpfot l jyif wd;k wd;k 0if; qdo
k nfh rH&k mG òrd@rS trsKd ;orD;
wOD;ESihf oufxeG ;f OD;qdak om ausmif;om;av;wd@k vu kd yf gvmygonf? emrnftm;vk;H udk rrSwrf ad wmhyg// usaemfw@kd
tm;wifaqmifvmonhu f m; 0if;aygut f xGuYf vltjynfh wifaqmifxm;onfh 'dik ef mum;rsm; tpD;(50)cef@udk
awG@&ygonf? udak usmaf tmifu vSr;f =unfo h nft
h cg xdu k m;ay:rSvw l OD; u “rif;wd@k 'Davmuf vufoaH jymif
wm rrSwaf o;bl;vm;/ bm=unfw h mvJu/G aooGm;csiv f @kd vm;”[k vSr;f ajymoHu=kd um;&ygonf? tvkyu f pd rP sm;
+yD;qk;H I jyef&efjyifqifaeonfyh pkH u H kd jrifawG@&ygonf?
14? usaemfw@kd ukd a&OD;rSjzwfI a&$bakd xmifo@kd yd@k vukd yf gonf? a&$badk xmifukd usaemfw@kd tapmqH;k a&muf
&Sjd cif;jzpfonf? usaemfw@kd um;wGif trsKd ;orD;(2)OD; ygvmonf? rk&H mG atmif&iS . f orD;ESihf wd;k wd;k 0if; wd@k jzpfygonf?
a&$bakd xmifA;l 0wGif tjcm;um;ay:rS +zdK;jrjrpd;k ESihf trnfrodtrsKd ;orD;wOD;udk usaemfawG@&ygonf? zrf;qD;
xde;f odr;f cH&olrsm;wGif rH&k mG òrd@rS ydrk sm;ygonf? um;ay:rS ygvmoltukev f ;kH ukd a&$bakd xmif atmufxyfrS tcef;
xJwiG f xm;vdu k o
f nf? omref tcsKyfom;rsm;udk wcef;vsi(f 70)/(80)cef@px D m;onf[k ajymygonf? ae@vnf
ydik ;f wGif usaemfw@kd tm;vH;k tay:xyfo@kd ajymif;&onf? tay:xyfwiG v f nf; tjcm; tusO;f om;rsm;ESihf a&mxm;
ygonf? ZGev f (1)&ufae@ ae@vnfyikd ;f wGif nDnaD tmif tygt0if tjcm;vli,frsm;udk awG@&jyD; udw k ifxÉG Of ;D udrk l
rawG@&ao;yg?
15? (10)&ufcef@t=umwGif tr&yl&òrd@e,f OuUX OD;vSjrif/h taemufajrmufòrd@e,f (atmifajromZHòrd@e,f)

rS udo
k ed ;f atmifav; polw@dk a&mufvmonf? udok ed ;f atmifav;.OD;acgi;f wGif jyif;xefaom'%f&m (3)ck awG@
&onf? wae&mwGi(f 6)csuEf iS hf tjcm;wae&mwGi(f 4)csuf csKyfxm;onf? ezl;rS'%f&mrSm csKyfrxm;onfh twGuf
91
tuGv J u kd jf zpfaeonf? erc aq;wyfq, G rf S a&muf&v Sd mjcif;jzpfonf? yxrwGif ‚if;wd@k u erc aq;±krH S v$waf y;
vdu
k +f y[D k xifae=uonf? aq;¶krH S um;ay:od@k ajymif;a&$@wifonft h csed w
f iG f omreft&yfom;rsm;omyg&Sdonf?
aq;¶kt H jyifbufo@kd a&mufonft h csed w f iG f t&yfom;rsm;u um;ay:rSqif;+yD;aemuf &Jwyfz@GJ 0ifrsm;wufvm+yD;
usaemfw@kd &adS eonfah &$bakd xmifo@dk yd@k vu kd jf cif;jzpfa=umif; jyefajymjyonf?
16? ZGev f (2)&ufae@wiG f a':atmifqef;pk=unf.um;ESihf twlygomG ;onfh vli,frsm;jzpfaom udx k eG ;f aZmf

aZmf/ um;armif;ol udak usmpf ;kd vif;/ udx k eG ;f jrif/h oufxeG ;f / udrk if;vGi/f udak wZEdik f ponfv h il ,frsm; a&$bkd
axmifo@kd a&muf&v dS monf? udw k ifxÉG Of ;D wd@k EiS hf jyefvnfawG@qo kH nft
h cgwiG f a':atmifqef;pk=unf. tajc
taeudk ar;=unfyh gonf? a':atmifqef;pk=unf pD;eif;vdu k yf gvmonfu h m; a&S@reS f ruGaJ omfvnf; ab;rSerf sm;
uGo
J mG ;+yD; um;twGi;f ok@d wkwEf pS af csmif;a&mufvma=umif;/ a':atmifqef;pk=unf.vnfyif;wGif rSepf rsm;
xd&oS nft h wGuf '%f&mtenf;i,f &&So d mG ;onf[k usaemfw@kd tm; jyefvnfajymjyonf?
17? ZGevf (1)&ufae@wiG f wyfrawmfaxmufvrS ;f a&;u usaemfw@dk tm; ppfa=uma&; pwifjyKvkyo f nf?
wm0ef,pl pfaq;olrmS Adv k }f uD;vif;aZmfujH zpf+yD; usaemfw@kd . ud, k af &;&mZ0ifEiS hf ,ck ta&;tcif;wGif yg0if
ywfoufonft h csurf sm;udk ar;ygonf? ZGev f (8)&ufae@ aemufyikd ;f usaemfw@kd tm; jyefvnfvw $ af y;cge;D ok;H /
av;/ ig;&uf tvdw k iG f &efuek rf v
S w$ o
f nf[q k +kd yD; vlwOD;a&mufvmonf? ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;[k rajymyg?
“cifAsm;wd@k ta,muf(50)vGwaf jrmufa&;twGuf vm+yD;vkyaf y;&wm” [k ‚if;u qko d nf? xdo k ul usnf
&GmteD;wGif jzpfysucf o
hJ nft h a=umif;t&mrsm;udk b,fo@l urkd # rajym&ef/ rdom;pk0ifrsm;ukyd if rajym&ef wm;
jrpfonf? usaemfw@kd uv kd nf; a&$bakd xmifwiG af ecJ&h jcif;ESiyfh wfoufI rajym&ef xyfrw H m;jrpfonf// “ywf0ef;
usiuf ar;&if c&D;oGm;w,fv@kd om jyefajymyg”[kqo dk nf? a&$bakd xmifwiG f zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;csed w
f iG f touf
(14)ESpt
f &G,f oufxeG ;f OD; qdo k nfh rH&k mG rS ausmif;om;wOD;/ ud&k if(5)yg;ESihf OD;yÍif;(3)yg; tygt0if pkpak ygi;f
(120)eD;yg;cef@&o
dS nf? zrf;qD;cHxm;&onfh ud&k ifEiS hf OD;yÍif;rsm;udk axmift0wftpm;rsm;xkwaf y;I vl0wfvJ
aponf?
18? ZGev f (9)&ufae@wiG f rk&H mG òrd@ txufwef;ausmif;om;rsm;/ wuUov kd af usmif;om;rsm;tygt0if (25)

a,mufudk vGwaf y;onf? ZGev f (12)&ufae@wiG f usaemfw@kd (21)a,mufuv kd w$ af y;onf? trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pD
tzG@J csKyf tzJ@G 0ifrsm; r[kwo f nft h wGuf v$waf y;vdu
k jf cif;jzpfonf// xdo
k @kd v$waf y;onft h cgwiG f wa,mufv#if
pm&Gufw&GufuspD ay;ygonf? edkifiHawmf.txl;vsKd@0SufcsufjzpfonfhtwGuf xdkudpPudk rayguf=um;ap&ef/
aygu=f um;ygu xyfrt H a&;,ljcif;cH&rnf pojzifh tusO;f csKyfyg&o dS nf? usaemfw@kd u wm0ef,v l ukd ef mrnfjzpf
a=umif; ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f axmufvrS ;f a&; wyf&if;(20)wyf&if;rª;.a&S@wiG f tqifoifh vufEydS pf uf±u dk af y;xm;onfh
xkpd m&Guu f kd vufrw S af &;xd;k ay;cJ&h onf?
19? a&$bdkaxmifAl;0wGif txufvl}uD;rsm;u pmemaxmufxm;+yD; ,ckuJhodk@ vGwfay;vdkufjcif; jzpf

a=umif;/ rnfonht f jypfr# r&do S nft h wGuf v$waf y;vku d jf cif;jzpfa=umif;ajymjyonf? ,ckuo hJ @kd zrf;qD;cH&onfh
udpu P kd jyefvnfajym=um;ygu jyifyowif;Xmersm;. tok;H csjcif;ukd cH&vdrrhf nf[ak jymonf? xd@k aemuf a'guf
wm vSp;kd !Ge@f pD;vmonfu h m;ukad rmif;ESio f l OD;aomif;!Ge@/f h a':0if;jrjr pD;eif;vdu
k yf gvmonfuh m;udak rmif;ol
OD;pde&f /D udrk sKd ;rif;/ udEk ikd Ef ikd Ef iS hf usaemfw@dk (5) OD;tm; acsmqGv J monfh c&D;onfwif'ikd ef mum;ESifh vdu k yf @kd onf?
20? um;a&S@cef;wGif axmufvrS ;f a&;rS Adv

k }f uD;vif;aZmfuEH iS w
hf OD;/ vufeuftjynft
h pHk udik af qmifxm;
92
&efukef&Sd tar&duefoH±kH;wm0ef&SdolwkdŒ vkyf}uHr+jzpfyGm;&mae&mukd oGm;a&muf±kduful;xm;onfh "gwfykH
onfh &Jwyfz@JG 0if(6) OD; (7)OD;cef@vu kd yf gvm+y;D ppfuikd ;f òr@d axmufvrS ;f a&;wyfq, G &f ;Hk ok@d a&mufvmonf? xdak e&m
wGif acwWxm;+yD; axmufvrS ;f a&;trSw(f 1)od@k ta=umif;=um;onf? usaemfw@kd tm; axmufvrS ;f a&;trSwf
(1)rS Advk }f uD; tqif&h o dS El iS hf tjcm;(4)OD;xHo@dk vGaJ jymif;ay; vdu k o
f nf? emrnfrsm;udk usaemf rodyg?
usaemfw@kd tm; zd;k 0D;vfum;jzihf axmufvrS ;f a&;(1)ok@d ac:oGm;onf? axmufvrS ;f a&;(1)wGif ud, k af &;&mZ
0if xyfraH &;&onf? xd@k aemuf ,ckjzpfco hJ nfrsm;ukd rnfo@l urkd #rS rajymygqo kd nfh pum;&yfrsm;yg0ifaom
pm&Guw f iG f vufrw S x
f ;kd &onf? xd@k aemuf "gwyf &Hk u dk +f yD; r,u OuUXESi/hf &,u OuUXtm;ac:,l+yD; usaemfw@kd ukd
taemufajrmufòrd@e,f e,fajrcHaxmufvrS ;f a&;xHo@kd v$aJ jymif;vku d o
f nf? ‚if;wk@d EiS t hf wl tdrt f a&muf jyef
vnfvu kd yf @kd ygonf? naeykid ;f tdro f @dk a&mufonft h cg tdrw f iG f &,u/ r,uOuUrsm;ESit hf wl "gwyf (Hk 2)yH&k u
kd &f
onf? rdom;pkEiS hf wG&J u kd &f jcif;jzpfonf? xkid af eaom usaemfEiS hf usaemf. h tpfraemufwiG f ‚if;wk@d rwfwyf&yf
aeonhyf u Hk dk &duk jf cif;jzpfonf? aetdro f @dk aumif;rGepf mG jyefy@kd a=umif; taxmuftxm;tjzpfrw S w f rf;,l+yD;/
usaemht f rjzpfou l tkyx f ed ;f oltjzpf xko d @dk jyefy@kd jcif;ukd od&ySd ga=umif; vufrw S xf ;kd ay;&onf? usaemfw@kd (2)zG@J
aygi;f (46)a,muf vGwv f mjcif;jzpfonft h wGuf a&$bakd xmifwiG f pkpak ygi;f (60-70)cef@ qufvufxed ;f odr;f cH
xm;&qJjzpfonf? udak usmaf tmif/ ud0k if;cdik Ef iS hf udo k ed ;f atmifav;wd@k jyefvnfvw G af jrmufvmyg+yD[k od&&dS yg
onf?
txufyg trSwpf Of (1) rS (20) txdyg&o dS nft h a=umif;t&mrsm; onf rdru d ,kd w
f ikd af wG@/ ud,
k w
f ikd jf rif/
ud, k w f ikd o
f o
d nfh ta=umif;t&mrsm;jzpf+yD; ,ckuo hJ @kd xwk af z:ajym=um;&ef rnforl # rw&m; =oZmv$r;f rd;k jcif;/
+cdr;f ajcmufjcif;/ aoG;aqmifjzm;a,mif;jcif;/ vdrvf nfvn S jhf zm;jcif; r&Sb
d J rdr.
d vGwvf yfonfo h abmqENt&
udkatmifatmif?
2003 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (28)&uf (wevFmae@)?
93
vlŒabmifopf'Drdku&ufwpfygwDrS
udkEkdifEkdif (c) udkoed f;Edkif. uwdopPmjyKxGufqkdcsuf
trnf udEk ikd Ef ikd f (c) udo

k ed ;f Edik f
arG;ouU&mZf 16 - 5 - 1969
rdbtrnf OD;cifukd - a':oef;/
ynmt&nftcsi;f 0dZm… bG@J (yx0D)/
tvkyftudkif ta&mif;t0,f/
ae&yfvyd pf m atmifajromZHòrd@e,f/ rE aW v;òrd@?
usaemfuEkd ikd Ef ikd f (c) udok ed ;f Edik o

f nf arv(30)&ufae@wiG jf zpfymG ;cJo
h nfh 'Dy,
J if;vky=f uHr}_ uD;ESiyhf wfoufI
uwdopPmjyKxGuq f v kd o
dk nfrmS ² ² ²
1? usaemf udEk ikd Ef ikd f (Edik if o H m;rSwyf w Hk ifeyH gw/f 9§rer(Edik )f -051359)onf zcifjzpfol OD;cifuEkd iS /hf rdcif
jzpfol a':oef;wd@k rS 16 - 5 - 1969 ae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJyh gonf? rE aW v;wuUov kd rf S yx0Dbmomt"duESihf
bG@J &&S+d yD;/ ta&mif;t0,fv f yk if ef;ESihf toufarG;0rf;ausmif;jyKI/ rE aW v;wkid ;f / atmifajromZHòrd@e,fwiG f aexdik f
ygonf? &Spaf v;vk;H vlxt k ºHk uGrw _ iG f ausmif;om;xkEiS t hf wl ausmif;om;or*~wiG /f xdu k o
f ifo h nfah e&mrS yg0if
v_y&f mS ;+yD;/ 1989-ckEpS /f vl@abmifopf'rD u kd &ufwpfygwaD y:ayguo f nfah emufwiG /f ygw0D ifwOD;jzpfvmum/
ausmif;om;a&;&maumfrwDEiS hf vli,fa&;&maumfrwDwiG /f aumfrwD0ifwOD;taejzifh 0ifa&mufwm0efxrf;
aqmifcyhJ gonf? vl@abmifopf'rD u kd &wfwpfygwzD suo f rd ;f cH&+yD;aemuf/ w&m;0if &yfwnfonfEh ikd if aH &;ygwt D ae
jzifh trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyfwckwnf;om useo f nft h wGu/f trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyf. vdt k yfcsurf sm;
ud/k ,cifuwnf; uvufwv JG yk u f ikd cf =hJ uonfh oli,fcsi;f rsm;ESit hf wl qufvufvy_ &f mS ;+yD;/ t+rJwrf; wwfEikd f
or# wm0ef,yl yHh ;kd ulncD yhJ gonf?
2? arv(26)&ufae@ a':atmifqef;pk=unf. rwW&mc&D;pOfrS pwifI/ usaemfEiS u hf akd tmifatmif/ qdik f
u,fjzifh a&S@ajy;vHjk cHKa&;tjzpf vdu k yf gun l cD &hJ ygonf? a':atmifqef;pk=unf.um;teD;rS ,SOo f mG ;onft h cg/
“om;/ tJ'rD mS qdik u f ,fawGudk [Ge;f awG rwD;zd@k / om;u ajymOD;”/ “rD;awGvnf; rxGe;f apeJ@”/ “om;/
pnf;urf; &d&S r,faemf”[kajymonft h cg usaemfu“[kwu f tJh efwD &w,f”[k jyefvnfajymqd+k yD;/ vufvrS ;f rD
or#ukd vdu k v
f aH jymchyJ gonf? usaemfw@kd tzJ@G 0ifrsm;tm;vk;H ESihf óudq=kd uonfv h rl sm;tm;vk;H u rD;vnf; rxd;k /
[Ge;f vnf; rwD;=uyg? xdo k @kd c&D;qufvm=upOf a':atmifqef;pk=unf. vkòH cHa&;twGuf vdu k yf gvmonfh
tzJ@G csKyf tzJ@G 0if vli,f(11)OD;u =umeDuaH us;&GmteD;wGif urBmra=uoDcsi;f udk pwifoq D ykd gonf? ykord af v;
rS rE aW v;c&D;wavsmuf/ urBmra=uoDcsi;f udk oDqv kd m=u+yD;/ rE aW v;jrdK@/ td;k bdak xmif.ta&S@bufrjS zwf+yD;
94
jyefvm=uygonf? td;k bdak xmifa&SŒod@k a&mufonft h cg óudq&kd efvmonfh tzJ@G wiG f yg0iforl sm;tm;vk;H u/ urBm
ra=u oDcsi;f ESihf axmifwiG ;f &dS edik if aH &;tusO;f om;rsm;udk tm;ay;onft h aejzif/h oH+ydKif[pfaºuG;oDq=kd u+yD;
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[k ajymygonf? udw k ifxÉG Of ;D uvnf; usaemft h m; tultnDawmif;ygonf? wqufwnf;rSmyif a':atmif
qef;pk=unfu “tefww D @kd csrw
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vnf; cH&rnf/ owfvsiv f nf; ao&rnfqo kd nfrh l tzJ@G csKyfwiG &f o
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onft h wGuf ,ckwcg usaemfw@kd vu kd rf nf[k a':pkukd jyefvnfajymvdu k yf gonf? a':atmifqef;pk=unf. ,mOf
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95
a=umif;/ aemuf wem&Dqv kd #if a':atmifqef;pk=unfa&mufvmrnf[k ajym+yD; jrif;rlòrd@o@dk qufvufxu G cf mG

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vduk yf gvmonfukd awG@&ygonf? a':pktm;qef@usiq f ENjyrnfo h rl sm;u 'dik ef mum;ay:wGif avmfpyDumrsm;
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S af e=uygonf? jrif;rlòrd@e,f&;kH twGi;f od@k
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armif;&ygonf? xdo k @kd armif;oGm;onft h cg acsmif;OD;rS vma&muf óudq=kd uonfh armfawmfqikd u f ,ftpD; (40)
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udv k nf; ud, k w f ikd v
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9? aemufwae@eeH ufwiG f aZmwduausmif;wdu k o

f @dk oGm;rnf/ ukEd ikd f a&S@uoGm;ESi@f / vltyk t f wGi;f ydwrf d
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oGm;rnf@tcsed w f iG f rH&k mG òrd@e,f tzG@J csKk yftzG@0J iftcsKd @ usaemfw@kd um;ay:wufvmygonf? q&mawmf r&do S nfh
twGuf OuUaH wm&ausmif;ok@d r0ifjzpfawmhb/J òrd@ywfvrf;twdik ;f bkwvifo@dk c&D;qufxu G v f mcJ=h uonf?
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um;u vkHòcHHa&;tjzpf qufvufwm0ef,lchJygonf? bkwvifa&mufonftxd jynfolrsm; óudqdk=uonfh
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òrd@txGuu f kd vSnyhf wfavhvmygonf? xd@k a=umifh bkwvifòrd@o@dk a&mufonft h cgwiG v f nf; vmcho J nfv h rf;ESihf
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f eD;wGi/f um;
twGuf "gwq f xD nhaf epOf um;(16)pD;cef@EiS t hf wl vufarmif;wGif tjzLywfxm;onfv h rl sm;udk pwifawG@&yg
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wOD;u ajymygonf?
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ajymonf? a&S@ro S mG ;ESiohf nfh OD;apmvdi_ Ef iS hf qufo, G af y;rnf[k udw k ifxÉG Of ;D u ajymygonf?
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uqdik u f ,fp;D +y;D t&yf0wfe@J vdu k vf mvdrrhf ,f? cifAsm;wd@k a&S@u oGm;ESiv hf u
kd yf g/ OD;apmvdi_ f 'Dy, J if;rSm&Srd ,f? vrf;c&D;rSm
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apm+yD; usaemfw@kd bkwvifu xGuv f mcJyh gonf?
10? pdik jf yif}uD;udak &mufonft h cg zrf;qD;cHxm;&aomv$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,Of ;D 0if;jrifah tmif. aetdrf
wGif }udKqdak &;pcef; zGixhf m;ojzifh acwW0ifem;ygonf? pdik jf yif}uD;ESihf bkwvif=um;vrf;c&D;wav#muf&dS aus;&Gm
jynfov l x
l rk sm;uvnf; a':pkukd vdu _ v
f u _d f vSv J aJS pmifóh udqakd e=u onfukd awG@jrif&ygonf? wem&Dcef@ tem;
,l+yD;aemuf OD; apmvdi_ f 'Dy, J if;ok@d oGm;ESi+hf yD[k usaemfw@kdo&d ygonf? usaemf wd@k vnf; OD;apmv_id Ef iS hf qufo, G f
&rnf jzpfonft h wGuf pdik jf yif}u;D rS qufvufxu G cf mG cJyh gonf? pdik jf yif}u;D rS twef=um um;armif;oGm;+y;D aemuf
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owdxm;rdygonf? xdak e&mwGif apmifah eonfv h rl sm;onf bkwvift0ifwiG af wG@co hJ nfh vlrsm;uJo h @kd b,fbuf
vufwiG f tm;vk;H t0wf jzLywfxm;+yD;/ tcsKd @u qdik ;f bkwrf sm; udik x f m;=uygonf? Tae&mwGif wck xl;jcm;
onfrmS trsKd ;om;rsm;udo k mawG@&+y;D / trsKd ; orD;rsm; ryg0ifyg? usaemfw@kdvnf; um;udk qufarmif;ESiv f monf?
um&Hxm;onfh oHq;l óu;d wef;rsm;udak usmv f eG +f y;D qufxu G I f &vsif OD;apmvdi_ Ef iS hf xyfrpH pD Ofrnf[pk Of;pm;xm;ygonf?
oHq;l óud;rsm;jzifh wm;xm;onfah e&mwGif um;ud&k yfvu kd &f yg onf? t&yf0wfEiS v hf l (3) OD; usaemfw@kd um;teD;
udk a&mufvm+yD;/ wa,mufu b,fv[ J k ar;ygonf? usaemfu 'Dy, J if;udo k mG ;rSm[k jyefvnf ajz=um;vdu k f
ygonf? um;xJrS ukad tmifatmifu a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS v hf monf[k ajzvku d yf gonf? xdo k @kd ajymqd+k yD;
aemuf usaemfvnf; um;atmufudk qif;vdu k yf gonf?
11? xdktcsdefwGift&yf redrfh rjrihf/ cyf00/ rsufckH;tenf;i,fxl+yD; rsufESmwif;wif;ESihfvlwa,mufu

xdik cf w kH iG f xdik af eonfb
h ek ;f }uD;rsm;udk vuftyk cf s+D yD; “'Dvrf;uae a':pk=unftzJ@G omG ;r,f/ 'DrmS apmifah ewJh
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a':atmifqef;pk=unfe@J ygvmwhJ buf u oHCmawGe@J jy\emwuf&if/ bke;f }uD;wd@k u rsuEf mS jyzd@k ygy”J [kajym
yg onf? ‚if;onf tay:wGif pGyu f s,f tus0ô wfxm;+yD;/ atmufwiG f ppfabmif;bD0wfxm; um/ &_;zdeyfp;D xm;yg
onf? ‚if;u bke;f }uD; rsm;ukd usaemfu h m;teD;Y ajymaejcif; jzpfI ajymqdo k nfrsm;tm;vH;k udk =um;ae&ygonf?
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jzpfa=umif;ajymonft h cg xdAk v kd rf ;ª u “zrf;xnfh xm;vdu k ”f [kajymygonf? vrf;.b,fbufwiG &f adS om qnf
ajrmif;Xme0if;}uD;xJo@kd um;udak rmif;0if&ef ajymygonf? usaemfw@kd tm;zrf;qD;olrsm;rSm wkwrf sm;/ 'dik ;f rsm;
udik af qmifxm;onfh &Jrsm;jzpfygonf// cE<muk, d u
f kd OD;pGm&SmazG+yD;/ xk@d aemuf um;xJukd &Smygonf// usaemfw@kd
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kd yf gonf? tcef;xJo@dk a&muf
onft h cg tzrf;cHxm;&onfh OD;apmvdi_ /f OD;jrif=h unf/ OD;bkad rmif/ ukad ZmfxeG ;f / OD;pdew f if ponfh yifet D usô
98
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u jyefvnfajz=um;ygonf? OD;apmvdi_ Ef iS u hf saemfu
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qdik u
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12? udak usmaf tmifuv kd nf; ‚if;wd@k u vdt

k yfonfrsm;udak r;+yD;aemuf vufEpS zf ufuykd ;l I óud;jzifh csnf
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taqmifav;xJrS xkw+f yD;/ taqmuftOD;ESihf ay(30)cef@wiG &f yfxm;onfh c&D;onfwif'ikd ef mum;ay:od@k ajymif;
+yD; wifygonf? a':pkw@kd .um;rsm; rvmrD tqdyk g0if;}uD;a&S@&Sd opfyif}uD;ay:rS qvdu k rf ;D ESpvf ;kH cef@ xd;k ay;xm;yg
onf? rD;vH;k }uD;rsm;jzifh vrf;ray:udk tvif;a&mifrsm;ay;xm;+yD;/ a':pkw@kd tzG@J tm;wdu k cf ukd rf nfh vrf;.vuf0J
buf qnfajrmif;0if;xJrS vltyk }f uD;udk 'dik ef mum; (15)pD;cef@u pDwef;+yD;/ aemufausmrS rD;xd;k ay;xm;onfukd
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rk&H mG rS ausmif;om;wOD;u qdik u f ,fjzifh vltyk }f u;D a&S@o@dk a&mufvm+y;D tajctaeudak vhvmaomtcg ‚if;wd@k ukd
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a'0wifvS &+yD/ a'0wifvS &+yD” “a'0pH
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a':pkum; armif;oGm;csed w f iG f qnfajrmif;0if;a&S@Yvnf; a':pkum;wef;wGiyf gvmolrsm;udk ¶du k Ef u
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“atmifcdkif/ atmifEdkif/ b,fvdkvJ?” [k wzufuqufar;&m
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trsK;d orD;rsm;ukd ajcaxmufjzifah emufru S ef+yD;/ trsK;d om;rsm;ukd eHygww f w
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onfh c&D;onfwif'ikd ef mum; ESppf if;ay:udw k ifygonf? um;wpD;udv k (l 20)ausmw f ifxm;jcif;jzpfI um;(3)pD;ay:
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jyefajzolu“atmifcikd /f atmifEikd /f a&cJ”[k jyefvnfajz=um;ygonf? xd@k aemuf wzufr“aumf

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toHrsm;udk =um;&ygonf?
14? n(12)em&Dcef@wiG f cyfvrS ;f vSr;f &S&d mG rsm;rS “'d@k ta&;” atmforH sm; =um;&+y;D wqufwnf;wGif aoewf
oHrsm;udk aemufwae@eeH uf (3)em&Dcef@txd =um;ae&ygonf?
eHeuf (1)em&Dcef@wiG f um;(3)pD;ay:rS '%f&m&onfo h rl sm;ESihf r&olrsm;udk cGx J m;vdu
k yf gonf? '%f&mr&ol
rsm;u um;(2)pD;jzpf+yD; '%f&m&&So d l ( 20 )ausmcf ef@udk tjcm;um;wpD;ay:wGif awG@&ygonf?
eHeuf(5)em&Dcef@wiG f usaemfw@kd tm;wifaqmifxm;onfu h m;(2)pD; xGuv f monft h cg vm&du k of nft h zG@J
rsm;udk jyefy@kd &efwifaqmifxm;onfh 'dik ef mum;rsm;/ rSev f u kH m;rsm;ESihf xdik cf rkH ygbJ rwfwyf&yfp;D &onfu h m;
tcsKd @ukd vrf;ab;0J,mwGif jrifah wG@&ygonf? cef@reS ;f ajc um;tpD;(100)cef@ &Syd gonf?
xdak e&mrSwqifh a&$bakd xmifo@dk eHeuf(9)em&Dcef@wiG f yxrqH;k tokwt f aejzifh trsKd ;orD;(4)OD; tygt0if/
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teuf oHCmawmfrsm;yg0if+yD; ‚if;wk@d rmS rH&k mG òrd@ tvHak usmif;wdu k rf S OD;aZmwdu/ &efuif;ausmif;wdu k rf S OD;^medEN
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15? ZGev f (1)&ufae@wiG f a':pkum;armif;ol udak usmpf ;kd vif;ESithf wl/ tjcm;vli,f(7)OD;cef@ usaemfw@kd .
atmufxyfo@dk a&mufvmygonf? udak usmpf ;kd vif;.nmbufvufwiG f '%f&m&xm;onf? usaemf a&csKd ;qif;csed f
wGiuf akd usmpf ;kd vif;ESiahf wG@Ipum;ajym&onf? usaemfu a':pkbmjzpfao;vJ [kar;&m/ nmbufycH;k t¶du k cf &H I
a&mifaea=umif;/ um;a&S@cef;nmbufwcH g;ayguEf iS ahf emufcef;rSreS jf ywif;rsm;uGu J m/ a':pk.nmbufvnfyif;
wGif rSeu f rJG sm; xd&+yD;/ b,fbufvnfyif;wGiv f nf; tenf;i,fx&d o S mG ;onf[k ajymygonf? tcsi;f jzpfonhf
ae&mwGif umxm;onfh oHq;l óu;d rsm;udkf jzwfausm+f y;D / n(10)em&DccJG ef@wiG f a&OD;òr@d t0ifo@dk a&muf&o
Sd mG ;a=umif;/
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aoewfrsm;jzifh csed x f m;onf&h (J 10)a,mufcef@ apmifah ea=umif;/ arv(31)&ufae@reufo;kH em&Dcef@wiG f ppfwyf
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16? 2003cESpZf eG v f (1)&ufae n h ae(4) em&Dcef@wiG f axmufvrS ;f a&;wyf&if;(20)rSAS v kd }f uD;vif;aZmfuH

OD;pD;aom (10)OD;cef@yg0ifonht f zG@J u usaemftygt0if arv(31)&ufae@eu H wf iG zf rf;qD;Ia&$bakd xmifo@kd yd@k
vduk af om '%f&m&olrsm;eSihf rsujf rifoufaopkpak ygi;f (146)OD;tm; etz axmufvrS ;f a&;rsm;u pwifI
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udok ufxeG ;f / ukrd if;vGi/f udok ef;xGe;f / udjk rifah usm/f udw
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usaemfw@kd tzrf;cHxm;&onfh a&$bakd xmifo@kd a&mufvmygonf? udw k ;kd vGitf m; acgi;f uGo J nf'h %f&mjzifh jrifawG@
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wd@k a&G;cs,w f ifajr‡mufxm;aom jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (70) u Adv k cf sKyfr;ª }uD; oef;a&$xH atmufyg
twdik ;f wifjyawmif;qdck o hJ nf?
(1) trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf 'kw, d OuUÏ OD;wifO;D / taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª; a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd EiS hf
twlvu kd yf gomG ;=uaom tzG@J 0iftm;vH;k wd@k ukd tjrefq;kH jyefvw $ af y;&ef/
(2) arv (31)&ufae@rS tpðyI aetdrw f iG t
f us,cf sKyfxm;aom OD;atmifa&$trª;ðyonfh A[dt k vkyf
tr_aqmifv}l uD;rsm;ESihf 'Dru kd a&pDtusO;f om;tm;vH;k wd@k uv kd nf; jyefvw $ af y;yg&ef/
(3) trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dEk iS jhf ynfe,f/ wdik ;f tm;vH;k wd@k wiG f csyd yf wd x f m;aom ¶H;k cef;rsm;udk csyd cf mG
zGifhvSpfay;yg&ef/
(4) 'Dy, J if;ta&;tcif;wGif trSew f u,faoqH;k =uol/ '%f&m&&So d /l zrf;qD;xm;jcif;cH&olrsm;ESihf aysmuf
qH;k aeolrsm;.pm&if;udk ðypka=unmay;Edik &f eftwGuf pHpk rf;a&;aumfr&Sif zG@J pnf;azmfxw k af y;yg&ef/
(5) urBm@ukvor*~taxGaxGnDvmcH. jrefrmEdkifiHESifhywfoufaomqHk;jzwfcsuftwdkif; aqmif&Guf
taumiftxnfazmfay;yg&efEiS hf Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tpd;k &. (1990)ckEpS af &G;aumufyOJG ya'
pnf;rsO;f a=unmcsut f & jynfo@l vw $ af wmfac:,lz@JG pnf;ay;yg&ef ponft h csurf sm;udw k ifjyawmif;qdck =hJ uonf?
trsKd;om;'Drku
d a&pDtzJGŒcsKyf/ trsKd;orD;tzJGŒ0ifrsm;
trsK;d om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf trsKd ;orD;tzG@J 0ifrsm;uvnf; a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD
tzG@J csKyfacgi;f aqmifrsm;tm; tjrefq;kH v$waf y;&efEiS hf jrefrmjynftES@H tjym;&Sd trsK;d tm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf.
csyd yf w
d x
f m;onf&h ;kH cef;rsm; jyefvnfziG chf iG ahf y;&efw@kd ukd etztm; awmif;qdo
k nfph mrsm;ay;yd@k co
hJ nf?
{&m0wDwkid f; (6)òrdŒe,f trsKd;om;'Drku

d a&pDtzJGŒcsKyf/ tzJGŒ0ifrsm;
{&m0wD wdik ;f twGi;f &Sd trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf {&m0wDwikd ;f (6)òrd@e,f/ òrd@e,fpnf;&H;k a&;tzG@J 0ifrsm;/
tzG@J csKyf tzG@J 0if rsm;ESihf jynfow l @kd rS vufrw S af &;xd;k I ukvor*~tzG@J csKyf vHjk cHKa&;aumifprD S tjrefq;kH ta&;,l
aqmif&u G af y;yg &ef atmufygtwdik ;f xyfrw H ifjyawmif;qdck o hJ nf//
(u) trsKd;om;acgif;aqmif a':atmifqef;pk}unfESifh zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;cH EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;tm;vHk;
c|i;f csuf r&Sd tjrefq;kH (csujf cif;)v$waf y;&efEiS hf rw&m;zrf;qD;r_rsm;udk &yfqikd ;f &ef//
(c) t"rR csyd yf w d xf m;aom tzG@J csKyf&;kH tm;vH;k udk tjrefq;kH (csujf cif;)jyefvnfziG v hf pS af y;+yD; vGwv f yfpmG
pnf;&H;k v_y&f mS ;cGiahf y;&efEiS hf tjcm; Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;udv k nf; vGwv f yfpmG pnf;&H;k v_y&f mS ;cGiahf y;&ef//
(*) urBmu h v k or*~tzG@J }uD;. taxGaxGnv D mcHtoD;oD;u wnDwnGww f nf; csrw S v f u
kd af om 1990
jynfEh pS yf gwpD 'kH rD u
kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy&JG v'fonf 'Dru kd a&pDujkd ynfov l xl uk vdv k m;a=umif; jyovdu k f
jcif;jzpfonf[al om qH;k jzwfcsuu f kd taumiftxnfaz:ay;&ef//
106
(C) arv (30) &ufae@ujzpfymG ;cJah om “'Dy, J if;t=urf;zufvyk }f uHr”_ ta&;tcif;}uD;tm; vGwv
f yf
aom =um;aepHpk rf;ppfaq;a&;tzG@J zG@J I ppfaq;az:xkwaf y;&ef//
{&m0wDwdkif;twGif;&Sd ² ² ²
usHKaysmfòrd@e,f - 941 OD;?

ausmif;ukef;òrd@e,f - 977 OD;?
bdkuav;òrd@e,f - 508 OD;?
yef;waemfòrd@e,f - 66 OD;?
armfvòrdifu|ef;òrd@e,f - 198 OD;?
ig;odik ;f acsmif;òrd@e,f - 286 OD;?
æ pkpkaygif; - (2976)OD;u vufrSwfa&;xdk;xm;aom rl&if;pm&Gufrsm;tm;yl;wGJI ar(30)&ufae@

'Dy,
J if;vky=f uHr}_ uD;udv
k nf; w&m;r#wonft h wdik ;f ta&;,laqmif&u G af y;&ef ukvor*~~ vHjk cHKa&;aumifp/D
ukvor*~~ taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;wk@d xo H @kd wkid =f um;pmrsm;/ arwWm&yfco
H nfph mrsm; ay;yd@k co
hJ nfukd awG@&&dS onf?
trsKd;om;'Drku
d a&pDtzJGŒcsKyf (vli,f)
2003 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (8)&ufae@wiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tzG@J 0ifvil ,frsm;uvnf;/ urBmu h vk
or*~taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;csKyf udzk t D eefxo H @kd ar(30)'Dy,
J if;vky=f urH E_ iS phf yfvsO;f I ta&;,laqmif&u G af y;&ef
arwWm&yfcpH m ay;yd@k c&hJ mwGif æ
“ygwt D axGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª; a':atmifqef;pk=unfonf r=umrDumvrsm;u ygwpD nf;&k;H a&;vkyif ef;pOf
ESihf ygw&D ;Hk cef;rsm;zGiv hf pS af &;udpu
P kd ppftpd;k &. oabmwlciG ðhf ycsut f & c&D;xGucf &Jh m jrefrmjynfajrmufyikd ;f
c&D;pOfwavsmufv;Hk wGif jynfov l x l tk aygi;f wd@k u vrf;ay:xGuI f aomif;aomif;jzjz óudqEkd w _ qf ufc=Jh u
ygonf?
2003 ckEpS /f arv(30)&ufae@u ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f / a&$bcdk &dik /f 'Dy, J if;ðrd@e,f usn&f mG teD;Y nbuftcsed f
0dik ;f 0ef;ydwq f @kd wu
dk cf u
kd o f wfjzwfc&Jh m vlaygi;f (70)ausmaf oqk;H ch+J yD; (100)ausmf '%f&m&chyJ gonf? ygwD 'kw, d
OuUÏ OD;wifO;D ESihf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª; a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd rmS toufab;rS oDou D av; vGwaf jrmuf
vmchaJ omfvnf; ,cktcg ppftm%m&Si. f tusO;f axmifrsm;Y tjcm; trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyf tzJ@G 0ifrsm;
uho J @kd yif zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxm;jcif; cHae&ygonf?
xd@k a=umif@ ar (30)&ufae@ 'Dy, J if;ta&;tcif;onfum; vltpkvu kd f tðyHvu kd u f kd ppftm%m&Sif tpd;k &
ud, k w f ikd uf vky}f uHowfjzwfaom ordik ;f wGiu f serf nfh vlowfyjGJ zpfygonf?
av;pm;cifrif&ygaom urBmu
h v
k or*~ taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;csKyfcifAsm;-
u|Eyfk w
f @kd jrefrmEdik if o
H nf ppftm%m&Sit f pd;k &vufatmufwiG f vl@tcGit hf a&;udk t}uD;tus,f csK;d azmuf
jcif; cHae&onfrmS vk;H 0,krH mS ; oHo,jzpfp&m rvdyk g? xk@d a=umifh u|Eykf w f @kd trsK;d om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyf vli,f
tzJ@G 0ifrsm;u atmufygupd &P yfrsm;udk tvsit f jrefaqmif&u G af y;yg&ef awmif;qdck surf sm; wifoiG ;f tyfygonf?
1? urBmu h v
k or*~tzJ@G csKyf}u;D taejzifh jrefrmEkid if H tm%mydik pf pftpd;k &. ar (30) &uf 'Dy, J if; vlowfyGJ
ta&;tcif;ESiyhf wfoufI tjrefq;Hk tpD&ifcpH mwifoiG ;f Edik &f ef tpd;k &r[kwaf om oD;jcm;vGwv f yfonfh aumf
107
r&Siw f &yfukd zJ@G pnf;xlaxmifI pkpH rf;aqmif&u G af y;ap&ef?

