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0 INTRODUCTION
The KF760 Series Line Array represents a powerful, new second-generation line array technology
optimized for use in portable sound reinforcement applications. Because the system is scalable,
designers can create arrays as small as four enclosures or as large as 20.
Employing a technology we call Divergence Shading, a KF760 Series array will provide even SPL
coverage across radically different throw distances ranging from 15 feet to several hundred feet. Sonic
quality will be uniformly excellent and pattern control will be maintained well into the low frequency range.
All this is achieved with a minimum of DSP, enabling an intuitive approach to array design. And since
simple 1/3-octave EQ will usually suffice to tune the system, this intuitive quality extends to system
operation, as well.
A simplified rigging system speeds set-up and teardown, while properly dimensioned caster pallets create
a more uniform truck-packing environment.
This KF760 Series Touring Usage Guide will provide users with information on KF760 Series application,
array design concepts, powering and processing issues, and rigging and transportation techniques.
EAW engineers paid great attention to details of life on the road, making the KF760 Series the simplest,
most flexible line array system on the market.
1 OVERVIEW
Applications
The KF760 Series Line Array is engineered for concert touring use in venues such as arenas, large
ballrooms, music pavilions, convention center exhibit halls, theaters, auditoriums, and flat field or
amphitheater-style outdoor events. Using just two models (KF760 and KF761), designers can easily
reconfigure this scalable system for different size venues from theaters under 1,000 seats to large arenas
and even outdoor stadiums.
LF
MF
HF
Nominal Cov. (H x V)
Face to Face Angles
Recommended Throw Distances
KF760
KF761
Horn design represents a key qualitative difference between the two models. The KF760 s horns are
optimized for long-throw capabilities while the KF761 s horns are optimized for smoothest sound in the
extreme nearfield.
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Array Coherency
Producing a coherent wavefront from multiple enclosures containing multiple transducers represents the
primary challenge in array design. The KF760 Series seeks to reduce the apparent number of
transducers by:
physically and electronically aligning the transducers within a single enclosure so they appear as
a single source
spacing transducers to maximize coupling
employing horns that maximize coupling
Within each module (both KF760 and KF761), all transducers are symmetrically spaced so that the sound
appears to come from points located along an axis passing from front to back through the center point of
the enclosure. Applying recommended signal delay then unifies those points, making each module an
apparent point source.
As enclosures are added to an array, these points then define a line source. Further, the box-to-box
transducer spacing is close enough to promote physical coupling through the entire LF and much of the
MF passband, even in flat-faced configurations.
Intelligent horn design facilitates box-to-box coupling through the upper MF and HF passbands.
Engineers paid particular attention to the HF horns, designing them to produce arced, not flat, wavefronts
for smoother response in single coverage as well as optimized coupling.
As stated above, all coupling features assume no gap between module faces.
Upfill
Many applications will require upfill coverage. Flown KF760 Series arrays can provide up to 12of upfill
coverage without additional rigging. Simply apply the basic array building techniques to up-angle KF760 s
or KF761 s for coverage above the horizontal axis. Upfill for groundstacked applications is covered
separately.
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1. Use the KF750 Wizard to determine the delay and shading settings required for the side-fill array.
2. The overall level balance between the KF760 Series Arrays and the KF750 Side-fill Arrays can be
easily balance by ear. The sensitivities are close to equal so normally the same drive level from the
same processors will produce close to equal levels from each of the arrays.
Subwoofers
Although the impressive low frequency performance of KF760 Series arrays allows them to be used
without subwoofers for some events, subwoofers will normally be used for live musical performances.
EAW recommends using KF940 Super-Subs or the trusty SB1000e. In most arrays, use
one SB1000e per KF760 up to 16 subwoofers
one SB1000e per pair of KF761 s when KF761 s are used alone
one KF940 per three KF760 s, up to 16 subwoofers
Of course, if your program material demands additional sub bass response, employ additional
subwoofers as needed.
Input Connectors
The connections for the KF760 and KF761 are identical, both using Neutrik NL8MP input connectors.
Input Connector Pin-Outs
Model
KF760
KF761
LF 1
(left looking from rear)
1- / 1+
1- / 1+
LF 2
(right looking from rear)
2- / 2+
2- / 2+
MF Pins
3- / 3+
3- / 3+
HF Pins
4- / 4+
4- / 4+
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Note: Each of the two LF transducers has its own input connections.