2? rw&m;zrf;qD;csKyfaESmif tjypfay;xm;aom ausmif;om;/ oHCmESihf Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;tm;vk;H udk
c|i;f csuf r&dS tjrefq;Hk v$waf y;yg&ef?
3? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyf&;Hk cef;rsm;udk tjrefq;Hk jyefziG ahf y;a&;/ 1990jynfEh pS f ygwpD aHk &G;aumufyGJ
&v'fukd (6)vtwGi;f taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&u G af y;rnfh wdusaomvkyif ef;pOfukd urBmod@k a=unmay;&ef?
4? ukvor*~vðHk caH &;aumifpo D @kd jrefrmEdik if t
H a&;ESiyhf wfouf+y;D wifjyaqG;aEG;vsuf ydwq f @dk ta&;,ljcif;
udk wd;k jr‡iahf qmif&u
G I
f jrefrmEdik if .
H ppftm%m&Sit f pd;k &ud,
k pf m;vS,uf kd ukvor*~tzJ@G tpnf;rS z,f&mS ;jcif;
ponfh qk;H jzwfcsurf sm;ukd taumiftxnfazmfay;&ef”ponfh tcsurf sm;udw k ifjyawmif;qdck o hJ nf?
typftcwf&yfpJxm;onfh tzJGŒ (7)zJGŒ

jynfwiG ;f &Sd etzESihf typftcyf&yfpu J m +idr;f csr;f a&;,lxm;=uonfh vufeufuikd t f zG@J tpnf;rsm;uvnf;
ar(30) 'Dy, J if;vky=f uHr}_ uD;ESiphf yfvsO;f I æ
typftcwf&yfpJum +idrf;csrf;a&;,lxm;=uaom tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;taejzifh ucsifjynfvGwfvyfa&;tzGJ@
(KIO) u,ef;jynfopfygwD (KNLP)/ u&ifev D rl sKd ;aygi;f pHv
k w
G af jrmufa&;wyfO;D (KNPLF) yavmifjynfe,f
vGwaf jrmufa&;wyfrawmf (PSLA) // rGejf ynfopfygwD (NMSP) / &Sr;f jynfe,f+idr;f csr;f a&;aumifpD (SSPC)/
G af jrmufa&;tzG@J (SNPLO) wk@d u 2003 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v
&Sr;f jynf vlrsKd ;aygi;f pHjk ynfo@l vw f (1)&ufae@wiG f ‚if;wd@k .
oabmxm;rsm;udk xkwjf yefa=unmcJo h nf?
jynfwGif; wkid f;&if;om;Ekid fiaH &;ygwD (9) zJGŒ

“2003 ckEpS /f arv(30)&ufae@wiG jf zpfysucf o hJ nfh 'Dy,
J if;ta&;tcif;onf rdrw d @kd tcsi;f csi;f t=urf;zuf
toGiaf qmifaom vky&f yfjzpfaoma=umifh jynforl sm; toufq;kH ¶H;_ xdcu kd tf emw&jzpfysucf &hJ onft h wGuf
txl;yif0rf;enf;a=uuGjJ zpfc&hJ ygonf? ,cktajctaewGif urBmu h vk or*~tzG@J tpnf;}u;D ESihf Edik if w H um todik ;f
t0dik ;f rsm;rS 0ifa&mufajymqdv k m&onftxd jzpfay:cJ&h r_twGuv f nf; rdrwd @kd rS pdwrf csr;f ajr@jzpf&ygonf” [k
azmfjyyg&Sdonf?
1? r&mjynfo@l ygwD
2? Zd;k rD; trsKd ;om;uGe*f &uf
3? rGet f rsKd ;om; 'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
4? csi;f trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
5? &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
6? u&iftrsK;d om;rsm; 'Dru kd a&pDueG *f &uf
7? u,m;jynfe,fvrl sK;d aygi;f pHk 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
8? ucsijf ynfe,ftrsK;d om;rsm; 'Dru kd a&pDueG zf &ifh
9? u,ef;trsK;d om;rsm;pnf;vH;k a&; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfw@kd yg0ifonfh wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pk Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;
. jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if . H vuf&jdS zpfay:aeaom Edik if aH &;tajctaersm;tay: oabmxm;xkwjf yefcsuf
udk 2003 ckEpS /f ZGev f (7)&ufae@wiG f xkwjf yefc&hJ m æ
“EdkifiHawmfESifhjynfoljynfom;rsm;.tusKd;udkaxmuf¶_aomtm;jzifh rnfonfht=urf;zufr_rsm;udkrqdk
csucf si;f &yfqikd ;f &efwukd w
f eG ;f tyfygonf? t=urf;zufrr_ sm;udk zefw;D olw@kd tm;vnf; u|Eykf w f @kd ujyif;xefpmG
¶_wcf svu kd yf gonf? jrefrmhEikd if aH &;jy\emrsm;udk Edik if aH &;enf;vrf;jzpfonfh awG@qakH qG;aEG;=ujcif;jzifo h m tajz
&Smoifyh ga=umif;”pojzifh ‚if;wd@k .oabmxm;udk xkwjf yefco hJ nf?
108
jynfaxmifpkwkid f;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm; 'Drku

d a&pDtzJGŒcsKyf
vwfwavmjzpfay:aeaom jrefrmEdik if aH &;tajctaeay:wGif “jynfaxmifpw k ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;'Dru kd
a&pDtzG@J csKyf ” (y-v-'-z) (UNLD) .oabmxm;&yfwnfcsurf (l 5)ckEiS hf Edik if aH &;vrf;jyajryHu k kd 2003 ckEpS f
pufwifbmv (29)&ufae@wiG x f w
k jf yefa=unmcJo
h nf/ ,if;xkwjf yefa=unmcsuw f iG f 'Dy,J if; vkyk =f uHr}_ uD;ESihf
pyfvsO;f I oabmxm;&yfwnfcsurf l trSw(f 1)tjzpf ta&;w}uD;xm;um atmufygtwdik ;f awmif;qdck o hJ nf?
(1) 'Dy,
J if;ta&;tcif;udk w&m;r#wpGm pHpk rf;azmfxw
k &f ef/
2003 ckEpS /f arv(30)&ufae@u ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f / 'Dy,

J if;+rdK@teD;wGijf zpfymG ;cJah om ta&;
tcif;onf vGepf mG }uD;us,af om Edik if aH &;vlowfy}JG uD;jzpfa}umif; ay:vGix f if&mS ;v#uf
&Sdonf/ tm%mydkifrsm;.xkwfazmfa=unmcsuft&/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfbufrS
pnf;urf;rJhr_rsm;a=umifh jzpfyGm;&onf[kajz&Sif;aomfvnf;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyff
bufurl wpfbufrS pepfwus }udKwifppD Ofxm;r_a}umif[ h k pGypf x
JG m;onf//
rnfo@kd qakd p wkw/f "g;/ 0g;c|e/f av;cG pojzifh vufeufrsKd ;pHu k ikd af qmifxm;aom vl
(1000) ausmcf ef@ yg0ifcahJ om vlowfy}JG uD;jzpfI trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. f aemufvu kd f
rsm;ESifh }uH@cdkifa&;ESifhzGH@òzd;a&;toif;0ifrsm;=um; jzpfyGm;cJhjcif;jzpfa=umif; tjiif;ryGm;ay/
tm%mydik rf sm;.xkwaf zmfa=unmcsut f & vl(4)OD;aoqH;k onf[q k +kd yD; trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&
pDtzG@J csKyfbufurl vl(100)ausmf aysmufq;kH aoqH;k aeonf[k qdo k nf//xd@k a=umihv f nf;
Tta&;tcif;rSm jynfwiG ;f a&;oufoufr#[k ,lqjcif;rjyKEdik af wmhbJ a'ota&;/ tjynf
jynfqikd &f mta&;tjzpf/ wurBmvH;k u pdw0f ifpm;vm=u&jcif;jzpfonf//
Tr#}uD;us,af omvlowfyrJG sKd ;udk w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;ESiv hf jkH cHKa&;udk txl;OD;pm;ay;
aom wyfrawmf tpd;k &taejzifh vspv f sL¶_xm;&ef roifah cs// tjrefq;kH ESihf w&m;r#wr_
t&Sq d ;kH azmfxw k &f rnfomjzpfonf// od@k aomf cHbufraS ecJ=h u&aom trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&
pDtzG@J csKyfb f ufrS OD;wifO;D ESihf a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd tygt0if ygw0D iftrsm;udo k m zrf;qD;
csKyfaESmifjcif;/ ygw&D ;kH rsm;tydwcf &H jcif;/ acgi;f aqmifrsm;tus,cf sKyf cscaH e&+yD;/ wyfrawmf
tpd;k &.=oZmcH jzpfaom =uH@§zG@H tzG@J 0ifrsm;udrk l vH;k 0ta&;,ljcif;cH&onf[k rawG@&&dS &m
rsm;pGmtH=h o raus eyfz, G f jzpf=u&ayonf//
Tr#}uD;us,af om vltrsm;aoa=uysupf ;D cJ&h onfh ta&;tcif;wcktwGuf pHpk rf;ppf
aq;r_ vdt k yfonfurkd l rnforl # jiif;qdEk ikd rf nf r[kwaf y// od@k aomf }uH@§zG@H tzG@J 0ifrsm; yg0if
ywfoufaejcif;a=umif/h wyfrawmf tpd;k &.=oZmatmufwiG f ppfaq;&ef roifah wmfay?
urBmu h v k or*~tzG@J csKy}f u;D . =oZmcH pHpk rf;ppfaq;a&;tzG@J ukd v$t J yfppfaq;I trSef w&m;udk
azmfxw k jf cif;omv#if toifah wmfq;kH jzpfayrnf/ od@k aomf xdo k @kdtrSew f &m;udk ppfaq;azmfxw k f
+yD;aemuf wm0ef&o dS rl sm;udk ta&;,ltjypfay;jcif;vrf;pOfukd rvdu k b f /J awmiftmz&du
wGif usio hf ;kH cJah om trSew f &m;azmfxw k af &;ESihf cGiv
hf w$ af &;vrf;pOfukd vdu k ef musio hf ;kH oifh
onf xifygonf? od@k jzifh trSew f &m;ay:ayguv f monfEiS t hf r# Edik if aH &;tmCmwrsm;avsmh
enf;vm+yD; ESpb f uftiftm;pkrsm;t=um; ,H}k unfrw _ nfaqmufa&;. yxrajcvSr;f jzpf
vmoifo h nf? xdt k qifrh S qufI a&S@qufvyk =f u&rnfv h rf;pOfukd azmfxw k o f ifo
h nf[k
oabm&&Sad yonf/ bmr# rjzpfovdk vspv f sL&_xm;jcif;onf tcsi;f csi;f oHo,ESihf tmCm
109
w rsm;om yGm;rsm;apojzifh vdu k ef moifah omvrf;pOf r[kwaf y//

wyfrawmfrS wm0ef&o dS rl sm;onfvnf;aumif;/ trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. acgi;f aqmifrsm;onfvnf;
aumif;/ Edik if EH iS v
hf rl sKd ;udk cspjf rwfE;kd }uolrsm;csn;f jzpf&m/ Ttcsuu f kd av;eufpmG pOf;pm;=uyg&ef yef=um;
tyfygonf”
H rsdK;om;aumifpD ( NCUB )
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifit
etz onf ‚if;. t=urf;zufvyk &f yfrsm;udk tjref&yf+yD;aemuf a':pkEiS w hf uG zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;onfh
NLD acgi;f aqmifrsm;/ tzG‹J 0ifrsm;tm; tjref jyefvw $ af y;&ef/ NLD ±H;k rsm;udk tjrefjyefziG ahf y;&ef/ NLD tay:
&efp wduk cf u
kd rf /_ vlxt
k ay: &efp wdu k cf ukd rf r_ sm;udk csucf si;f &yfpyJ pf&ef 'Dy,
J if; ta&;tcif;twGi;f aoqH;k r_/
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tar&duefEikd if EH iS x hf ikd ;f ESpEf ikd if yH ;l wGx
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k jf yefonfah =unmcsuw f iG f a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; tjrefq;kH v$wf
ay;&ef etz tm; awmif;qdck o hJ nf?
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ar(30) 'DyJ,if;vkyf=uHowfjzwfr_ jzpfyGm;+yD;aemuf2003 ckESpf/ ZGefv(18)&ufae@ uarBm'D;,m;EdkifiH/
zEGryf ifòrd@wiG u f si;f yonfh ta&S@awmiftm&Sqikd &f m/ tmqD,EH ikd if jH cm;a&;0ef}uD;rsm; tpnf;ta0;wGiaf ':atmif
qef;pk=unftm; tjrefq;kH v$waf y;&ef tmqD,0H ef}uD;rsm;u zdtm;ay;awmif;qdck =hJ uonf? 5 tmqD,t H zG@J
tpnf;ta0;twGi;f yxrOD;qH;k t}udrt f jzpf tzG@J 0ifEikd if H wEdik if .H jynfwiG ;f a&;ud0k ifa&mufpu G zf uf+yD; awmif;
qdck jhJ cif;jzpfonf? xdo k @kd tmqD,t H zG@J }u;D . awmif;qdck suEf iS yhf wfoufI etztm; tmqD,t H zG@J 0ifEikd if H wEdik if H
jzpfvmap&ef axmufct H m;ay;cJo h nfh rav;&Sm; 0ef}uD;csKyf r[moD,mrd[ k mrufu “a':atmifqef;pk=unf
udk bma=umifh v$wrf ay;ovJqw kd m pOf;pm;vd@k ukd r&ygb;l / wjcm;Edik if aH wG ajymqdw k mudk vufrcHwmxuf
tmqD,HtzGJ@0ifEdkifiHawGu a':atmifqef;pk=unfv$wfay;zdk@awmif;qdkwmudkawmh owdjyKoifh+yD; etz.
vky&f yfonf tmqD,w H zG@J v;kH udk usO;f xJusyx f J wGe;f yd@k aeonf”[k xkwaf zmfajym=um;cJo h nf? 6 jrefrmEdik if . H
tajctaeonf jrefrmEdik if t H wGuo f mruyJ tmqD,t H zG@J }uD;twGuv f nf; qkw, f w
k rf r_ sm;jzpfa=umif;udk
vnf; puFmyl Edik if jH cm;a&;0ef}uD; *sm&mul;rm; u xkwaf zmfajymqdck o hJ nf? a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; xde;f odr;f
xm;jcif;onf ta&S@awmiftm&SEikd if rH sm;toif;}u;D (tmqD,)H . *k%o f u
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u ZGev f (27)&ufae@ owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGw J iG f ajymqdck o hJ nf?
etz. ar(30) 'Dy, J if;vky=f uHowfjzwfra_ =umifh jrefrmEdik if o H nf Edik if w
H um. ydrk 'kd %fcwfrr_ sm;a=umifh
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7
ajym=um;cJo h nf? zdvpfyikd Ef ikd if jH cm;a&;0ef}uD; tdyk v J u f “etz ppftpd;k &[m a':atmifqef;pk=unfukd v$wf
114
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ta&;,lr_ od@k r[kwf tmqD,t H zG@J xu J xkwyf pfz@kd txdawmif OD;wnfomG ;Edik yf gw,f”
“a':atmifqef;pk=unf vGwaf jrmufvm+yD;&if tmqD,t H aeeJ@ jrefrmEdik if rH mS +idr;f csr;f pGm Edik if aH &;ajymif;vJ
r_rsm; v#ijf refpmG jzpfay:vmap&ef jrefrmEdik if u H kd tqifjh rifh tmqD,u H ,kd pf m;vS,t f zG@J wzG@J apv$wyf gvrd rhf ,f/
tJ'u D , kd pf m;vS,t f zG@J taeeJ@ a':atmifqef;pk=unftygt0if etz ppftpd;k &eJ@ awG@qakH qG;aEG;wmawGvyk zf @kd
tmqD,o H bmywdwm0ef,rl ,fh tif'ekd ;D &Sm;Edik if jH cm;a&;0ef}uD; [mqm rdv k m&dw k mu tqdjk yKxm;a=umif;”
8
ajymqdck o hJ nf?
ta&S@waD rm Edik if jH cm;a&;0ef}u;D a[mfwmuvnf; “jrefrmEdik if [ H m 2006 ckEpS f rwdik cf ifrmS tckvkd &yfwnf
vkyaf qmifwmrsKd ;awGukdf pGe@f vw $ &f r,fqw kd meJ@ ywfoufv@kd tmqD,EH ikd if aH wG tonf;toefjzpfae=uw,f?
'Dvrkd S r[kw&f ifawmh tmqD,t H zG@J wiG ;f rSm&Swd EhJ ikd if wH ikd ;f [m awmfawmfu h kd rsuEf mS ysupf &mjzpfr,f? ckawmif
awmfawmfrsuEf mS ysuaf e&yg+yD/ tmqD,H Edik if jH cm;a&;0ef}uD;awG[m jrefrmEdik if rH mS jzpfysucf w hJ hJ Edik if aH &;aemufjyef
qGrJ a_ wGa=umifh t}uD;tus,pf w d yf su&f ygw,f ”
Edik if jH cm;a&;0ef}uD; OD;0if;atmifu ar(30) 'Dy, J if;vky=f uHowfjzwfrE_ iS phf yfvsO;f I tmqD,EH ikd if jH cm;a&;
0ef}uD;rsm;tm; &Si;f vif;wifjyr_EiS yhf wfouf+yD; “olw@kd ajymjywJt h a=umif;awGu vH;k 0,H=k unfEikd pf &m r&Syd g
bl;/ 'ga=umifv h nf; tmqD,EH ikd if jH cm;a&;0ef}uD;awGu wnDwnGww f nf; olrudv k w $ af y;zd@k awmif;qdak ewm
yg? +yD;cJw h hJ etz&J@vyk &f yf[m tmqD,w H ckv;kH &J@*% k o f u d mQ udk n‡K;d EGr;f apw,fqw kd thJ csuu f kd tmqD,aH cgi;f
aqmiftm;vH;k u oabmwlvufccH =hJ uw,f? tvGwo f abmnpmpm;yGrJ mS vJ 'Dupd u P ykd J aqG;aEG;a0zefc+hJ yD;
a':atmifqef;pk=unfukd csucf si;f jyefvw $ af y;zd@k tif'ekd ;D &Sm;eJ@ uarBm'D;,m;Edik if jH cm;a&;0ef}uD;awGu awmif;qdck hJ
9
wmjzpfa=umif;” zEGr;f yifòrd@wiG u f si;f yonfh tmqD,H Edik if jH cm;a&;0ef}uD;rsm;tpnf;ta0;wGif jrefrmEdik if EH iS hf
ywfoufI ‚if;.oabmxm;udk txufyg twkid ;f xkwaf zmfajymqdck o hJ nf?
xdu k o hJ @kd tmqD,t H zG@J 0ifEikd if rH sm;u a':atmifqef;pk=unf jyefvnfvw $ af y;a&;ESiphf yfvsO;f I tmqD,H
tzG@J wzG@J &efuek òf rd@o@kd oGm;a&mufa&;udk tvSnu hf s tmqD,OH uUÏ tif'f ekd ;D &Sm; Edik if jH cm;a&;0ef}uD;u tqdjk yK
xm;aomfvnf; etz bufrS wke@f jyefr_ rjyKcJyh g? 10
ta&S@awmiftm&SEikd if rH sm;toif;}uD;(tmqD,t H oif;)taejzifh zEGr;f yifòrd@ Edik if jH cm;a&;0ef}uD;rsm; tpnf;
ta0;wGif ar(30) ta&;tcif;ESiphf yfvsO;f I a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; jyefvnfvw $ af y;&ef tjyif;txef
awmif;qdrk r_ sm; jyKvkycf o hJ nf? od@k aomf tif'ekd ;D &Sm;Edik if H bmvDu|e;f wGiu f si;f yonfh tmqD,H xdyo f ;D tpnf;
ta0;wGirf l zEGr;f yifòr@d wiG f tmqD,EH ikd if jH cm;a&;0ef}u;D rsm;u csrw S xf m;onfq h ;kH jzwfcsuu f kd qufvuftaumif
txnf razmfaqmifEikd o f nfukd awG@&cdS &hJ onf?
ukvor*~ vlŒtcGifhta&;qkid f&m txl;uk,

d fpm;vS,f
ukvor*~v@l tcGit hf a&;qdik &f m txl;ud, k pf m;vS,f rpPwm ay:vkq d m*s,
D kd yDn&J ;kd onf ‚if;. jrefrmEdik if o H @kd
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115
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pOfwiG f vl@tcGit fh a&;tajctaersm;ESifh trsK;d om;jyefvnfoihjf rwfa&;vkyif ef;pOfrsm; odod
omomqkw, f w k u f sqif;cho J nf? 2003 ckEpS /f arv(30)&ufae@Y 'Dy, J if;òrd@wiG f ay:aygucf Jh
aomjzpf&yfonf vl@tcGit fh a&; qk;d qk;d 0g;0g;csK;d azmufrr_ sm; jzpfay:ch+J yD;/ Ekid if aH &;tajc tae
rsm;ESiv fh nf; eufeuf&i_d ;f &di_ ;f qufE, G yf wfoufaeonf?
TtpD&ifcpH m rwdik rf D rdr. d aemufq;Hk tpD&ifcpH mwGif arv (30)&ufae@jzpf&yfrsm;ukd
wifjych+J yD;jzpfonf? xkw d ifjycsuw f iG f jrefrmtm%mykid w f @dk . xkwjf yefajymqkcd surf sm;/ ,kH
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pma&;om;pOf&&dcS aJh om pkaqmif;rdor# owif;tcsut f vufrsm;tay: tajccHI jzpfpOf
tay: rdr. d y%mroH;k oyfcsuu f v kd nf; azmfjycJo h nf? ,ck c&D;pOfwiG f wku d cf udk cf cH &Jh oltcsK@d /
rsujf rifoufaotcsK@d w@dk udk awG@qaHk r;jref;Ekid cf +Jh yD;/ ‚if;wk@d xrH S xkjd zpf&yfEiS yfh wfoufonhf
tcsut f vufrsm;&&dcS o Jh nf? xk@d jyif tm%mykid rf sm;ESifh a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@dk tm; oGm;
a&mufaqG;aEG;jcif;jzihv f nf; tcsut f vufrsm;pGm &&dcS o Jh nf? 'Dy, J if;jzpf&yfonf tpk;d &tm
%mydik rf sm;u =uHpnfaqmif&u G w f mrsKd ; r[kwv f sif 'Dy, J if;jzpf&yf jzpfymG ;Edik pf &m r&Sb d ;l qdk
onft h csuu f kd vufcEH ikd af vmufatmifjrifomonfh oufaocHtaxmuftxm;rsm; &Sd
ae+yD[k rdrad jymEdik o f nf?
,ae@tcsdeftxd rdrdavhvmpkaqmif;chJaom taxmuftxm;rsm;u atmufyg
twdik ;f azmfjyaeonf? 2003 ckEpS /f arv(25)&ufae@EiS fh (30)&ufae@t=um; a':atmifqef;
pk=unftm; axmufcóH udqo dk t l a&twGurf sm;jym;vmonf? xkt d cg trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pD
tzJ@G csKyftm; qef@usio f rl sm;/ ok@d wnf;r[kwf tpk;d &tm%mykid t f zJ@G tpnf;rsm;ESifh wenf;
enf;jzihf qufpyfxad wG@aeolrsm;. yg0ifywfoufrj_ zihf +cdr;f ajcmufjcif;/ v_@H aqmfjcif;/ aESmifh
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rvkv d m;tyfaom toufq;Hk &_;H epfemjcif;rsm;/ xdcu kd t f emw&jzpfrr_ sm;udak &Smif&mS ;I xkjd zpf
&yfudk +idr;f csr;f pGmajz&Si;f jcif; rjyKEkid [ f k qkjd cif;rSm rdrt d aejzihf ,k=H unf&efcufcv J o S nf?
'Dy, J if;jzpf&yfa=umifh 'Dy, J if;jzpfpOftwGi;f omru vl@tcGit hf a&;e,fy,fwiG f 0rf;enf;
a=uuGzJ , G &f m aemufqufwJG qkw, f w k ef pfemr_rsm; jzpfay:cJ&h onf? Ekid if t H ES@H &Sd tifet f ,fvf
'D &k;H rsm; tydwcf cH &Jh onf// a': atmifqef;pk=unf txde;f odr;f cHc&Jh onf// tzJ@G csKyf A[kd
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apmih=f unfph pfaq;r_rsm;/ +crd ;f ajcmufrr_ sm; wk;d jrihv f monf? jypfru _ sL;vGeo f rl sm;tm; w&m;pJG
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d cf u dk rf w
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tusOf;cscHchJ&onf?
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xde;f odr;f cHxm;&olrsm;/ aetdrw f iG f csKyfaESmifcx H m;&olrsm;tm; c|i;f csurf &dS csucf si;f v$wf
ay;&ef vkt d yfygonf?
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olrsm;. rdom;pk0ifrsm;ukv d nf; avsmaf =u;aiGay;&ef pOf;pm;oifyh gonf? Ekid if w H um pHcsed f
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116
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a=unmoihfonf?
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rsm;ukd vufpm;acsjcif;/ +cdr;f ajcmufjcif; rjyKvkyyf g[al om tmrcHcsurf sm;ay;oiho f nf?
tzJ@G csKyf&;Hk rsm; jyefvnfziG v fh pS o f ihyf gonf? xko d @dk jyKvkyjf cif;jzihf jzpf&yfq;dk }uD;wGi&f &dcS aJh om
'%f&m'%fcsut f csK@d udk ukpm;Ekid rf nfjzpfonf?
2002 ckEpS f arvESifh 2003 ckEpS /f arvt=um; tcsed u f mvukd jyefvnfavhvm =unhyf g
u tajctaerSm a&&maocsmr_ r&Sad omfvnf; vlxt k rsm;pkrmS ar#mv f ihcf sutf csK@d xm;&dcS Jh
=uonf? ,k=H unfrw _ nfaqmuf&ef tapmykid ;f umv óud;yrf;csurf sm;ESifh ywfoufonhf
tcGit fh vrf;rsm; qk;H &_;H cho J nf[k rdrt d aejzif, h q l ygonf? ESpzf uf tjyeftvSe, f =kH unfr_
wnfaqmuf&ef jynfph ckH ikd rf monfh uwdu0wfrsm; uif;rJo h nft h wGuf ,H=k unfem;vnfr_
wd;k yGm;vm&rnft h pm; wjznf;jznf;,kwaf vsmv h mum aemufq;kH 'Dy, J if;udpP jzpf&onfh
tajctaeod@k qdu k af &mufco hJ nf?
ar(30) jzpf&yfonf jrefrmEkid if t H ay: Ekid if w H umtokid ;f t0kid ;f u tjrifajymif;vJvm
ap&ef jyXmef;ay;vdu k af om t"dujzpf&yf jzpfvmcJo h nf? jrefrmEdik if t H ay: wm;qD; ydwyf ifr_
rsm; wd;k jr‡iðhf yvkyo f nftxd Ekid if w H um. jypfwif&w _ cf sru_ dk etztaejzihf róuHpzl; tjyif;
xefq;kH cHvu dk &f onf? xk@d a=umihv f nf; tusKd ;quftjzpf etz u 2003 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f
wGif 0ef}uD;csKyfopfwOD; cef@tyfwm0efay;a=umif; a=unmjcif;/ tcsuf (7)csuyf g0ifaom
vrf;jyajrykt H pDtpOftm; a=unmjcif; pojzihf wke@f jyefvyk af qmifco Jh nf? xkd vkyaf qmifr_
rsm;ukd Ekid if t H csK@d u todtrSwjf yKch=J uonf?
jrefrmEdik if . H tem*wfta&;udk trSew f u,ftav;xm;oltm;vH;k 'Dy, J if;jzpf&yfEiS hf
ywfoufI oifcef;pm,loifyh gonf? ‚if;oifcef;pmrsm;udk tjrefq;kH tav;xm;vdu k ef m
usio hf ;kH oifyh gonf? Tjzpf&yfrmS vufpm;aajc wke@f jyefajz&Si;f &rnfh jy\emw&yf r[kwf
ovdk wzufzufrS &yfwnfI Edik if aH &;oabmxm;ay;&rnfh udpv P nf; r[kwyf g?
TjzpfpOftwGi;f usL;vGecf ahJ om vl@tcGit hf a&;csKd ;azmufrr_ sm;udk xda&mufpmG ðyjyifuk
pm;Edik rf o S mv#if 'Dru kd a&pDðyjyifajymif;vJa&; vrf;a=umif;ay:ok@d wdik ;f jynfuykd @kd aqmifay;Edik f
rnfh usi0hf wfou d mQ qdik &f m vrf;!$erf u _ kd &&Sad yvdrrhf nf?
TuJo h @kd ESpOf ;D ESpzf uf=um; jyefvnf&if=um;apha&;tcGit hf vrf;udk vufvw G qf ;kH ¶H;_ ygu
wdik ;f jynftwGuf qd;k usK;d rsm;om jzpfxeG ;f vmEdik af yonf? xd@k a=umifh ar(30) jzpf&yfEiS yhf wf
oufI rdru d kd vGwv f yfpmG pHpk rf;tuJ jzwfciG ahf y;&ef etz tpd;k &tm; tqdðk yurf;vSr;f cJh
onf? xdu k rf;vSr;f csuu f kd etz wm0ef&o dS rl sm;u oabm rwlao;yg? -----------
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xyfrzH rf;qD;r_rsm; rjyKvky&f ef rdrt d aejzihf t}udr}f udraf wmif;qkcd aJh omfvnf; 2003
ckEpS /f arv(30) &ufae@ rSpI vl(250)cef@ zrf;qD;cHc&Jh onfqadk omowif;rsm; &&dcS o Jh nf?
od@k aomf 'Dy, J if;jzpf&yfEiS q fh ufE, G +f yD; zrf;qD;cH &olaygi;f (153)OD;&d+S yD;/ ‚if;wk@d xrJ S (109)
OD; jyefvnfvw G af jrmufvmcho J nf[k etz rS xkwjf yefa=unmcJo h nf? xkt d xJwiG f 2003
ckEpS /f Ek0d ifbmv (9)&ufae@wiG f jyefvnfvw $ af jrmufvmaom tusO;f om;(8)OD; vnf;
117
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twGuf ykrd rdk sm;jym;vsu&f aSd =umif; awG@&onf? ‚if;wk@d tm; c|i;f csurf &d/S csucf si;f v$waf y;
a&;onf wpku d rf wfrwfawmif;qkad eaom Ekid if aH &;tusO;f om;rsm;tm;vk;H vGwaf jrmufa&;
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tcgtm;avsmpf mG vGw+f ird ;f csr;f omcGit fh rde@f xkwjf yefrr_ sm;&dcS o
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arv (30)&ufae@jzpf&yfonf Ekid if t H wGi;f &Sd yuwdEidk if aH &;taetxm;rSeu f dk ,cifu
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f (12)&uf/ 2003 ckEpS w f iG f tar&duef Edik if jH cm;a&;0ef}uD; aumvif;yg0v
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(2) ZGevf (5)&ufae@wiG f bDbpD o D wif;Xmeod@k ajym=um;csu?f
(3) rav;&Sm;uDeD tifwmeufowif;pmESihf awG@qakH r;jref;jcif;?
(4) 25-6-2003 &ufae@wiG f pDtiftif &kyjf rifo=H um;rS xkwv f iG chf su/f /
(5) 15-6-2003 tmpD,H Edik if jH cm;a&;0ef}uD;rsm;. xkwjf yefausnmcsu?f
(6) 23-6-2003 pwm; tGev f ikd ;f tifwmeufowif;pmESihf awG@qakH r;jref;cef;
(7) Zlvikd v
f (6)&ufae@ &ufpyJG g SPR Strait Time ESihf awG@qakH r;jref;cef;?
(8) The Nation News Paper, 21-6-2003 , Radio Free Asia.
(9) zEGr;f yif/ attufzyf /D 17-6-2003
(10) tif'ekd ;D &Sm; Edik if jH cm;a&;0ef}uD;. ajymcGi&hf yk*Ld~ vf rpPwm emwmvD0g0g. ajym=um;csu?f 28-6-
2003 *sumwmyd@k pf owif;pm/
119
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8? aumfr&Sit f aejzifh jynfwiG ;f jynfyrS 'Dru kd a&pDa&;v_y&f mS ;wufºuGol tcsK@d / vl@tcGit hf a&;tzG@J tpnf;
tcsK@d / Edik if aH &;tiftm;pktcsKd @EiS hf owif;XmetcsKd @w@kd . yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G rf j_ zifh wwfEikd o f r# óud;pm;v#u&f dS
aomfvnf;/ ajrmfreS ;f oavmuf c&D;ra&muf&EdS ikd af o;yg? jynfwiG ;f &Sd jynfov l x l Ek iS hf Edik if w
H uma&muf 'Dru kd a&pD
a&;tiftm;pkrsm;/ wdik ;f &if;om;tiftm;pkrsm;. yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G rf u
_ /kd ,ckxuf tqrsm;pGm&&S&d ef vdt k yfae
ygonf? owif; tcsut f vufrsm;/ oufaoxGucf surf sm;/ oufaocHcsurf sm;/ ,ckxufyI kd tqrsm;pGm
&&Srd o
S m/ trSew f &m;udk ydI
k jynfph pkH mG azmfxw
k Ef ikd yf grnf? od@k ro
S m/ ukvor*~vòkH cHa&;aumifpo D @kd wifoiG ;f jcif;
tygt0if/ Edik if w H umwGif xda&mufaomta&;,laqmif&u G rf KS rsm; jyKEdik af &;twGuv f nf; enf;vrf;rsm;&Sm
}uHEdkifygrnf?
9? aumfr&Sit f aejzifh jynfwiG ;f &Sv d x

l wk &yfv;kH ESihf Edik if w
H umod@k / atmufygtwdik ;f yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G =f u
yg&ef arwWm&yfcyH ef=um;ygonf?
(u) xdcu kd ef pfemaom um,uH&iS rf sm;/ aysmufq;kH v#u&f o dS rl sm;twGu/f rdom;pkrsm;u &J&ifph mG jzifh
oufqikd &f m &Jpcef;rsm;/ w&m;&k;H rsm;wGif w&m;0iftr_ziG +hf yD; wdik =f um;=uyg&ef/ ,if;od@k qmif&u G Ef ikd af &;twGu/f
Oya'ynm&Sirf sm;/ a&S@aetoif;rsm;rS vdt k yfaomtultnDrsm;ay;=uyg&ef/ wdik cf suzf iG t hf a&;,laqmif&u G f
&ef&v
dS #i/f wdik cf surf zGirhf D jzpfap/ zGi+hf yD;aemuf jzpfap owif;Xmersm;od@k owif;rsm;ay;yd@k =uyg&ef?
(c) etz. &Jpcef;/ w&m;&H;k rsm;wGif wdik cf suzf iG &hf efr0H&h aJ om/ xdcu kd ef pfemaom um,uH&iS rf sm;/
123
rsujf rifoufaorsm;on/f rdrw d @kd aumfr&Six f H tao;pdyx f u G q f ckd surf sm; ud, k wf ikd v
f ma&muf ay;tyfjcif;jzifh
vnf;aumif;/ tcsK@d ta&;}uD;aomoufaorsm;rSm/ rdrw d @kd aumfr&Si. f tultnDjzif/h Edik if w H um Edik if rH sm;wGif
oGm;a&mufI/ 'Dru kd a&pDEikd if rH sm;. v$waf wmfrsm;a&S@arSmufwiG v f nf;aumif;/ Edik if w H umowif;Xmersm;.
a&S@arSmufwiG v f nf;aumif;/ trSew f &m;udk wurBmvH;k ydrk o kd &d vdS matmif zGichf sazmfxw k af y;=uyg&ef?
(*) etz. &Jpcef;/ w&m;&H;k rsm;wGiw f ikd cf suzf iG &hf ef r0H&h /J rdrw d @kd aumfr&SiEf iS v hf ufwJG yl;aygi;f um/
Edik if wH umu od&v dS matmifprG ;f aqmifomG ;Edik &f efvnf; tcuftcJ&adS om epfemolum,uH&iS rf sm;/ rsujf rif
oufaorsm;onf/ jrefrmEdik if t H wGi;f &Sd 'Dru kd a&pDEikd if rH sm;rSo&H ;kH rsm;/ Edik if w H umtzG@J tpnf;rsm;/ Oya'qdik &f m
tzG@J tpnf;rsm;/ Oya'ynm&Sirf sm;a&S@arSmufo@kd oGm;a&mufum xGuq f ckd suf tao;pdyrf sm;udk pmjzifah &;om;+yD;/
rdr. d "mwfyEkH iS whf uG rSww f rf;jyKpk vufrw S af &;xd;k um/ rdrw d @kd aumfr&Six f t H a&muf/ enf;rsKd ;pHjk zifyh @kd aqmifay;
tyf=uyg&ef?
(C) txufygenf;vrf;rsm;twdik ;f vkyaf qmif&efyifv#if tcuftcJ&adS om/ epfemol um,uH&iS rf sm;/
rsujf rifoufaorsm;onf/ owif;Xmersm;ESiq hf ufo, G u f m/ rdrw d @kd . xGuq f ckd sut f jynft h pHu k kd toHjzifh ay;tyf
=uyg&ef?
(i) 'Dy, J if;vky=f uHrE_ iS o hf ufqikd o f nfh oufaocHtaxmuftxm;/ "gwyf /kH AG'D , D kd rSww f rf;/ pm&Gupf m
wrf;ESihf tjcm;rSww f rf;rSw&f mrsm;udk rdrw d @kd aumfr&Siv f uf0,fo@kd a&muf&o dS nftxd/ enf;vrf;aygi;f pH&k mS }uHI
ay;ydk@=uyg&ef?
(C) 'Dy, J if;vky}f uHr}_ uD;ESiphf yfv#O;f I/ trSew f &m;ESihf wm0ef&rdS u _ akd zmfxw k tf a&;,la&;udk vdv k m;
aom/ jynfwiG ;f jynfy&Sd Oya'ynm&Sirf sm;/ tjcm;ynm&Sirf sm;/ vl@tcGit hf a&;tzG@J tpnf;rsm;/ tpd;k &rsm;/
Edik if aH &;acgi;f aqmifrsm;/ Edik if aH &;tzG@J tpnf;rsm;/ vlxt k oif;tzG@J rsm;/ 'Dru kd a&pDa&; wufºuGvKS yf&mS ;olrsm;
onf/ ukvor*~ taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;csKyfxH vdyfrlI/ pmjzifha&;om;ay;ydk@wdkifwef;jcif;/ arwWm&yfcHjcif;
tm;jzifh ukvor*~vjkH cHKa&;aumifprD /S 'Dy, J if;vky}f uHrt _ ay: pHpk rf;ppfaq;a&;aumfr&Siaf pv$wEf ikd af p&efvnf;
aumif;/ Edik if w H umjypfrq _ ikd &f mOya'rsm;ESit hf nD oifah vsmo f vdk cH&k ;kH rsm;zG@J pnf; ta&;,lvmEdik af p&efvnf;
aumif;/ 0dik ;f 0ef;óud;yrf;ay;=uyg&ef rdrw d @kd aumfr&Sirf S av;eufpmG arwWm&yfcyH ef=um;tyfygonf?
'DyJ,if;vkyf}uHr_ta&;,laqmif¶Gufa&;aumfr&Sif/
2003 ckEpS /f =o*kwv
f (30)&uf/
1365 ckEpS /f awmfovif;vqef; (4)&uf?
For more information, please contact U Aung Htoo, Coordinator, Ad Hoc Commission on Depayin
Massacre. Tel (66) (01) 487 0262 (or) (66) (07) 206 9
1 Riot
2 Massacre
3 Depayin Massacre
4 Premeditated Attack
5 Organized Crime
6 Crime Against Humanity
7 Pre-condition
124

jrefrmEkdifiH vl@tcGifhta&;qdkif&m ukvor*~ txl;udk,fpm;vS,f ygarmuQ yDnJ&dk;.