Signal Processing
The signal processing adjustments determined by EAW for the KF760 Series Array should be fully
implemented as is. These settings are determined from extensive measurements in typical venues as
well as the theory of curved sources from the acoustical work of physicists Harry Olsen and Leo Beranak.
As such, they will normally provide excellent results in a variety of venues.
Normally only 1/3 octave equalization should be required to modify the performance for a particular venue
and/or type of program material. If multiple processors are used, it is recommended that a 1/3-octave
equalizer be used in line with the KF760 s and another with the KF761 s. This way, the longer and shorter
throw characteristics of the array can be individually modified as needed.
Signal Block Diagram
The following block diagram shows the required signal flow for a large KF760 Series line array. For
smaller venues, reduce this setup by eliminating (in this order) the long throw section, the medium throw
section, the short throw section, ultimately leaving a near-field array comprised only of KF761 s. Note that
the minimum array comprises four enclosures. Subwoofers, as always, are optional depending on
program needs.
User EQ
1/3
Octave
8-way
Crossover
(This may
consist of one
or more
processors)
PEQ
HPF
LPF
Gain
Delay
Lim/Comp
Subwoofers
PEQ
HPF
LPF
Gain
Delay
Lim/Comp
To KF761 LF Amplifiers
PEQ
HPF
LPF
Gain
Delay
Lim/Comp
To KF761 MF Amplifiers
PEQ
HPF
LPF
Gain
Delay
Lim/Comp
To KF761 HF Amplifiers
PEQ
HPF
LPF
Gain
Delay
Lim/Comp
To KF760 LF Amplifiers
PEQ
HPF
LPF
Gain
Delay
Lim/Comp
To KF760 MF Amplifiers
PEQ
HPF
LPF
Gain
Delay
Lim/Comp
To KF760 HF Amplifiers
(short/medium throw section
PEQ
HPF
LPF
Gain
Delay
Lim/Comp
To KF760 HF Amplifiers
(long throw section)
-8dB
Q = 2.0
-8dB
Q = 4.0
24dB Linkwitz-Riley
24dB Linkwitz-Riley
Parametric
Parametric
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INPUT (6 x KF760)
GAIN 0dB
DELAY 20msec
PEQ1 364Hz
-4dB
Q = 1.5
Parametric
LF (6 x KF760)
GAIN -5.5dB
DELAY 0.00msec
PEQ1 54.1Hz
PEQ2 118Hz
PEQ3 236Hz
PEQ4 167Hz
HPF
76.5Hz
LPF
172Hz
+6dB
Q = 1.6
-5dB
Q = 2.5
-9dB
Q = 2.2
+6dB
Q = 2.1
24dB Butterworth
24dB Butterworth
Parametric
Parametric
Parametric
Parametric
MF (6 x KF760)
GAIN -13.5dB
DELAY 2.71msec
PEQ1 273Hz
PEQ2 408Hz
PEQ3 841Hz
PEQ4 1189Hz
HPF
193Hz
LPF
1335Hz
+3dB
Q = 2.0
-1.5dB
Q = 2.8
-4dB
Q = 2.7
-1dB
Q = 2.0
24dB Butterworth
24dB Butterworth
Parametric
Parametric
Parametric
Parametric
HF (6 x KF760)
GAIN -6dB
DELAY 3.10msec
PEQ1 1682Hz
PEQ2 3175Hz
PEQ3 5496Hz
PEQ4 16469Hz
PEQ5 595Hz
HPF
1059Hz
LPF
21983Hz
-11.5dB
Q = 2.7
-5dB
Q = 2.4
-3dB
Q = 3.4
+9dB
Q = 1.3
-10dB
Q = 4.0
24dB Butterworth
12dB Bessel
Parametric
Parametric
Parametric
Parametric
Parametric
LF (2 x KF761)
GAIN -5.5dB
DELAY 0.00msec
PEQ1 54.1Hz
PEQ2 118Hz
PEQ3 236Hz
PEQ4 167Hz
HPF
76.5Hz
LPF
172Hz
+6dB
Q = 1.6
-5dB
Q = 2.5
-9dB
Q = 2.2
+6dB
Q = 2.1
24dB Butterworth
24dB Butterworth
Parametric
Parametric
Parametric
Parametric
MF (2 x KF761)
GAIN -13.5dB
DELAY 4.06msec
PEQ1 273Hz
PEQ2 944Hz
PEQ3 1414Hz
PEQ4 612Hz
HPF
198Hz
LPF
1634Hz
+2dB
Q = 3.4
+3.5dB
Q = 2.1
+2.6dB
Q = 1.5
-1dB
Q = 3.6
24dB Butterworth
24dB Butterworth
Parametric
Parametric
Parametric
Parametric
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HF (2 x KF761)
GAIN -7dB
DELAY 2.60msec
PEQ1 612Hz
PEQ2 2059Hz
PEQ3 5496Hz
PEQ4 10679Hz
PEQ5 3175Hz
HPF
1297Hz
LPF
19027
-5dB
Q = 2.0
-11.5dB
Q = 1.1
-5dB
Q = 1.7
+8dB
Q = 1.5
+0.5dB
Q = 3.0
24dB Butterworth
12dB Bessel
Parametric
Parametric
Parametric
Parametric
Parametric
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The Fly-Bar must be suspended from supporting structure using a minimum of two pick points, one
each for the hoisting ring on each rigging bar.