jrefrmEkdifiH c&D;pOfESifhpyfvsOf;I jynfolvlxkodk harwWm&yfcH yef=um;csuf
1? jrefrmedik if YH arv(30)&ufae@ 'Dy, J if; vky=f uHr}_ uD;jzpfymG ;+yD;aemuf ig;vausmrf # =umjrifch +hJ yD jzpfaomf
vnf; etz ppftpd;k &onf wm0ef&o dS rl sm;udk azmfxw k t
f jypfay;jcif; rjyK&Ho k mru aumfr&Siw f &yf zG@J pnf;apI
vlxk wpHw k &mauseyfvufcaH tmif o¾meft&yif pHpk rf;ppfaq;jcif; tv#O;f r&Sad cs? Tr# }uD;rm;aomvky}f uH
r_ukd arv(30)&ufae@ n(12)em&Dcef@wiG f t+y;D owfusL;vGecf +hJy;D em&Daygi;f (16)em&Dcef t h =um aemuf wae@ naewGif
óuwd ifjyifqifpak qmif;xm;aom tcsut f vufrsm;udk udik pf I JG owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGjJ yKvkyjf cif;/ etz onf ‚if;&Si;f
vif;yGyJ g tcsut f vufrsm;twdik ;f om ,ae@tcsed t f xd awmufavsmuf&iS ;f vif;aejcif;rsm;rSvI JG rnfo@kd r#
xl;jcm;wd;k wufvmr_ r&Sad jc? TonfrmS 'Dy, J if;vky=f urH }_ u;D Y epfemcHpm;cJ&h ol um,uH&iS rf sm;twGuf w&m;r#
wr_ukd rsuu f ,
G jf yKjcif;jzpf&o
kH mru vl@tzG@J tpnf;w&yfv;kH . +ird ;f csr;f r_/ wnf+ird rf /_ vGwv f yfru _ kd tmrcHcsuaf y;
onfh w&m;Oya' pd;k rd;k a&;tajccHukd ajymifajymifwif;wif; zsuq f ;D vdu
k jf cif;jzpfonf?
2? 'Dy, J if; vky=f uHr}_ uD;rSm wdik ;f jynftyk cf sLyfa&; ,E , W m;rsm;udk toH;k jyKI ppftm%mydik rf sm;u ‚if;wd@k
a&&Snt f m%mwnf+rJa&; &nfreS ;f csujf zifh tpDtpOfwus usL;vGeaf om t=urf;zufrKS }uD; (State Terror-
ism) jzpfojzifh }uD;rm;+yD; a=umufrufz, G af umif;ayonf? T vky}f uHr}_ uD;eSiphf yfvsO;f I trSew f &m;udk azmf
xkwu f m wm0ef&o dS rl sm;tm; xdu k o
f nft h m;av#mpf mG ta&;,ljcif; rjyKEkid o f r#umvywfv;kH ppftm%mydik rf sm;
u ‚if;wd@k tm%mwnfjrJa&;udk qef@usit f wdu
k tf cHjyKvmol[k ,lqaom rnfo@l ukd rqd/k rnfonft h zG@J
tpnf;udk rqdk 'Dy, J if; vky}f urH x _ uf ydrk q kd ;kd &Gm;&ufpufaomt=urf;zufrKS rsm;udk qufvufusL;vGeu f m tjyif;
txef zdeydS af wmhrnfrmS taotcsmyif jzpfayonf? odk jh zpfI aemifwiG f Tjzpf&yfrsK;d rnfonft h cgwiG rf #
vl t
h zGJ th pnf;Y xyfrH rjzpfymG ;ap&ef 'Dy, J if;vky=f uHr}_ uD;eSihf pyfv#O;f I wurBmvH;k odatmif tjzpfreS u f kd
azmfxw k w f ifjyum wdu k &f u
kd f wm0ef&o dS rl sm;tm; ta&;,lciG &hf Ekid af pa&;twGuf 0dik ;f 0ef;óu;d yrf;=u&efrmS vlwikd ;f
rjzpfrae xrf;aqmifoifah omwm0ef jzpfvmygonf?
125
3? 'Dy,
J if;vky=f uHr}_ uD;udk pHpk rf;edik af &;twGuf urBmu h vk or*~tzG@J csKyf}uD;rS vGwv f yfonfh pHpk rf;ppfaq;
a&;tzG@J ukd apv$wpf pfaq;I trSew f &m;udak zmfxw k af y;&efawmif;qd=k uaom jynfwiG ;f rS jynfaxmifpw k ikd ;f
&if;om;vlrsK;d rsm; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf}u;D ESi/hf v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftzG@J 0ifrsm;/
Ekid if aH &;acgi;f aqmifrsm;udk rdrw d @kd aumfr&Sirf S rSww f if;wiftyfygonf? od@k &mwGif Tr#EiS hf rvHak vmufao;
a=umif; wifjyvkyd gonf? vlig;axmifcef u h &ufpufpmG usL;vGecf hJ +yD; vl tajrmuftrsm; aoa=u/ b0ysupf ;D
t}uD;tus,f xdcu kd ef pfem qH;k ±_;H r_rsm;&Scd ahJ omfvnf; vlxw k &yfv;kH eSihf edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;/ vl@tcGihf
ta&; v_y&f mS ;wufºuo G rl sm;. jyefvnfwek @f jyef ta&;,laqmif&u G rf r_ mS tm;&avmufb, G f xda&mufr_ r&Sad o;
yg? ukvor*~u, kd pf m; jrefrmEkid if EH iS phf yfv#O;f I vl t h cGit hf a&; twGuf wm0eft&Sq d ;kH yk*Kd~ vfjzpfaom ygarmuQ
yifa[;&d;k wywf=umr#vma&mufum vl@tcGit hf a&;tajctaersm;udak vhvmpHpk rf;onht f csed w
f iG f atmufyg
twdik ;f 0dik ;f 0ef;aqmif&u G af y;=uyg&ef rdrw d @kd aumfr&Sirf S tav;teuf arwWm&yfcw H ifjytyfygonf?
(u) vmrnhf Ek0d ifbmv (12)&ufae@wiG f ukvor*~Y ygarmuQ yDn&J ;kd rS jrefrmEkid if H vl@tcGit hf a&;
tajctaersm;eSiphf yfvsO;f I wifjy&mwGif 'Dy, J if;vky=f uHr}_ uD; ESiphf yfvsO;f I tjynft h pHw
k ifjycGi&hf Ekid af &;twGuf
rdrw
d @kd o&d x
dS m;aom owif;tcsut f vufreS o
f r#ukd enf;vrf;rsK;d pHu k t
kd oH;k jyKI ygarmuQ yDn&J ;kd . vuf0,f
odk ah &muf&adS tmif ay;ydk =h uyg&ef?
(c) ukvor*~ vHòk cHa&;aumifpD taejzifh ‚if;.vkyyf ikd cf iG t hf m%mudt k oH;k jyKv#uf vGwv
f yfaom
pHpk rf;ppfaq;a&;aumfr&Siw f &yf zGJ ph nf;apv$wef ikd af &;twGuf ygarmuQ yDn&J ;kd rSwqifh ukvor*~ taxGaxG
twGi;f a&;rª;csLyfxH wdu
k &f u
kd f pmjzifah &;om;ay;ydk u h m arwWm&yfcaH y;=uyg&ef?
(*) 'Dy,
J if;vky}f uHr}_ uD;eSiphf yfvsO;f I trSew
f &m; azmfxw k Ef idk &f ef rdrw
d @kd wOD;csi;f od@k r[kwf tzGJ t
h pnf;
tvku
d f óud;yrf;pGr;f aqmifrr_ sm;udk owif;Xmersm;odk x h wk jf yefay;=uyg&ef?
'DyJ,if; vkyf=uHrSK ta&;,laqmif&Gufa&;aumfr&Sif

ed0k bFmv (1) &uf 2003 ckepS f
tao;pdyfqufvufod&SdvdkygvSsif
aumfr&Si.
f Coordinator OD;atmifx;l (66) (01) 487 0262 odk q
h ufo,
G yf g&ef
126

'DyJ,if;vkyf=uHr_ jzpfyGm;I ajcmufvjynfh+yD;onfhae hwGif

jynfwGif;&Sd jynfolvlxkrsm;ESifh EkdifiHwumodk haumfr&Sif.wifjycsufESifh arwWm&yfcHcsuf
1? ukvor*~ txl;ud, k pf m;vnf ygarmuQ ay:vdq k m*s,

D kd yDn&J ;kd onf vl t
h cGit
hf a&;tajctaersm; ESiphf yfvsO;f I
jrefrmEkid if o
H @kd oGm;a&mufppkH rf;+y;D aemuf 2003 ckEpS f Ek0d ifbmv(12)&ufae@wiG f (58) }urd af jrmuf urBmu h v k or*~
taxGaxGnv D mcH wwd,aumfrw D o
D kd t
h pD&ifcpH m wifoiG ;f &mwGif 'Dy, J if;vky=f uHr}_ uD;tay: atmufygu@J o@kd
aom ed*;kH csKycf surf sK;d udk jyKvyk I
f ,if; jzpf&yf}u;D tm; vGwv f yfpmG pHpk rf;ppfaq;r_jyKvyk &f ef vdt
k yfa=umif;jzifh wifjy
oGm;cJo
h nf?
“tpd;k &tm%mydik rf sm;u yl;aygi;f =upH nfaqmif&u

G w
f mrsKd ; r[kwv
f #if 'Dy,
J if;jzpf&yfjzpfymG ;Ekid pf &m r&Sb
d ;l qdk
onft
h csuu f v
kd ufcEH ikd af vmufatmifjrifomonfh oufaocHtaxmuftxm;awG &Sad e+yDv@kd usaemf ajymEkid f
w,f”
“ I can say that there is a prima facie evidence that the Depayin incident
could not have happened without the connivance of State agents. ”
2? 'Dy, J if;vky=f uHr}_ uD;udk usL;vGe&f ef óudwifoifwef;yd@k csrr_ sm; jyKvkyjf cif;/ vufeufrsm;udk pepfwusa&G;
cs,f udik af qmifjcif;/ tcsed u f mveSio hf wfuiG ;f rsm;udk pepfwus a&G;cs,jf yifqifum wdu k cf u kd af csrKS ef;jcif;/ vuf
eufuikd w f yfzJG rh sm;om toH;k jyKavh&adS om trdef ah y;enf;pepfrsm;udk toH;k jyKjcif;/ vky=f urH nfv h Ol ;D a& ig;axmifcef@
udk tuGuu f sus pDpOfxm;&Su d sL;vGejf cif;/ oufaocHtaxmuftxm;rsm;udk azsmufzsujf cifEiS hf jyKjyifzefw;D rSKrsm;
jyKvkyjf cif;/ rsujf rifoufaorsm;ESihf '%f&m&olrsm;tm; zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;/owfuiG ;f ESihf teD;qH;k ae&mwGif
Adv
k rf ;ª tqif&h o dS l wOD;eSihf 'Dy,J if; &Jpcef;rª;wOD;wd@k u, kd wf ikd f vky=f uHrnfo
h rl sm;tm; }uD;=uyfuyG u f aJ eonfukd
jrifawG ch &hJ onfh oufaorsm;&Sjd cif; tp&Sad om ta=umif;tcsurf sm;udk tajccHum 'Dy, J if;vky=f uHr}_ uD;rSm
a':atmifqef;pk=unf tygt0if xdpk Ofu twlvu kd yf gomG ;=uaomtrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tzJ@G 0ifrsm;udk
taovkyf=uHum trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ hcsKyf udk tjywfajcr_ef;vdkonfh oabmjzifh pepfwus tpDtpOf&Sd&Sd
usL;vGefcJhonfh &mZ0wfr_}uD; jzpfonf [k ig;vausmfr#umvtwGif; rdrdwdk@pHkprf;ppfaq;awG@&Sd&aom
owif;tcsut f vufrsm;/ vloufaorsm;.xGuq f ckd surf sm;udk tajccHum rdrw d @kd aumfr&Sit f aejzifh oH;k oyf
onf? aumfr&Si. f 'kw,
d t}urd f y%mr tpD&ifcpH mudv k nf; r=umrD umvtwGi;f rSmyif jynfwiG ;f &Sjd ynforl sm;
eSihf wurBmvH;k odk x h yfrjH zef@a0um tpD&ifcw H ifjyoGm;ygrnf?
127
3? 'Dy,J if;vky=f uHr}_ uD;twGi;f aoqH;k / aysmufq;kH / '%f&m&/ b0 xdcu kd ef pfemysupf ;D =uonfh yk*Kd~ vfO;D a&
rSm &0rf'gEiS hf ,l*q
kd vm;AD,m;Ekid if rH sm;rSmuJo h kd h rsm;jym;jcif; r&Sad omfvnf; t"duusaom atmufygtcsurf sm;
udk ta=umif;jyKI 'Dy, J if;vky=f uHr}_ uD;rSm vlom;tjzpf touf&iS f &yfwnf&iS o f efru_ kd qef@usio
f nhjf ypfr_
(Crime Against Humanity) ajrmufei kd af =umif; oH;k oyfawG@&&dS onf?
(u) ajymif;vJvmaom Edik if w H umOya'. t"dyg` ,zf iG q hf ckd surf sm;t& ppfyu JG mvtwGi;f usL;vGef
onfh ppf&mZ0wfrr_ sm;eSiq hf ufpyfa=umif; jyo&ef rvdak wmhbJ t&yfom;jynfot l ajrmuftrsm;udk qef@usif
usL;vGeo f nfh jypfre_ iS hf tóuH;0ifaejcif;?
(The nexus is unnecessary and gross human rights violations in peacetime are as criminal
as those during armed conflict.)
(c) pepfwus óudwifjyifqifum t&yfom;vltyk pf t
k m; wdwu
d susypfrw
S x
f m;I usL;vGeaf om
jypfr_}uD;jzpfjcif;?
(The second distinguishing feature of crimes against humanity is that they be committed in a
planned, systematic manner insofar as they are directed against a specific 'civilian population' and
not merely random individuals.)
(*) edik if aH &; &nfreS ;f csujf zifh usL;vGeaf om jypfr}_ uD;jzpfjcif;?
(For crime against humanity, it must be demonstrated that the defendant targeted the vic-
tims specifically based on their social, political, racial, religious, or other attributes.)
( C) jypfru _ sL;vGecf &H onfh vlta&twGurf mS }uD;rm;vSjcif; &Scd sirf S &Srd nfjzpfaomfvnf; t&yfom;
vlxw
k &yfv;kH udk t}uD;tus,f xdwv f ef ah jcmufjcm;oGm;ap&ef usL;vGeof nfh jypfr}_ uD;jzpfjcif;?
( To intimidate the entire 'civilian population')
4? tm%m&Sif tkycf sKyfra_ tmufrS 'Dru kd a&pDEidk if t H jzpfokd Eh idk if aH &;t& awG@qakH qG;aEG; oabmwlncD surf sm;
&,lum toGiu f ;l ajymif;&efóu;d yrf;=uaomEkid if rH sm;Y tm%m&Sirf sm;eSihf 'Dru kd a&pDEidk if aH &;tiftm;pkrsm; edik if aH &;
t& rnfokd yh ifoabmwln=D uonfjzpfap Edik if w H um Oya't& atmufyg jypfrr_ sm;udk vGw+f idr;f csr;f omcGihf
ay;ydik cf iG hf r&S/d w&m;Oya'ESit hf nD cGivhf w $ cf iG hf r&S/d oifyek ;f acsciG hf r&S/d jypfru
_ sL;vGe&f mY wm0ef&o dS rl sm;udk
Oya'eSit hf nD ta&;,laqmif&u G =f u&rnfjzpfonf?
(1) vlrsK;d wk;H owfjzwfru _ kd tjypfay;jcif;ESihf umuG,jf cif;qdik &f moabmwlncD sut f & vlrsK;d wke;f owf
jzwfr_ (Genocide)
(2) eSyd pf ufnOf;yrf;r_ eSihf tjcm;aom&ufpuf=urf;óuwfI vlrqef/ vl *h % k o f u d mQ udk nd;_ EGr;f apaom
qufqrH r_ sm;udk qef@usi&f ef jypf'%fp&D if&ef oabmwlncD sut f & eSyd pf ufnOf;yrf;r_
(Convention Against Torture)
(3) vlom;tjzpf touf&iS &f yfwnf&iS o
f efrKS udk qef u
h siu
f sL;vGeaf omjypfr_
(Crime Against Humanity)
(4) (*seD AD m oabmwlncD suu
f kd csLd ;azguu
f sL;vGeaf om) ppf&mZ0wfr_ (War Crime)
128
r=umao;cifepS rf sm;twGi;f ukvor*~u qDvm&D,eG ;f Ekid if t

H m; !$e=f um;cJo
h nfjh zpf&yfrsm;u ,if; tcsuf
udk oufaocHv#u&f o dS nf?
5? 'Dy,J if;vky=f uHr}_ uD;ESiphf yfvsO;f I wm0ef&o

dS rl sm;udk azmfxw k t
f a&;,l&ef óud;yrf;aqmif&u G rf r_ sm;onf
(u) rsuaf rSmufwiG af &m tem*wfumvwGiyf g tjypfrEhJ idk if o H m;rSeo f r#ukd Ekid if t
H pd;k &u Oya'rJh
qef@usiu f sL;vGerf nfh aemufxyf tvm;wljypfrr_ sKd ; xyfrjH zpfymG ;jcif;r&Sad p&ef wm;qD;umuG,o f nfo h abm
a&mufyg onf? (To prevent repeated heinous crimes)
(c) aoqH;k / aysmufq;kH / tzrf;tqD;cH&/ b0xdcu kd ef pfemysupf ;D qH;k &_;H =u&aom tjypfrjhJ ynforl sm;
twGuf w&m;r#wr_ &SmazGay;&ma&mufygonf? (Justice for the Victims)
(*) tem*wfv@l tzG@J tpnf;wGif +idr;f csr;f r_/ wnf+idrrf /_ vGwv f yfre_ iS hf w&m;r#wr_ukd tmrcHcsu&f &Sd
aprnfh rnfo@kd aom wdik ;f jynftyk cf sKyfa&;,E , W m;rsm; &So d ifo h nf[al omtcsurf sm;udk pOf;pm;azmfaqmifvm
apedik yf gonf? (Institutional Reform)
6? tqdyk gta=umif;tcsurf sm;udk axmufxm;v#uf 'Dy, J if;vky=f uHr}_ uD;eSihf pyfvsO;f I aumfr&Sit
f aejzifh
jynfwiG ;f &Sd jynfov
l x
l rk sm;tm;vH;k eSihf edik if w
H umodk ah tmufygtwdik ;f arwWm&yfcH yef=um;tyfygonf?
(u) jrefrmedik if H 'Dru kd a&pDeiS hf wdik ;f &if;om;tcGit hf a&;rsm;twGuóf ud;yrf;aqmif&u G v f #u&f =dS uaom
edkifiHa&;acgif;aqmifrsm;/ tzGJ htpnf;rsm;/ tiftm;pkrsm;rS OD;aqmifum ukvor*~vHkjcHKa&;aumifpDrSaeI
'Dy, J if;vky=f uHr}_ uD;eSihf pyfvsO;f +yD; Ekid if w
H umpHpk rf;ppfaq;a&;aumfr&Siw f &yf apv$wEf idk af &;twGuf óud;yrf;
aqmif&Gufay;=uyg&ef?
(c) 'Dy, J if;vky=f uHr}_ uD;eSihf pyfvsO;f ItrSew f &m;udk ydrk jkd ynfph pkH mG azmfxw k af y;edik rf nfo h ufaorsm;/
oufaocHtaxmuftxm;rsm;/ owif;tcsut f vufrsm;/ ydrk &kd &Sad &;Ekid if w H umESihf ukvor*~okd h pepfwus
wifjyEkid af &;wk@d twGuf jynfwiG ;f &Sd epfemolum,uH&iS rf sm;/ rsujf rifoufaorsm;/ tcsi;f jzpfcsed w f iG f &Sad e=uaom
jynforl sm;/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyfrS tqifq h ifah om acgi;f aqmifrsm;/ vGw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;/ Oya'
ynm&Sirf sm;/ w&m;r#wr_twGuf v_y&f mS ; wufºuG=uolrsm;onf jynfwiG ;f &Sd Ekid if w H umtzG@J tpnf;rsm;/ jynf
wGi;f jynfy owif;Xmersm;ESihf yl;aygi;f um pkaqmif;ay;yd@k jzef@a0=uyg&ef?
(*) Ekid if w
H um Edik if rH sm;Y 'Dy, J if;v_y&f mS ;r_aumfrwD (Depayin Campaign Committee)rsm; zJ@G pnf;
aqmif&u G jf cif;tygt0if Ekid if w H umqufo, G rf u_ eG , f ufrsm;/ jynfwiG ;f qufo, G rf u
_ eG ,
f ufrsm; zG@J pnf;wnf
aqmufI Ekid if w H um pHpk rf;ppfaq;a&;aumfr&Siw f &yfrS 'Dy, J if;jzpf&yfreS }f uD; ay:ayguv f m+yD; wm0ef&o dS rl sm;udk
xdu k o f nft h m;avsmpf mG ta&;,laqmif&u G v f mEkid af ponftxd 0dik ;f 0ef;óud;yrf;=uyg&ef?
'DyJ,if;vkyf=uHr_ta&;,laqmif&Gufa&; aumfr&Sif
edk0bFmv (30) &uf 2003 ckeSpf
129
aemufqufwJGrsm;
(1) "gwyf rkH sm;/'%f&m&olrsm;/ vlaysmuf/

aoqH;k olrsm;ESihf armfawmf,mOf pm&if;rsm; --------------------------- ( 130 )
(2) trsKd ;om;'Dru

kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf.
xkwjf yefa=unmcsurf sm; ---------------------------------------- ( 140 )
(3) a':atmifqef;pk=unf. owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGEJ iS hf

2003 ckEpS f arv(29)&ufae@n rk±H mG òrd@wiG f ajym=um;onfrh ed @f ceG ;f ---------------- ( 154 )
(4) etz . owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGrJ &l if;rsm; -------------------------------- ( 169 )
(5) aZmfaZmfatmif/ udak usmv f iG /f rE aW v;wkid ;f trsK;d om;'Dru

dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyf
tzJ@G 0if trsK;d orD;wOD;wd@k . Edik if w
H um toHvi$ Xhf mersm;ESihf
qufoG,far;jref;csufrsm; -------------------------------------- ( 178 )
(6) &efuek w f idk ;f / urm±Gwòf rd@e,f trsK;d om;'Dru

dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyf tzJ@G 0if
ukpd ;dk oef;. oufaoxGuq f cdk suf ---------------------------------- ( 192 )
(7) 2003 ckEpS /f Ek0d ifbmv (18)&ufaeŒwGif usi;f yaom

(58)}udraf jrmuf ukvor*~taxGaxGnv D mcHrS
jrefrmEkid if .
H vlŒtcGit S af om qk;H jzwfcsurf sm; -- ( 201 )
hf a&;tajctaeESihf pyfvsO;f Icsrw
130
'Dy,
J if;vky}f uHrt
+ wGi;f Y xdcu
dk 'f %f&m& zrf;qD;cH&olrsm;
a':atmifqef;pk=unf
taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;
trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyf
ol& OD;wifO;D
'kw,d OuUÏ
trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKKyf
a':wifjrifh
rE aW v; (taemufawmifòrd@e,f)
pnf;±kH;a&;aumfrwD0if
a':0if;jrjr
rE aW v; (taemufajrmufòrd@e,f)
rE aW v;wkid ;f pnf;±k;H a&;aumfrwD0if
rcifrrxGef;
rE aW v; (ta&S@ajrmufòrd@e,f)
trsK;d orD;tzJ@G 0if â
131
ukd0if;ckdif
vli,ftzJG@0if
a'guw
f m vSp;dk !Ge@f
rE aW v;wkid ;f / pOf@uidk òf rd@e,f
trSw(f 1) jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f
ukdrsKd;Ekdif
rE aW v;wkid ;f pnf;±k;H a&;aumfrwD0if
ukdjrifharmf
vli,ftzJG@0if
ukdausmfrsKd;ol
vli,ftzJG@0iff
132
'Dy,
J if;vky}f uHrt
+ wGi;f Y xdcu
ukdvSOD;
rE aW v; (taemufajrmufòrd@e,f) OD;xGe;f 0if;
pnf;±k;H a&;aumfrwD0if rE aW v; (aps;csK)fd
OD;cifarmifaomif; ukdrsKd;wifh
rE aW v; (taemufawmifòrd@e,f) rE aW v; (taemufawmifòrd@e,f)
pnf;±k;H a&;aumfrwD0if vli,ftzJG@0if
133
'Dy,
J if;vky}f uHrt
+ wGi;f Y xdcu
OD;wifatmifatmif
armifp;dk rE aW v;wkid ;f taemufajrmufòrd@e,f
rE aW v; (ta&S@awmifòrd@e,f) trSwf(1)rJqENe,fajr
xGefwkH;òrd@opf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf uk,
d pf m;vS,f
ukrd if;vGif
vli,fpnf;±kH;a&;wm0efcH
ukdausmfausmfrkd;
134
'Dy,
J if;vky}f uHrt + wGi;f Y xdcu
dk 'f %f&m& zrf;qD;cHc& hJ onfh
trsKD;om;'Drudk a&pDtzJcŒG sKyf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL; a':atmifqef;pk-unf.
teD;uyfvòHk cHa&;tzJ0 ŒG ifrsm;xJrS tcsKdŒ
ukjd rifah usmf

&efuek w
f idk ;f (wmarGòrd@e,f) ukdxGef;aZmfaZmf
pnf;±k;H a&;aumfrwD0if tzJ@G csKyf A[kv
d il ,f
A[kdvkHòcHa&;tzJG@0if A[kv
d òHk cHa&; wm0efcH
ukdxGef;jrifh
&efuek w
f idk ;f (A[ef;òrd@e,f) ukdwkd;vGif
twGif;a&;rª; vli,fwm0efcH
A[kdvkHòcHa&;tzJG@0if {&m0wDwkdif;
135
'Dy,
J if;vky}f uHrt + wGi;f Y xdcu
dk 'f %f&m& zrf;qD;cHc& hJ onfh
trsKD;om;'Drudk a&pDtzJcŒG sKyf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL; a':atmifqef;pk-unf.
teD;uyfvòHk cHa&;tzJ0 ŒG ifrsm;xJrS tcsKdŒ
uko d ef;xGe;f
&efuek w
f idk ;f (urm±Gwòf rd@e,f)
pnf;±k;H a&;aumfrwD0if
A[kdvkHòcHa&;tzJG@0if
uko d ed ;f pk;d
&efuek w
f idk ;f (&efuif;òrd@e,f) ukrd ;dk aomf (ac: ) ayguaf yguf
pnf;±k;H a&;aumfrwD0if A[kv d il ,f vkòH cHa&;tzJ@G 0if
A[kdvkHòcHa&;tzJG@0if
136
'Dy,
J if;vky}f uHrt
_ wGi;f aoqH;k oGm;=uolrsm;?
pOf? trnf wm0ef ae&yf rSwfcsuf

1? OD;wifarmifO;D "gwyf q
kH &m yGcJ si;f +yD;aoqH;k
2? udok ed ;f wd;k at; yGcJ si;f +yD;aoqH;k
3? udpk ef;jrif(h c)&m*sL; ,mOfarmif; yGcJ si;f +yD;aoqH;k
4? OD;xGe;f atmifausmf ausmif;q&m rH¶k mG tcif;jzpfpOfu&¶Scd o hJ nfh '%f&mrsm;tm; aq;0g;uko aepOf pufwifbmvqef;ydik ;f
wGiu f , G vf eG f
rSwcf su?f ? pm&if;t&w&m;0ifvu kd yf gomG ;olrsm;xJrS aoqH;k olpm&if;jzpfygonf? rE aW v;rStcif;jzpf ae&mtxd vrf;c&D;wav#mufrv S ukd yf gco
hJ rl sm;/
a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS t
hf zG@J tm;vma&mufq;D }udKE_wq f uf =uonfh a'ocHjynforl sm;/ tcif;jzpfymG ;pOfwiG f t=urf;zuf¶u
kd Ef u
S o
f wfjzwfccH &hJ ojzifah oqH;k ol
tajrmuf trsm;¶Syd gonf? rdrw d @kd aumfr¶Sit f aejzifv h ufvrS ;f rrDojzifh twdtuspm&if;aumuf,&l eftcuftcJ¶dS ygonf? qufo, G pf pkH rf;aeqJjzpfojzifh
wdusaocsmonfh pm&if;rsm;&¶So d nft h cg jznfph u G If qufvuf pm&if;xkwjf yef oGm;rnf jzpfygonf?
ukdodef;wkd;at;
137
138
'Dy,
J if;vky}f uHrw
_ iG f zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cHc&hJ olrsm;?
pOf? trnf wm0ef ae&yf rSwfcsuf

1? a':atmifqef;pk=unf taxGaxG twGi;f a&;rª; wuUov kd &f yd o
f mvrf;/ &efuek +f rdK@? tcif;jzpfymG ;+yD;aemuf
tif;pdet f usO;f axmifwiG f xde;f odr;f xm;&m
rSppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;pcef;wck wGiaf jymif;a¶$@
csKyfaESmifxm; cJ+h yD;/xde;f odr;f
xm;pOfcpJG w d u f ok r_c, H &l efvt kd yfvm
ojzift h m¶Sawmf0if aq;¶Hw k iG f wufa&muf
cGpJ w
d u
f o k r_c, H cl +hJ yD;aemuf ,cktcg
wuUov kd &f yd of mvrf;aetdrw f iG af etdrf
tus,cf sKyf csxm;jcif;cHae&ygonf?
2? OD;oG,f +rdK@e,fpnf; taemufajrmuf 2-7-03 &ufae@wiG f a¶$bkd axmifrjS yefvw G f
3? OD;atmifukd +rdK@e,fpnf; taemufajrmuf 18-7-03 &ufae@wiG f a¶$bkd axmifrjS yefvw G f

4? udo k ed ;f atmif vli,f taemufajrmuf 2-7-03 &ufae@wiG f a¶$bkd axmifrjS yefvw G f
5? udak t;0if; vli,f xGew
f ;Hk +rdK@opf 2-7-03 &ufae@wiG f a¶$bkd axmifrjS yefvw G f
6? udpk ;kd pd;k vli,f 2-7-03 &ufae@wiG f a¶$bkd axmifrjS yefvw G f
7? udak usmaf tmif twGi;f a&;rª; taemufajrmuf 18-7-03 &ufae@wiG f a¶$bkd axmifrjS yefvw G f
8? udak usmrf sKd ;ol vli,f taemufawmif 2-7-03 &ufae@wiG f a¶$bkd axmifrjS yefvw G f
9? udrk sKd ;wifh vli,f taemufawmif 18-7-03 &ufae@wiG f a¶$bkd axmifrjS yefvw G f
10? ud0k Àatmif vli,f taemufawmif 18-7-03 &ufae@wiG f a¶$bkd axmifrjS yefvw G f
11? udv k rS ;kd 0if; vli,f taemufawmif 18-7-03 &ufae@wiG f a¶$bkd axmifrjS yefvw G f
12? ud&k rJ if;aZmf(zd;k aZmf) vli,f taemufawmif 18-7-03 &ufae@wiG f a¶$bkd axmifrjS yefvw G f
13? rcifjr0if; +rdK@e,fpnf; taemufawmif 18-7-03 &ufae@wiG f a¶$bkd axmifrjS yefvw G f
14? a':wifjrifh +rdK@e,fpnf; taemufawmif 18-7-03 &ufae@wiG f a¶$bkd axmifrjS yefvw G f
15? udak tmifatmif vl@abmifopf 12-6-03 &ufae@wiG f a¶$bkd axmifrjS yefvw G /f jynfyxGuf cGmvm
16? udEk ikd Ef ikd f vl@abmifopf 12-6-03 &ufae@wiG f a¶$bkd axmifrjS yefvw G /f jynfyxGuf cGmvm
17? udrk sKd ;rif; vli,f taemufajrmuf 12-6-03 &ufae@wiG f a¶$bkd axmifrjS yefvw G f
18? a':0if;jrjr wdik ;f pnf;tzG@J 0if 13-10-03 &ufae@wiG f erc ppfaq;¶Hrk S a¶$bakd xmifo@kd y@kd
19? OD;pde&f D ,mOfarmif; 12-6-03 &ufae@wiG f a¶$bkd axmifrjS yefvw G f
20? OD;vSO;D twGi;f a&;rª; 9-11-03 &ufae@wiG f a¶$bkd axmifrjS yefvwG f
21? udo k ef;xGe;f OD; vli,f ta¶S@ajrmuf 18-7-03 &ufae@wiG f a¶$bkd axmifrjS yefvw G f
22? udak tmifEikd f vli,f ta¶S@ajrmuf 18-7-03 &ufae@wiG f a¶$bkd axmifrjS yefvw G f
23? udx k eG ;f xGe;f 0if; vli,f ta¶S@ajrmuf 18-7-03 &ufae@wiG f a¶$bkd axmifrjS yefvw G f
24? rcifrrxGe;f vli,f ta¶S@ajrmuf 2-7-03 &ufae@wiG f a¶$bkd axmifrjS yefvw
G f
25? r0if;tdjzL vli,f ta¶S@ajrmuf 18-7-03 &ufae@wiG f a¶$bkd axmifrjS yefvw G f
26? OD;vSjrifh OuUX tr&yl& a¶$bakd xmifYzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;
27? ud0k if;cdik f vli,f taemufajrmuf 18-7-03 &ufae@wiG f a¶$bkd axmifrjS yefvw G f
28? udn k n D aD tmif vli,f ta¶S@ajrmuf 18-7-03 &ufae@wiG f a¶$bkd axmifrjS yefvw G f
29? udak Z,smxGe;f vli,f taemufawmif 18-7-03 &ufae@wiG f a¶$bkd axmifrjS yefvw G f
30? OD;&Jjrifah tmif OuUX ta¶S@ajrmuf a¶$bakd xmifYzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;
31? OD;bmbm OuUX ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f a¶$bakd xmifYzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;
139
140
32? OD;xGe;f +rdKif twGi;f a&;rª; ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f a¶$bakd xmifYzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;
33? OD;apmvdi_ f v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f tif;awmf+rdK@e,frq J ENe,f a¶$bakd xmifY zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;
34? OD;jrif=h unf v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f uom+rdK@e,f rJqENe,f a¶$bakd xmifYzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;
35? OD;xGe;f a¶Smif +rdK@e,fpnf; rH¶k mG +rdK@ 2-7-03 &ufae@wiG f a¶$bkd axmifrjS yefvw G f
36? OD;atmifqef; OuUX bkwvif a¶$bakd xmifYzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;
37? OD;aomif;nGe@f ,mOfarmif; ta¶S@awmif 12-6-03 &ufae@wiG f a¶$bkd axmifrjS yefvw G f
38? OD;jrifOh ;D pnf;tzG@J 0if ta¶S@awmif 2-7-03 &ufae@wiG f a¶$bkd axmifrjS yefvw G f
39? OD;oef;aX; pnf;tzG@J 0if ta¶S@awmif 18-7-03 &ufae@wiG f a¶$bkd axmifrjS yefvw G f
40? OD;wifxÉG Of ;D v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f v,fa0;+rdK@e,f rJqENe,f a¶$bakd xmifYzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;
41? udw k ifvif; vli,f taemufajrmuf 18-7-03 &ufae@wiG f a¶$bkd axmifrjS yefvw G f
42? udak usmZf if0if; tzG@J csKyfvil ,f A[dv k il ,fv+kH cHKa&; a¶$bakd xmifYzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;
43? udak wZEdik f tzG@J 0if txufjrefrmjynf vli,fjyefvnfz@JG pnf;a&; 9-11-03 &ufae@wiG f a¶$bkd
axmifrjS yefvw G f
44? OD;atmifp;kd wdik ;f pnf;tzG@J 0if rE aW v;wdik ;f 9-11-03 &ufae@wiG f a¶$bkd axmifrjS yef vGwf
vmcJ+h yD;/ aemufwae@wiG f &Jpcef;rS
jyefvnfzrf;qD;
45? ol&-OD;wifO;D 'kw, d OuUX trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf A[dt k vkyf tr_aqmiftzG@J uav;axmifY zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;
46? OD;aygcif v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f jrif;+cH+rdK@e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 1) uav;axmifY zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;
47? OD;wifatmifatmif v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f rE aW v;taemufajruf +rdK@e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1 ) uav;axmifY
zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;
48? a'guw f m-0if;atmif OuUX cifO;D +rdK@e,f uav;axmifY zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;
49? udx
k eG ;f aZmfaZmf A[dv k il ,f jyefvnf zG@J pnf;a&; cE ;DW axmifrS 13-11-03 &ufae@wiG jf yefvw G f
50? udxk eG ;f jrifh +rdK@e,f twGi;f a&;rª; A[ef;+rdK@e,f cE ;DW axmifrS (2/ 12 / 2003)wGif vGwaf jrmuf
51? udw
k ;kd vGif iykawm+rdK@e,f cE ;DW axmifrS (2/ 12 / 2003)wGif vGwaf jrmuf
52? udak Zmf0if;xGe;f vli,ftzG@J 0if rE aW v; cE ;DW axmifrS (2/ 12 / 2003)wGif vGwaf jrmuf
53? udrk sKd ;aZmfatmif vli,ftzG@J 0if aumvif;+rdK@ cE ;DW axmifrS (2/ 12 / 2003)wGif vGwaf jrmuf
54? udrk if;vGif vli,ftzG@J 0if &efuek +f rdK@ cE ;DW axmifrS (2/ 12 / 2003)wGif vGwaf jrmuf
55? udjk rifah iG vli,ftzG@J 0if a&eHacsmif;+rdK@ cE ;DW axmifrS (2/ 12 / 2003)wGif vGwaf jrmuf
56? udo k ef;xGe;f vli,ftzG@J 0if A[dv k il ,fv+kH cHKa&; cE ;DW axmifrS (2/ 12 / 2003)wGif vGwaf jrmuf
57? udrk ;kd aZmf(c)ayguaf yguf vli,ftzG@J 0if A[dv k il ,fv+kH cHKa&; cE ;DW axmifrS (2/ 12 / 2003)wGif vGwaf jrmuf
58? udo k ef;xGe;f vli,ftzG@J 0if A[dv k il ,fv+kH cHKa&; cE ;DW axmifrS (2/ 12 / 2003)wGif vGwaf jrmuf
59? udrk sKd ;rif;(c)wifrsKd ;rif; vli,ftzG@J 0if rE aW v; cE ;DW axmifrS (2/ 12 / 2003)wGif vGwaf jrmuf
60? udo k [ D vli,ftzG@J 0if rE aW v; cE ;DW axmifrS (2/ 12 / 2003)wGif vGwaf jrmuf
61? udjk rifah usmf vli,ftzG@J 0if A[dv k il ,fv+kH cHKa&; cE ;DW axmifrS (2/ 12 / 2003)wGif vGwaf jrmuf
62? udak usmpf ;kd vif; vli,ftzG@J 0if rE aW v; cE ;DW axmifrS (2/ 12 / 2003)wGif vGwaf jrmuf
63? udak tmifausmjf rifh vli,ftzG@J 0if rE aW v; cE ;DW axmifrS (2/ 12 / 2003)wGif vGwaf jrmuf
64? udrk sKd ;nGe@f vli,ftzG@J 0if A[dv k il ,fv+kH cHKa&; cE ;DW axmifrS (2/ 12 / 2003)wGif vGwaf jrmuf
65? udo k ufxeG ;f (c)ukvm; vli,ftzG@J 0if A[dv k il ,fv+kH cHKa&; cE ;DW axmifrS (2/ 12 / 2003)wGif vGwaf jrmuf
141
trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
trSwf(97§c) taemufa&$*Hkwdkifvrf;
A[ef;òrd@e,f&efukefòrd@
a=unmcsuftrSwf- 4 (6§98)
1? trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfonf w&m;0ifrSwfyHkwifI/ w&m;0if&yfwnfaeo!fh EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@

tpnf;jzpfayonf? od@k ygojzifh tzG@J csKyf ----- Edik if aH &;ESiyhf wfoufIvkyaf qmifcsurf sm;onfvnf; w&m;0if
udpPjzpfayonf?
2?vli,frsm;tm;A[kow k wd;k yGm;ap&efEiS yhf nmay;&ef a':atmifqef;pk=unf +cH0if;wGif ESpyf wfwpf}udrf

ðyvkyaf eus pmzwf0ikd ;f ðyvkyjf cif;udk 25-6-98 &ufae@wiG f pDpOfxm;onf? ‚if;pmzwf0ikd ;f wGif v$waf wmfu,kd pf m;
vS,f(4)OD;tygt0if/ vli,f(48)OD;cef@0ifa&muf&ef/ 24-6-98 &ufae@uwnf;u trnfpm&if;ESifhwuG
a':atmifqef;pk=unf+cH0if;rSaxmufvrS ;f a&;rsm;ud/k óudwif----------------------------?
3? 25-6-98 &ufae@vnf(13;00)em&Dcef@Y xdyk *k Kd~ vfrsm; oGm;a&muf&mwGiw f uUov kd &f yd o

f mvrf;ay:&Sd
a':atmifqef;pk=unf+cHodk@ t0iftxGufudkppfaq;avh&Sdaom vHkòcHa&;*dwfrS oufqdkif&mtm%mydkifrsm;.
vHòk cHa&;wyfz@JG 0ifrsm;u r0if&efwm;qD;onf? xdv k òkH cHa&;wyfz@JG 0ifrsm;u tzG@J csKyf tzG@J 0ifrsm;udk vltyk jf zifw
h eG ;f
xkw=f uonf? xd@k a=umift h zG@J csKyftzG@J 0ifrsm;onf urBmat;apwDvrf;ESiw hf uUov kd &f yd o
f mvrf;axmif&h dS rD;ydKG ifh
teD;od@k pnf;urf;pepfwusjzifh -------a&muf&o dS mG ;=uonf?
4? TudpEP iS yhf wfoufI 'kw,

d OuUX OD;wifO;D ESihf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r_;a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd o&d +dS yD;
xdrk ;D ydKG ift
h eD;txd oGm;a&muf=uum/ pmzwf0ikd ;f od@k vmol tzG@J csKyf tzG@J 0ifrsm;udk pepfwusac:aqmifomG ;
onf?
5? tzG@J csKyf tzG@J 0ifrsm;udk vHòk cHa&;wyfz@JG 0ifrsm;u tqifq

h ifw
h m;qD;+yD; a':atmifqef;pk=unf.tdrt f eD;
rlvwef;aus mif;a&S@o@kd ta&mufwiG f rnfonfh &ke;f &if;qefcwfEiS yhf ÉdyujzpfymG ;jcif;vH;k 0r&Sb d J “bmacgi;f aqmif
vJ &ku
d uf mG ” “acgi;f aqmifawG bmawG em;rvnfb;l / tJ'aD cgi;f aqmifyg &du k ”f [k rdu
k &f ikd ;f &dik ;f ajym+yD; &du
k =f u&ef/
trde@f ay;onf[=k um;od&onf? &du k =f u&eftrde@f ay;olrmS tom; ðzðzt&yfawmifarmif;armif;--0wfxm;ol
(vljrifv#if rSwrf o d )l / t&yf0wf 0wfxm;olwpfO;D jzpfonf[k =um;od&onf?
142
6? xdtk cgvòkH cHa&;wyfz@JG 0ifrsm;u teD;&Su d uk KdU udik ;f / opfuikd ;f / eHygww

f w
k rf sm;jzifh oJorJ rJ 0J ifa&muf&u
kd Ef u
S f
=uonf? pkpak ygi;f &du k Ef u
S jf cif;udck =H u&ojzif/h tzG@J csKyfvil ,f(4)OD;. OD;acgi;f ESit hf jcm;ae&mrsm;wGif '%f&m
rsm;&&S=d uonf[k =um;od&onf? &du k Ef u
S jf cif;cH&o!fah e&monf tm%mydik af e&mjzpfI tjcm; rnfow l pfO;D
wpfa,mufr# r&Sad y?
&? xdo k wif;ud&k &Sod jzifh tzG@J csKyfOuUXESihf A[dt

k vkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J 0if vli,f(3)OD;wd@k tcsi;f jzpfymG ;&m
ae&mod@k csujf cif;vdu
k o
f mG ;=u&m tm%mydik w f @kd u vHòk cHa&;*dwrf w
S m;qD;+yD; vH;k 0 0ifciG rhf ðycJah y?
8? =um;od&o!fo h wif;rsm;t& a':atmifqef;pk=unfwiG t f enf;i,f'%f&m&&Sad =umif;ESihf OD;wifO;D ESihf

a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd onf +cH0if;xJo@kd r0ifb/J tcsi;f jzpfymG ;onfh 25-6-98&ufae@ (14;00)em&Dcef@rS pI/
,ae@ 26-6-98 &ufae@eeH uf(09;00) em&Dcef@txd/ rd;k xJa&xJ xdak e&mYyiftm%mydik w f @kd . vHòk cHa&;wyfz@JG
0ifrsm; 0dik ;f &Hvsu&f adS eonf?
9? rdrw d ikd ;f jynfwiG jf zpfay:aevsu&f o

dS !fh Edik if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;t=uyftwnf;rsm;ud/k txufyg
uJhodk@&dkufESufjcif;ESifh zrf;qD;jcif;/ tusOf;uscHapjcif;tp&Sdo!fhenf;vrf;rsm;udktoHk;jyKjcif;tm;jzifh vHk;0
ajz&Si;f Edik rf nf r[kwaf y?
A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@
trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
&efukefòrd@
1360 jy!fEh pS /f ewfawmfvqef;(3)&uf

1998 ckEpS /f ZGevf (26)&uf
143
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
trSwf (97§c)/ taemufa&$*Hkwdkifvrf;
A[ef;òrd@e,f/ &efukefòrd@
a=unmcsuftrSwf - 18 (7§98)
1? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª; a':atmifqef;pk=unf/ A[dktvkyftr_

aqmifwOD;ESihf tzG@J u/kd tm%mydik rf sm;u ,refae@ (29-7-98)&ufae@n (21;50)em&Dcef@wiG /f wm;qD; ydwyf if
xm;onfh tnmpkEiS hf yefwikd &f mG teD;ae&mrS/ vHòk cHa&;wyfz@JG tiftm;udo k ;kH I t=urf;zufaomenf;jzifh tEdifk f
txufðycsKyfaESmif+yD;/ armfawmf,mOftwGi;f od@k ow G o
f iG ;f v#u/f taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;. oabmxm; qEN
vH;k 0 rygb/J taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;.aetdro f @kd twif;t"rRjyefy@kd c=hJ uygonf? taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;. armf
awmf,mOfuv kd nf;/ tm%mydik wf @kd u taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª. cGiðhf ycsuf r&Sb d /J ‚if;wd@k bmom armif;ESicf =hJ u
ygonf?
2? usef A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmifwOD;ESihf tzG@J csKyf tzG@J 0if(2)OD;wd@k uv

kd nf; tm%mydik w f @kd .armfawmf
,mOfrsm;twGif;odk@ taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;enf;wl t=urf;zufaomenf;jzifh tEdkiftxufðy cskyfaESmifI/
tm%mydkifwdk@uoGwfoGif;=ujyD;/ twif;t"rRac:aqmifvmcJh=uygonf? taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;ESifhtzGJ@udk/
tEdik t f xufðyI ac:aqmifvmcJ=h uonfh armfawmf,mOfrsm;toD;oD;xJwiG v f nf;/ tm%mydik wf @kd . wm0ef&dS
yk*K~d vfrsm;ESihf vHòk cHa&;tzG@J 0ifrsm;om&S=d uygonf?
3? tm%mydik wf @kd u Tod@k &ikd ;f jypGmqufqaH qmif&u G jf cif;rsm;onf/ &mZ0wfruif;aom tEdik t f xuf
ðyjcif;/ vufa&mufru
_ sL;vGejf cif;wd@k jzpfygojzifh trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfu av;av;eufeuf jyif;jyif;xefxef
uef@uGuf¶_wfcsvdkufonf?
&efukefòrd@
1360 jynfEh pS /f 0gacgiv
f qef; (7) &uf/
f (30) &uf?
rSwfcsuf? ? aemufq;kH owif;t&/ yxrwm;qD;cH&onfah e&mrS (4)rdik cf ef@umG a0;onfh tnmpkEiS hf

yefwikd &f mG teD;wGi/f 'kw,
d t}udrf xyfrw H m;qD;xm;onf[k owif;&&Syd gonf? qufvuf jzpfay:vmrnfh tajc
taersm;udak pmif=h unfI h / tzG@J csKyfu vdt
k yfovdq
k ufvufta&;,l aqmif&u G o
f mG ;rnfjzpfyga=umif;?
144
trSwf (97§c)/ taemufa&$*Hkwdkifvrf;
1? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf.taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; a':atmifqef;pk=unfESifh A[dktvkyf

tr_aqmifwOD;wd@k onf/ at;csr;f wnfjidrpf mG jzif/h ykord òf rd@o@kd 24-7-98 &ufae@eeH uf (09;05)em&Dcef@ wGif
armfawm,mOfjzifhc&D;xGufcJh=uygonf?
2? Tod@k c&D;xGucf &hJ jcif;.&nf&, G cf surf mS / vl@b0wGif tvGew f &mtqift h wef;edrv hf jS yD; raumif;qH;k
aomtoufarG;0rf;a=umif;jzifhjypfr_usL;vGefavh&Sdolrsm;twGufom&nf&G,fIjyXmef;xm;aom Oya'jzifh/
tzG@J csKyfr*S % k o f a&odumQ &Sv d o S nfh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tm;/ vl@*% k o f u
d mQ udk wrifoufouf
csKd ;ESrd f ESrd chf spmG zrf;qD;ta&;,lxm;aoma=umihf xkjd ynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm; ESi‚hf if;wd@k .rdom;pkrsm;udk
tm;ay;pum;ajym=um;&eftwGujf zpfygonf? TonfrmS jrefrmh,Ofaus;r_ xH;k wrf;pOfvmt&vnf;aumif;/
tzG@J csKyfacgi;f aqmifrsm;.wm0efEiS 0hf wW&m;rsm;t&vnf;aumif;/ c&D; oGm;=u&jcif;jzpfygonf?
3? taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL;ESit hf zG@J u/ qlyv l akd omqENv;kH 0 r&Sb d J at;csr;f wnf+idrpf mG jzifh c&D;xGu=f u
&mwGi/f awG@óuHc&hJ aomjzpfpOfrsm;rS t"dutcsurf sm;rSmatmufygtwdik ;f jzpfygonf? ‚if;jzpfpOfrsm;rSm oufqikd f
&mum,uH&iS rf sm;ud, k w f ikd af wG@óuHcpH m;cJ&h aom ajym=um;csurf sm;jzpfygonf?
(1) taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL;ESit hf zG@J tm; 24-7-98 &ufae@eeH uf (10;15)em&Dcef@wiG /f anmifwek ;f òrd@.
ta&S@buf(15)rdik /f (24)uDvrkd w D mcef@umG a0;onft h nmpk&mG teD;Y tm%mydik w f @kd u oHq;l óud;wef;rsm;/ vHòk cH
a&;tzG@J 0ifrsm;jzifh wm;qD;ydwq f @kd xm;=uonf? vHòk cHa&;tzG@J 0ifrsm;jzifh armfawmf,mOfu0kd ikd ;f &Hxm;=uonf?
armfawmf,mOfut kd eD;&Sd acsmif;ul;opfom; wHwm;uav; ay:od@k eeH uf(10;42)em&Dcef@wiG f rIvnf;aumif;/
wGe;f I vnf;aumif;/ a&$@xm;=uonf?
(2) taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL;.um;bD; (4)bD;vH;k tm;/ wqifch b H &dwrf sm;jzifh tm%mydik w f @kd u csKyfxm;
vdu k o f nf? wHwm;xdyv f rf;ay:wGif 4u§9518 'dik ef mum;wpD;jzifh ydwq f @kd xm;onf? eHeuf (11;30)cef@wiG f
145
y§3614 wDt;D - 11 um;}uD;jzifh xyfI ydwq f @kd xm;+yD;/ 'dik ef mum;udk z,fvu kd o f nf?
(3) nae (16;05)em&Dcef@wiG f &Jr;ª csKyfatmifE, G Ef iS hf 'k-&JrLS ;(1)OD;wd@k a&mufvm+y;D um;wHcg; udak cguo f nf?
um;wHcg;udt k wif;qGzJ iG @f onf? tvGe¶f idk ;f jyonfyh pkH jH zifðh yrlqufqo H nf? yJc;l wdik ;f rif;vSòrd@EiS hf {&m0wDwikd ;f
yef;waemfòr@d c&D;pOfrsm;uJo h @kd csujf cif;tajzxkwaf y;Edik rf nft h qif&h o dS l r[kwo f nft h jyifqufqaH &;¶kid ;f jyr_a=umifh
taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;u zGihf ray;cJjh cif;jzpfonf?
(4) ,if;wHwm;av;.aemufwiG f oHq;l óud;acGrsm;jzifh n(19;10)em&Dcef@Y xyfqifu h m&H xm;vdu k o f nf?
wHwm;xdyw f iG f ,leaD zgi;f 0wfvòkH cHa&;tzG@J 0ifrsm;tiftm;jzifyh wfq@kd xm;onf? ,if; oHq;l óud;acGrsm;udk 26-
7-98 &ufae@wiG f tm%mydik w f @kd u oHwrefrsm;/ ppforH LS ;rsm;eSihf owif;axmufrsm;tm; ac:,ljyocge;D rS
óudwifz,f&mS ;xm;=uonf? vHòk cHa&;tzG@J 0ifrsm;onf vnf; ,leaD zgi;f 0wfrS t&yf0wfo@kd ajymif;vJxm;=uonf?
(5) 25-7-98 &ufae@eeH uf (08-33)em&Dcef@wiG f - 24-7-98 &ufae@u wyfqifxm;cJah om wqifch H
b&dwrf sm;udk ðzwfomG ;=uonf? eHeuf (10;52)em&Dcef@wiG f armfawmf,mOfa&S@wiG f vrf;&Si;f aoma=umifh ykord f
bufodk@armfawmf,mOfudkarmif;xGufpOf vrf;v,fYvHkòcHa&;tzGJ@0ifrsm;u xyfrHwm;qD;=ujyefonf? eHeuf
(10;54)em&Dcef@wiG f vHòk cHa&;tzG@J 0ifrsm;u vrf;ay:rS armfawmf,mOfukd acsmif;ul;wHwm;av;ay:od@k jyefI
wGef;a&$@xm;=uonf?
(6) vHòk cHa&;tzG@J 0ifwOD;ua&oef@b;l wbl;udk taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;ESit hf zG@J tm; 0,fay;onf?xdv k òkH cH
a&;tzG@J 0iftm; aemufae@rsm;wGif armfawmf,mOfteD;Y wm0efcsxm;jcif; r&So d nfuakd wG@&onf/
(7) 26-7-98 &ufae@eeH uf (06;52)em&Dcef@wiG f armfawmf,mOfukd ykord b f ufo@kd armif;xGupf Of vHòk cHa&;
tzG@J 0ifrsm;uoHq;l óud;acGrsm;jzifq h I JG ydw+f yD; wm;qD;=ujyefonf?eHeuf (07;04)em&Dcef@wiG f vHòk cHa&;tzG@J 0if
rsm;u armfawmf,mOfukd wHwm;ay:od@k weG ;f Y a&$@xm;=ujyefonf?
(8) eHeuf (08;00)em&Dcef@wiG f aomufa&oef@b;l oGm;0,f&m tm%mydik w f @kd u “txuftrde@f t&”
[kq+kd yD; 0,fciG hf rðy=uyg?
(9) eHeuf (08;50)em&Dcef@wiG f wyfrawmfaxmufvrS ;f a&;rS Adv k rf ;ª &efEikd [f k qdo k u
l “ tefwD b,fomG ;
rvd@k v”J [kvmar;&m/taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;u“ajccsKyfEiS hf cH0eftufOya'jzifzh rf;qD;jcif;/ cH0efvufrw S af &;
xd;k ay;&jcif;cHae=u&wJh {&m0wDwikd ;f rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af wGqo D mG ;rSm” [k jyefajymcJyh gonf?
‚if;jyif taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL;u “vHòk caH &; rygv@kd qufomG ;cGihf rðybl;vd@k oHwrefawGuakd jymwJu h pd /P vdrw f m”
[kvnf; ajymcJyh gonf?
(10)ae@vnf (12;07)em&Dcef@wiG f wm0efcsxm;aom,leaD zgi;f 0wfvòkH cHa&;tzG@J 0ifrsm;udk t&yf0wfjzifh
ajymif;vJ+yD;/ wm;qD;ydwq f @kd rt_ m;vH;k udv k nf; &Si;f vif;xm;ygonf? t&yf0wfjzifh vHòk cHa&;tzG@J 0if(2)OD;u taxG
axGtwGi;f a&;rSL;.um; xGuEf ikd rf nfv h rf; wJuav;0Y ydwI f xdik af pmifah eonf?
(11)ae@vnf (12;30)em&Dcef@wiG f aomufa&oef@0,fciG ðhf y&ef 'kw, d t}udrf tm%mydik w f @kd tm; ajym&m
xyfrw H m;qD;+yD; oGm;cGihf rðyyg? ,if;tcsed rf pS I aomufa& r&So d jzifh ae@vnf (13;30)em&Dcef@wiG f rd;k &Gmonfh
tcg xD;jzifah &cH+yD; aomuf&ygonf?
(12)26-7-98 &ufae@wiG f taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;ESihf tzG@J Y tpm;tpmESiahf omufa&rsm; uke+f yDjzpfI
tzJ@G csKyf tzJ@G 0ifrsm;uay;yd@k jcif;udv k nf; tm%mydik w f @kd u vufrcHonft h jyif ‚if;wd@k u, kd w
f ikd vf nf; tpm;
taomufrsm;udk ray;=uyg?
(13)27-7-98 &ufae@ eHeuf(08;55)em&Dcef@wiG f Adv k rf ;ª &efEikd [f q k o kd l xyfraH &mufvm+yD;/ A[dt k vkyf
tr_aqmiftzG@J 0if OD;vSaztm; “ tefu,ftouf}uD;+yD/ 'Dvq kd ufomG ;vd@k bmr#ta=umif; rxl;ygb;l /Edik if aH &;
tawG@tóuH/ jzwfoef;cJw h hJ Edik if aH &;oufwrf;vnf; &Syd g+yD/ aemuf qufvyk pf &m Edik if aH &;awGtrsm;}uD;yg/ usaemf
tckvv kd majymwm[m tusKd ;&Sad pcsiv f @kd yg”[kajym&m taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;;u“ aoG;cGpJ um; vmrajymeJ@
146
”[k jyefajymcJyh gonf?

(14)ae@vnf(14;25)em&Dcef@wiG /f Adv k rf ;ª &efEikd [
f qk o kd l xyfraH &mufvmjy;D “ trwd@k / tefu,fw@kd &efuek jf yef
wm taumif;qH;k jzpfr,f ”[k ajymcJyh gonf? taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL;u “ trsm;oGm; vmvd@k &wJh vrf;c&D;ud/k
wOD;wa,mufusrS roGm; rvm&bl;qdw k m t"dyg` ,f r&Sb d ;l ”[kjyefajymcJh ygonf? xdt k cg Advk rf ;ª &efEikd q f o kd u l
“ tJ'gu/a'oqdik &f m tm%mydik af wGu vHòk cHa&;udpaP =umifh vkyw f myg”[kajym&m/ taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL;u
vHòk cHa&;awGygwmyJ/ vm rvdref @J ”[kjyefajymcJyh gonf? Adv k rf ;ª &efEikd q f okd u l “ tr &wJo h wif; rSm;aeygw,f/
{&m0wDwikd ;f rSm tzrf;tqD; vH;k 0 r&Syd gb;l ” [kajymojzif/h taxGaxG twGi;f a&;rSL;u “ 'DrmS {&m0wDwikd ;f u
vl}uD;ygw,f/ ar;=unfh ”[kajymojzifh {&m0wDwikd ;f pnf;&k;H a&;OuUÏu ajccsKyfEiS chf 0H eftufOya't& tzrf;
tqD;cHae=u&aom jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftcsdK@.trnfrsm;udk ajymjyvdkufygonf? xdktcg
Adv
k rf ;ª &efEikd [f k qdo k u
l “tJ'gawmhusaemfh rajymeJ@/ a'oqdik &f mawGu vHòk cHa&;t&vkyw f u hJ pd aP wGygy”J [k
ajym&m/ taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;u “ rw&m;vkyw f m Edik if aH wmfu pd;k rd;k &rSmayg/h w&m;Oya'[m wef;wl &nfwl
jzpf&rSmayg/h w&m;Oya'qdw k m wckwnf;yJ&&dS rSmyJ/ a'oqdik &f mtm%mydik af wGu vkyw f mud/k A[du k ta&;,l
aqmif&u G af y;Edik jf cif; r&Sb d ;l vm;/ A[du k a'o qdik &f mudv k r$ ;f rd;k &rSmaygh ”[kjyefajymcJyh gonf?
(15)28-7-98 &ufae@eHeuf(11;00)em&Dcef@wGif taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;.q&m0efjzpfol a'gufwm
wifrsdK;0if; aq;vmukay;onf? aomufa&jywfaeI vdktyfaeojzifh q&m0ef.awmif;qdkcsuft& yxr
t}udrw f iG f aomufa&oef@(3)bl; 0,fciG &hf ygonf? 'kw, d t}udrf a&oef@b;l (5)bl;xyfay;&eftwGuf a'guw f m
wifrsd K;0if;u jyefcge;D wGit f m%mydik w f @kd tm; ydu k qf H 500d§-usyaf y;cJyh gonf? taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª; aq;ukor_
cH,rl nfukd Adv k rf ;ª &efEikd qf o kd u
l / uifr&morm;awG ac:vmojzif/h taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL;u“ Adv k rf ;ª &efEikd f
qdok El iS hf uifr&morm;awG yg&if/ aq;ukocGihf rcHb;l ”[kajymrS/ ‚if;wd@k vdu k rf vmbJ vrf;xdyw f aJ v;Y rwfwyf
&yfv#uf aecJ=h uygonf? ,if; ae&mrSaeI ‚if;wd@k u/ taxGaxG twGi;f a&;rSL;wd@k aq;ukor_c, H jl cif;udk "gwyf kH
rsm;/ AD', D rkd sm;¶kud =f uygonf? ae@vnf(13;00)em&Dcef@wiG f tm%mydik w f @kd u“ tcsed af ph+yD ”[kajymojzifh a'guf
wm wifrsKd ;0if; jyefomG ;&ygonf?
(16)eHeuf (11;00)em&Dcef@uwnf;u/ a'gufwmwifrsdK;0if;ydkufqHay;oGm;aom aomufa&oef@(5)bl;
udk nae (16;05)em&Dcef@wiG f tm%mydik w f @kd xrH S &&S=d uonf?
(17)29-7-98 &ufae@ae@vnf (12;00)em&Dcef@wiG /f tm%mydik w f @kd .um;jzifh a'guw f ifrsKd ;0if; aq;uk
ay;&efa&mufvmonf? taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;twGuf vdt k yfaeaompm;aomufp&mrsm;ESihf t0wftxnf
rsm;udk &Jwyf&if;(9)ppfaq;a&;*dwrf S tm%mydik w f @kd u odr;f qnf; xm;vdu k of nf? tm%mydik w f @kd ucGiðhf yonfh
aq;ypPn;f tcsKd @om ,laqmifciG &hf onf? taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;twGuf t[m&jzpfapaom ADwmriftp&So d nfh
aq;ypPnf;rsm;udk ,laqmifcGifh rðy=uyg? a'gufwm wifrsdK;0if;ESifhtwlvkdufygvmaom trsdK;orD;q&m0ef
a'guw f m òyH;tdr. kd ud, k cf E<mudv k nf; ppfaq;&SmazG+yD; aq;oGm;ukciG hf ray;yg? odr;f qnf;xm;aomypPn;f
rsm;udv k nf; taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL;xHrS a'guw f mwifrsKd ;0if; jyefvmonft h cgusro
S mv#if tm%mydik w f @kd u
jyefay;ygonf?
(18)n (17;30)em&Dcef@wiG f tzG@J csKyf OuUÏ/ 'k-OuUÏ ESihf A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmifwOD;wd@k oGm;a&mufawG@
qHk=uonf? taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;ESifhtzGJ@twGuf ygoGm;aomaomufa&oef@ESifh tpm;taomufrsm;udk/
&Jwyf&if;(9)ppfaq;a&;*dwfrS óudwifodrf;qnf;xm;vdkufonf? odrf;qnf;xm;aom ,if;ypPnf;rsm;udk
taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;wd@k xrH S OuUÏ wd@k jyefvm=uonft h cgro S mv#if tm%mydik w f @kd u jyefay;=uonf?
(19) xdo k @kd omG ;a&muf=u&jcif;ta=umif;rSm Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizhf @HG òzd;a&;aumifp. D t}uHðy
csuw f ckukd Adv k rf ;ª ol&rSwqifh A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmifwOD;u&&So d nf? Tt}uHðycsuu f kd A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmif
tzG@J rsm;tm;vH;k !dE‡ i_d ;f aqG;aEG;&ef vdt k yfvmonf? xd@k a=umifh tzG@J csKyfwiG &f adS e=uaom A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmif
147
tzG@J 0ifrsm;tm;vH;k taejzifh wm;qD;jcif;cHae&onfh taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;ESihf A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmif OD;vSazwd@k
xHo@kd oGm;&efv f t kd yfa=umif;jyefajymcJo h nf? Adv k rf ;ª ol&u tm;vH;k oGm;&ef roifyh gojzif/h OuUÏ/ 'k-OuUÏESifh
A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmifwOD;wd@k aygi;f (3)OD;udk oGm;cGiðhf ycJyh gonf? Edik if aH wmf at;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zG@H ðz;d a&;aumifpD
. t}uHðycsuu f kd A[dt k vkyf tr_aqmiftzG@J u!dE‡ i_d ;f aqG;aEG;=uonf? xdo k @kd aqG;aEG;=u+yD; tjcm;t}uHðycsuf
wckukd Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zG@H òzd;a&;aumifpED iS ahf qG;aEG;&ef oabmwlncD =hJ uygonf? ,if;oabm
wlncD suu f kd tzG@J csKyfOuUÏu wm0ef,I l qufvufaqmif&u G &f ef A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J 0ifrsm;tm;vH;k
oabmwlnDcJh=uonf?
(20) OuUÏ/ 'k-OuUÏESihf A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J 0if wOD;wd@k onf (19;40)em&Dcef@wiG f wm;qD;jcif;cHae
&aom taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;wd@k xrH S jyefvnfxu G cf mG vm=u&m (21;00)em&Dcef@wiG f A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmif
tzG@J 0if OD;vGi. f tdro f @kd jyefa&muf=uonf? A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmifrsm;. oabmwlncD suu f kd qufvufaqmif
&GuEf ikd jf cif; r&Srd D tm%mydik w f @kd u taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;ESihf tzG@J tm;/ twif;t"rR0ifa&mufcsKyfaESmifI tEdik f
xufðy t=urf;zuf+yD; vufa&mufrr_ sm; usL;vGeu f m twif;t=uyfac:aqmifc=hJ ujcif;jzpfonf?
(21)taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;u vlvw $ +f yD;ac:cdik ;f I OuUÏ tygt0if A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmif tzG@J 0if(4)OD;wd@k
taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;tm; oGm;a&mufawG@q=kH ujcif;om jzpfygonf?tm%mydik w f @kd u taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;
tm; OuUÏ ESihf A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmifw@kd xH tyfEjHS cif; r[kwyf g?
(22)ac:aqmifvmyHrk mS §n(21;10)em&Dcef@wiG f taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;.jcYH ,cifu wm0efus t&m&Sjd zpf
ol Adv k rf ;ª ol&wd@k tzG@J tiftm;(50)cef@jzifh vma&muf=uonf? um;vrf;ay:wGif óudwifprD x H m;aom um;wef;
&Sn}f uD; &Sad eonf?
(23) tzG@J csKyf tzJ@G 0ifrsm;jzpf=uaom udx k eG ;f jrif/h udnk eG @f a&$EiS hf A[dt
k vkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J 0if OD;vSaz wd@k ukd
tpDtpOftvdu k f twif;t"rR0ifq+JG yD; tEdik t f xufðy csKyfaESmif=uum toifph pD Ofxm;onfh armfawmf,mOf
rsm; twGi;f od@k tm%mydik w f @kd u oGwo f iG ;f =uonf?
(24) wcsed w f nf;wGif tpmESihf aomufa&jywfojzift h m;tifcsed @J pmG um;xJwiG v f aJ vsmif;aeaom taxG
axGtwGi;f a&;rª;tm;/ Adv k rf ;ª ol&ESit hf zG@J u/ armfawmf,mOftwGi;f od@k 0ifa&muf=uum t=urf;zufaom enf;jzifh
tEdkiftxufðycsKyfaESmifI vufa&mufr_rsm;usL;vGef+yD; taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;.oabmqEN vHk;0rygbJ
taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;. aetdrfodk@ tm;vHk;udk twif;t"rR jyefydk@cJh=uonf? taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;.
armfawmf ,mOfuv kd nf;/ taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª; .cGiðhf ycsuf r&Sb d J oufqikd &f mtm%mydik w f @kd u ‚if;wk@d bmom
twif;t"rRarmif;ESifcJh=uonf?
(25) 30-7-98 &ufae@nae (16;00)em&Dcef@wiG /f Adv k rf ;ª ol&u A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J 0if OD;oef;xGe;f
tm; “ a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; (15§20)rdepfcef@ arwWm&yfcaH jymqdak omfvnf; a':atmifqef;pk=unfu
(5)rdepfom pum;ajymyg/ reufus&if OD;oef;xGe;f xHomG ;ar;yg[k ajymcJyh ga=umif;/'gah =umif(h 5)rdepf a&wGuf
aeoH=um;&aoma=umifh rwwfEdkifawmhI a':atmifqef;pk=unftm;ayG@xl+yD; tjcm; ppfolemðy &Jar(2)
a,mufEiS hf n‡yx f ikd v f u kd af =umif;/ 'Dum;udv k nf; &JabmfawG armif;+yD;awmh a':atmifqef;pk=unftrd u f kd jyefy@kd
vduk af =umif; ”[k ajym=um;cJyh gonf?
4? xd@k a=umifh txufygjzpfpOfrsm;udk pdppfavhvm=unfv h #i/f tm%mydik w f @kd onf æ
(u) rw&m; wm;qD;uef@uGufr_/ rw&m; csKyfaESmifxm;r_wdk@udkusL;vGefjcif;/ ,if;odk@usL;vGefjcif;jzifh
xdyw f u kd &f ifqikd af &;udk jzpfay:ap&ef wrifoufoufzefw;D aejcif;/
(c) &mZ0wf ruif;aom tEdifk t f xufðyr_trsKd ;rsKd ;/ vufa&mufrt _ rsKd ;rsKd ;/ cd;k r_EiS t hf jcm;jypfrw _ @kd ukd usL;vGef
aejcif;/
(*) urBmu h v k or*~. vlrt _ cGit hf a&;rsm;qdik &f m urBmt h "dXmefðya=unmpmwrf; tyd'k f - 3/ tyd'k -f 25
148
(1)ponfh vlwOD;wa,mufwiG f &oif&h xdu k af om tajccHv@l tcGit hf a&;rsm; udck sKd ;azguaf ejcif;/
(C) taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL;ESit hf zG@J tm; touftE &W m,fp;kd &dr&f onftxd vrf;yef;qufo, G af &; jzwf
jcif;/ ywf0ef;usiEf iS t hf qufjzwfjcif;/ tpm;tpmESiahf omufa&wd@k ujkd zwfawmufxm;jcif;/ ,if;od@k jzwfawmuf
jcif;jzifh tiftm;csed nfah p+y;D rS 0ifa&mufI twif;t"rRt=urf;zufErdS Ef iS ;f jcif;/ q&m0ef.aq;ukor_ r&&Scd yhJ gv#if
,ckuo hJ @kd t=urf;zufyzkH ufenf;rsKd ;onf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;. touftE &W m,fux kd cd u kd af pEdik jf cif;/
(i) 9-11-96 &ufae@wiG v f nf; taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;. um;wef;tm; vl&rf;um;wd@k u vHòk cHa&; tzG@J 0if
rsm; a&S@wiG yf if taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;. touftE &W m,fukd xdcu kd af pEdik o f nftxdvnf;aumif;/25-698&uf
ae@wiG v f nf; pmzwf0ikd ;f od@k vma&muf=uonfh tzG@J csKyftzG@J 0ifvil ,frsm; tm;tm%mydik w f @kd u wm;qD;&ku d f
ESujf cif;udpw P iG f taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;. touftE &W m,fukd xdcu kd af pEdik of nftxdvnf;aumif;/ ,cifu
(2)}udrðf yvkycf +hJ yD;jzpfI ,ckw}udrEf iS q hf ykd gv#if tm%mydik w f @kd utaxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;. touftE &W m,fukd
xdcu kd af pEdik of nftxd t=urf;zufaejcif;rSm pkpak ygi;f (3)}udr&f +dS yDjzpf jcif;/
( p) ,ckuo hJ @kd t=urf;zuf+yD;ESrd Ef iS ;f &ef óudwif}uH&, G If pDraH qmif&u G x f m;jcif;/
(q) trsKd ;orD;rsm;ab;tE &W m,frS umuG,af &;[k aºuG;a=umfaeaomfvnf;/ vufawG@wiG rf l Edb k ,fvf
+idr;f csr;f a&;qk&iS /f 'Dru kd a&pDacgi;f aqmif/ tzG@J csKyftaxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª; a':atmifqef;pk=unfuykd if/ touf
tE &W m,fxcd u kd af pEdik o f nftxd w&m;vufvw G f &efðyaejcif; wd@k ukd wdwu d susay:vGix f if&mS ;pGm od&edS m;
vnfEikd =f urnfjzpfa=umif; a=unmvdu k o f nf?
&efuek ðf rd@ A[dt k vkytf r_aqmiftzG@J

1360 jynfEh pS /f 0gacgiv
f qef; (11)&uf/ trsKd ;om;'Drukd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
1998 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (3) &uf?
149
trSwf (97§c)/ taemufa&G*Hkwdkifvrf;
1? trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL;ESihf {&m0wDwikd ;f pnf;&k;H a&;tzG@J . OuUÏESihf
A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J 0ifw@kd onf/ ,ae@ 20-7-98 eHeuf (09;10)em&Dcef@wiG /f {&m0wDwikd ;f / yef;waemf
òrd@o@kd armfawmf,mOfjzifch &D;xGucf mG oGm;=uygonf?
2? c&D;xGufjcif;udpPrSm/ *k%foa&oduQm&Sdjynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk/ vl@b0wGif

tedrfhusqHk;aomtoufarG;0rf;a=umif;ESifhtouf&Sifae=uonfholrsm;ESifhomoufqdkifonfh ajccsKyfESifhcH0ef
tufOya'jzift h a&;,lxm;jyD;/ vl@ou d mQ udw
k rifoufoufcsKd ;ESrd ef rd chf sjcif;tm;/ tzG@J csKyfuvufrcHEikd yf g ojzif/h
yef;waemf&dS jynfo@l vw
$ af wmfu,kd pf m;vS,af 'guwf mwifrif;xGËx f o H @kd omG ;a&mufjyD;tm;ay;&ef jzpfygonf?
‚if;onf az: jyygOya'jzift h a&;,ljcif;cH&ae&ygonf?
3? &efuek -f ykord vf rf; a=u;eef;wdik t f rSwf - 106 teD;/ y'ef&mG teD;wGi/f tm%mydik t
f zG@J 0if vHxk ed ;f &J
rsm;u/ armfawmf,mOfuw kd m;qD;onf[o k wif;&&Syd gonf? c&D;qufvufroGm;Edik &f ef yxr/ toifjh yKvkyx f m;
onfh ql;oHóu;d wef;rsm;jzif0h ikd ;f umxm;+y;D / 'kw,d / Tonfrsm;tpm;/ xef;wH;k [k,q l & aomwH;k rsm;jzifh ,mOf.
a&S@/ aemufwdk@wGifcsxm;onf[k=um;od&ygonf? ‚if;jyif ,mOfudkvHkxdef;&Jrsm;u/ 0dkif;xm;onf[k
=um;od&ygonf?
4? od@k aomf (11;40)em&Dcef@wiG /f taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL;wd@k armfawmf,mOfrmS anmifwek ;f òrd@buf

od@k qufvufxu G cf mG oGm;onf[o
k mowif;&&Syd gonf?
&efukefòrd@
1360 jynfEh pS f 0gqv kd jynfah usmf (12)&uf
f (20)&uf?
150
&ufp-JG 2003 Zlvikd v

f (9)&uf
OuUX
Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zG@H òzd;a&;aumifpD
jrefrmEdkifiH/ &efukefòrd@?
ta=umif;t&m? ? 'Dy,
J if;ta&;tcif;+yD;aemuf ,ae@jrefrmEdik if aH wmf.tusn;f wefaomtajctaeESihf
ajz&Si;f ay;&efrsm;?
1? 2003ck/ arv (30)&ufnaecif; 'Dy, J if;òrd@EiS u

hf sn&f mG t=um;wGif trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf 'kw,
d
OuUXOD;wifO;D tygt0if taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf tzG@J 0ifrsm;udk t=urf;zufol wpkw@kd u
pDpOfwukd cf u
kd o
f jzifh aoqH;k olrsm;ESi'hf %f&m&&So
d al jrmufrsm;pGm&Sad =umif;twnfrðyEdik af omowif;rsm; =um;
od&ygonf// Tod@k r&Si;f rvif;jzpf&onfrmS e,fajrwm0ef&o dS rl sm;u xkwaf zmfa=unmjcif;rðyonfh twGujf zpf
&ygonf?
2? xd@k aemuf txufaz: jyyg trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J acgi;f aqmifrsm;ESit hf wlvukd yf gomG ;=uaom vli,f
rsm;ESihf tzG@J 0ifrsm;udvk nf; tusO;f cszrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHae&onfukd xyfr=H um;od&jyefojzif/h u|eaf wmf
wd@k 1990 jynfEh pS f ygwpD 'kH rD u
kd a&pDa&G;aumufyw JG iG jf ynfow l @kd a&G;cs,w f ifajr‡mufxm;aom jynfo@l v$waf wmf
ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;taejzifh 'Dru kd a&pDuv kd v kd m;+yD;}udrrf ;D tH;k ovdck pH m;ae=u&aom trsm;jynfow l @kd u,
kd pf m;
atmufygtwdik ;f wifjyawmif;qd&k jcif;jzpfygonf?
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}unfhzdk@wm0efawmif&Sdw,fvdk@ xifygw,f// ,Hk}unfr_wnfaqmufa&;eJ@ jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;vkyfief;awG
b,fv&kd adS ew,fqw kd m od&atmifayg/h / usrwd@k [m urBmu h v k or*~uakd v;pm;&if taxGaxG twGi;fa&;rª;csKyf&@J
usrwd@k Eikd if rH mS jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;jzpfapcsiw f q hJ ENukd ,H}k unf&if rpPwm &mZmvDukd ol &xdu k w f ,
hJ }kH unfr/_
*k%jf yKr_/ av;pm;r_w@kd e@J qufqo H ifyh gw,f// æ jrefrmEdik if u H kd rdrb
d ,fawmh vmoifw h ,fqw kd mudk rpPwm
&mZmvDu, kd w f ikd f qH;k jzwfyikd cf iG &hf o
dS ifyh gw,f// e-t-z [m wu,fyJ trsK;d om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;udk vdv k m;
w,fq&kd if rpPwm &mZmvD olvmcsiw f t
hJ csed rf mS vmEdik af &;udk t[ef@twm; rjyKoifyh gb;l ?
usr t&ifEpS af rv(6)&ufae@u vGwv f mpOftcg a&muf&adS ewJt h ajctaerS yd+k yD; wd;k wufEikd zf @kd usrwd@k
trsm;}uD; óud;pm;cJyh gw,f? ,H=k unfrw _ nfaqmufa&;rS yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G af &;/ aqG;aEG;a&;eJ@ wpfcsed w
f nf;jzpf&
r,fh jyefvnf&if=um;apha&;tqifo h @kd a&mufz@kd twGuf óud;pm;cJyh gw,f? usrwd@k [m yk*Kd~ vfwcsKd @e@J tzG@J tpnf;
wcsKd @rw
S qifh vlom;csi;f pmema&;taxmuftulrsm;eJ@ywfoufv@kd tm%mydik f awGe@J y;l aygi;f aqmif&u G Ef ikd af &;
twGuf óu;d pm;cJyh gw,f? e-t-z [m vlom;csi;f pmema&;taxmuftulrsm;eJ@ywfoufv@kd usrwd@k e@J yl;aygi;f
aqmif&u G zf @kd &m pdwt
f m;xufoefr_ r&Sbd ;l qdw
k mudk usrwd@k &Si;f &Si;f vif;vif; odvmcJ&h ygw,f?
'Dae&mrSm pD;yGm;a&;ydwfqdk@r_awG/ taxmuftuludpPawG/ urBmvSnfhc&D;onfudpPawGeJ@ ywfoufvdk@

ajymcsiyf gw,f? arv(6)&ufae@ usr vGwaf jrmufvm+yD;wJt h cgrmS owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGv J yk +f yD; aqG;aEG;r_rsm;
rp rcsi;f usrwd@k tajccHrr_ sm;eJ@ywfoufv@kd tajymif;tvJ&rdS mS r[kwb f ;l vd@k ajymcJyh gw,f// 'D t"dyg` ,u f
awmh urBmvSnchf &D;oGm;rsm;udp/P pD;yGm;a&;ydwq f @kd ru
_ pd /P taxmuftulupd aP wGe@J ywfoufwhJ usrwd@k ral wG
ajymif;vJrSm r[kwfbl;qdkwmajymcsifygw,f// usrwdk@(tef-t,fvf-'D)[m pD;yGm;a&;ydwfqdk@r_rsm;vkyfzdk@
awmif;qdak ewma=umifh &if}um;apha&; rvdv k m;bl;vd@k oH;k oyf&r,fv@kd qdw k v hJ al wGuakd jymyg&ap// usrwd@k [m
pD;yGm;a&;ydwq f @kd rr_ sm; rawmif;qdck yhJ gb;l // 'gayr,fh pD;yGm;a&;ydwq f @kd re_ @J ywfoufwhJ usrwd@k ru l v kd nf; rajymif;cJh
ygb;l // xdek nf;wl taxmuftyHeh @J urBmvSnchf &D;oGm;vkyif ef;awGe@J ywfoufv@kd vnf; usrwd@k rl tajymif;tvJ
r&Sad o;ygb;l // aqG;aEG;yGrJ sm; rp rcsi;f 'gawG[m rajymif; rvJwnf&adS eygvrd rhf ,f// 'gayrJh wjcm;ae&mawGrmS
usrwd@k taeeJ@ wwfEikd o f r#y;l aygi;f aqmif&u G rf r_ mS tqifoif&h adS ewJu h ¾awG &Sad eygw,f// txl;ojzifh vlom;
csi;f pmema&;taxmuftulrsm;eJ@ ywfoufv@kd jzpfygw,f// 'gayr,fh tm%mydik af wG[m 'Dvu kd pd aP wGe@J ywfouf
vd@k usrwd@k e@J yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G zf @kd wGe@f qwk af ewmudak wG@&ygw,f// bmjzpfv@kd 'Dvkd jzpfae&wmvJqw kd m usrwd@k
ar;&ygawmhr,f// usrwd@k &hJ apwemudo k oH ,&Sad ew,fq&kd if yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G jf cif;eJ@ tajz&SmEdik yf gw,f//
a&xJ0ifcsiw f ,fq&kd if a&ud=k unf&h ekH @J at;vGe;f w,f/ ylveG ;f w,fv@kd ajymvd@k r&ygb;l // a&xJ0if+yD;rSomv#if
ylveG ;f ovm;/ at;vGe;f ovm;qdw k mqH;k jzwf+yD; a&cJxnfzh @kd vv kd m;/ a&aEG;xnfzh @kd vv
kd m; pOf;pm; &ygr,f// æ
uav;wpfa,muf[m a& rcsdK;csifbl;qdk&if a&uat;vGef;w,f/ ylvGef;w,f/ ol[m rnpfywfao;ygbl;/
wjcm;vkypf &m&Syd gao;w,f ponfjzifh qifajctrsKd ;rsKd ;wufrmS jzpfygw,f// wu,fyJ pdwyf gwo hJ q
l &kd ifawmh
a&[m odyaf t;vGe;f / ylveG ;f w,fq&kd ifawmifrS a,musmf ;yDy&D ifqikd zf @kd &m tqifoifh jzpfrmS yg// e-t-z[m
Edik if &H @J aumif;usKd ;udk wu,fyJ pdw0f ifpm;w,fq&kd if tef-t,fv-f 'De@J yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G zf @kd txl;ojzifh vlom;
160
csi;f pmemr_qikd &f mtaxmuftyHah wGupd rP mS w&m;0ify;l aygi;f aqmif&u G zf @kd tqifoifjh zpfygw,f// wdik ;f jynfukd
vnf; 'Dvv kd yk af ew,fqwkd m &Si;f &Si;f vif;vif;ajymoifyh gw,f// bmjzpfv@kd ud, k Ehf ikd if o
H m;awG rodatmif v#Kd @0u S f
xm;csif&wmvJ æ usrwdk@[m trsdK;om;jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;eJ@ywfoufvdkh av;av;eufeufoE<dXmef
csxm;ygw,f// usr 'Dae@ajymwJhtxJrSm tm%mydkifawGeJ@ywfoufwJh ta}umif;ygwma=umifh jyefvnf
oifjh rwfa&; rvdv k m;bl;qdw
k hJ t"dyg` ,f ra&mufygb;l // usrwd@k ukd xdyw f u kd &f ifqikd wf mvd@k pGypf aJG umif;pGypf JG
ygvdrfhr,f// [kwfygw,f/ usrwdk@[m jy\emawGudk&ifqdkifzdk@tqifoifhygyJ// jy\emqdkwm r&ifqdkifvdk@
rjzpfygb;l // jy\emawGuakd jz&Si;f csi&f if&ifqikd &f rSmyg// 'Djy\emawGukd wifjycJw h muvnf;&ifqikd +f yD; rajz&Si;f vd@k
uawmh jy\emawG[m yd+k yD;qd;k oGm;rSmrd@k jzpfygw,f//
'DEikd if &H @J pD;yGm;a&;tajctaeeJ@ywfoufv@kd od=uvdrrhf ,fv@kd xifygw,f// b%fvyk if ef;tcuftcJ jy\em&J@