Without a pull-back, the pull on the fly-bar must be within 5 of level from front-to-back.
Where the Fly-Bar angle must be in excess of 5 from level front-to-back to achieve the desired
coverage, an additional pick point and the Tail-Piece or Pull-Back Bar must be used as a pull-back
system.
The Fly-Bar must always be level side-to-side.
All four suspension points between an enclosure and the Fly-Bar and between any two enclosures
must be fully engaged and locked into position using the appropriate connecting pins.
2. The same is true for the bottom of the array. Because of the tight pattern control, the bottom
KF761 or KF760 must be angled to properly cover near the stage. The nearest listener should
barely be able to see the bottom surface of the bottom enclosure. If a pull-back is used for the
array, it should be set with this in mind.
KF760 Coverage Wizard
The KF760 Wizard is a tool for physically configuring a KF760 Series Line array. It determines the best
configuration for a given quantity of KF760 s and/or KF761 s in a given venue. This Wizard requires the
user to enter various venue dimensions in order to calculate the desired array performance and
recommend the configuration that will provide the best vertical coverage. The Wizard will not select the
optimum number of enclosures, but will calculate the optimum enclosure splays, array aiming angles, and
Fly-Bar pick point for a given quantity of KF760 s and/or KF761 s.
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Wizard Results
The results in the Wizard show:
Graphical representations of the array and the venue.
Axial splay angle between each pair of enclosures. Note this is NOT the rear splay angle but the
angle between the aiming axes of the enclosures.
On-axis aiming angle for each enclosure as a difference from 0 horizontal. A positive angle is
above horizontal and a negative one is below horizontal.
Various angles and throw distances calculated from the venue s dimensions.
Difference between the array dispersion angle and the needed coverage angles.
Length of the array and trim height to the bottom of the array from the floor.
Weight of the array.
Pick Point on the Fly-Bar to achieve the calculated array angle when suspended. This is
calculated from the centers of gravity of the enclosures and the Fly-Bar.
An adjustment angle for tilting the entire array to equalize the difference in the top and bottom
dispersion angles versus the needed coverage angles.
Transport
The KF760 Series is designed for easy transportability, not only by itself, but
as part of the typical compliment of touring road cases and other equipment.
The optional KF760 Caster Pallet is exactly 45-in wide, the same width as a
standard road case, and can support up to four KF760 s. Integrated rigging
hardware locks the enclosures together and to the Caster Pallet, leaving the
topmost enclosure surface flat to accept decking for a second level of
equipment.
The KF761 pallet supports a single KF761.
WARNING: In no case should more than four enclosures be
placed on a KF760 Series Caster Pallet. Doing so can create an
unstable stack that could fall over causing property damage,
physical injury, or death.
Truck Packing
The KF760 Series was carefully dimensioned to easily fit several ways in conventional commercial trucks.
The enclosures are normally loaded two wide in the truck, riding up to four high on KF760 Series Caster
Pallets. However, because of the 31-in depth, they can also be turned 90 and loaded three wide in most
trucks. Typical truck dimensions are given in the following table.
TRUCK
Standard North American drop-frame semi-trailers
Standard European drop-frame lorry trailers
Sea containers standard High Cube
Smaller trucks such as 24 ft Ryder-type rental boxes
Maxi-size European drop-frame lorry trailers
Standard North American flat-floor semi-trailers
INTERNAL WIDTH
91"
91
92.5"
95"
98"
99.5"
PACKING
2 pallets wide
2 pallets wide
2 pallets wide
2 or 3 pallets wide
2 or 3 pallets wide
2 or 3 pallets wide
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90"
71"
37"
32"
112"
TRUCK PACKING FOR 12 KF760 AND 6 KF761
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