aemufrmS bm&Sv d q
J wkd m b,forl S rod}uygb;l // usrc&D;oGm;pOfrmS 'Djy\emeJ@ywfoufv@kd òrd@toD;oD;u
yk*Kd~ vfrsm;eJ@ aqG;aEG;cJyh gw,f// tusKd ;oufa&mufrr_ sm; &Sv d m;vd@k ar;cJyh gw,f// qd;k usKd ;oufa&mufrr_ sm; &Scd w hJ ,f
vd@k tajz&ygw,f// awmifov l ,form;rsm;udk aiGpuUL&Sm;yg;vd@k q+kd yD; aps;ESrd af y;aew,fv@kd ocd &hJ ygw,f// 'gay
r,fh &efuek rf mS awmh pm;oH;k ukeyf pPn;f awG aps;usykH r&ygb;l // 'Dawmh wae&mrSm wckcak wmh tifrwefrmS ;aeyg+yD?
tajctaeudk tm%mydik rf sm;u wdik ;f jynftusKd ;vdv k m;w,fq&kd if xdr;f odr;f zd@k tcsed af &mufjyv D @kd xifygw,f?
usr vGwv f mwJt h csed t
f cgu wdik ;f jynfe@J ywfoufv@kd xifjrifcsuaf wGukd rSerf eS u f efuef xif&mS ;apr,fv@kd
ajymcJyh gw,f// jy\emawGukd r&S[ d efaqmif+yD; av#mah jymrSm r[kwaf yr,fh tm%mydik af wGe@J ajyvnfru _ v kd nf;
wwfEikd o f Ióud;pm;+yD; xdr;f odr;f oGm;r,fv@kd ajymcJyh gw,f// tckvnf; usrwd@k [m wu,fu h ykd J etz eJ@ajyvnf
r_ vdck siyf gw,f// yk*Kd~ vfa&;t& tmCmwqdw k mvnf; vH;k vH;k r&Syd gb;l // bmyJ jzpfcjhJ zpfchJ usrwd@k [m tcsed rf a&G;
rdwaf qGjzpfz@kd jyefvnf&if=um;aphEikd zf @kd urf;vSr;f &eftqifoif&h ydS gw,f// usrwd@k [m tcsed rf a&G; yl;aygi;f aqmif
&Guzf @kd tqifoif&h adS yr,fh aESmuf,u S wf mawG/ +cdr;f ajcmufwmawGuakd wmh cHrmS r[kwyf gb;l // 'Dvckd &H if 'Dru kd a&pD
ta&;eJ@ jynfolvlxk&JhtajctaeawGudk taxmuf tuljyKrSm r[kwfygbl;// æ a'ocHtm%mydkifawGu
Edik if aH wmftqift h m%mydik af wG&@J oabmwlcsuf 'grrS [kwf tenf;qH;k awmh em;vnfre_ @J cGijhf yKcsu&f w dS ,fv@kd
rxif&if olw@kd vyk cf w hJ mawGukd vky&f rJ mS r[kwyf gb;l // usrwd@k [m ,k=H unfrw _ nfaqmufa&; taxmuftul
jzpfapr,fh wpfcw k nf;aomvrf;jzpfw,fq+kd yD; a'ocHtm%mydik af wGe@J }uH@z@HG w@kd vyk o f r#ukd cHr,fq&kd if usrwd@k
trsm;}uD; rSm;ygvrd rhf ,f// taESmift h ,Suaf wG[m yd+k yD;wd;k vmr,f/ +cdr;f ajcmufra_ wG[mvnf; ydv k @kd w;kd vm+yD;
tajctae[m yd+k yD;qd;k vmum usrwd@k [m ppfreS w f thJ rsKd ;om;&if}um;apha&;rS a0;oxufa0;oGm;rSmyg// e-
t-z [m wu,fyJ trsKd ;om;jyefvnf&if=um;apha&;vdv k m;w,fq&kd if 'Djy\emawGukd &ifqikd &f ygvrd rhf ,f?
usrwd@k c&D;oGm;pOftcgrmS wcsKd @a'ocHtm%mydik rf sm;&Jh vkyaf qmifcsurf sm;udk etz taeeJ@ &Si;f jyEdik &f ygvrfd rhf ,f?
}uH@cikd zf @G òH zd;a&;tzG@J taeeJ@vnf; olw@kd vyk cf sif wmawGtm;vH;k vkyyf ikd cf iG hf bmjzpfv@kd &v dS q
J w kd mudk &Si;f jy&ygr,f?
usrwd@k (tef-t,fv-f 'D) taeeJ@ usrwd@k tzG@J 0ifawGtwGuf wm0ef,El ikd yf gw,f//
ar; ? b%fvyk if ef;jy\emtcuftcJawG yd+k yD;qd;k vmw,fv@kd qw kd m b,fvpkd ;D yGm;a&;eJ@ vlra_ &; ouf
a&mufra_ wG &SEd ikd rf ,fv@kd xifygovJ//
ajz? 'Dvqkd uf+yD;jzpfaer,fv@kd q&kd ifawmh pD;yGm;a&;jy\emawG wufrmS ayg/h / pD;yGm;a&;jy\emeJ@ vlra_ &;
jy\emawGqw kd m qufE, G af ewmyJ// vlawG[m pD;yGm;a&;tcuftcJe@J awG@óuH&w,fq&kd if pD;yGm;a&;jy\em
r[kwb f J vlra_ &;jy\emawGu ygvmygw,f// 'g[mvnf; jy\emawG bmjzpfv@kd &ifqikd zf @kd vw kd ,fqw kd m
jyaewJh Oyrmwck jzpfygw,f// jy\emudak jz&Si;f zd@k [m yxr &ifqikd &f ygvrd rhf ,f// tckxd 'D tusyt f wnf;
161
jy\em bmha=umifjh zpfay:vmvJqw kd m usrwd@k b,forl S rodao;ygb;l // aumv[mvawGuawmh trsKd ;rsKd ;

ayg/h / tJ'g[m 'DEikd if rH mS wm0ef,rl e_ @J jrifomodomEdik w
f t hJ ajctaeawG r&Sv d @kd ygy/J / 'Dvkd bmjzpfv@dk jzpf&vJqw
kd m
udk jynfov l x
l ak wGu ar;Edik w f ohJ l b,forl S r&Syd gb;l //
ar; // =unf&h wm 'gx

h uftrsm;}uD; ydq k ;kd oGm;Edik rf ,f/ tm*siw
f ;D em;vdk tajctaersKd ;jzpfomG ;Edik w f ,f/
vrf;awGay:rSm t}urf;zufra_ wGjzpfEikd w f hJ tajctaexd qd;k &Gm;oGm;Edik w f ,fv@kd xifygovm;//
ajz ? vlawG[m 'kucQ &H wJt
h wdik ;f twmwcka&muf+yDq&kd if rdrw d @kd &@J pdwrf auseyfra_ wG oufom&m&zd@k
twGuf 'grrS [kwf w&m;r#wr_&zd@k twGuf enf;trsKd ;rsKd ;oH;k wwf=uygw,f// æ tm*siw f ;D em;rSm jynfoal wGu
t}urf;zufra_ wGjzpfcw
hJ m[m jynfoal wGtaeeJ@ olw@kd ukd aumif;aumif;rGerf eG f r#r#ww rqufqb H ;l xifcv
hJ @kd
jzpfygw,f// w&m;r#wr_&aew,fv@kd ,H}k unfr&_ w dS v
hJ al wG[m t}urf;zufavh r&Syd gb;l //
ar; ? ydwq f @kd ra_ wGe@J ywfoufv@kd (tD;-,l)eJ@ tar&duefjynfaxmifpu k yd+k yD; wif;wif;rmrm vkyrf ,fv@kd
t&dytf a&mifjyaeygw,f// 'gayrJ=h opa=w;vsuawmh tjyKoabmaqmifwchJ sO;f uyfru _ kd quf+yD;awmh usi=hf uH
aeygw,f// 'Dawm t h jynfjynfqikd &f m todik ;f t0dik ;f rSm =opa=w;vsu b,fvakd e&m a&mufaeygovJ//
ajz ? 'Dar;cGe;f [m =opa=w;vswa,mufjzpfwhJ &Sit hf aeeJ@ ud, k Ehf ikd if u
H kd jyefar;&rSmjzpfygw,f// &Siwf @kd Eikd if H
[m 'Dru kd a&pDEikd if yH /J / &Siw
f @kd tpd;k &udk ar;=unfEh ikd cf iG &hf w
dS myJ// ar;cGe;f trsm;}uD; ypfar;Edik w f myJ// usrwd@k [mvn;f
'DtajzawGuo kd cd siyf gw,f// =opa=w;vsu 'Dru l kd bmjzpfv@kd usio hf ;kH aevJqw kd mudk usrwd@k odcsiaf eygw,f//
tck bmawGyjJ zpfcjhJ zpfchJ jyefvnf&if=um;apha&;jzpfajrmufEikd rf ,fv@kd ,lq&atmif olw@kd rmS vsK@d 0u S ef m;vnfr_
&Sdxm;vdk@vm;//
ar; ? =opa=w;vs tpd;k &udk bmrsm; today;csiyf govJ//

ajz? usrwdk@taeeJ@ =opa=w;vstpd;k &udk xyfwvJvyJ J olw@kd &v
hJ yk &f yfawGe@J ywfoufv@kd oabmrwl
bl;qdw
k m today;cJyh gw,f//
ar; ? a':atmifqef;pk=unfu etz [m trsKd ;om;jyefvnf&if=um;apha&;udk pdwf r0ifpm;bl;vd@k ajymcJh

ygw,f? æ etz &J@ wH@k qikd ;f r_taemufrmS bmawG&o dS vJv@kd xifyg ovJ?
ajz ? usrajymcJw h mu oufaotaxmuftxm;awGt& etz [m trsKd ;om; jyefvnf&if=um;apha&;rSm
trSew f u,fpw d 0f ifpm;yHk r&bl;qdw k mygy?J &if=um;apha&;udk pdwrf 0ifpm;bl;qdw k m pdwf r0ifpm;wma=umifh
oufoufygy?J wjcm; pdwrf 0ifpm;apcsipf &mta=umif; r&SEd ikd yf gb;l ? vlawGe@J ywfoufv@kd oo H ,awG&EdS ikd yf gw,f?
'gayr,fh &if=um;aphru _ kd vdv
k m;Edik yf gw,f? wu,fq&kd if (tef-t,fv-f 'D)eJ@ 'Dru kd a&pDvy_ &f mS ;r_[m +y;D cJwh (hJ 14)
ESptf wGi;f u jy\emawGe@J ywfoufv@kd cH&wJb h ufu &Sad ew,fqw kd m todtrSwjf yK&ygvrd rhf ,f? 'ga=umifh
usrwd@k taeeJ@ jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;vrf;pOfukd eufeufeeJ q J yk u
f ikd x
f m;jcif; enf;enf;av;rS rav#mch yhJ gb;l usrwd@k
taeeJ@ tm%mydik af wGukd oHo,eJ@=unfch sipf &mta=umif;awGtrsm;}uD; &Syd gw,f? olw@kd ukd owde@J &j_ rifwm
wcsKd @ae&mawGrmS emusn;f r_e@J &j_ rifwmawG &SEd ikd yf gw,f? 'gayr,fh usrwd@k &@J trsKd ;om;&if=um;apha&;udk vdv k m;
csu[ f m enf;enf;r u S sqif; roGm;Edik yf gb;l ? etz taeeJ@ jyefvnf&if=um;apha&;udk pdwrf 0ifpm;bl;qdv k @kd &&dS if
jyefvnf&if=um;apha&;udk rvdv k m;vd@k yjJ zpfrmS yg? wjcm;ta=umif; r&SEd ikd yf gb;l ? trsKd ;om;jyefvnf&if=um;aph
a&;twGuf róud;yrf;jcif;[m bm tusKd ;tjrwfrjS zpfaprSm r[kwyf gb;l ? trsKd ;om;jyefvnf&if=um;apha&;udk
&,lEikd rf ,fq&kd if tjrwfcsn;f ygy?J ,H=k unfrw _ nfaqmufa&;qdw k m b,favmuftcsed , f &l rSmvJ/ 'guq kd aJG er,f
qd&k if vdwk m&J@qef@usib f uf tusKd ;oufa&mufra_ wG jzpfvmEdik yf gw,f?
162
ar; ? (tef-t,fv-f 'D)taeeJ@ vkyyf v kH yk ef nf;yHpk aH jymif;zd@k tcsed af &muf+yDxifygovm;?

ajz ? usrwdk@[m tpOft+rJyJ vkyfyHkvkyfenf;trsdK;rsdK;udk wpfcsdefwnf;rSmoHk;&ygw,f? vkyfyHkvkyfenf;
wckwnf;&,fv@kd r&Syd gb;l ? trsKd ;om;jyefvnf&if=um;apha&;jzpfajrmufz@kd twGuf vkyyf v kH yk ef nf; trsKd ;rsKd ;oH;k zd@k
&m usrwd@k utqifoifyh gy?J trsKd ;om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;[m jzpfujkd zpf&r,f? jzpfvnf;jzpfajrmufrmS yg? 'gay
r,fh Edik if eH @J jynfot l usKd ;twGuf tjrefjzpfajrmufz@kd vykd gw,f? æ pD;yGm;a&;tajctae[m qd;k &Gm;aew,f?
yd+k yD; qd;k zd@k vJ aocsmoavmufygy?J aemuf+yD; wjcm;udpaP wGvnf;&Syd gao;w,f? Oyrm- ynma&;/ use;f rma&;
ayg?h tckcsed rf mS jrefrmEdik if uH se;f rma&;eJ@ ywfoufv@kd ajym&&if (tdycf s-f tdik -f AG)D at-tdik -f 'Dtufp-f ta=umif;
xnfrh ajymvd@k rjzpfygb;l ? (tdycf s-f tdik -f AD§G at-tdik -f 'Dtufp)f [m 'DEikd if rH mS v#ijf refpmG jyef@ymG ;aeygw,f?
urBmhusef;rma&;tzGJ@}uD;uvnf; 'DudpPeJ@ywfoufvdk@ tawmfpdk;&drfylyifae&w,fvdk@ em;vnfxm;ygw,f?
jyif;jyif;xefxef ta&;,laqmif&u G rf _ r&S&d if r=umrDtwGi;f rSm xde;f rEdik f odr;f r&tqifu h kd a&mufomG ;r,fv@kd
xifaeygw,f? usrwd@k taeeJ@ vlom;csi;f pmemr_upd rP sm; (tdwcf s-f tdik -f AD§G at-tdik -f 'D-tufpf tygt0if )
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f wGi;f wu,ft h =hH op&mudpu P awmh vli,fawG&@J
axmufcrH y_ gy?J ajym&r,fq&kd ifawmh &efuek t f jyifuvli,fawG[m &efuek u f vli,fawGxufy+kd y;D tajctaeudk
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a&;udyk J pdw0f ifpm;ae=urSmygy?J æ
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todik ;f t0dik ;f ay:rSm b,fvt
kd usKd ;oufa&mufr&_ cdS yhJ govJ? 'Dupd [
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163
ajz ? 'DudpPa=umifh wqpfcsdK;ajymif;vJr_jzpfapcJhw,fvdk@qdk&if EdkifiHwumtodkif;t0dkif;eJ@ywfoufvdk@

pdwyf su&f rSmyJ? wu,fawmh'g[m odyt f =hH op&mudpaP wmh r[kwyf gb;l ? 'Dupd aP wGu tm%mydik af wG&@J apwem
eJ@ ywfoufv@kd ar;cGe;f xkwpf &m aemufwcsujf zpfygw,f? æ
ar; ? tm%mydik af wG[m bmjzpfv@kd trsK;d om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;udk rvdv k m;bl;vd@k xifygovJ?
ajz ? tajymif;tvJ rvdv k m;vd@k jzpfrmS yg? trsK;d om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;jzpf+yDq&kd if tajymif;tvJawG
u jzpfvmrSmyg? tajymif;tvJqw kd m vdv k m;onfjzpfap rvdvk m;onf jzpfap a&Smifvv $J @kd r&ygb;l æ 'ga=umifh
rd@k v@kd b,fvt kd ajymif;tvJawG 'DEikd if rH mS jzpfoifw
h ,fqw kd m usrwd@k twltajz&Smzd@k vykd gw,f?
ar; ? (tef-t,fv-f 'D) u (e-t-z) eJ@ vlom;csi;f pmemr_taxmuftyheH @J ywfoufv@kd yl;aygi;f aqmif
&Guzf @kd tqifoif&h w dS ,fv@kd ajym&mrSm 'Dvyk if ef;awGrmS wm0ef&rdS /_ jrifomodomEdik w f thJ ajctaeeJ@ vGwv f wG v f yf
vyf avhvmoH;k oyfjcif;pwJh vuQ%mawGe@J udu k n f &D r,fqw kd hJ (tef-t,fv-f 'D)&J@ tjrifa=umifv h m;?
ajz ? vlom;csi;f pmemwJt h axmuftyHeh @J ywfoufwhJ usrwd@k &@J ral wGe@J udu k nf v D @kd jzpfygw,f? apmapmu
usrajymcJw h t
hJ wdik ;f yJ pD;yGm;a&;ydwqf @kd r/_ taxmuftyHah y;r_/ urBmvSnchf &D;oGm;vkyif ef;rsm; ponfw@kd e@J qdik w f hJ
tajccHra_ wGrmS usrwd@k ajymif;vJjcif; r&Syd gb;l ? vlom;csi;f pmemwJt h axmuftulqikd &f mawGrmS yl;aygi;f jcif;[m
usrwd@k &@J tajccHra_ wGukd ajymif;vJ&ma&mufrmS r[kwyf gb;l ? bmjzpfv@kd vq J akd wmh vlom;csi;f pmemr_qikd &f m
taxmuftule@J ywfoufv@kd &&dS if wm0ef,rl _ jrifomodomEdik w f t hJ ajctaeeJ@ vGwv f wG v f yfvyf avhvm
oH;k oyfjcif;wd@k &&dS r,fqw kd m usrwd@k t+rJyaJ jymcJw h mjzpfygw,f? 'Dae&mrSm tajccHrrl sm;udk rxdcu kd b f J usrwd@k
taeeJ@ jynfjh ynf0h 0 vGwv f w
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yd+k yD;aumif;rGew f hJ &if=um;apha&;twGuf b,fvkd twlvyk o f mG ;Edik rf vJqw kd mudk tajz&SmEdik yf gw,f? yl;aygi;f
aqmif&u G af &;vkyif ef;[m ppfreS w f hJ trsKd ;om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;jzpfz@kd twGuf b,fvn kd EdS i_d ;f Edik rf vJqw kd m
udk odEikd zf @kd jzpfygw,f? yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G af &;[m usrwd@k tqifajyEdik rf vm;vd@k avhvm=unfw h mr[kwyf J b,fvkd
tqifajyatmifvkyfEdkifrvJvdk@ tajz&Smwmjzpfygw,f? wdkif;jynftusdK;twGuf usrwdk@=um;rSm tqifajy
atmifvkyf&ygvdrfhr,f?
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164
jrefrmh'r D udk a&pDacgif;aqmif a':atmifqef;pk-unf

2003 ckEp S /f arv(29)&ufaeŒ nu
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d ;f bkww
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h nfh rdeŒf cGe;f
“1947 ckEpS u f txufjrefrmEdik if rH mS pnf;¶k;H a&;c&D;oGm;

+yD;wJhaemufrSm azazuae+yD;awmh rkH&Gmudka&mufcJhygw,f?
tJvkd rk&H mG udak &mufwt hJ wGuf pnf;¶k;H a&;c&D;uvJenf;enf;
yrf;vmwJhtcgusawmh rkH&Gmudka&mufwJhtcgrSm rkH&Gmu
(zqyv)tzJ@G csKyfuae+yD;awmh olw@dk taeeJ@ em;em;aeae ae
xdik zf @dk twGuf pDpOfvu kd yf gw,f? pDpOfwt hJ cgawmh azaz u
b,fvakd jymvJqadk wmh rk&H mG uuG,f æ vdrmR w,f æ vd@k ajym
w,fw?hJ usrwd@k ajym&rSmu rk&H mG u vdrmR w,fv@kd ajymr,fh
tpm; rk&H mG u cdik rf mw,fv@kd usr ajymcsiyf gw,f? (=obm
oHrsm;)
bmjzpfv@kd vq J adk wmh rk&H mG u 1988 ckEpS ef @J rxl;bJ rxl;
jcm;em;bJ cdkifckdifrmrm&yfwnfaew,f? ydk+yD;awmhawmifrS
ckid rf m w,fqw dk m usrwk@d jrif&ygw,f? (=obmoHrsm;)
ydk+yD;ckdifrmvmwJhta=umif;udk usr pOf;pm;vdkufawmh 'g usr xifwmaemf? usrwkd@ jynfolvlxku
rw&m;wmudk róudub f ;l ? tEkid u f siw
hf mudk róudub (=obmoHrsm;) usrwkd@udk usrwk@d tzJ@G csKyfukd tck usr
f ;l ?(=obmoH
'D p nf ; ±H k ; a&;aygh a emf / ucsif jynf e ,f / t"d u uawmh ucsif j ynf e ,f p nf ; ¶k H ; a&; c&D ; pOf a ygh ?
csif;jynfe,ftxda&mufvmawmh usrwdk@uvJ ppfudkif;wkdif;/rauG;wkdif;/rE Wav;wkdif;rSm 0if+yD; awmh
wcsK@d òrd@e,fawGrmS usrwk@d 0ifvu kd rf ,fq+dk yD;awmh qk;H jzwf+yD;awmh c&D;pOfxrJ mS xnfw h mjzpfygw,f? tJ'D awmh
'D ucsifjynfe,fc&D;pOf p uwnf;uyJ usrwdk@&J@vkyfief;awGudkzsufvdkzsufqD;/ tEkdifhxufpD;eif;eJ@
}uH@cikd af &;zH@G òzd;a&;tzG@J u trsK;d rsK;d vkycf yhJ gw,f? tJ'aD wmh 'D[mawGukd usrwk@d trsm;}uD;onf;nnf;cHcyhJ gw,f?
qENjywmawmh wu,fawmh vlwidk ;f vlwidk ;f rSm qENjyykid cf iG &hf &dS r,fqw dk m usrwk@d &@J t,ltq usrwd@k &@J ,Hk
=unfcsuyf ?J tm%mydik af wGtaeeJ@ wu,fyJ vlwidk ;f vlwidk ;f rSm qENjyykid cf iG &hf &dS r,fqw dk m ,k=H unf&if vlwidk ;f
vlwidk ;f udk qENjyydik cf iG ahf y;&r,f? (rSefygw,f? rSefygw,f? =obmoHrsm;) 'gayr,fv h @kd txl;tcGit hf a&;taeeJ@
}u@H cidk zf @GH òz;d a&;tzJ@G ukd qENjyykid cf iG ahf y;wmudak wmh xm;vdu k yf gawmh usrwk@d 'gukd bmrS ody+f y;D awmhrajymvdyk gb;l ?
'gayr,fh wu,frh eS u f efwq hJ ENjyjcif;awmh r[kwyf gb;l ? wcsK@d jynfoal wG twif;t=uyf rvdu k rf ae&qk+d yD;awmh
ac:vm+yD;awmh qENjyckid ;f wmawGv&J ydS g w,f?
(=obmoHrsm;)
tJ'gtjyifrSm usrwkd@uvJ bmrSrwkef@jyefygbl;? bmrSrwkef@jyefbl;? usrwkd@taeeJ@ tm%mydkifawGudk
today;w,f? 'Dvykd J }uH@cidk zf @GH òzd;a&;tzJ@G u w&m;Oya'eJ@rnDwu hJ pd aP wGukd vkyaf eygw,fqadk yr,fv h J tm%m
ydik af wGu ta&;r,lb;l ? ta&;r,lawmh tm%mydik af wGu olw@dk vufrmS &Sw d ,fqw dk o hJ abmxm;eJ@ usrwd@k
uvJ bmrS rwke@f jyefb;l qkw d mudo k ad eawmh 'D }uHcidk zf @GH òzd;a&;tzJ@G uvJ wpxufwp yd+k yD;awmhq;dk vmw,f?
165
wpxuf wp yd+k yD;awmhq;dk vmw,fqw dk mu usrwk@d 'D rwW&m udk pOfu h ;l ukvd mwJt h cgrmS usnaf wmufayguf
&GmrSmusawmh wkwaf wG/ "m;awG/ avmufav;*GawG eJ@ usrwk@d &ŒJ tzJ@G awGukd usrwk@d ukd axmufcw H o hJ al wGukd
&rf;um;vmwJt h xdjzpfvmw,f? 'gayr,fh usrwk@d b,fvrkd rS wke@f jyefygb;l ? &Jpcef;rSmyJ tr_ziG v hf u kd yf gw,f?
bmjzpfvdk@vJqkdawmh usrwkd@u 'DEkdifiHrSm Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;&Sdovm; r&Sdovm;qkdwm aoaocsmcsmodcsifvdk@?
r&S&d ifvJ oufaoeJ@ aoaocsmcsmod&atmif? (=obmoHrsm;) 'Dawmh aemufwae@usawmh rwW&mrSmusawmh
xyf+yD;awmh wqifw h ;dk +yD;awmh usrwk@d ukd aESmif, h u S w f t hJ aeeJ@ usrwk@d tzJ@G csKyf¶;Hk xJrmS usrwk@d tzJ@G csKyf&@J y&d0% k f
twGi;f xJrmS usrwd@k vli,fz@GJ pnf;a&;vkyaf ecsed rf mS y&dowf tJ'u D tzJ@G csKyfu +cHuawmfawmfus,yf gw,f?
tck 'Duae [db k uf +cHpnf;¶k;d avmuf&rdS ,f? tJ'aD wmhy&dowfuvJ +cHxrJ mS yJ&w dS ,f? wcsK@d uvJ+cHtjyifrmS
vrf;[db k ufrmS &Sw d ,f? tJ'v D t kd csed rf mS 'D }uH@cidk zf @GH òzd;a&;tzJ@G u um;awGe@J atmfv}H uD;awGe@J vm+yD;awmh [dk
usrwk@d uakd ESmif, h u S f &efpwJo h abmeJ@vyk v f mw,f? vkyv f mawmh usrwk@d vJbmrS rvkyyf gb;l ? 'Dvykd J uk, d [hf m
ud,k q f ufvyk af ewke;f / 'DavmufawmifrS tEkid u f siw hf mud=k unfrh &wJh oHCmawmfawGuae+y;D awmh axmfvm*seD @J
vm+yD;awmh avmufav;*Ge@J ypfawmhryS J 'Dum;awGxu G o f mG ;w,f? (=obmoHrsm;)
tJ'aD wmh usrwd@k jrifwmuawmh oHCmawmfawGuvJ 'Dvkd wbufowftEkid u f siahf ewmudk =unfrh &
awmhv@dk vkyw f myJ? (=obmoHrsm;) 'g w&m;r#wr_ r&Sw d mud/k w&m;r#wr_ r&Sw d mudv k ufrcHEidk v f @kd 'Dvv kd yk w f myJ?
aemuf+yD;awmhvJ usrwk@d tzJ@G csKyftay:rSm u¶k%moufv@kd vyk w f myJ? wu,f wzufowfcaH e&w,fq+dk yD;wmh
tJ'aD wmh tckusrwk@d 'Dukd rk&H mG udv k mwJt h cgrmS vJ usrwk@d =um;wmaygah v? ppfuikd ;f wkid ;f rSm b,fv/kd }uH@cidk zf @GH òzd;
a&;tzJ@G awGukd b,fvpkd ak qmif;aew,f? b,fvu kd m;}u;D awG b,fEpS pf ;D eJ@ b,fEpS af ,muf ac:vmw,f pojzifh
pojzifh tJ vrf;rSmvJawG@ygw,f? um;awGa&m/ qENjywJv h al wGa&m um;awGuawmfawmfurkd sm;w,f? wjcm;
vlawGawmh um;ydwx f m;w,fv@kd ajymw,f? um;awGbmawG tck wavmiSm;vd@k r&bl;qkd tm;vk;H (=obm
oHrsm;)sm;)? 'gayr,fh tJ'DtzJG@uawmh um;awGawmfawmfrsm;ygw,f? tJ'Dawmh usrwkd@rkH&Gmudk0ifvmawmh
acsmif;OD;u tpaygah v/ usrwk@d acsmif;OD;u jynfov l x l u k a&m/ acsmif;OD;eJ@ rk&H mG =um;xJu&GmawGu jynfov l x l k
ua&m wcJeuf usrwk@d ut kd m;ay;axmufcw H m[m 'Dvkd rw&m;vkyw f m/ tEkid u f siw hf mudk róuduv f @kd axmufcH
aewmudv k J trsm;}uD;ygw,fv@kd usr 'Dvykd , J =Hk unfygw,f”
'Dawmh usrwkd@ rkH&Gmudk0ifvmawmh acsmif;OD;u tpayghav/ usrwkd@ acsmif;OD;ujynfolvlxkua&m/
acsmif;OD;eJ@rkH&Gm=um;xJu&GmawGu jynfolvlxkua&m wcJeuf usrwkd@udk tm;ay;axmufcHwm[m 'Dvdk
rw&m;vkyw f m/ tEkid u f siw hf mudk róuduv f @kd axmufcaH ewmudv k J trsm;}uD;ygw,fv@kd usr 'Dvykd , J =Hk unfyg
w,f? (=obmoH r s m ;) usr 'gawGusawmh usr tifrwefrS auseyfygw,f? bmjzpfv@kd vq J adk wmh tajccHtm;jzifh
usr wd@k jynfov l x l [ k m rw&m;wJu h pd aP wG róudub f ;l / tEkid u f siwhf mudk rESpòf rd@b;l ? cH&wJb h ufurkd S u¶k%m
oufw,fqw dk m 'g tifrwefraS umif;ygw,f? tJ'aD wmh usrwk@d 'gq&dk if 'Dvpkd w d "f mwfawGut dk ajccH+yD;awmh
'Dru kd a&pDEidk if }H uD;wckux kd al xmif&rSm? trSew f &m;onf tiftm;/ tiftm;onf trSew f &m;r[kwb f ;l qkw d hJ
,k=H unfcsuef @J usrwk@d &@J 'Dru kd a&pDEidk if aH wmfukd xlaxmifz@kd vykd gw,f? usrwk@d 'Dru kd a&pDxal xmifr,fq+dk yD;
awmhajymaewm[m w&m;Oya'pd;k rk;d a&; &Sad pcsiv f @kd / w&m;r#wjcif; &Sad pcsiv f @dk / b,fou l rS b,fo@l ukd w&m;
Oya'eJ@ rudu k n f b D eJ @J tEkid u f siw hf mawG/ [dk Akv d u f swmawG rvkyEf idk b f ;l ? tJ'aD wmh tJ'v D t kd ajctae&Szd @dk twGuf
usrwk@d [m jynfov l x l u k kd tmrcHEidk cf suaf y;r,fph epfvw kd ,f? pepf[m tifrwefrS ta&;}uD;ygw,f? usrudk
&Hzef&cH gar;ygw,f/ pepfe@J tJ vle@J rle@J b,f[myd+k yD;awmhta&;}uD;vJaygah emf? usru jrifygw,f? (2)ckpvk;H
ta&;}uD;w,f? vlawGu b,favmufawmfawmf rlaygh pepfu/ pepfuraumif;bl;qkv d @kd &&dS if 'D raumif;wJh
pepfxrJ mS awmfwv hJ al wG/ aumif;wJv h al wGu EHx G rJ mS epfovdek pfaer,f? ¶ke;f vd@k r&bl;jzpfaer,faemf? (=obmoH
rsm;)
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vlawGu rawmfb;l qkv d @kd &&dS if Ekid if wH Ekid if rH mS wk;d wufr&_ EdS idk rf mS r[kwb f ;l ? tJ'aD wmh ta&;}uD; wmu pepfu
166
rSezf @kd aumif;zk@d vv J w kd ,f? vlawGuawmfz@kd óud; pm;zd@k vv J w kd ,f? tJ'aD wmh usrwk@d &ŒJ jrefrmEkid if u H jynfov l x l k
[m 'Dvpkd epfaumif;&wJt h cgrmS Ekid if w H ;dk wufz@dk twGuf Ekid if aH t;csr;f om,mzk@d twGuf vkyaf y;Ekid w f /hJ t&nf
tcsi;f &Sw d hJ jynfov l x l v k m;qkd usrwk@d o;Hk oyfvu kd v f @kd &&dS if usrwk@d u 'D t&nftcsi;f eJ@jynfph w Hk ,fv@kd xifw,f?
bmjzpfv@kd usr 'Dvx dk ifvq J w dk m ta=umif;u (2)a=umif;ayg?h wa=umif;uawmh t&iforkid ;f t&aygah emf?
[dk æ vGwv f yfa&;&+yD;pOf umvacwfwek ;f uqkv d @kd &&dS if usrwd@k Eidk if [ H m usrwk@d ta&S@awmiftm&SrmS qkv d @kd &&dS if
twk;d wufq;Hk Ekid if jH zpfw,f? 'g wcsed w f cg wke;f u usrwk@d &@J Eidk if u H Ekid if o H El idk if o H m;awGu usrwd@k a'orSm
a&S@ajy;jzpfEidk af vmufatmifukd t&nftcsi;f &S&d if pepfuae+yD;awmhaumif;vd@k &&dS if 'Dvt kd &nftcsi;f awG xyf+yD;
awmh jyefray:vmp&mta=umif; bmrSr&Sb d ;l ? aemufwckuvJ tckacwfrmS usrwk@d jrefrmEkid if u H pD;yGm;a&;
tajctaeraumif;wJt h cgusawmh Ekid if &H yfjcm;udo k mG ;+yD;awmh rdrw d @dk ro d m;pkawGtwGu/f [kd b0&yfwnfEidk zf @dk
twGuf ydkufqH&Sm&w,faygh? oGm;+yD;awmhtvkyfvkyf&w,f? ydkufqH&SmwJhtvkyfvkyf&wJhvlawG awmfawmf
rsm;rsm;&Sd w,f? usrwk@d Eidk if rH mS ? tJ'v D kd Ekid if &H yfjcm;udk pGe@f pGe@f pm;pm;oGm;+y;D awmh toufarG;0rf;a=umif;twGuf
tvkyv f yk w f hJ jrefrmEkid if o H El idk if o H m;awG[m atmifatmifjrifjrif&w dS ,f? trsm;pku awmfawmfu h kd atmifjrif
w,f? [dk oabFmom;awGqv dk @kd &&dS if jrefrmoabFmom;awGqv dk @kd &&dS if wbufuvnf;*k%, f &l w,f/ wbufu
vnf; oem;&w,f/ &ifem&w,f? *k%, f l &w,fqw dk m bmjzpfv@dk vq J adk wmh jrefrmoabFmom;awG[m tvkyf
odyv f yk w f myJq+dk yD;awmh Ekid if jH cm;ukr% ` D awGu oabmusw,f? jrefrmoabFmom;awGqv dk @kd &S&d if iSm;csiw f ,f?
olw@dk twGuf oem;p&maumif;w,f/ &ifemp&maumif;w,fqw dk m jrefrmoabFmom;awGu b,favmufcikd ;f
ckid ;f ckid ;f vd@k v&J w,f? vc ESrd af y;vd@k &&dS ifv, J w l ,f? jrefrmEkid if u H ol@&@J Eidk if o H m;awGukd jyef+yD;awmh rumuG,b f ;l
qk+d yD;awmh vkyif ef;&Siaf wGu jrefrmoabFmom;awGukd tcGit hf a&;,lwmrsK;d awG&w dS ,f?(=oomoHrsm;)
tJ'aD wmh 'goabFmom;awGwif r[kwb f ;l ? wjcm;ae&mawGrmS vJ'v D ykd ?J 'Dawmh pepfurSev f @kd &vdS @kd &&dS if
usrwk@d Eidk if o H El idk if oH m;awG rwk;d wufp&m ta=umif;r&Sb d ;l qkw d m xif&mS ;ygw,f? (=obmoHrsm;;)
'gah =umifh usrwk@d [m 'Dvkd jynfov l xl u k t kd cGit hf a&;tjynft h 0ay;r,fph epfwckukd xlaxmifz@dk óud;pm;ae
wmyg? usrwkd@qkdwm jynfolvlxkudk csrf;omatmifvkyfay;r,fhpepfvdk@ tJ'Dvdkrajymygbl;? tcGifhta&;
tjynft h 0ay;r,fph epf/ tJ't D cGit hf a&;udk rSerf eS u f efuefo;Hk vd@k &&dS if ZJ/G 0D&, d /vkv H eJ@vyk rf ,fqv dk @kd &&dS if usrwk@d
Ekid if [ H m csr;f omEkid rf ,f? at;csr;f Ekid rf ,f? pnf;vk;H r_[m tifrwefrt S a&;}uD;ygw,f? usrwk@d Eidk if [ H mjynf
axmifpkyg? wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;aygif;pkHeJ@zJG@xm;wJh jynfaxmifpkjzpfygw,f? tJ'ga=umifhrkd@vkd@ at;csrf;r_[m
tifrwefrS ta&;}uD;ygw,f? vGwv f yfa&;&+yD;wJh tcsed u f mvu p+yD;awmh jynfwiG ;f vufeufuikd f aomif;use;f
r_ awGtrsK;d rsK;d &Scd yhJ gw,f? tckqv dk @kd &&dS if typftcwf&yfpaJ &;oabmwlncD suaf wG&adS yr,fh typftcwf&yfpaJ &;
qkw d m +idr;f csr;f a&; r[kwyf gb;l ? +idr;f csr;f a&;oabmwlncD suaf wGawmh r&Sad o;ygb;l ? tJ'aD wmh +idr;f csr;f a&;
oabmwlncD suaf wG&zdS @dk usrwk@d &@J jynfaxmifpt k wGi;f rSm +ird ;f csr;f r_tmrcHz@dk qw dk m Ekid if aH &;enf;vrf;eJ@yJ vkyv f @kd &
ygw,f? Ekid if aH &;t& wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;tm;vk;H [m oabmwlnD trsm;twGuaf umif;usK;d ay;r,fjh ynfaxmifpk
wckux kd al xmifr,fq+dk y;D awmh qk;H jzwfcsucf svu kd w f t hJ cgrS usrwd@k Eidk if [ H m wu,fyaJ t;csr;f oGm;+yv D @kd owfrw S f
Ekid rf mS yg? tJvkd at;csr;f oGm;+yq D &dk if Ekid if u H vJat;csr;f r,f/ jynfov l x l u k vJ tcGit hf a&;awGukd tjynft h 0ay;&
r,f? usrwk@d Ekid if o H El idk if oH m;awG ud, k t hf pGr;f tpeJ@ ud, k u hf , kd f udck sr;f omatmif/ ud, k w hf idk ;f jynfuckd sr;f omatmif
vkyEf idk w f t hJ cGit hf a&;awGtrsm;}uD;&rSmyg? 'Dawmh 'Dru kd a&pD[m tcGit hf a&;ay;wJph epf/ vkòH cHra_ y;wJph epf/vGwf
vyfra_ y;wJph epf/ tJ'D &xm;wJv h w G v f yfre_ @J / vkòH crH e_ @J tcGit hf a&;awGabmiftwGi;f rSm jynfov l x l u k ud, k Ehf idk if wH ;dk
wufatmif ud, k óf ud;pm;&r,f?wk;d wufatmifóud;pm;csiw f hJ pdwf "mwf &S&d r,f? óud;pm;csiw f hJ t&nftcsi;f
&S&d r,f? tJ'v D kd t&nftcsi;f awG&adS tmifv@kd Ekid if aH wmfu tjynft h 0uln&D r,f? qkv d w kd mu Ekid if aH wmfu
tqifjh rifw h yhJ nma&;pepf vlawGrmS &Sad tmifvyk af y;&r,f? tqifjh rifw h yhJ nma&;pepfr&Sb d eJ @J usr wk@d &@J jynfol
awG[m wk;d wufrmS r[kwb f ;l ? (axmufcHoHrsm;)
167
usr em;vnfw,f/ usrwk@d ausmif;om;awGu tckynma&;pepfe@J ywfoufv@kd auseyfr_ r&Sb d ;l ? (axmufcH

oHrsm;) auseyfrr_ &Sad wmh wbufuae=u!hv f @kd &&dS ifawmh 'g 0rf;enf;p&maumif;wmayg?h usrwk@d &@J vil ,fawG[m
'Dynma&;pepfe@J ywfoufv@kd auseyfrr_ &Sb d ;l ?wbufuae=unfv h @kd &&dS ifawmh 'gaumif;wJv h uQ%myJ? tqifrh &Sd
wJph epfukd tqifh r&Sb d ;l vd@k ow d m[m tifrwefraS umif;ygw,f? (=obmoHrsm;)
tqift h wef;rrDwhJ ynma&;pepfukd ody+f yD;awmhtxif}uD;aevd@k &&dS if usrwk@d b,fvv kd yk w f ;dk wufrmS vJ?
'gav;eJ@auseyfaerSmvm;? tJ'Dawmhusrwkd@vli,fawGu rsufpdyGifhem;yGifhr_&Sdw,f?wcsKd@vli,fawGuawmh
ud, k t hf wGuf ud, k yf J pOf;pm;w,f? ud, k af t;at;csr;f csr;f aecsiw f ,f? 'Dvkd [dk tckacwf acwfay:ypPn;f awG
ok;H csiw f ,f/ pm;csiw f ,f/aomufcsiw f ,f/ aysmcf siw f ,f/yg;csiw f ,f? 'Dvv kd il ,fawGawmh 'gawmh usrwk@d Eidk if w H if
r[kwyf gb;l ? Ekid if w H idk ;f vdv k rkd mS &Sw d ,fayg?h 'gayr,fh usrwk@d vil ,ftawmfrsm;rsm;[m Ekid if aH &;pdw"f mwf &Sw d ,f
qkw d m usrawG@&w,f? Ekid if aH &;pdw"f mwf&w dS mvJ b,forl S roifxm;bJe@J aemf/ tckacwfqv dk @kd &&dS if Ekid if aH &;qkd
tm;ay;rSm r[kwb f ;l ? [dk usrwd@k vGwv f yfa&;acwfwek ;f uqk&d if tJ ocifaygupf axmif(6)vqk+d yD;awmh
ajcmuf=uw,f? usrwk@d acwfrmS awmh Ekid if aH &;vkyv f @kd axmif(6)vqkw d m &Dawmif&cD siaf o;w,f? (=obm
oHrsm;)
axmifu ajcmufvqdv k @kd &&dS ifawmh tem;,lomG ;w,fv@kd yJ xif&rSmayg?h tJawmh 'DavmufawmifrS Edik if aH &;
udk tm; ray;wJah cwf? Edik if aH &;rSm vl}uD;/ vli,fra&G; pdwf r0ifpm;atmifvyk af ewJah cwf}uD;rSm vli,fawG[m
Edik if aH &;pdw"f mwf&v dS mw,f? vli,fawGu olw@kd u, kd of w l @kd Edik if aH &;pdw"f mwf&rdS eS ;f awmif od&ŒJ vm;awmh rod
bl;? 'gayr,fh Edik if aH &;pdw"f mwf&w dS ,f? usrwd@k bmvd@k &v dS J ajymvJqw kd m[m 'DtajctaeawGrmS ajymif;vJ&
r,fqw kd mem;vnfw,f? ajymif;vJru _ kd vdv k m;w,f? aemuf+y;D awmhvJ rjzpfoifw h mawGjzpfaewm? rw&m;wJh
udpaP wGjzpfaewmudk vH;k 0 rauseyfb;l ? tJ'ga=umifh usrajymaewm? (=obmoHrsm;) apmapmu usrajymovdk
ayg?h usrwd@k ukd jynfov l x l u k ae+yD;awmh usrwd@k tzG@J csKyf&ŒJ vkyif ef;pOf/ usrwk@d tzG@J csKyf&@J rlawGuo kd abmusv@kd
axmufcHwmqd&k ifvJ usrwk@d oabmuswmyJ? tJvakd xmuf cHrq _ &kd if usrwd@k óuq d w kd ,f? 0rf;omw,f? 'gayr,fh
'Drw&m;r_ukd róuduv f @kd usrwd@k ukd axmufcw H ,fq&dk if usr yd+k yD;awmhñuduw f ,f? (=obmoHrsm;) rw&m;r_
udk róuduw f hJ Edik if oH /l Edik if o H m;awG[m rdrdw@kdEikd if rH mS w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;twGuf xdxad &mufa&mufvyk af y;Edik w f hJ
Edik if o
H El ikd if o H m;awG? w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;qdkwm[m vlwdkif;vlwdkif;udk Oya'abmifatmufrmS wef;wlnw D l
umuG,rf a_ y;xm;+y;D awmh Edik if aH wmfe@J Edik if o H l Edik if o H m;awGuv kd òkH cHra_ y;wJh pepfy?J tckaemufyikd ;f rSm usrwd@k rd;k ukw/f
rE aW v;/ acsmif;OD;/r&k H mG 'Dbufyik d ;f awG a&mufvmwJt h cgusawmh usr=unfv h u kd w f thJ cgusawmh usrwd@k &ŒJ jynfov l l
xkukd 'Dru kd a&pDe@J rxdu k w f efb;l vd@k ajymwJv h al wGu jynfov l x l ek @J xad wG@r_ vH;k vH;k r&Sb d ;l xifw,fv@kd usr
xifw,f? (=obmoHrsm;)us ;) rwd@k jynfo[ l m 'Dru kd a&pDe@J xu kd w f efw,fqw kd m usrwd@k ,=kH unfw,f? 'gayr,fh
usrwd@k 'rD u kd a&pD&zd@k qw kd mawmh óu;d pm;&rSmyJ? bmrS tvum;r&bl;aemf? vG,v f , G ef @J awmhr&bl;? vG,v f , G ef @J
ay; csiv f @kd &&dS if ay;wm=umvS+yD? (15)ESpv f ;kH vH;k ? (&DoHrsm;)
'Dawmh vG,v f , G ef @J r&wJu h pd rP @kdv@kd óu;d pm;yrf;pm;eJ@vyk &f r,f? usrwd@k tzG@J csKyu f jynfov l x l u k kd ay;xm;wJh
uwdtwkid ;f jrefrmEdik if rH mS 'Dru kd a&pDpepfxeG ;f um;zd@k twGu/f wnfwchH idk rf mzd@k twGu/f xyf+yD;awmh usrwd@k óud;
pm;rSmyJ? &wJt h xd vkyo f mG ;rSmyJ? (=obmoHrsm;) atmifjrifr,f ratmifjrifb;l qdw k m ar;p&mta=umif;
r&Sdbl;? atmifjrifr,f? 'gayr,fhvJ b,favmufjrefjref atmifjrifr,fqdkwJhar;cGef;u ta&;}uD;w,faemf?
bmjzpfv@kd vJqakd wmh 'Dru kd a&pDpepfxeG ;f um;zd@k =umavav wdik ;f jynfemavavyJ? pD;yGm;a&;u wae@xuf
wae@usaew,fqw kd m usrwd@k jynfov l x l t k m;vH;k odw,f? ukeaf ps;E_e;f awGu wufw,f/ pD;yGm;a&;u us
w,f? 'g[m tm;vH;k odw,f? 'Dvt kd ajctaerSm wkid ;f jynfwjynf[m xyf+yD;awmh =um =umaevd@k &&dS if jynfol
vlxk trsm;}u;D 'kuaQ &mufrmS yJ? 'Davmufqakd wmh usrwk@d tajymif;tvJu tjrefvw kd ,fqw kd m[m pD;yGm;a&;eJ@
Edik if aH &;[m cGjJ cm;vd@k r&bl;? 'D Edik if &H ŒJ pD;yGm;a&;pepf nHzh si;f aewm[m Ekid if aH &;pepf nH@zsi;f vd@k yjJ zpfw,f? (=obm
168
oHrsm;) tJ'aD wmh pD;yGm;a&orm;awGqw kd mvJ rdrw d @kd &ŒJ Oya'abmiftwGi;f rSm rdrw d @kd &ŒJ vkyyf ikd cf iG ahf wGe@J vHv k òkH cHòcH
vkyyf ikd cf iG &hf &dS r,f? tJ'v D &kd w
dS hJ pepfrmS rS wdik ;f jynf[m pD;yGm;a&;t&wd;k wufEikd rf mS ? 'Dawmh usrwd@k 'Dru kd a&pD
jrefjrefvckd siw f ,f? b,favmufjrefjrefvckd sio f vJq?kd wcsK@d uawmh ajymwmaygah emf/ tcsed , f &l r,f/ bm tcsed , f l
csiv f J (15)ESpw f m awmfavmuf+yDv@kd usrxifw,f? (=obmoHrsm;) 'gayr,fh usrwk@d u tjrefq;Hk 'Dru kd a&pD&
atmifv@kd usrwk@d óud;pm;aew,f? 'D óud;pm;wJah e&mrSm jynfov l x l &k ŒJ axmufcrH [ _ m usrwd@k twGuf ta&;}u;D
qH;k yJ? 'Dru kd a&pD&zd@k uawmh usrwd@k ody+f y;D awmhoo H ,jzpfp&mta=umif; r&Sb d ;l ? &udk &r,f? bmjzpfv@kd vq J akd wmh
jynfov l x l &k ŒJ qENu tJ'b D ufrmS &Sw d ,f? 'DurBm&J@ ordik ;f a&pD;a=umif;u 'Dru kd a&pDbufrmS &Sw d ,f? urBmu h v k
or*~e@J wuG urBmEh ikd if t H rsm;pku jrefrmEdik if &H ŒJ 'Dru kd a&pDvy_ &f mS ;r_udk axmufcw H ,f/ tm;ay;=uw,f? 'Dawmh
usrwdk@[m 'Drdkua&pD&rSm? &wJhtcgusvdk@&Sd&if 'Drdkua&pDwnfwHhcdkif+rJatmifvkyfzkd@awmh usruae+yD;awmh
rH&k mG òrd@o/l òrd@om;rsm;udk owday;csiw f ,f? bmjzpfv@kd usr'Dvakd jymwmvJ qdak wmh rH&k mG ðrd@o/l ðrd@om;rsm;[m
usr apmapmuajymovdk cdik rf mw,f/ tiftm;awmifw h ,f? ud, k &hf ŒJ tiftm;udk rSerf eS u f efuefo;Hk zk@d vw kd ,f?
'D tiftm;udk pnf;urf;wuse@J rSerf eS u f efuefo;kH r,fqv kd @kd &&dS if usrwd@k Eikd if [ H m tjref}uD;wd;k wufvrd rhf ,f?
'Dru kd a&pDpepfrmS tjref}uD;wd;k wufvrd rhf ,f? }uD;rm;wJt h iftm;udk tvGo J ;kH pm;vkyv f @kd &&dS ifawmh tE &W m,f&dS
wwfygw,f? tJ'ga=umifrh @dk vd@k usrwd@k &ŒJ jynfov l x l [ k m 'Dru kd a&pD&wJt h cg usv@kd &&dS if ud, k w hf m0efawGuv kd J
odapcsiw f ,faemf? 'Dru kd a&pDqw kd m tcGit hf a&;}uD;yJ r[kwb f ;l wm0efv&J w dS ,f? 'Dru kd a&pDpepf&iS o f efz@kd qw kd m
[m tpOft+rJyóJ ud;pm;ae=u&w,f? [dk usrwd@k Edik if o H El ikd if o H m;awG&hJ tm;enf;csuw f cku bmvJqakd wmh
udpw P ckukd p +yD;vd@k qv kd @kd &&dS if/ 'grrS [kwf vkyif ef;wckukd p+yD;qdv k @kd &&dS if xde;f odr;f wJah e&mrSm enf;enf;tm;enf;
w,f? Oyrmtm;jzifh vrf;awGayg?h vrf;awGazmuf+yD;awmh 'gayr,fv h rf;awG xde;f odr;f jcif;r&Sv d @kd usew f v hJ rf;
awGu aygu+f yJ csKid ahf wGjzpfaemf? (=obmoHrsm;) 'guawmh trsm;oH;k wJv h rf;qdak wmh b,forl *S &krpdu k b f ;l qdk
wJh oabmrsKd ;rd@k v@dk vm;awmh rodb;l ? tJvq kd &kd if raumif;bl;? usrxyfwvJvaJ jymygw,f? trsm;ydik yf pPn;f udk
ud, k yf ikd yf pPn;f xuf wefz;kd xm;&r,f/ av;pm;&r,f? tJ'v D kd trsm;ydik yf pPn;f udk ud, k yf ikd yf pPn;f xuf wefz;kd xm;Edik f
wJph w d &f rdS S usrwd@k wu,fw;kd wufw'hJ rD u kd a&pDpepfjzpfr,f?
aemuf+yD;awmh usrwd@k u, kd yf ikd t
f rd , f mawGq&kd ifvJ usr wd@k jrefrmvlrsKd ;awmfawmfrsm;rsm;[m tdrf yxr
p aqmufwek ;f u tdru f vSyoef@&iS ;f ae+y;D awmh aemufawmh xde;f odr;f r_ae&mrSm odyrf vkycf sib f ;l ? yku d q
f t H ukef
cH+yD;awmh tdru f kd rxde;f odr;f csib f ;l ? jyifwmqdw k m rvkycf sib f ;l ? ysuw f mudk qufae aew,f? tJawmh tdrf
wtdr[ f m (4-5-6)ESpf =umwJh tcgusawmh tajctaeu odyrf vSawmhb;l ? wajz;ajz;ysupf ;D ,d, k iG ;f vmw,f?
wu,fqv kd @kd &&dS if tdraf wG[m quf+y;D awmh xde;f odr;f xm;r,fqv kd @kd &&dS if ESp&f mcs+D y;D awmhcw H ,f? olw@dk Oa&myrSm
qkv d @kd &&dS if Oa&myEkid if aH wGrmS olw@dk vlrsK;d toD;oD;aygah emf? olw@dk awG[m tJvkd xde;f odr;f r_ae&mrSmawmh awmf
w,f? [k;d ESp&f maxmife@J cs+D yD;awmh tJ &yfwnf&adS ewJh taqmufttkaH wGawmif olw@dk aumif;aumif;xde;f
odr;f xm;Ekid w f ,f? tJ'gu olw@dk &@J "avh/xk;H pH/,Ofaus;r_t& xde;f odr;f r_ae&mrSm awmfw,f? tJ'aD wmh usrwk@d
'Dru kd a&pDqdk &vd@k &&dS ifvJ 'Dru kd a&pD&+yD;¶keH @J r+yD;ao;bl;? 'Drkd ua&pDux kd ed ;f odr;f &r,f? xde;f odr;f zk@d twGuf usrwk@d
&if;ES;D &r,f? bm&if;ES;D &rvJq&dk ifawmh pdw"f mwftiftm;&if;ES;D &r,f? vkyt f m;&if;ES;D &r,f? pdw"f mwf tiftm;qdk
wm 'Dru kd a&pDtcGit hf a&;awGukd tvGo J ;kH pm;rvky&f bl;? tcGit hf a&;awGu/kd vGwv f yfciG ahf wGukd rSerf eS u f efuef
oHk;&r,f? aemuf+yD;awmh 'Drdkua&pDudkxdyg;apr,fhudpPawGudk usrwdk@umuG,f&r,f? aemuf vkyftm;aygh?
vkyt f m;qdw k m &wJt h cGit hf a&;udk wdik ;f jynfcsr;f omzd@k twGuf wk;d wufz@dk twGuo f ;kH &r,f? tJ usrwd@k tJvpkd w d f
"mwf tiftm;eJ@/vkyt f m;eJ@ xde;f odr;f oGm;+yD;awmh cdik rf moGm;rS 'D pepfw&yfcikd rf moGm;rS usrwd@k aemifvm
aemufom;awGtwGuf usrwd@k rsKd ;qufopfawG wquf+yD;wquf usrwd@k [mpdwcf s&+yDv@kd ajymEkid rf mS jzpfyg
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169
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170
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,ae@owif;pmq&m}u;D rsm;tm; trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS a':pk=unfO;D aqmif+y;D OD;wifO;D tygt0if
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zdtm;ay;vmatmiftjypfr&Sd tjypf&mS / jzpfvmonfukd yk}H uD;cs@J onf@0g'jzef@csrd a_ wGEiS hf [efcsun f D vkyaf qmifae
onfuakd wG@&onf@ta=umif;/ TudprP sm;ESihf ywfoufI jzpf&yftrSeu f &kd iS ;f jy&efjzpfa=umif;/ trSerf mS ,ckuo hJ @kd
ykwcf wfpyG pf rJG r_ sm;udk tjyef tvSeaf jz&Si;f ae&onf@tvkyrf sK;d rdrw d @kd rvkyv f akd =umif;/ od@k aomf ,cktcsed t f cgwiG f
jzpf&yfreS t f ajctaersm;udx k if&mS ;pGmajymqd&k ef vdt k yfaeonf@twGuf ajymqk&d jkcif; jzpfa=umif;//
a':pk=unfEiS hf tifet f ,fvt f zG@J u2kd 002ckEpS /f arvup+yD;jynfe,fEiS w hf ikd ;f rsm;rSm&Sod nf@ ygw0D ifrsm;ESihf
awG@q&Hk ef vGwv f yfpmG oGm;vmcGijhf yKcJah =umif;/ xk@d a=umifah ':pk=unftaejzifh 11-6-2002&ufae@r1S 5-6-2002
&ufae@ txd rGejf ynfe,f/ omrn/ 22-6-2002&ufae@r2S 9-6-2002&ufae@txdrE aW v;wdik ;f / rauG;wdik ;f
twGi;f (16)òrd@e,f/ 20-7-2002rS 23-7-2002txd rGejf ynfe,fEiS hf u&ifjynfe,ftwGi;f (12)òrd@e,f/ 14-
7-2002 rS 17-7-202002 txd yJc;l wdik ;f twGi;f (14)òr@d e,f/ 13-11-2002r/S 27-11-2002 txd &Sr;f jynfe,f
twGi;f (17)òrd@e,f/ 16-12-2002 rS 24-12-2002 txd &cdik jf ynfe,f/ rauG;wdik ;f ESihf {&m0wDwikd ;f twGi;f
(15)òrd@e,f/ 3-4-2003 rS 13-4-2003 txd rauG;wdik ;f ESihf csi;f jynfe,ftwGi;f (21)òrd@e,f pojzifh pkpak ygi;f
(95)òrd@e,f oGm;a&mufcahJ =umif;/ ,ck c&D;pOfuakd r (6)&ufrpS +yD; rE aW v;wdik ;f / ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f / ucsijf ynfe,f/
&Sr;f jynfe,f/ ,if;rSwqifh rE aW v;wdik ;f rd;k ukwòf r@d o@kd jyefvnf0ifa&muf+y;D / ,cktcg rE aW v;rSwqifh rk&H mG bufo@kd
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taersm;udk awG@jrifomG ;v#if rlvu pGu J ikd x
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wa,mufozG,f {nf@cjH yKpk+yD; &Si;f vif;jyocJyh ga=umif;//
rlv pwif+yD;c&D;xGupf Ofu c&D;oGm;onf@tcg ESpzf ufnEd‡ id_ ;f oabmwl+yD;rS oGm;&ef/ vlpv k al 0;rsm;ESihf
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vli,ftzG@J zG@J pnf;jcif;/ &k;H cef;zGijhf cif; ponf@ygwpD nf;&k;H a&;vkyif ef;rsm;jyKvkycf ahJ =umif;/ xdrk #rubJ vltrsm;udk
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171
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awmftpd;k &.tm;enf;csuu f &kd mS +yD; tjypftemtqmrsm;udk vky}f uHy}Hk uD;cs@J ajymqdo k nfu rsm;vma=umif;
aemufqkH;jynfolvlxkudk wdkufyGJ0if&efv_@Haqmfajr‡mufay;aeonfudkyJawG@&a=umif;/ c&D;pOfwpfckxufwpfck
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qdik &f m0ef;xrf;rsm;tay: pGypf yJG w k cf wfajymqdrk r_ sm/ Xmeqdik &f m0efxrf;rsm;/ a'otm%mydik rf sm;ESihf toif;tzG@J
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owif;rSm;rsm;jzpfa=umif;/ ud, k b hf ufu aumif;owif;usawmh omomxd;k xk;d ajymolrsm; acsuw f eG ;f owif;
usawmh}uHzefvyk }f uH+yD; yk}H uD;cs@J / xdo k wif;rsm;udk e,fuae &efuek u f akd y;/ &efuek u f vnf;owif;rsm;udk jynfy
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udk'Drdkua&pDta=umif;jy+yD; aoG;xkd;v_H@aqmfr_rsm;onf EdkifiHawmf.wnf+idrfat;csrf;r_udk xdcdkufysufjym;ap
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tjzpftysut f csK@d ukd qufvufwifjyrnfjzpfa=umif;//
ar (6)&ufwiG af ':pk=unfEiS t hf zG@J ucsijf ynfe,fuckd &D;xGu&f ef&adS =umif;ESihf c&D;pOfomG ;&if;òrd@e,ftcsK@d ukd
qdik ;f bkww f ifomG ;vdak =umif;udk rdrw d @kd bufuakd r(2)&ufwiG f today;ajym}um;vma=umif;// od@k jzif(h 4)&ufae@wiG f
qdik ;f bkww f ifEikd af omòrd@e,ftcsK@d ukd cGijhf yKa=umif;udk jyef=um;yga=umif; / xdt k cgwiG f ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f / rE aW v;wdik ;f
ESihf &Sr;f jynfe,fxu J aemufxyf (16)òrd@e,f xyfrcH iG jhf yKcsuaf wmif;cHyga=umif; ,if;txJwiG f qdik ;f bkw&f jdS yD;om;
òrd@e,ftcsK@d ygaeonfuakd wG@&a=umif;/ xkòd rd@e,frsm;cGijhf yKcsuu f kd b,fvekd nf;ESirhf S tcsed rf cD iG jhf yKcsu&f atmif vkyf
vd@k r&yga=umif;/ rdrw d @kd bufrmS vnf; tcuftcJawG&ydS ga=umif;/ &k;H ydw&f ufcaH eonfawGvnf;&Sad =umif; wm0ef&dS
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òrd@e,ftrnfyJ yg&adS =umif;/ rnfonf@ae&mwGiw f ifrnf/ rnfo@l trd jf zpfonfqo kd nf@ vdypf mawG tcsut f vuf
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awGuykd g tcsed rf q D ikd ;f bkwrf sm;wifEidk af tmif c&D;pOfumvtwGi;f rSmyJ vdu k v f u kd af vsmavsmaqmif&u G af y;cJh
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wdik af tmif ajyvnfapvdo k nf@oabmESihf vdu k af vsmaqmif&u G af y;cJw h mcsn;f yJ jzpfyga=umif;//
a':pk=unfO;D aqmifaom OD;wifO;D tygt0if tifet f ,fv'f D aemufvu dk af emufygwpfp. k ucsijf ynfe,f
172
bufuo kd mG ;a&mufco hJ nf@ v_y&f mS ;r_jzpfpOftcsK@d uw kd ifjy&v#if ,if;ud=k unf@jcif;tm;jzifh b,fv&dk nf&, G cf suf
awGEiS hf b,fvt kd =ut H pnfawGEiS hf aqmif&u G af eonfqw kd m xif&mS ;pGmawG@jrifEikd yf ga=umif;// ar(8)&uf rE aW v;
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[Ge;f awGus,af vmifpmG wD;+yD; armif;ESi=f ua=umif;/ ppfuikd ;f rS a&$badk &mufonftxdjzpfa=umif;//
'Dvv kd yk af eonfukd um;xJrmS vdu k yf gvmaom vl}uD;awGoo d vm;/ rodb;l vm;awmh usaemfw@kd rodyg
a=umif;/ odk@aomfvnf; c&D;pOfwpfav#mufvkH; 'DykHpHjzifhqdkifu,fawGw0D0DESifh jcH&H+yD;oGm;vmcJhonfudkawG@&
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pD;(40)avmufonf ,mOfwef;.a&S@rmS ESppf if;wG, J Of+yD; vrf;udyk w d qf @kd +yD;armif;ESi=f ua=umif;/ qdik u f ,fawGEiS hf
jcH&x H m;onf@,mOfwef;u aemufuvdu k yf gvma=umif;/ rd;k ukwòf rd@v,faumifukd jzwfoef;+yD; wnf;cdo k nf@
ae&mtxdjzpfa=umif;/ xk@d a=umifh ,mOfomG ;vmr_ vrf;ydwq f @dk r_ awGjzpfc&hJ a=umif; rd;k ukwrf rS E aW v;oGm;onf@
c&D;pOfrSmvnf; qdkufu,frsm; pnf;urf;rJhpGmarmif;ESif+yD;vdkufygcJha=umif;/ xkd@a=umifhrdk@ ykodrf}uD;òrd@e,f/
ykord af v;aus;&GmrSm aus;&Gmol rjrwfoif;ol qdo k nf@ (21)ESpt f &G,f rde;f uav;wpfO;D udk qdik u f ,fwpfp;D u
0ifwu dk +f yD; }udwef if;oGm;onf@twGuf ajcaxmufrmS '%f&m&&Scd ahJ =umif;//
ar(9)&ufwGif uef@bvlaumvif;òrd@e,fodk@toGm; pHy,feH@omqdkonf@aus;&Gmta&mufrSm AD'D,dk
&ky&f iS ±f x
Hk u J &ky&f iS }f unf@xu G v f maomvli,f(20)avmufu a':atmifqef;pk}unf tvdrk &S[ d k atmfonfukd
}uKHawG@vu kd &f yga=umif;/ xdrk mS wif ,mOfwef;ud&k yf+yD; ,mOfwef;ay:rSmygvmaom aemufvu kd af emufyg tifef
t,fv'f D vli,fqo kd rl sm;u &Gmv,faumifrmS &ke@f &if;}urf;wrf;pGm r}um;0H@remaom wpf&mG vk;H rd;k r$eo f mG ;
atmif qJqrkd v _ yk yf gawmha=umif; apmapmuvli,fawGuv kd nf; cJjzifv h u kd af yguI f vli,fawGxu G af jy;oGm;=u
a=umif;/ nae (6)em&Dcef@aumvif;òrd@u0kd ifonf@tcgrmS txufwef;ausmif;Y jynfaxmifp}k uH@cikd af &;ESizhf @G òH zd;
a&;toif;u zGiv hf pS x f m;aomaEG&moDoifwef;wck jyifqifxm;&Syd ga=umif; xk;H pHtwdik ;f jynfo@l oabmxm;
pmwrf;rsm;vnf; csw d q f jJG yifqifxm;yga=umif; ,if;udk ,mOfwef;rSmygvmaom tifet f ,fv'f v D il ,fqo dk l
awGu "mwfyHk awG/ AD', D akd wG&u dk =f uyga=umif;/ ausmif;0if;xJu vli,fEpS af ,mufuvnf; "mwfyjHk yef&u dk af wmh
,mOfwef;rSmygvmaomtifet f ,fv'f D vlil ,fawGu 0dik ;f 0ef;atmf[pf+yD; cJjzifah yguo f nf@twGuf ausmif;0if;
xJuvli,frsm;xGufajy;oGm;cJh&yga=umif; tif;awmfa&mufonf@tcsdefrSm n(9)em&Dausmf+yDjzpfa=umif;
a':pk=unfukd raxmufco H nf@ vl (70)avmufu jynfo@l oabmxm;aqmify'k rf sm;udak &;om;+yD; uef@uu G f
qENjy=ua=umif;/ od@k aomfvnf; arSmif&yd x f rJ mS &Sod nf@ tifet f ,fv'f aD wGu cJjzifah yguI f aus;&Gmolaus;&Gm
om;rsm;jzpf}uaom aX;vGi(f c)bdv k iG /f ode;f Ek/ oef;OD;/ pd;k jrifOh ;D ESiahf ZmfviG Of ;D qdo k w l @kd '%f&mrsm;&&So d mG ;cJah =umif;?
ar(11)&uf uomòrd@uakd &mufonf@tcgrmS awmh a':pk=unf.c&D;pOfukd qef@usiq f ENjyolawG tawmfrsm;
rsm; &Sad eonfuakd wG@&a=umif; / ESpzf uftjyeftvSeaf ºu;G a}umfoaH wG atmf[pfra_ wGjzpfvmyga=umif; aemufq;Hk
c&kid af t;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zG@H òzd;a&;aumifpOD uUX u 0ifa&mufajz&Si;f ay;rS ESpzf ufvpl u k +JG yD; tifet f ,fv'f D
,mOfwef;vnf; vk&d mc&D;udq k ufomG ;Edik cf o hJ nfuakd wG@&a=umif;/ wpfzufEiS w hf pfzuf ud, k x f v d ufa&mufusL;
vGerf r_ sm; r&Scd ahJ =umif; / tvm;wl ucsijf ynfe,ftwGi;f òrd@&mG tcsK@d rmS a':pk=unf.ygw0D ifrsm;u yko H ¿efrsK;d
rsK;d jzifh c&D;OD;óudjyK=uouJo h @kd qef@usio f rl sm;uvnf; uef@uu G rf u_ jkd yKvky=f ua=umif;/ ‚if;wk@d .qENoabm
xm;udu k m,uH&iS rf sm; odatmifxw k af zmfqENjy=ua=umif;/ od@k aomfvnf; tifet f ,fv'f u D ae@pOfEiS t hf r#
jynfytoHvi$ Xhf meawGuakd y;aeonf@ a=unmcsurf sm;rSm azmfjyouJo h @kd c&D;pOfuykd w d yf if/ wm;qD;/ aeSmif, h u S f
[ef@wm;r_vnf; r&SdcJha=umif;,mOfwef;udk cJjzifhaygufjcif;/ wkwfESifh&kdufjcif;/ um;rSefudkvufoD;ESifhxkd;jcif;/
ucsif"m;rsm;jzifh +cdrf;ajcmufjcif;qkdonfrsKd;vnf;r&SdcJha=umif;/ ‚if;wdk@ajymoavmufomjzpfaev#if tifef
t,fv'f D ,mOfwef;wpfcv k ;Hk wpfppDa=urGae+yDvm;[kyif xifrad ,mifrmS ; jzpfEikd yf ga=umif;//
173
ar(21)&uf rd;k rdwaf &mufomG ;+yD;onf@aemufyikd ;f wGif a':pk=unf w&m;a[m&ko H mruawmhbJ OD;wifO;D
uyg Edik if aH wmftpd;k &udyk w k cf wfapmfum;onf@ajymqdck suaf wG a'otm%mydik rf sm;udk Oya'yk'rf awG &Gwq f kd
+yD; +cdr;f ajcmufajymqdrk a_ wG jyKvkyv f mcJah =umif; ar(25)&ufpOf@u;l òrd@e,f EG,&f aHk us;&GmrSm tifet f ,fv'f yD gwD
0ifawGu av;cGrsm;jzifhypfcwfaoma=umifh a':pk=unfudkqef@usifqENjy&ef a&mufvmaom vlrsm;xJwGif
pOf@u;l òrd@e,f 0g;&ku H ek ;f &Gmom;ausmEf ikd /f a&mufyif&;dk &Gmom;pef;OD;ESihf bd;k csKw d @kd '%f&mrsm; &oGm;a=umif;udk od&
a=umif;/ tifef t,fv'f b D ufu xkwjf yefajym=um;csuaf wGrmS ygw0D ifwpfa,muf '%f&m&onf[q k akd =umif;/
rE aW v;jrdK@a&mufonf@tcgrmS wnf;cdo k nf@ tifet f ,fv'f D rE aW v;wdik ;f &k;H udak &mufvmjyD; vlpv k al 0;zefw;D jyD;
a[majymyGjJ yKvkyyf ga=umif; vrf;ydwq f @kd rr_ sm;jzpfonf@twGuf vrf;&Si;f ay;yga=umif; ,mOfxed ;f &Jrsm;pD;eif; vku d f
ygvmaom ,mOftrSwf 5u §8175 'dik ef m,mOfukd trSw(f 78-79)vrf;=um;rSm &yfwef@xm;pOff tifet f ,fvf
'Dygw0D iftcsK@d u oHww k jf zih&f u dk of nf@twGuf a&S@avumrSeu f aJG }uysupf ;D oGm;cJyh ga=umif; ok@d aomfvnf; tifef
t,f 'D bufu owif;xkwo f nf@tcg vl=um;xJtwif;armif;vd@k t&ku d cf &H onf[k owif;xkwcf o hJ nfukd
awG@& a=umif;//
a':pk=unfESifhtzGJ@onf a&mufav&mwGif vlpkvla0;zef;wD;+yD; &kwf&kwfoJoJvkyf&kHomruawmhbJ
armfawmfqikd u f ,frsm;/ armfawmfum;rsm;/ vlrsm;ESit hf yk pf zk @JG +yD;oGm;vmr_onf wae&mxuf wae&m vGeu f +J yD;
vkyv f monfuakd wG@&a=umif;/ rlv &efuek u f poGm;pOf um;ok;H pDEiS v hf l (18)a,mufjzpfa=umif; ar(29)&uf
rE aW v;u rk&H mG a&mufonf@tcsed w f iG f um;(7)pD;/ qdik ;f u,ftpD;(20)ESihf vl (100)ausmf vdu k yf g+y;D oGm;cJah =umif;/
acsmif;OD;rSxu G +f yD; rk&H mG udak &mufomG ;onf@tcsed w f iG rf l qdik u f ,ftpD;(150)/ um;(16)pD;/ vl(300) ausmt f yk pf k
zG@J +yD; 0ifa&mufa=umif;/ rk&H mG òrd@wiG ;f vrf;rrsm;Y (3)em&D=umvSn@f vnfomG ;vm+yD; wnf+idraf t;csr;f aeonf@
rk&H mG òrd@ay: Y qlqyl yl v l yk af =umif;/ tqkyd gjrifuiG ;f udk rSww f rf;wifaeonf@ "mwfyq Hk &m armifrsK;d jrifq h o dk u l kd
0dik ;f 0ef;&ku d Ef u
dS o f nf@twGuf acgi;f '%f&m&+yD; aq;&kw H ufuo k r_c, H cl &hJ a=umif;/ ,if;udik af qmifonf@ AD', D kd
uifr&mvnf; zsuq f ;D cHvu kd &f a=umif;/ a':pk=unfEiS t hf zG@J onf rk&H mG òrd@ tifet f ,fv'f D &k;H qdik ;f bkwu f kd nwGi;f csi;f
wifvu kd af =umif;/ ESpzf ufnEd‡ id_ ;f oabmwlxm;onf@pnf;urf;csuEf iS t hf nD òrd@e,fygwpD t Hk axGaxGa&G;aumufyJG
aumfr &Siu f adk omfvnf;aumif;/ òrd@e,fat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zG@H òzd;a&;aumifpu D akd omfvnf;aumif;today;
cGiahf wmif;jcif;rjyKbJ qef@usiaf qmif&u G o f mG ;a=umif;//
ar(30)&uf (12)em&Dtcsed cf ef@wiG f rk&H mG rS bkwvifux kd uG af =umif;/ armfawmf,mOf (15)pD;udk qdik u f ,f
tpD; (100)cef@ua&S@aemuf0, J m jcH&+H yD;oGm;cJah =umif;/ bkwvifòrd@t0ifwiG f qdik u f ,frsm;rD;xGe;f I t&Sed jf yif;
pGmjzifh qlnH pGmarmif;ESi0f ifa&mufcahJ =umif;/ bkwvifòrd@wiG f òrd@e,f tifet f ,fv'f D &k;H qdik ;f bkww f ifyjJG yKvky+f yD;
'Dy, J if;bufo@dk qufxu G af =umif;/ 'Dy, J if; ra&mufrD qdik ;f jyif&mG ud0k ifa&muf+yD; n (7)em&Dausmrf S ,mOf(9)pD;/
qdik u f ,ftpD; (40)cef@EiS t hf wl 'Dy, J if;òrd@bufukd qufxu G af =umif;/ 'Dy, J if; ra&mufrD ESprf ikd cf ef@tuGmòrd@t0if
wGif a':pk=unftm; uef@uu G q f ENjy&efapmifah eonf@ vltiftm;(5000)cef@&o dS nf@ vlpv k al 0;ESióhf uHawG@c&hJ
a=umif;//
a':pk=unf.,mOfwef;wGiv f u kd yf gvmonf@ armfawmf,mOfrsm;onf vltyk t f wGi;f rS twif;wd;k xGuf
wdu k cf u kd af rmif;ESi&f mrS tpjyK+yD; wpfzufEiS w hf pfzufyÉdyuQjzpfymG ;cJ=h ua=umif;/ n(8)em&Dcef@rS n(11)em&D
cef@txd &ke;f &if;qefcwfjzpfay:+yD; tajctae&_yaf xG;cJah =umif;/ armfawmf,mOfwpfp;D rSm vrf;ab;opfyifukd
t&Sed jf zifh 0ifaqmifrh o d nf[o k &d a=umif;/ ,mOfwef;rSmygonf@armfawmf,mOfwpD;rSm vrf;ab;udx k ;kd us+y;D / rSerf sm;
uGaJ =umif; od&a=umif;/ a':pk=unfuq kd ef@usio f nf@vrl sm; pD;eif;vmonf@ armfawmf,mOfwpD;udrk l tifet f ,fv'f D
ygw0D ifrsm;u rD;&_@d zsuq f ;D I ysupf ;D cJah =umif;od&a=umif;/ TjzpfpOfwiG f armfawmf,mOfwu kd cf ukd rf _ ,mOfxcd u kd rf _
rsm;a=umifh vl(4)OD; aoqk;H a=umif;ESihf tjyeftvSe&f u dk Ef u S rf r_ sm;a}umifh ESpzf ufpvk;H vl(50)cef@ '%f&m&a=umif;
od&a=umif;/ armfawmf,mOf(8)pD;ysupf ;D +yD; qdik u f ,f(9)pD;ysupf ;D oGm;a=umif;od&a=umif;/ tqdyk gjzpfaeonf@
174
tajctaeudk owif;&v#if&csif; ppfudkif;wkdif;at;csrf;om ,ma&;ESifhzG@Hòzd;a&;aumifpDtwGif;a&;rª; OD;pD;+yD;

&Jwyfz@JG 0ifrsm;yg0ifaom vkjH cKHa&;wyfz@JG EiS hf tcif;jzpfonf@ae&mudo k mG ;a&mufxed ;f odr;f cJah =umif;/n(12)em&Dcef@
wGif tajctaetm;vk;H udk xde;f odr;f Edik cf ahJ =umif;/ '%f&m&olrsm;udv k nf; aq;&ko H @kd y@kd aqmifI aq;0g;ukor_rsm;
aqmif&u G af y;vsu&f adS =umif;/ tajctaet&yf&yfuw kd &m;Oya'ESit hf nD udik w f , G af jz&Si;f ay;vsu&f +dS yD; e,fajr
at;csr;f a&;udk aqmif&u G v f su&f adS =umif;/ nbufwiG rf &Hk mG òr@d xYJ pdu k x f x l m;onf@ jynfo@l oabmxm;qdik ;f bkwf
tcsK@d ukd tifet f ,fv'f yD gw0D ifrsm;uvltyk pf zk @JG +y;D vdu k v f zH suq f ;D r_tcsK@d &cdS ahJ =umif;/ vkjH cKHa&;tzG@J rsm;xde;f odr;f &ef
a&mufvmonf@tcgvpl ck I JG xGuaf jy;oGm;}u a=umif; ,ckr&Hk mG òrd@ay:rSmat;csr;f wnf+idrpf mG &Sad ea=umif;//
,ckjzpfpOfwGifa':pk=unfudkqef@usifqENjyolrsm;uvrf;ab;0J/ ,mESifhvrf;ay:rStcsKd@qENjyonfudk
at;csr;f pGmajz&Si;f Ijzwfoef;oGm;v#if Tod@k aomjzpfpOfjzpf&yfjzpfrnf[rk xifa=umif;/ a':pk=unfEiS hf vdu k yf g
vmonf@,mOfwef;rS qdik u f ,frsm;ESiu hf m;rsm;u vlpv k al 0;udk twif;wdu k cf ukd jf zwfoef;armif;ESio f nfrS tpjyK
I yÉdyuQrsm;jzpfay:cJ&h a=umif; od&&dS a=umif;/ ,cktxd yÉdyuQjzpfomG ;&onf@ ta=umif;&if;rSm rdrw d @kd EiS rhf v
l ESpf
zufnEd‡ id_ ;f oabmwlnx D m;onf@tcsurf sm;udk azmufzsu+f yD; xdyw f u dk &f ifqikd rf r_ sm;jyKvky&f mrS vlpv k al 0;rsm;
xde;f rEkid o f rd ;f r&I jzpfay:vm&jcif;jzpfa=umif;/ rdru d akd xmufcaH omvltyk pf /k qdik u f ,ftyk pf rk sm;udyk ifEikd af tmif
rxde;f Edik af omtajctaejzpfc&hJ a=umif;/ c&D;pOfwiG jf zpfay:aeaomtajctae t&yf&yfEiS ahf jymqdrk r_ sm;udk rdrw d @kd
taejzifrh jzpfoifw h mrjzpf&atmif tifet f ,fv'f rD w S m0ef&o dS l vl}uD;rsm;udq k ufo, G I
f xde;f xde;f odr;f odr;f jyK
vky&f ef r=umc% owday;ajym=um;cJah =umif;/ od@k &mwGio f wday;ajym=um;csurf sm;udk vufcjH cif;r&Sb d J wrif
t&G@J wu kd f I ygw0D ifrsm;udk tok;H csumvlpv k al 0;jzifh xdyw f u dk &f ifqikd rf j_ zpfatmif zefw;D onf@twGuaf }umifh
,ckuo hJ @kd jyomemjzpfay:&jcif;jzpfonf[x k ifa=umif;/ &efuek u f oGm;onf@a':pk=unf OD;wifO;D tygt0if tifef
t,fv'f t D zG@J 0ifrsm;udk oufqikd &f mvkjH cKHa&;tzG@J rsm;u aumif;rGepf mG apmifah &Smufxm;a=umif; today; wifjy
tyfa=umif;//
rdrw d @dk jrefrmEdik if o H nfvw G v f yfa&;+yD; umvtwGi;f rSmolrsm;Edik if rH sm;enf;wl rdrEd ikd if aH cwfrD zG@H òzd;wd;k wuf
a&;udak Zmufcs+yD; at;at;csr;f csr;f vkyEf ikd cf o hJ nf@tajctaersm; r&Scd b hJ ;l qdw k m tm;vk;H todyjJ zpfa=umif; jynf
wGif;vufeufudkif qlylaomif;usef;r_rsm;/ EdkifiHa&;oabmxm;uGJv$Jr_rsm;/ jynfwGif;qlylqENjyr_rsm;/ jynfy
ya,m*yl;uyfaeonf@trsKd;om;opPmazmufrsm;. jynfwGif;ajcxkd;r_rsm; tp&Sdonf@jy\emrsm;ajz&Sif;ae
onfEiS t hf csed u f ek +f y;D Edik if aH wmfw;kd wufa&;udk at;csr;f pGm rvkyEf ikd cf ahJ =umif; ,ae@tajctaeonftqdyk g tajc
taeqk;d rsm; &mcdik Ef e_ ;f tawmfawmfrsm;rsm;udzk ,f&mS ;Edik cf +hJ yD; tajctaeaumif;rsm;udk zefw;D Edik o f nf@tcsed f
umvjzpfa=umif;/ Edik if aH wmfz@HG òzd;wd;k wufa&;twGut f ajctaeaumif;rsm; vrf;cif;+yD;vnf;jzpfa=umif;/ Edik if H
awmfzGH@òzd;wdk;wufa&;twGufTtajctaeaumif;rsm;udk ajcukyf,l+yD; wdk;wufatmifaqmif&GufoGm;oifh
a=umif;/ xdk@a=umifhvnf; ,ae@ajym ajymae=uonf@ trsKd;om;&if=um;apha&; [kyJ ac:ac: trsKd;om;jyef
vnfoifjh rwfa&;[kyJ ajymajym/ trsK;d om;jyefvnfpnf;vk;H nDnw G af &;[kyJ owfrw S o f wfrw S f wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;
vkkH;nDn$wfa&;udk em;vnfr_&Sd&Sdwnfaqmuf+yD; jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf}uD;wdk;wuf&mwdk;wufa=umif;
enf;vrf;aumif;udk &SmazGazmfxkwftaumiftxnfazmfonf@tvkyfudkyJtm;vkH;em;vnfr_ &Sd&Sdyl;aygif;vkyf
aqmif&rnf@tcsed jf zpfa=umif;/ ,ckuo hJ @kd jy\emzefw;D r_rsm;ESiphf yG pf aJG jymqkrd r_ sm;udk ajz&Si;f ae&onf@tvkyf
onf txufrSmazmfjycJhonf@wdkif;&if;om;jyefvnfpnf;vkH;nDn$wfa&;vkyfief;udk taxmuft ulrjyK[k
ajym=um;vdak =umif;/ rdrw d @kd taejzifh Edik if aH wmfz@HG òzd;wd;k wufa&;twGuf at;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf w&m;Oya'
pd;k rd;k a&;udk pepfwusaqmif&u G of mG ;rSmjzpfa=umif; today;ajym}um;tyfyga=umif; &Si;f vif;ajym}um;onf//
xd@k aemufowif;pmq&mrsm;. ar;jref;csurf sm;udu k muG,af &;0ef}uD;XmerS Xmerª;}uD; Adv k rf ;ª csKyfoef;xGe;f
u jyefvnf&iS ;f vif;ajz}um;+yD;owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGu J kd nae (4)em&D (45)rdepfwiG f &kyo f rd ;f vdu
k o f nf//
175
'Drkdua&pDrqefaom pnf;&k;H v+yf&Sm;r+rsm;

a':pk}unfacgif;aqmifaom tifeft,fvf'DtzGJŒu jyKvkyfcJhjcif;
a':atmifqef;pk}unf OD;aqmifaom OD;wifO;D tygt0if tifet f ,fv'f D tzG@J 0if aemufygwpkonf(29-

5-2003)&ufae@ eHeufydkif;wGif/ rE Wav;òrd@rS um;ckESpfpD;/ qdkifu,ftpD;(20)/ vltiftm;(100)ausmfjzifh
rk&H mG òrd@bufo@kd c&D;xGucf o hJ nf// ppfuikd ;f òrd@wiG f tifet f ,fv'f D ygw0D ifrsm; xyfrv H u kd yf gI um;(14)pD;/ qdik u
f ,f
tpD;(20)jzif/h qufvufxu G cf mG cJ+h yD;/ acsmif;OD;òrd@o@dk a&muf&pdS Of um;(16)pD;/ qdik u f ,ftpD;(70)/ vltiftm;
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usaemfw@dk a&Sjh rifae&wm/ aoaewJv h al wGawmif ygygw,f? aoaewJv h al wGygwt hJ wGuf tjypfrv hJ al wG
udak oatmif&u dk af vmufb;l xifygw,f? bke;f }uD;tppfq&dk ifawmh?
ar;? tJ'aD wmh &Gmom;awGukd vdu k &f u dk +f y;D awmh &Gmom;eJ@ teft,f't D zG@J 0ifawGukd uef@ypfvu kd w
f maygah emf?
uef@vu dk +f yD;awmhrS 'Dbufuteft,f't D zG@J 0ifawGukd &ku
d w
f ,fqykd gawmh?
ajz? [kwyf gw,f? teft,f't D zG@J 0ifawGudk &ku d yf gw,f? &Gmom;awGvnf; ajy;wJt h csed rf mS tJ'&D mG om;awG
181
ajy;wJ[ h mawGe@J awG@+yD;awmh qH+k yD;uswyhJ v kH nf;jzpfwwfygw,f? usaemfw@dk tiftm;u enf;enf;av;

yg? usaemfw@dk tiftm;u enf;enf;av;qdak yr,fh tiftm;uenf;enf;rsm;rsm; usaemfw@kd rmS bmvuf
eufrS rygygb;l ?usaemfw@dk acgi;f aqmifawGuvnf; wzufu &efrl jyKrlvm&ifawmifrS jyefvnf+yD;
ckczH @dk / jyefvnfw@kH jyefz@kd vH;k 0cGirhf jyKxm;ygb;l ? aemufq;kH pum;ukerf mS xm;wmuawmh olw@kd &u
dk af wmif
rS }udw+f yD; cHay; &r,fv@kd usaemfw@dk acgi;f aqmifawGu rSmay;xm;ygw,f?
ar;? tJ'Dawmh olw@dk u teft,f'u D ygvmwJh um;wef;ay:u &Jabmftukev f ;kH udk rn‡mrwm &ku d af e
awmhwmaygh?
ajz? taotaus rn‡mrwm&ku d w f m[m b,favmufx&d u dk o f vJq&dk if usaemfw@kd uAkd sm &du k wf hJ tcsed rf mS
usaemfw@dk um;udk vm&ku d w f t hJ csed rf mS v_yaf ewJo h al wG@&if 'Daumif raobl; &ku d &f u
dk qf +kd yD; 0kid ;f &ku
d f
ae=uwm? &ku d +f yD;awmh/ wkww f acsmif;awmifr[kwb f ;l / wkwaf wGu ESpaf csmif;oH;k acsmif; vltyk =f um;
xJu jzwf&u dk of mG ;wJv
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ygw,f/ vef@ygw,fv@kd ajymvk@d &&dS if a=umufyg+yDAs? awmfygawmfAsm bmnmajym&if [m 'Daumif
toHxu G w
f ,f raoao;bl; &ku d f &kud f &ku
d /f &kud w f ,f? tJ't D csed rf mS usaemfw@dk uvnf; usaemfw@dk &hJ
aor,fh ta&;yJawG;+yD; a=umufvef@aewm? usaemfw@dk em;rSm atmf[pfaewmawG=um;ae&w,f?
usaemfw@kd rv_yaf wmhb;l ? tm;vH;k urv_yaf wmhb;l / aowJv h el @J / ajy;wJv h el @J / wcsKd @vnf; v_yaf ewJv h u l kd
&du
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f ek ;f vrf;av#muf &if&u dk v f @kd 'Dtwkid ;f yJ+idraf ewJv h al wGaygAh sm? tJ'rD mS wif bmajymvnf;qdak wmh
rif;wk@d igw@dk vrf;awGazmufw,f/ wHwm;awGaqmufaewm rif;wd@k xnfrh ajymbl;/ rif;wd@k atmifqef;pk
=unfu Ekid if t H wGuf bmawGvyk af y;vd@k v?J rif;wk@d ukvm;r,m;=oZmcHawG qk+d yD;awmh/ tJ'rD v_yw f hJ
[mawGukd xyf+yD;awmh &ku fd o f mG ;w,f? tJ'v D dk ajym+yD;xyf&u dk yf gw,f?
ar;? tJvq kd akd wmh a':atmifqef;pk=unfuv kd udk yf @kd wuhJ m;ay:rSm trsKd ;orD;awGvnf; ygw,fv@kd =um;&
w,f? olw@kd =uawmha&m
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wJ[ h mawGaygAh sm/ trsKd ;om;awGa&m tukev f ;kH yiferD jrifcsib f ;l qdjk y;D tukev f ;kH c|wcf idk ;f ygw,f? c|wcf ikd ;f
awmh wcsKd @uowdvpfaewJv h al wG aoaewJt h yHx k u J &Sw d vhJ al wGrmS usawmh jzKwf,w l ,f? [dxk rJ mS xJ
u yifeaD wG qGcJ |ww f v
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c|ww f ,f/ tusaô wGukd tJ'rD mS wifqcJG |wjf yD; qGóJ ud;ygc|w, f o l mG ;w,f? qG}J udK;c|waf ewm usaemfw@kd
rsujf rifygy?J aemufwcg qG}J udK;jzKwf &Hwk ifrubl; tdyaf wGwcsKd @uv kd nf; ,lomG ;w,f?
ar;? olwdk@u tJ'rD mS vlawGuv kd nf;&ku

d wf ,f? trsKd ;orD;awGuv kd nf; um,dajENysuaf tmif atmufcH
tusaô wG qGcJ |wwf ,fqw dk hJ oabmaygah emf? a,muFsm;av;awGuawm wdu k yf t
kH usq
ô akd wmh jy\em
r&Syd gb;l ? uav;rawGusawmh &ifz;kH tusq ô w
kd thJ cgusawmh c|wv f ukd af wmh 'g ÁajENysuaf tmif
vkyw f hJ oabmayg?h qG}J udK;awGbmawGvnf;
ajz? qGJ}udK;awG c|w,f ol mG ;w,f? ydu k q f tH yd yf gomG ;&if ydu
k q
f t
H yd yf g,wl ,f?
ar;? tJ'v D kd &du

k Ef u
S af ewm b,favmufavmuf=umvnf; cifAsm?
ajz?
ajz? cef@reS ;f acs (2)em&D xufawm rh avsmb
h ;l ? (2) em&Dtausmyf J &Sw
d ,f? olw@kd u &ku
d +f y;D awmh rv_yw
f mudk
182
tJ'eD m;rSm um;/ ,mOfem;rSm tuke;f vH;k ywfcsmoGm;vm+yD;awmh '%f&m&wJv

h al wGukd apmif=h unfh
aewJv h al wG v_yaf ewJh vlawG toHxu
G af ewJv h el mawGudk æ
ar;? tJ'Dawmh a':aatmifqef;pk=unf um;ua&m?

ajz? tJ'aD wmh a':pkum;u tJ'v D kd pjzpf+yD;awmh r=umbl; olw@dk um;u a':pkw@dk um;aygAh sm um;(5)pD;u
a&S@ux dk u
G o
f mG ;w,f// bbOD;wifO;D wd@k um;vnf;ygw,f/ a':pkuum;vnf;ygw,f/ usaemfw@dk vli,f
vHòk cHa&;um;vnf;ygw,f? usaemfw@dk +rdK@e,fuum;awGav?
ar;? qdak wmh usn&f mG uaevGe+f yD;awmh vGwof mG ;w,fayg?h qkad wmh cifAsm;wk@d t'J rD mS usecf w
hJ ,f? usecf w
hJ hJ
tcgusawmh (2)em&Dausmaf vmuf &du k wf ohJ abmayg?h
ajz? (2)em&Dawmh tausmfyJ&Sdygr,f?
ar;? [kwfuJh? tJ'v D &kd u

kd w
f t
hJ ay:rSm cef@reS ;f ajcaygh '%f&m&r,f od@k r[kwf rajymEdik b f ;l aygh aoaus
oGm;Ekid w
f v
hJ al wG b,favmufavmuf&rdS ,f xifv?J
ajz? (20) ausmaf vmuf&rdS ,f? usaemfw@kd usn&f mG rSmjzpfw[ hJ mudak jymwm? 'Da&Srh mS jzpfcw hJ [
hJ musawmh
usaemfw@dk cef@reS ;f =uwm æ
ar;? tJ'Dawmh a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd um;[m ygomG ;w,fayg/h a&S@ 'Dy, J if;bufrmS wcg xyfjzpfao;
w,fqdkwJhoabmaygh?
ajz? jzpfygw,f? bmvd@k jzpfygovnf;qdak wmh tJ'b D ufuajy;vmwJv h il ,fawGu usaemfe@aJ wG@&w,f?
[drk mS vnf; wkwaf wG/ 0g;c|eaf wG/ opfv;kH awGaygah emf? tJ'g oHww
k af wGv@dk ,lq&wJ[ h mawGe@J 0kid ;f &ku
d f
ygw,f? ausmif;om;av;awGa&m/ qdik u f ,fawGzrf;jyD; vufjyefóud;awGww k +f yD; ac:oGm;wmudv k nf;
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f mwmjzpfyg
w,f?
ar;? tJ't D a&S@rmS usaemfw@kd =um;&wmu aoewfawGbmawGe@J ypfw,f tJ'v D =kd um;w,f?
ajz? aoewfoH=um;&w,f? usaemfw@kd =um;&w,fqw dk mu =um;&w,fqw dk ahJ e&mrSm tcsed uf akd jymr,f
qd&k ifusaemfw@dk (12;00)em&Davmuf&ydS g+yD/ (12;00)em&D (1;00)em&De@J ww l ,f? usaemfw@kd pd;k &drwf mu
b,fvpkd ;kd &dro f vJqadk wmh usaemfw@kd ae&mrSm aoewfrygbeJ @J (20)ausmaf vmuf '%f&mjyif;xefe@J
aowJh vlawGvnf; &S=d uvdrrhf ,f? a&S@rmS aoewfo=H um;wJt h wGuaf =umifh usaemfw@kd txifawmh
yd+k yD;awmh usaemfw@kd tefwpD wk @dk bbOD;wifO;D wk@d twGuf touftE &W m,fukd usaemfw@kd awmfawmf
av;pdk;&drfygw,f?
ar;? tJ'Dawmh 'D &du

k w
f t hJ zG@J awG[m a&S@ukd qufvu kd o
f mG ;vm;/ jyefomG ;vm;?
ajz? olw@kd u [d[
k maygAh sm uef@owfxm;wJyh pkH &H ydS gw,f? aemufjyef vSn+hf yD;awmh jyefomG ;=uygw,f?
ar;? tJ'g b,ftcsed af vmufvJ cifAsm?

ajz? (10) em&Dausmaf vmufjzpfygw,f?
183
ar;? tJ'Dawmh cifAsm;u tJ'u D ae b,fvrkd sKd ;vGwv

f mygovJ?
ajz? usaemf b,fvrkd sKd ; vGwv f movJqakd wmh usaemfu uHaumif;w,faygAh sm? usaemfw@dk tzG@J awGxu J
uHq;kd wJv h al wGxrJ mS awmhuaH umif;w,fayg?h b,fvu kd aH umif;vnf;qdak wmhusaemfw@kd vlawGxrJ mS
'%f&m r&bJe@J usaemfu jyefvw G v
f mwmaygAh sm? vGwv f mawmh v,fuiG ;f awGxuJ ae jzwf+yD;awmh
rH&k mG a&mufatmif usaemf jyefajy;vmwmaygAh sm?
ar;? tJ'DrSm cifAsm; tJ'aD e&muae a&Smifvu kd wf t hJ csed rf mS bmawGrsm;qufvyk =f uao;vJ 'D=uHzh @HG awGu/
=uHzh @G aH wGjyefomG ;+yD; txJrmS b,frmS qufjzpfao;vJ?
ajz? bmqufjzpfao;vJqakd wmh usaemfw@kd rjyefcifayg/h usaemft'J rD mS '%f&mr&ayr,fh vlu Ek;H csn+hf yD;
awmhu, kd v
hf al wGe@J xjd yD;awmh usaemfvnf;pdwrf aumif;jzpf+yD;awmh tJ'eD m;rSm vlu '%f&mom
r&w,f? vrf;av#mufwmawmh ,dik w f , d ikd w
f ikd af yhgAsm? tJ't D csed rf mS (10;30)avmufrmS qdik u f ,f
wpD;eJ@ vlwa,muf a&mufvmw,f? a&mufvm+yD;awmh usaemfw@kd 'DjzpfpOfukd vm=unfo h mG ;wJh
yHpk rH sKd ;/ vlawGvaJ ewmudk vm=unfo h mG ;wJyh pkH rH sKd ;/ tJ'rD mS awmfawmfav;&yf+yD;awmh =um=um=unfh
oGm;w,f? vlaotavmif;awG =unf+h yD;awmh csucf si;f yJjyefvn S o hf mG ;w,fcifAsm? tJ'rD mS (12;45)
rdepfavmufrmS [D;Ed;k um; c&D;onfwifum;aygAh sm (3)pD;a&mufvmw,f? c&D;onfaw rG yg ygb;l ?
'gayr,fh tJ'u D srS tJ'aD oaewJ[ h mawGjrif+yD;awmh vlawGvaJ ewmjrif/ aoaewmawGjrif '%f&m&
aewmawGjrif/ um;wef;awGjrifjyD;awmh olw@dk jyefvn S o
hf mG ;=uw,f? tJ'D um;(3)pD;vk;H wyfacgu+f yD;
awmh jyefvn S hf oGm;=uw,f?
ar;? 'gjzifh vJaewJv h el mawG od@k r[kwf aoa=uwJv

h al wGvnf; 'Dtwdik ;f yJ&adS ewmayg?h
ajz? 'Dtwdik ;f yJ &Sad eygw,f? wcsKd @uvm+yD;awmh um;ay:wifomG ;ygw,f? tJ'gawmh awG@&w,f?
ar;? tJ'Dawmh tJ'gawG aemufq;kH ydwf b,fvq kd ufvuf+yD;=um;vJ?

ajz? usaemfw@dk u tJ'rD mS ,dik , f ikd ef @J omG ;aewmaygAh sm? usaemf apmif=h unfah ewmyg? apmif=h unf&h if; (12;45)
rdepfrmS bma=umifv h nf; usaemftcsed ef @J ajymEdik w f muvnf; usaemfw@dk rmS em&Dygw,f? (12;45)
rdepfrmS &JawGa&m/ rD;owfawGa&m jird 0f yfawGa&maygAh sm olw@kd [d'k if;bufuxifygw,f/ a'otm%m
ydik af wG bufuvm+yD;awmhusaemfw@dk 'D[mawGudk tavmif;awG vlemawGukd um;awGay: wifay;yg
w,f? aemuf+yD; awmhwckusaemft=Hh owmu bmtH=h ovnf;qkad wmh usaemfw@kd taemufbuf 'DyJ
,if;bufvn S x hf m;wJh usaemfw@dk &yfxm;wJu h m;udk taemufbufvn S xhf m;wJu
h m;ukd 'Dawmifbuf
csucf si;f vSn+hf yD;awmh vrf;ab; qifajcav#maygAh smtJ't D xJ csvu kd w f ,fAsm? um;wpD;udv k nf;
aemufuae wGe;f cs vdu k wf ,fAsm? tJ'D (2)pD;udk ususee zefw;D xm;w,fAsm? usaemhrf supf ad &S@wif
jrif&wm?
ar;? um;csi;f wku d +f yD;awmh wckcjk zpfw,fqw dk hJ oabmayg?h

ajz? tJ'yD pkH rH sKd ; olw@kd zefw;D xm;wmyg? tJ'rD mS usaemfvnf; awmfawmfav; ud, k rhf supf u d kd r,Hbk ;l jzpfaeyg
w,f? tcsed ef @J usaemfw@kd ususeerSwx f m;ygw,f? tJ'rD mS vlemawG wifwv hJ al wGuw dk if+yD;awmh
'Dy,J if;bufukd um;awGuwcsKd @xu G wf ,f? wcsKd @u aemufjyef+yD;awmh xGuo f mG ;=uw,f? xGuo f mG ;
+yD;awmh vl(30)avmuf usecf w hJ ,f? vl(30)avmufu &JawGvm;/ pGr;f tm;&Siv f m;vd@k usaemfw@kd
oJou J u JG JG rodb;l ? bmvd@k rodwmvnf; qdak wmh ,leaD zmif;wlaew,fav? tJ'D (30)avmufuae+y;D
184
awmh um;awGudk wGe;f oGm;w,fav? a&OD; bufweG ;f oGm;wm usaemfw@kd awG@&ygw,f?
ar;? teft,f't D zG@J 0ifawG pD;vmwJu

h m;udk æ
ajz? [kwu f hJ usaemfw@kd teft,f'D tzG@0J ifawGp;D vmwJu
h m;ukd wGe;f oGm;ygw,f? wGe;f oGm;jyD;awmh oHawG
udck mG aewJh toHawG usaemfw@kd =um&ygw,f? tJ'rD mS jzpfcw hJ hJ usaemfrh sujf rifaygAh sm? yde;f yifawG=um;
xJrmS tJ'g æ
ar;? 'gu usn&f mG rSmjzpfcw

hJ u
hJ pd aP ygah emf? a&S@veG o
f mG ;wJh 'Dy,
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ajz? usaemf rod&bl;Asm? tJ'b D ufrmS æ
ar;? apmapmuajymwmu tJ'jD y\emjzpf&mu vGeo f mG ;wJu

h m;awGqu
D ae aoewfoaH wG =um;&w,f?
wcsKd @uvnf; rajymbl;? wcsKd @uvnf; jrifcw hJ majymjyw,f? tJ'aD wmh a&S@rmS wzG@J apmifah ewJh oabm
&Sw
d mayg?h
ajz? a&S@rmS wzG@J aocsmayguaf pmifah e=uw,f? bmjzpfv@kd aocsmayguaf pmifah evnf;qkad wmhaoewfoH
vnf;=um;&w,f? usaemfw@dk awG@cw hJ v
hJ al wGuvnf; ajymjyw,f?
ar;? [kwfuJh 'Davmufo&d wm aus;Zl;wifygw,f?

ajz? [kwfuJh 'guvnf; usaemfw@kd od&oavmufaygah emf? ypfw,fq&kd if aowJv h l rsm;rvm; usaemfw@kd
pd;k &dryf gw,f? bmvd@k vnf;qdak wmh 'gu usaemfw@kd o&d wJh enf;enf;yJ&ydS gao;w,f? a&S@jzpfcw
hJ [
hJ mu
yd+k yD; qd;k avmufygw,f? bmvd@k qd;k avmufovJqadk wmh aoewfoaH wG=um;wJt h wGu?f
ar;? a&S@rmS tzG@J y=kd urf;w,fayg?h

ajz? tzG@J y=kd urf;wJh jzpfw[
hJ mawG trsm;}uD;awG@&ygw,f?
Ð
185
'DyJ,if;vlowfyGJukd rsufjrifóuHawGŒ cJhaom

q,fbD;ukefwifum; py,ff,mwOD;rS &ifzGifhoH
usaemfeh mrnfu ausmv f iG yf g/ touf (30)ESpf &Syd g+yD/ usaemftck eDqef;,l'D

NISSAN-UD um;trSwf 2 c§1962 rSm pyg,, f mvkyyf gw,f// ,mOfarmif;u
ukdndKyg//
usaemfu
h m;ydik &f iS u
f awmh OD;pHjrif-h a':rmvm&Dyg// wu,fu h m;ydik &f iS u
f awmh
a&póud axmuf vSr;f a&;uvd@k odxm;ygw,f//
usaemfw@kd um;u &efuek b f &k ifah emif-ca&vrf;rSm&Sw d hJ armifjrif*h wd rf mS *dwf
xd;k ygw,f// *dwzf ;kH eH ygwu f &efuek f 68 1229 yg// usaemfw@kd um;u &efuek -f
rH&k mG ukepf nfy@kd aqmifa&;udk t"duvkyyf gw,f//
arvukeyf ikd ;f u usaemfw@kd um; rH&k mG udk ukeaf wGomG ;yd@k ygw,f// 28-5-03
&ufae@ avmufu p+y;D awmh rH&k mG rSm acsmqGcJ &H ygw,f// erc u qGw J myg// tm;vH;k
q,fb;D um; (10) pD;yg// um;tm;vH;k erc 0if;xJrmS ae&ygw,f//
arv (30) &ufae@rmS awmh æ

erc 0if;xJuae Adv k }f uD;qdw k o hJ u l a&S@cef;rSmxdik yf gw,f// olu t&yf0wfe@J
yg? um;ay:rSm quf oG,af &;pufawGvw J ifvmwmawG@&ygw,f// aemufcef;rSm
awmh oCFe;f 0wf/ vl0wf tm;vH;k ta,muf(50)avmuf wufygw,f// um;udk
wmvywftrd;k eJ@z;kH um+yD;rS pxGucf ikd ;f ygw,f//
n (7;00)em&Dausmaf vmufrmS erc 0if;xJuae pxGuw f myg// 'Dy,
J if; /
a&OD;bufukd armif;cdik ;f yg w,f//
'Dy, J if; ra&mufcif (2) rdik /f (3) rdik t f vdak vmufrmS vlawG &ke;f &if;qefcwfe@J
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k yf }JG uD;wckukd awG@&ygw,f// tJ'aD e&ma&mufawmh (8)em&Dc/JG (9)em&Davmuf
xifygw,f//
a&S@cef;u Adkvf}uD;qdkolu um;rD;eJ@xdk;cdkif;xm;+yD;/ aemufcef;uvlawGudk
qif;cdik ;f +yD; tJ'v D tl yk x
f J 0if&ukd cf ikd ;f ygw,f//
um;ay:rSmawmh usaemf&,f/ udn k Kd &,f/ Adv
k }f u;D qdo
k &l ,f oH;k a,mufyJ usecf hJ
ygw,f//
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194
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onf? xdu k m;.aemufrS OD;wifO;D um;/ xdu k m;rsm;.aemufwiG f axmufvrS ;f a&;um; ygvmygonf? OD;=unf
armif.tdrfudk 0ifac:ygonf? jyeftxGufwGif vrf;uusOf;aoma=umifh um;jyefvSnfh&efcufonfhtwGuf
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ywfywfvnfwiG f pufb;D uke;f &mrsm;ESihf um;rSerf sm;vnf; tm;vk;H uGu J ek yf gonf? rSerf sm;u pwpfum uyfxm;
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195
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um;xJukd vSEH iS v hf rS ;f xd;k ygonf/ OD;=unfarmifu xdik cf rkH +DS yD; aemufuykd ufvufveS I f xdik cf svu kd yf gonf? xd@k
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a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; ay;onf? a':atmifqef;pk=unfu ‚if;wd@k axmufvrS ;f a&;rsm;udk xdpk m&if;rsm;tm;
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196
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vdu k yf gonf? wuUov kd &f yd of mvrf;wavsmufwiG f axmufvrS ;f a&;/ ppfwyfEiS hf vkx H ed ;f ponfo h ;Hk zG@J aygi;f +yD;
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aemufrS (100)cef@&o dS nfh tzG@J 0ifrsm;vdu k yf gvmygonf?
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197
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ukd 0kid ;f ay;xm;olrsm;ESihf um;a&S@uvlrsm;tm;vk;H aygi;f ta,muf(30)cef@xt kd &kud cf &H onfah e&mrSmyif t0kid ;f cH
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aemufrS oHq;l óud;rsm;jzif0h idk ;f xm;onf? xdo k @kd txyfxyf0idk ;f xm;+yD; xdv k rf;xJo@kd 40§41 bwfpu f m;}uD;rsm;
(7)pD;cef@armif;0ifvm+yD; ukuKUd if;rD;yGKd ihrf v S rS ;f =unhv f sif usaemfw@dk udk rjrifEikd af p&ef xdu k m;}uD;rsm;udk ab;csi;f
,SO+f yD; um;vrf;r}uD;uku d mI ydwx f m;vku d o f nf? xdak e@u wae@v;Hk rd;k &Gmae+yD; a':pkyck ;Hk rSmvnf; aoG;pk@d
oGm;onf? uwW&mvrf;ay:wGif ajcz0g;jrKyfonftxd rdk;a&pD;aeygonf? xdkodk@ um;}uD;rsm;udkpD+yD;csdefwGif
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r,f/ tm;vk;H 0ifv@dk r&&if r0ifb;l ”[k jywfjywfom;om;jyefajymvdu k yf gonf// xdt k cg ‚if;wk@d jyefomG ;+y;D &k;H csKyfay:
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u tar&dueftpk;d &&J@ zJ@G pnf;ykOH ya'yg orw&J@vyk yf idk cf iG afh wG/ w&m;a&;csKyfvyk yf idk cf iG /fh v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;
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om;xm;wmawGyga=umif;/ ‚if;wk@d u ,ckow l @dk a&;qJaG eonfh zJ@G pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'rl=urf;ESihf 'Dtar&duefu
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usaemfw@dk tifet f ,fv'f v D il ,fawG 'gawGojd rifomG ;rSmukd olw@dk taeeJ@ rvkv d m;who J abm/ &Si;f &Si;f ajym&&if
awmh olw@dk u 'Dru dk a&pDudk rvkv d m;vk@d jynfoal wGrodatmif ydwyf ifwo Jh abm”[k a':pku tJ'pD mtkyf
ta=umif;ukad qG;aEG;jyygonf? OD;wifO;D uvnf; Akv d cf sKyfausmaf Zmorkid ;f ukd aemufcaH &;xm;onfh wk@d widk ;f XmeD
198
qkad om pmtkyt f a=umif;ukad qG;aEG;ygonf? aemuf+yD; ol. ppforkid ;f tawG@tóuHrsm;udv k nf;ajymjyygonf?

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nOf@eufvmonft h cg OD;wifO;D u a,musmf ;av;awGukd ikww f w k x f ikd rf +DS yD; vrf;ay:wGit f yd yf gonf? a':pk
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pm;zl;jcif;jzpfonf? xdt k jzpftysurf mS a':pkudk 'kw, d t}udrv f yk =f uH jcif;jzpfonf? txl;ojzihf OD;wifO;D ud, k w f idk f
tawG@tóuHt& tumtuG,af y;xm;cho J nft h wGuf a':pk toufraochjJ cif;jzpfygonf?
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onf[kajymonf? trSefwu,f xdef;odrf;xm;aomfvnf; (EkdifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;)OD;0if;atmifu EkdifiHwum
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oGm;vmr&jzpfvmonft h cgwiG rf S &efuek Ef iS ahf nmifwek ;f oGm;aomum;vrf;udk (10)em&Dausmcf ef@wiG f jyefziG fh
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ydwq f @kd +yD; r=umcifrmS yJ vrf;zGiafh y;vku d yf gonf? xdo k @kd yw
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199
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óudwifjyifqifxm;jcif;jzpfonfhtwGuf vkHxdef;awGcsufcsif;a&mufvm=uygonf? vkHxdef;t&m&dSu a':pkukd
‘&efuek f jyefyg/ 'Dbufudk qufroGm;yge@J ’[kajymygonf// a':pku “usr&J@ jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,af wG
use;f rma&;tajctaet& olw@dk e@J awG@qzHk @dk twGuf usr vlra_ &;t&vmw,f jyefz@dk vmwm r[kwb f ;l / vrf;udk
bma=umihyf w d w f mvJ”[kjyefar;ygonf? ‘tJ'gawGow l @dk ajymcGirfh &db S ;l / &efuek u f o dk mjyefyg/’[k ‚if;u qufajym
onft h cg a':pku“vk;H 0 rjyefb;l / jyefz@dk vmwm r[kwb f ;l / aemufwacguf xyfrajymeJ@”[k a':pku jywfjywf
om;om;ajymvku d yf gonf// a':pkuadk jymI r&onft h wGuf vkx H ed ;f awGutiftm;ESi0hf idk ;f +yD; a':pk.um;ukd r
onft h cg um;ay:wGiaf ':pk/ OD;vSaz/ um;armif;onfu h x dk eG ;f jrihEf iS hf t&HpufjyifwOD; xdak v;a,mufrmS um;ay:
Y ykcufp;D ouJo h @kd ygomG ;ygonf? ‚if;wk@d u um;udk vrf;r}u;D .ab;&Sd wHwm;av;ay:od@k r oGm;+y;D wifxm;vdu k f
yg onf? a&ajrmif;av;ay:&Sd xdw k w H m;rSm a':pkum;wpD;omv#if wifI&onf?xko d @kd wifxm;+yD;rS a':pkudk
‘&efuek jf yefr,fq&dk if jyefv@dk &w,f/ 'Dbufukd oGm;cGirfh jyKbl;’[kajymygonf// &efuek -f anmifwek ;f vrf;r}uD;udrk l
bmrS rjzpf ouJo h @kd jyefziG afh y;vku d =f uonf? xdo k @kd jyefziG afh y;onft h csed rf mS yif a':pkum;u armif;xGu&f efjyifqif
ygonf? xdt k cg teD;rSm&yfxm;onfh oJum;u csujf cif;yif um;vrf;udx k ;dk ydwv f u kd yf gonf? vkx H ed ;f awGu
a':pkum;ukad emufw}udrf r +yD; wHwm;ay: jyefwifygonf? ,ckwcgwiG f ‚if;wk@d u vltrsm; rjrifEikd af p&ef
txl;jyKvkyx f m;aom uef@vwfjzwfny‡ b f &dwEf iS hf um;bD;tm;vk;H ukb d ;D atmufuae n‡yx f m;+yD; rarmif;Edik f
ap&ef ðyvkyx f m;vdu k yf gonf? (&kyjf rifo=H um;)pavmif;rS =unho f nft h cg um;av;u ol@[mol &yfonfyh Hk
jzpfaeygonf// Ekid if w H umukd zk;H uG,v f rd n
f mEdik af p&ef pepfwuszefw;D vkyaf qmifxm;jcif; jzpfonf? a':pkum;ukd
wHwm;ay:rSm n‡yb f &dwrf sm;ESin hf y‡ I f wifxm;+yD; a':pkw@kd ux kd rif;vnf; rau|;/ a&vnf; rwku d b f /J ‚if;wk@d u
a':pkudk ‚if;wk@d owfI r[kwb f /J ol@[mol aoonf[ak jymcsio f nfo h abm jzpfonf?
a':pkw@dk rmS rk;d &Gmaomtcg olw@dk rmS ygomG ;onfx h ;D ESihf rd;k a&cHI rk;d a&aomuf+yD; touf&iS =f u&ygonf?
xdo k @kd aecJ&h onfrmS (8)&ufwidk w f idk =f umjrifyh gonf? a'guw f mwifrsKd ;0if;u a':pk.rdom;pk q&m0efwa,muf
taejzifh use;f rma&;tajctaeudo k v d okd nfth wGuf awG@ciG afh wmif;onft h cg a':pkEiS ahf wG@qcHk iG &fh cJo h nf? a':pk
rSm xdt k cGit fh a&;wckomvsif &&Smonf? (8)&ufajrmufae@rmS a'guw f mwifrsK;d 0if;uk, d w f idk f a':atmifqef;pk
=unfrmS pdwaf qmifonft h oufomvsi&f ySd gawmhonf? ommref vlwa,mufqv dk sif ol[m aoaeyg+yDq+dk yD;
a=unmcsuw f apmifxw k jf yefvu dk yf gonf// xdt k cgusrS Ekid if w H umuvnf; a':atmifqef;pk=unfudk v$waf y;
&ef 0kid ;f +yD;ajymvm=uygonf?
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twif;t"rRcsKyfaESmifI ac:aqmifvmygonf// Akv d rf ;ª ol&qko d u l rku d rf u dk &f idk ;f &kid ;f aemufrS a':pkuo dk idk ;f csKyfxm;
+yD; &Jar(2)a,muftm; a':pkajcaxmufawGudk um;aemufcef;rScsKyfcidk ;f xm;onf? &Jr;ª wa,mufu um;armif;
onf? tpmjywfa&jywfEiS hf tiftm;csed nfah eoludk ‚if;wk@d av;a,mufucsKyf+yD; &efuek o f @kd jyefac:vm=uygonf?
a':atmifqef;pk=unf tdru f jdk yefa&mufvm+yD;aemuf a':pkEiS t hf wlygomG ;onfh OD;vSaz/ ukx d eG ;f jrihw f @dk u "gwyf Hk
awGEiS t hf wl owif;pm&Si;f vif;yJv G yk yf gonf? a'guw f mwifrsK;d 0if;uvnf; olay;cho J nfah q;0g;rsm;jzifh a':pk.
toufudk rnfo@kd u,fwifc&hJ ykpH ojzifh tao;pdyf ol}udK;pm;xm;&onft h a=umif;awGukd owif;pm&Si;f vif;yJG
vkyfay;ygonf? e0w u a& rwkduf tpm rau|;/ um;ukdvnf; n‡yfb&dwfawGvkyfxm;onfhta=umif;
usaemfw@dk tm;vk;H ukd &Si;f jyygonf? ‚if;tjzpftysurf mS wwd,t}udraf ':pkudk ‚if;wk@d vyk =f uHjcif;jzpfygonf?
xdw k }udrw f iG v f nf; rdrw d @dk .acgi;f aqmifrmS wkid ;f jynftay: olr.pdwaf pwemrSeu f efra_ =umihv f nf;aumif;/
olr.bke;f uHa=umihv f nf;aumif; Tr#txd olr touf&n S af e&a=umif; usaemf,=Hk unfc, H cl yhJ gonf?
200
1998 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (12)rS(24)txd a'guw f mwifrif;xGÉEf iS ahf wG@q&Hk ef {&m0wDwidk ;f od@k 'kw, d t}udrf
a':pkxyfro H mG ;a&mufcyhJ gonf? xdt k }udrw f iG v f nf; ,cift=udru f wm;qD;cH&onfh ck;H ausmw f w H m;av;Yyif/
vkx H ed ;f awGu vltiftm;ok;H I um;udk r wifxm;onf// xdt k acgurf mS a':pkudk (13)&uf=umydwx f m;onf?
xdw k acguw f iG v f nf; tpmvnf; ray;/ a&vnf; rwku d yf g? od@k aomf a':pkw@dk u ‚if;wk@d .aumufusprf u _ o dk +d yD;
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xd@k a=umifh 'kw, d tacgurf mS yxrtacguu f o hJ @kd a':pk.use;f rma&;tajctaerSm pk;d &dr&f onft h ajctaeod@k
ra&mufcyhJ g? ‚if;wk@d url a':pkudk tpmraºuG;bJxm;jcif;jzpfonf// xdt k }udrrf mS a':pkudk pwkwt W }udrv f yk }f uHjcif;
jzpfygonf?
tqdkygc&D;pOfwGif rSwfwrf;rsm;,laeonfh rdrdESifhtwlygol(4)OD;udk =o*kwfv(21)&ufae@wGif e0w rS
vdu k vf zH rf;qD;ojzifh &H;k csKyfo@kd jyefvmcJ&h ygonf? 1998 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (24)&ufae@wiG f usaemf tzrf;cH&yg
onf// axmifxJrSmvnf; usaemfhudk &kdufESufn‡Of;yrf;jcif;rsm;pGmðyvkyfygonf? axmifrSvGwfvm+yD;aemuf
trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f qufvufwm0ef,cl &hJ m 2003 ckEpS /f a':atmifqef;pk=unf. txufjrefrmEdik if H
pnf;&H;k a&; c&D;pOfwiG f csi;f jynfe,fc&D;pOfwiG v f u kd yf gciG &hf cJyh gonf? a':pk.csi;f jynfe,fc&D;pOfwiG f *ef@a*g+rKd@e,f
c,u OuUX OD;aX;OD;qko d u l , dk wf idk u
f *ef@a*gòrd@rmS a':pka[majymyJv G molrsm;ukd 0g;vk;H ESiv hf u dk &f u dk yf gonf?
òrd@rvrf;xdyrf aS e+yD; vku d &f u dk o f nfukd usaemfw@dk u, dk w f idk jf rifawG@&ygonf? rD;owftzJ@G uvnf; rD;owf0wfpHk
rsm;0wf+yD; rD;owfum;}uD;ESihf a':pka[majymonfah e&mukad &mufvm+yD; rD;ab;a&Smif ravmifcifwm; qkad om
oDcsi;f ukd us,af vmifpmG zGiI fh aESmif, h u
S rf ð_ yvkyyf gonf? axmufvrS ;f a&;(20)rS Akv d }f uD;vif;aZmfuq H okd u l
‚if;uk, d w f idk f a[majymyJx G o J @kd 0ifvm+yD; uufqufEiS t hf oHzrf;jcif;rsm;ðyvkyyf gonf? xd@k aemuf ta&S@*ef@a*gEiS hf
taemuf*ef@a*g=um;wGi&f aSd omóud;wHwm;ukv d nf; vlxk ul;rvmEkid af p&efyw d x f m;ygonf? xd@k aemuf uav;-
a&rsuef aD jy;qJo G nfh rD;&xm;ukv d nf; xdak e@rmS yifyw d v f u dk yf gonf? *ef@a*gwiG v f rl sm;+yD; a':pkukd óudq=kd urnf
udk pk;d &dro f nf? vlxEk iS ahf ':pkawG@q=Hk urnfuv kd nf; vGepf mG pk;d &dro f nf? vlxu k a':pkuadk xmufcrH _ rnfr#}uD;rm;
a=umif; ‚if;wk@d u, dk w
f idk f od&adS e+yDjzpfonf?
xd@k aemuf *ef@a*grt S jyef awmvrf;c&D;wav#mufwiG f opfw;Hk }uD;rsm;udk vrf;ray:csxm;onf? xdk
opfv;Hk rsm;rSm tpd;k &opfawm}udK;0kid ;f rS opfrsm;jzpfI tpk;d uomv#if o,f,yl @kd aqmifEikd o f nf? jynforl sm;u
o,f,v l #if ‚if;wd@k uzrf;+y;D axmifcsrnfjzpfonf? xdo k pfw;Hk }u;D rsm;udk vlr&do S nfu h m;vrf;r}u;D ay:rSm rnfonfh
twGuv f mcsxm;&oenf;? usaemfw@dk xdo k pfv;Hk rsm;udzk ,f+y;D c&D;qufc&Jh onf? ‚if;wk@d u vGwv f yfpmG oGm;vm
cGijfh yKygonf[k ajymaomfvnf; a':pkw@dk rmS xdo k @kd aomaESmif, h u S rf t_ rsK;d rsK;d ukd jzwfoef;oGm;vmch&J ygonf?
txufygtjzpftysurf sm;onf usaemfu, kd w f ikd yf g0ifc+hJ yD; &ifqikd =f uHKawG@c&hJ aom tjzpftysut f rSerf sm;
jzpfygonf? a':atmifqef;pk=unfukd vky}f uHowfjzwf&ef [d, k cifuwnf;u pepfwus óudwif=uHpnfcjhJ cif;
jzpfa=umif;udk jynforl sm;od&EdS ikd af p&eftwGuf ,ckuo hJ @kd zGiahf jymjy&jcif;jzpfygonf? 'Dy, J if; vky=f uHr}_ uD;rSmrl
rnfo@kd r# zH;k uG,I f r&Edik af wmhbJ jynfot l rsm;uod&cdS iG &hf vdu k jf cif;jzpfygonf?
armifpdk;oef;(c)atmifpdk;oef;
2003 ckESpf/=o*kwfv (27)&uf
201
2003 ckESpf/ Ekd0ifbmv (18)&ufaeŒwGif usif;yaom

( 58 ) }udrfajrmuf ukvor*~taxGaxGnDvmcHrS
jrefrmEkdifiH. vlŒtcGifhta&;tajctaeESifhpyfvsOf;I csrSwfaom qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;
urBmuh v k or*~yÉdnmOfpmwrf;/ tjynfjynfqidk &f mvl@tcGit hf a&;a=unmpmwrf;/ vl@tcGit hf a&;qkid &f m

Ekid if wH um yÉd^mOfpmcsKyfrsm;ESihf tjcm;vl@tcGit hf a&;pmcsKyfpmwrf;rsm;t&vnf;aumif;?
ukvor*~tzG@J 0ifEidk if t H m;vH;k onf vl@tcGit hf a&;ESihf tajccHvw G v f yfciG rhf sm;udk umuG,jf r‡iw hf ifay;&rnfh
0wW&m;&dSonfESifhtnD/ tzGJ@0ifEdkifiHtm;vHk;rsm;taejzifh vufawG@aqmif&Gufr_e,fy,fY txufygtrsKd;rsKd;
tpm;tpm;aom Ekid if w H umpmcsKyfpmwrf;rsm;t& ‚if;wk@d .wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk jznfq h nf;ay;&rnfh wm0ef&Sd
onf[k xyfrH twnfðycsut f &vnf;aumif;?
jrefrmEdik if o
H nf uav;oli,ftcGit hf a&;qkid &f moabmwlpmcsKyf/ trsK;d orD;rsm;tm;ykpH rH sK;d pkjH zifh cGjJ cm;
zdESdyfqufqHjcif;rsm; y,fzsufa&;oabmwlpmcsKyf/ vlrsKd;wHk;owfjzwfonfh&mZ0wfr_tm; umuG,fjcif;ESifh
jypf'%fay;jcif;qdik &f m oabmwlpmcsKyf/ ppf'%foifo h rl sm;udu k muG,af pmifah &Smufa&;qkid &f m 1949 ckEpS f =o*kwf
v (12)&uf *seD AD moabmwlpmcsKyf/ twif; t=uyftvkyaf pckid ;f jcif;ESihf t"rRvyk t f m;ay;apr_qidk &f m 1930
ckEpS f oabmwlpmcsKyf( pmcsKyftrSwf 292 )ESihf Ekid if w H umtvkyo f rm;tzG@J csKyf( tdik t f ,ftkd ). vGwv f yfpmG
toif;tyif;zG@J pnf;v_y&f mS ;cGiEhf iS hf vGwv f yfpmG pnf;&H;k cGiw hf @dk tm; tumtuG,af y;onfh 1948 ckEpS f oabmwl
pmcsKyf ( pmcsKyftrSwf 87 )wd@k . tzG@J 0ifEikd if jH zpfonfukd owdðyr_t&vnf;aumif;?
uav;rsm;ta&;ESiv hf ufeufuikd yf ËdyuQta&;tay: taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;. vH+k cHKa&;aumifpq D ;kH jzwf
csuf 1460 (2003)udk ESv;kH oGi;f Ivnf;aumif;?
,cifucsrw S cf ahJ omqH;k jzwfcsurf sm; ( r=umao;rDu csrw S cf o hJ nfh 2002 ckEpS f 'DZifbmv(18)&uf.
qH;k jzwfcsuf trSwf 57§231/ 2003 ckEpS f {+yDv (16)&ufae@ qH;k jzwfcahJ om vl@tcGit hf a&;aumfr&Si. f qH;k jzwf
csut f rSwf 2003§12 ESihf jrefrmEdik if t H wGi;f twif;t=uyftvkyaf pckid ;f jcif;ESihf t"rRvyk t f m;ay;apr_w@dk EiS hf
ywfoufI 2000 ckEpS f ZGev f (14)&ufae@wiG ðf yvkyo f nfh (88)}udraf jrmuf Edik if w H umtvkyo f rm;nDvmcHwiG f
Edik if w
H umtvkyo f rm;tzG@J csKyf( tdik t
f ,fvt f kd )u jyÏmef;onfq h ;kH jzwfcsuf )udk jyefvnfazmfaqmifIvnf;
aumif;?
202
tpd;k &tcGit hf m%m. rlvtajccHonf jynforl sm;.qENoabmxm;jzpfonfEiS t hf nD/ 1990jynfEh pS wf iG f

&Si;f vif;pGm xkwaf zmfjyocJo h nfh jrefrmjynforl sm;. qENoabmxm;udk twnfðyIvnf;aumif;?
jrefrmEdik if w H iG f ppfreS o f nf'h rD ukd a&pDtpd;k &w&yfwnfaxmifjcif;onf vl@tcGit hf a&;rsm;ESihf tajccHvw G f
vyfciG rhf sm;udk em;vnfoabmaygujf znfq h nf;ay;&eftwGuf r&drS jzpfvt dk yfonfudk twnfðyIvnf;aumif;?
aumif;rGeo f nft h yk cf sLyfa&;/ 'Dru kd a&pDa&;/ w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;ESihf vl@tcGit hf a&;rsm;tm; av;pm;vdu k ef m
jcif;onfom wdik ;f jynf. pD;yGm;a&;ESizhf @G +H zdK;wd;k wufa&;wd@k twGuf t"duusonfukd todtrSwjf yKvsuf &So d nf
udkvnf;aumif;?
jrefrmEkid if t
H wGi;f bde;f xkwv f yk rf u_ kd wku
d zf su&f efvt
kd yfa=umif; tpd;k &uykrd I dk em;vnfvufcv H mjcif;tm;
rSwfwrf;wifjcif;tm;jzifhvnf;aumif;?
2003 ckEpS f =o*kwv f 30 &ufae@wiG f jrefrmEdik if 0H ef}uD;csKyfrS xkwjf yefa=unmcJah om 'Drd u kd a&pDtoGif
ul;ajymif;a&; Edik if aH &;vrf;jyajryHu k kd rSww f rf;wifjcif;tm;jzifv h nf;aumif;?
(1)atmufygtcsufrsm;udk óudqdktyfonf?
(u) +yD; cJoh nfEh pS t f wGi;f urBmu

h v
k or*~ taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;csKyf. txl;oHwreftm; jrefrmEkid if o H @dk
vnfywfEikd &f ef cGijhf yKcJjh cif;tm;vnf;aumif;/ ukvor*~ vl@tcGit
hf a&;aumfr&Sirf cS ef@tyfxm;aom vl@tcGihf
ta&;ud,
k pf m;vS,t f m; vl@tcGi@f a&;tajctaersm;ESiyhf wfowfI pkpH rf;Edik &f ef cGijhf yKcJ+h cif;tm;vnf;aumif;?
(c) jrefrmtpd;k &tm; trsK;d om;jyefvnf&if=um;apha&;/ awG@qaHk qG;aEG;a&;vrf;a=umif;ay:od@k a&muf&ef

wGe;f tm;ay;aom Ekid if w H umtodik ;f t0dik ;f. óud;yrf;r_rsm; / txl;ojzif@ a'oqdik &f mEkid if rH sm;.óud;yrf;r_/ 2003
ckEpS f ZGevf (18)&ufae@pJG jzif@ (10)}udraf jrmuf ASEAN xdyo f ;D aqG;aEG;yGrJ aS zmfjyxm;aom a'oqdik &f m
vkðH cHa&;twGuf t "duaomhcsuo f nf 'Drukd a&pDazmfaqmifa&;jzpfonf[al omtcsuu f kd vduk ef mtodtrSwf
ðy&efqakd om tcsut f m;vnf;aumif;?
(*) ukvor*~ taxGaxGtwGi;f ta&;r_;csKyf. jrefrmEkid if EH iS yhf wfowfaom tpD&ifcpH m tm;vnf;aumif;?
(C) ukvor*~ vlt h cGit hf a&;ud,k pf m;vS,. f jrefrmEkid if v
H @l tcGi@f ta&;tajctaeta=umif; tpD&ifcpH m
tm;vnf;aumif;?
(i) vwfwavm t"rRvyk t f m;ay;r_EiS @f ywfoufI taumiftxnfazmfEidk o f nf@tajctae r&Sad o;aomf
vnf;/ t"rRvyk t f m;ay;ckid ;f apcH&jcif;a=umif@ twd'u k aQ &muforl sm;tm;ulnaD y;&ef vGwv f yfonft h ultnD
ay;a&;tzG@J wnfaxmifa&; oabmwlncD suyf g0ifon@f jrefrmtpk;d &ESi@f Ekid if w H umtvkyo f rm;tzG@J csKyfw@kd .
arv (27)&uf 2003ae@ &efuek ðf rd@wiG f oabmwlncD @J onfh yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G rf v _ yk if ef;pOftm;vnf;aumif;?
(p) Ekid if w
H um =uufa+ceDaumfrwD ( tdik pf t D mpD )ESi@f qufvufI yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G af ejcif;tm; vnf;
aumif;?
(2) atmufygtcsufrsm;udk tvGeftrif;pdk;&drfa=umif; azmfjyonf ?
(u) arv (30)&uf 2003 &ufae@wiG f jzpfymG ;cJah om t=urf;zufr=_ u;D wGif e t z vufuikd w f w k f =u@H z@HG tzG@J
}u;D . ajAmifusus yg0ifywfoufaer_EiS @f jrefrmEkid if t
H wGi;f tqd;k &Gm;qk;H vl@tcGit
hf a&;csL;d azgurf r_ sm; qufvuf
jzpfay:aejcif;?
(c) a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; tus,cf sKyftjzpf qufvufxrd ;f odr;f xm;jcif;ESi@f vGwv f yfpmG oGm;vmEkid f
203
aom olr. tajccHv@l tcGit hf a&;rsm;udk jiif;qefaejcif;tjyif trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. xdyw f ef;acgi;f
aqmifrsm;tm; qufvufxed ;f odr;f xm;jcif;?
(*) wEkid if v
H ;Hk &dS trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csLyf&;Hk rsm;tm; ydwyf ifxm;r_/ trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tzG@J 0if
rsm;/ tjcm;Ekid if aH &;ygw0D ifrsm;ESi@f axmufco H rl sm;tm; teD;uyfapmif@=unfrh r_ sm;ESi@f axmifoiG ;f tusO;f cs
aejcif;rsm;/ xd@k tjyif Ekid if aH &; tusO;f om;rsm;tm; axmifoufaphajrmufaomfvnf; qufvufzrf;qD;xm;jcif;?
(C) trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csLyf tzJ@G 0ifrsm;tm; }uH@z@G t
H zG@J rS pEkpw
f us aESmif,h u S +f cdr;f ajcmufaejcif;?
(i) ukvor*~ vl@tcGi@f ta&;aumfr&Sirf cS ef@tyfxm;aom txl;pkpH rf;a&;uk, d pf m;vS,Ef iS @f yl;aygi;f aqmif
&Gurf _ tm;enf;jcif;/
Oyrm - vl@tcGi@f a&;txl;uk, d pf m;vS,w f ifjyxm;aom vl@tcGi@f a&;csK;d azmufrq _ ;kd &Gm;aeaom wdik ;f &if;
om;vlrsKd ;pka'orsm;od@k oGm;a&mufI vGwv f yfaom pHpk rf;ppfaq;r_rsm;ðyvky&f ef ppftpd;k &rS cGi@f rðyao;jcif;?
(3) tvGeftrif; pdk; &drf yl yefr_ rsm; udk atmuf yg tcsuf rsm; jzif@xyfrH azmf jyonf?
(u) jrefrmjynforl sm;. Ekid if o H m;tcGit hf a&; / Ekid if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;ESi@f ,Ofaus;r_tcGi@f ta&;rsm;
tygt0if vl@tcGi@f ta&;rsm;udk jrefrmtpd;k &rS pepfwus tpDtpOf&&dS dS csLd ;azguaf er_rsm;?
(1)Oya'rJ@oufjzwfjcif;/ ppfom;rsm;vufeufozG,f tok;H ðyavh&adS omn‡O;f yrf;ESyd pf ufr/_ rk'ed ;f r_rsm;ESi@f
tjcm;vdiq f ikd &f mt=urf;zufrr_ sm; / pdwyf suzf , G q
f ;kd &Gm;edr@f usvaS om xde;f odr;f a&;pcef;rsm;.tajctae/ t"rR
ae&majymif;a&$@rr_ sm;/ uav;rsm;tm; vkyo f m;tjzpf t"rRapcdik ;f aer_tygt0if / t"rRvyk t f m;apckid ;f r_/ ppfwyf
rS jynforl sm;. toufarG;0rf;a=umif;vkyif ef;rsm;udk zsuq f ;D r_rsm;ESi@f twif;t=uyfajrae&modr;f ydu k rf r_ sm;/
tpm;taomuf/ use;f rma&;ESihf ynma&;tp&daS om vlaer_tqif@twef;qdik &f m tcGi@f ta&;rsm;tm; csKd ;
azmufr?_
(11) owif;vGwv f yfciG @f / vGwvf yfpmG toif;tyif;zG@J pnf;cGi@f / vGwv f yfpmG v_y&f mS ;oGm;vmcGi@f tygt0if
vGwv f yfpmG xkwaf zmfajymqdck iG @f rsm;tm; ppftpd;k &rS jiif;y,faejcif;?
(111) wdik ;f &if;om;vlenf;pkrsm;/ trsK;d orD;rsm;ESiu hf av;rsm;tm; rwlno D nfb h moma&; (od@k r[kw)f
vlrsK;d a&;udt k ajccHI cJ+G cm;qufqrH rl sm;ESihf n‡O;f yrf;EdyS pf ufrr_ sm;?
(c) Ekid if w
H iG ;f td;k rJt
h rd rf @J a&$@ajymif;yke;f cdak e&ol ta&twGuyf rkd rkd sm;jym;vmjcif;ESi@f tdref ;D csi;f Ekid if rH sm;od@k
pD;0ifa&muf&o dS mG ;=uaom rsm;jym;vSonf'h u k o
Q nfrsm;.tajctaeESihf Ttajctaersm;udk ajz&Si;f &ef Ekid if H
wumOya't& jrefrmtpd;k &. wm0ef&rdS u _ kd owdðyrdjcif;?
(4) atmufygtcsufrsm;tm; jrefrmtpdk;&odk@ awmif;qkdonf?
(u) arv(30)&uf 2003 ckEpS Yf jzpfymG ;cJ@aom 'Dy, J if;jzpf&yfEiS phf yfvsO;f I Ekid if w
H umESihf yl;aygi;f um
vGwv f yfaom pkpH rf;ppfaq;r_rsm;ukd jynfph pHk mG jyKvkyo f mG ;&ef/
(c) &Sr;f jynfe,fEiS @f tjcm;jynfe,frsm;wGif ppfom;rsm;usK;vGecf @J =uonf@t"rRðyusi@f rr_ sm;ESi@f tjcm;aom
rw&m;zdESdyfr_rsm;udk pkkHprf;ppfaq;&eftwGuf ukvor*~vl@tcGif@ta&;txl;ukd,fpm;vS,f.tqdkjycsufudk
jrefrmtpd;k &taejzifh csucf si;f taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&u G &f ef/ xd@k tjyif txl;uk, d pf m;vS,o f mG ;vko
d nf@
rnfonf@a'o rqdk oGm;a&mufEidk &f efEiS @f txl;uk, d pf m;vS,t f m;yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G o
f rl sm;. vkòH caH &;ukd tmrcH
&ef?
204
(*) ukvor*~EiS hf Ekid if w H umvlom;csi;f pmemaomtzJ@G tpnf;rsm;taejzifh vlom;csi;f pmemaom ulnD

axmufy@H rr_ sm; ay;tyfEidk af &;ESihf taxmuftyHyh pPnrf sm;tm; tvdt k yfq;Hk olrsm;xHo@kd trSew f u,f a&muf&Sd
Ekid &f eftwGuf jrefrmEkid if H ae&ma'otm;vk;H od@k [efwm;aESmif, h u
S rf u_ if;pGmESi@f vkðH crH &_ pSd mG oGm;vm pkpH rf;Ekid af &;
wd@k ukd tmrcHcsut f jrefay;&ef?
(C) typftcwf&yfpjJ cif; rjyKvky&f ao;onfh wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkrsm;eSihf jzpfymG ;aeonfyh ÉdyuQrsm;udk
tqk;H owfEidk af &;twGuf +idr;f csr;f pGm awG@qakH qG;aEG;tajz&Smonfeh nf;vrf;udt k oH;k jyK&ef/ typftcwf&yfpx J m;
onfh wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pka'orsm;&Sd vl@tcGit hf a&;tajctaersm; wd;k wufaumif;rGev f map&efEiS hf a'ozG@H òz;d a&;
tpDtpOfrsm;udk wd;k jr‡iahf qmif&u G &f ef?
(i) jrefrmEkid if w H iG ;f twif;t=uyftvkycf ikd ;f apjcif; (od@k ) t"rRtvkyaf pcdik ;f jcif;ESiyhf wfoufI pHpk rf;ppfaq;
Ekid &f ef Ekid if wH umtvkyo f rm;tzG@J (tdik t f ,fvt f )kd . 1930 (nDvmcHtrSwf 29)t& zG@J pnf;xm;onfh pHpk rf;ppf
aq;a&;aumfr&Si. f t}uHjyKcsurf sm;udk tjynft h 0taumiftxnfazmfEidk &f eftvd@k igS Ekid if w H umtvkyo f rm;
tzG@J EiS hf yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G Ef idk rf nfh vdtk yfaomtajctaersm;ESihf tajccHvyk af qmifrr_ sm;tm;vH;k udak qmif&u G &f ef/
jrefrmEkid if t H wGi;f twif;t=uyf vkyt f m;ckid ;f apaer_rsm;twGujf refrmtpk;d &ESihf Ekid if w H umtvkyo f rm;tzG@J
yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G af &;vkyif ef; tpDtpOfEiS phf yfqidk o f nfh 0ef;usiw
f &yfwnfaqmuf&efEiS hf txl;tm;jzifh yHy;dk
aqmif&u G af y;rnft h pDtpOfrsm;ukd wnfaqmufxm;&efEiS hf ,k=H unfpw d cf savmufaom taumiftxnfazmf
aqmif&u G rf r_ sm;ukd vkyaf qmif&ef?
(5) jrefrmtpdk;&odk@ atmufygtcsufrsm;udk tjyif;txefwdkufwGef;onf?
(u) vl@tcGit hf a&;csK;d azmufrr_ sm;tm; tpDtpOf&&dS dS pepfwusvyk af qmifaer_rsm;ukd &yfqidk ;f &efEiS hf vl@tcGihf
ta&;ESihf tajccHvw G v
f yfciG rhf sm;tm;vH;k udk tjynft h 0 av;pm;vdu k ef m&ef?
(c) arv (30) &ufEiS hf (30)&ufae@aemufyikd ;f zrf;qD;xm;onfh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tzG@J 0ifrsm;/
acgi;f aqmifrsm;ESihf a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd tm; c|i;f csurf &Sd v$waf y;&efEiS /hf 'Dru dk a&pDtoGiu f al jymif;a&;
umvtpDtpOfrsm;/ trsKd ;om;jyefvnf&if=um;apha&;udp&P yfrsm;wGif ‚if;wk@d tm; tjynft h 0yg0ifaqmif&u G f
cGifhjyK&ef?
(*) Ekid if aH &;tusO;f om;tm;vH;k udk ¹cGi;f csurf &Sd csucf si;f v$waf y;&ef?
(C) ar (30) jzpf&yfaemufyidk ;f ,m,Dxw k jf yefxm;aom trde@f rsm;/ Oya'rsm;udk csujf cif;¶kyo f rd ;f &efEiS hf
Ekid if t
H 0Sr;f &Sd trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf ¶k;H rsm;tm;vH;k udk csujf cif;jyefziG &hf ef?
(i) +ird ;f csr;f aom Ekid if aH &;v_y&f mS ;aqmif&u G rf r_ sm; rjyKvkyEf idk &f ef &nf&, G cf srwS xf m;aom wm;qD;uef@owf
csurf eS o f r# tm; tjrefq;Hk y,fzsuaf y;&ef/ owif;vGwv f yfciG t
hf ygt0if vGwv f yfpmG toif;tyif;zG@J pnf;cGiEhf iS hf
vGwv f yfpmG oabmxm;xkwaf zmfciG rhf sm;udk tmrcHcsuaf y;&ef?
(p) vl@tcGit hf a&;tm; pepfwuscsK;d azmufrr_ sm;ESihf rw&m;zdEydS rf r_ sm; tqH;k owfapa&;twGuf vl@tcGihf
ta&;udk csK;df azmufae=uonfh ppfom;rsm;/ }uH@z@HG tzG@J 0ifrsm;ESihf tjcm;aomtpd;k &0efxrf;rsm;tm; rnfonfh
tajctaersKd ;wGif rqdk pHpk rf;ppfaq;&efEiS hf ¶k;H wifw&m;pGq J &kd ef?
(q) 2003 ckEpS /f ar (30)aemufyikd ;f jrefrmEkid if t H wGi;f jzpfysuaf eaomtajctaerSerf sm;udk tuJjzwf
Ekid &f eftwGuf yxr tqift h aejzifh jrefrmtpd;k &onf ukvor*~taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;csKyf. txl;oHwrefEiS hf
ukvor*~ vl@tcGit hf a&;aumfr&Sirf cS ef@tyfxm;aom vl@tcGit hf a&;txl;uk, d pf m;vS,w f @kd EiS hf ,ckxufyrkd I kd
t&Sed t f [kejf r‡iyhf ;l aygi;f aqmif&u G &f ef/ t&yfom;tkycf sKyfa&;pepfqu D Odk ;D wnfaom toGiu f ;l ajymif;a&;umvqD
ok@d wdik ;f jynfuakd &S@aqmif&ef/ ukvor*~ taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;csKyf. txl;oHwrefEiS hf vl@tcGit hf a&;aumfr&Sif
205
. txl;uk, d pf m;vS,w f @kd tm; jrefrmEkid if t

H wGi;f vGwv f yfpmG oGm;vmpHpk rf;Ekikd cf iG hf tjynft h 0&&Sad pa&;udk tmrcH
&ef/ ukvor*~taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;csKyf. txl;oHwrefEiS hf vl@tcGit hf a&;aumfr&Si. f txl;uk, d pf m;vS,w f @kd
tm; yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G =f uolrsm;ukd +cdr;f ajcmufr/_ [ef@wm;aESmif, h u
S rf _ (od@k r[kw)f yHpk w H pfrsK;d rsK;d jzifh ta&;,l
rcH&apa&;twGuf tmrcHcsuaf y;&ef ESihf ‚if;wd@k jrefrmEkid if YH &Sad epOftwGi;f trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tyg
t0if Ekid if aH &;ygwt D oD;oD;rStzG@J 0ifrsm;/ acgi;f aqmifrsm;ESihf wef;wl&nfwal wG@qEkH idk af tmif aqmif&u G af y;&ef?
(Z) 'Drudk a&pDpepf jyefvnfazmfaqmifa&;ESihf 1990 a&G;aumufy&JG v'frsm;udk taumiftxnfazmfEidk &f ef
'Dru kd a&pDpepfo@kd ul;ajymif;a&;ESihf trsK;d om;jyefvnf&if=um;apha&;wd@k twGuf a':atmifqef;pk=unftygt0if
trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS acgi;f aqmifrsm;ESihf xda&mufIpepfusaom awG@qakH qG;aEG;yGu J kd csucf si;f pwif&ef/
xd@k tjyif tjcm;Ekid if aH &;acgi;f aqmifrsm;ESihf wdik ;f &if;om;ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;ufv kd nf; xdak wG@qakH qG;aEG;yGrJ sm;wGif
apmv#ipf mG xnfo h iG ;f &ef?
(ps) 'Dru kd a&pD toGiu f ;l ajymif;a&;twGuf a&;qGx J m;aom vuf&EdS idk if aH &;vrf;jyajryHw k iG f t"duvkt d yf
aomtcsurf sm; ryg&adS y? Oyrm - rnfonft h csed w
f iG f pwifrnf/ rnfonft h csed Yf +yD;qH;k rnf ponfh wdusaom
tcsed u f mvvnf; owfrw S xf m;jcif;r&Sad y? xd@k tjyif Ekid if aH &;tiftm;pkrsm; tm;vH;k yg0ifEidk rf nf/h wdik ;f &if;om;
vlrsKd ;pkrsm;tm;vH;k yg0ifEidk rf nfh pDrcH surf sm;vnf; ryg&adS y? od@k twGuf 'Dru kd a&pDtoGiu f ;l ajymif;a&;twGuf
Ekid if aH &;vrf;jyajryHYk yg0ifaomvkyif ef;pOfrsm;tm; trsm;u ,H=k unfvufcEH idk af vmufaom/ Ekid if aH &;tiftm;
pktm;vH;k / wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkrsm;tm;vH;k yg0ifEidk af om Ekid if aH &;vrf;jyajryHk jzpfvmEkid af &;twGuf taotcsm
jyefvnfqef;ppf&ef?
(6) (18)'DZifbm 2002 taxGaxGnDvmcHqHk;jzwfcsuf 57§23 t&vnf;aumif;/ (16){+yDv 2003

vl@tcGifh ta&;aumfr&Sif qHk;jzwfcsuf 2003§12 t&vnf;aumif;/ xyfrHI jrefrmtpdk;&tm; atmufyg
tcsufrsm;udk jyif;xefpGmwdkufwGef;tyfonf?
(u) vGwv f yfonfw h &m;pD&ifa&;/ Oya'vkyx f ;Hk vkyef nf;rsm;ESit hf nDaqmif&u G Ef ikd af pa&;wd@k twGuf tmrcH
&ef?
(c) vufrw S af &;xd;k jcif; rðy&ao;aom Ekid if w H umvl@tcGit hf a&;pmcsKyfpmwrf;rsm;tm; oabmwlvuf
rSwaf &;xd;k a&; OD;pm;ay;pOf;pm;&efEiS hf Ekid if w H umvl@tcGit hf a&;pHcsed pf ! H e$ ;f rsm;twdik ;f vkyaf qmif&ef?f
(*) jrefrmppfwyftwGi;f ESihf tcsKd @aom wdik ;f &if;om;vufeufuikd t f iftm;pkrsm;twGi;f uav;ppfom;rsm;
yg0ifaer_EiS hf uav;ppfom;opf pkaqmif;aer_rsm;tm; csujf cif;&yfqidk ;f ypf&ef/
vufeufzsuo f rd ;f a&;/ ppfrx
_ rf;tjzpfrS E_wx f uG cf iG jhf yKa&;/ wef;wl&nfwl jyefvnfaygi;f pnf;a&;wd@k ukd
tmrcH&ef/
&nf&, G cf su&f &dS dS t"rRae&ma&$@ajymif;r_rsm;tm; tqH;k owf&ef/
Ekid if tH wGi;f xGuaf jy;wdr;f a&Smif yke;f cdak e&olrsm;ta&; tqH;k owf&efEiS hf tumtuG,af y;&ef/
'kuo Q nfrsm; ae&yfo@kd rdro d abmqENtavsmuf *k%o f u d mQ &Spd mG ESihf vH+k cHKpGmjyefvmEkid af &;twGuf
cGifhjyK&ef/
ud, k cf t H m;usqif;r_Aikd ;f &yfpyf ;kd ESihf ud,
k cf tH m;usqif;r_a&m*g (HIV/AIDS) wdu k zf suaf &;wGuf
vkt d yfaomvkyif ef;pOf rsm; csrw S t f aumiftxnfazmf&ef?
206
(7) taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;csKyfodk@ yef=um;csuf
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jrefrmjynforl sm;ESiahf omfvnf;aumif;/tpd;k &ESiahf omfvnf;aumif;/'Dru kd a&pDjyefvnfazmfaqmifa&;
ESihf vl@tcGihf ta&;tajctaersm;ta=umif; qufvufaqG;aEG;vkyaf qmifomG ;yg&efEiS hf taxGaxG
twGi;f a&;rª;csKyf. pGr;f aqmifEidk rf r_ sm;ESihf aqmif&u
G yf idk cf iG rhf sm;udk qufvuftoH;k jyKay;yg&ef?
(c) ,ck qH;k jzwfcsurf sm;ESiyhf wfoufI taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&u G Ef idk o
f nfwh ;kd wufrr_ sm;tm; t}urd f
(60)ajrmuf vl@ tcGit hf a&;aumfr&Sif nDvmcHEiS hf (59)}udraf jrmuf taxGaxGnv D mcHo@kd tpD&ifcpH m
wifjyay;yg&ef?
(*) ukvor*~taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;csKyfrS cef@tyfxm;aom txl;oHwref.yHyh ;kd aqmif&u G rf t
_ cef;u¾Y
‚if;.vkyif ef;wm0efrsm; atmifjrifpmG tjynft h 0taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&u G Ef idk &f ef vdt
k yfaom
tultnDrsm; ay;yg&ef?
(C) vl@tcGithf a&;aumfr&Si.

f txl;uk,
d pf m;vS,t
f m; ‚if;tm; tyfEiS ;f xm;aom vkyif ef;wm0ef
rsm; atmifjrifpmG tjynft
h 0 taumiftxnfazmfvyk af qmifEidk &f ef vdt
k yfaomtultnDrsm;
ay;yg&ef?
(8) jrefrmEdik if t
H a&;udprP sm;ESihf ywfoufI (59)}udraf jrmuf taxGaxGnv
D mcH}uD;wGif xyfraH q;GaEG;&ef
qHk;jzwfonf?
tar&duefEikd if H e,l;a,mh(cf)òrd@Y usi;f yaom ukvor*~taxGaxGnv D mcH}uD;rS

2003 ckEpS f 'DZifbmv 1 &ufaehwiG f tzG@J 0ifEidk if rH sm;tm;vk;H . oabmwlncD sujf zifh qk;H jzwfonf?
207
arv(30)&uf 2003 ckEp S Yf jzpfymG ;cJa Œ om

'Dy,
J if;jzpf&yfEi
S p
hf yfvsOf;I Eki
d if w
H umESiy hf ;l aygif;um
vGwvf yfaompkp H rf;ppfaq;r+rsm;ukd jynfp h p
Hk mG jyKvkyo f mG ;&ef
To initiate a full and independent inquiry,

with international cooperation, into the Depayin
incident of 30 May 2003.
United Nations ; General Assembly

Fifty-eighth session
Third Committee
Agenda item 117 (c)
Human rights questions : human rights situations and reports of
special rapporteurs and representatives
tpd;k & tm%mydi k r

f sm;u
yl;aygif;}uHpnfaqmif&u G w f mrsdK; r[kw& f if
'Dy, J if;jzpf&yf jzpfymG ;edi
k p
f &m r&Sb
d ;l qdw k thJ csufukd oH;k oyfeikd z
f Œdk
cdi
k v
f w
kH tŒJ a-umif; taxmuftxm;oufaocHcsuf&a dS e_yDvkd h
usaemf ajymedi k w f ,f?
I can say that there is a prima facie evidence that the

Depayin incident could not have happened without
the connivance of State agents.
ukvor*~ vlt
Œ cGit
hf a&;qki
d &
f m txl;uk,d p f m;vS,f
ygarmuQ rpPwm ay:vkq d m*sD,dk yDn±J ;dk
208
'DyJ,if;vkyf}uHr+ ta&;,laqmif±Gufa&;aumfr&SifrS xkwfa0onf

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'kwd,t}udrf y%mrtpD&ifcHpm

The Ad hoc Commission On

T'kwd,t}udrf y%mrtpD&ifcHpmwGif azmfjyxm;aomtcsuftvufrsm;/ wifjycsuf

email address: ahcdm@cscoms.com

tcef; ( 4 ) 'Dy, f y%mroH;k oyfwifjycsuf ----------- ( 42 )

tcef; ( 5 ) rsujf rifoufaorsm;.xGucf surf sm; ------------------------- ( 53 )

(1) "gwyf rkH sm;/'%f&m&olrsm;/ vlaysmuf/

(2) trsKd ;om;'Dru

(3) a':atmifqef;pk=unf. owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGEJ iS hf

(4) etz . owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGrJ &l if;rsm; -------------------------------- ( 169 )

(5) aZmfaZmfatmif/ udak usmv f iG /f rE aW v;wkid ;f trsK;d om;'Dru

(6) &efuek w f idk ;f / urm±Gwòf rd@e,f trsK;d om;'Dru

(7) 2003 ckEpS /f Ek0d ifbmv (18)&ufaeŒwGif usi;f yaom

jynfo@l vw$ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;tzJ@G (jrefrmEkid if )H / trsK;d om;'Dru

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmedkifiH trsKd;om;aumifpD jrefrmedkifiHa&S haersm;aumifpD

(2) OD;ausmaf usm/f (2) OD;rif;vGiOf ;D (LL.B)

ppftkyfpkrS usL;vGefcJhaom &mZ0wfr+rsm;eSifh vGwfjidrf;cGifh ( Impunity )

'DyJ,if; vkyf}uHr+}uD;. xl;jcm;r+

aumfr&Sif. tm;enf;csufESifh tm;omcsufrsm;

'DyJ,if;vkyf}uHr+}uD;eSifh pyfvsOf;I xm;&So

ta&;,laqmif&Gufr+ tm;enf;jcif;ESifh t-urf;zufr+oo

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a':atmifqef;pk-unfESifh tzGJŒcsKyftzGJŒ0ifrsm;tay: 'DyJ,if;vkyf}uHr+ rwdkifrD

(1) 17-5-02 &ufae@wiG f &efuek af jrmufyikd ;f c¶dik /f a¶$jynfomòrdŒe,ftzG@J csKyf¶;kH ?

(1) 14-6-02 &ufae@rS 15-6-02 &ufae@txd rGejf ynfe,f/ omrn? (omrnawmifq&mawmf -

tm%mydik rf sm;u a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftay: aESmif, h u S [

yxrt}udrrf mS a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS t hf zG@J anmifwek ;f òrd@/ "EkjzLòrd@EiS t hf eD;tem;aus;&Gmrsm;od@k / {+yDv

a':atmifqef;pk=unf.+cH0if;twGif; (4-1-96) ae@wGif (47)ESpfajrmuf vGwfvyfa&;ae@tcrf;tem;

Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J . &xm;yd@k aqmifa&;0ef}uD;Xme/ 0ef}uD;wOD;jzpfol OD;0if;pdef

jzpfpOfrmS 1-11-96 &ufae@ (14;00)em&Dtcsed cf ef@wiG /f tif;awmfòrd@r(S 1)rkid cf ef@a0;aom/ v,fjyifaus;&Gm

tcrf;tem;usi;f ypOfuvnf;/ rde@f ceG ;f ajym qkd

1998 ckEpS /f ZGev f (25)&ufae@wiG /f wuUov kd &f yd of mvrf;¶Sd a':atmifqef;pk=unf.aetdrYf vli,frsm;tm;

1998 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v

1998 ckESpfu {&m0wDwkdif; ykodrfòrdŒokdŒtoGm; &efukefwkdif; xef;wyifòrdŒe,f/ yefwkdif±Gm (tnmpk)wGif

axmuf}u@H ppfaq;a&;*dwo f @kd a&mufonft h cg armfawmf,mOfukd &yfxm;apcJo h nf/ (10)rdepfcef@&yfxm;+y;D aemuf

1998 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v

1998 ckEpS /f Zkvidk v

rsm;tm; &mZ0wfjypfr_ usL;vGeaf vh&o dS rl sm;twGuo f m tok;H jyK

ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJGŒcsKyf A[kdXmecsKyftm; 0ifa&mufpD;eif;I aomhrsm;±kdufcsKd;_yD;

2000 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv(2)&ufae@wGif Adkvfrª;}uD;oef;xGef; (=unf;§12013) OD;aqmifonfh

2003 ckEpS /f arv(6)&ufae@rS pwifcahJ om a':atmifqef;pk=unf. ucsijf ynfe,fpnf;&H;k a&;c&D;pOfwavsmufwiG f

2003 ckESpf arv(11)&ufaeŒ aeŒvnf(12)em&DwGif uomòrdŒt0if*dwfodkŒa&muf&Sd&m

usiaf ESmif, h u S o f nfu=kd uHKawG@&onf?2 a':atmifqef;pk=unfrS a'ocHjynfov l xl Ek iS hf tm;ay;axmufco H rl sm;

2003 ckESpf arv(12)&ufaeŒ n(8)em&DcGJcefŒwGif rdk;aumif;òrdŒe,f/ ref&Gufaus;&Gmt0if vrf;xdyfwGif

2003 ckESpf arv(15)&ufaeŒ eHeuf(4)em&DcGJcefŒ erRwD;vrf;twdkif;xGufcGmvm&m

arv(16)&uf eHeuf(6)em&Dcef@wiG f jrpf}uD;em;+rdK@o@kd qufvufxu G cf mG vm&m/ eHeuf(8)em&Dcef@wiG f jrpf}uD;

arv(18)&uf eHeuf(9)em&Dcef@wiG f 0dik ;f armfòrd@o@kd c&D;qufvufxu G cf mG cJ&h m 0dik ;f armf+rdK@t0if aemifwmav

rEWav;wkdif;±kH;a&SŒrS apmifhqkdif;óudqkdae-uonfh jynfolvlxk}uD;tm;

eHeuf(9)em&Dcef@wiG f Aef;armfòrd@o@kd c&D;qufvufxu G cf mG vm&m/ nae(5)em&Dct JG csed f w&kwEf ikd if EH iS hf uyfv#u&f dS

tiftm;(400)ausmfcef@&Sd =uH@zGH@rsm;.uef@uGufqENjyaESmifh,Sufjcif;udkcHcJh&onf? a':atmifqef;pk=unfESifh

a':atmifqef;pk-unfrdefŒcGef;ukd em;axmifae-uaom rEWav;wkdif;±kH;a&SŒrS jynfolvlxk}uD;

rkd;ukwfc&D;pOfrS rEWav;òrdŒokdŒa&muf&Sdvmaom a':atmifqef;pk-unfESifhtzJGŒtm;

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