Makalah Grammar Passive sentences

Posted on November 8, 2013 by ardipbi11

Standard
1. Passive sentences
Passive sentences or passive voice is when the subject of the sentence has an action done to it by
someone or something else.
Example :

The dog was being washed by the girl.

The are met by him everyday

Characteristic of passive sentences are :

Use verb III

To be

Form of the passive : be + past participle

2. Active sentences VS Passive sentences
Active sentences is when the subject of the sentence performs the action in the sentence.
Passive sentences is when the subject of the sentence has an action done to it by someone or
something else.

Differences :

1. The object of the active verb is the subject of the passive verb. Therefore, verbs which
cannot be followed by objects (intransitive verbs) cannot be used in passive voice.
These are some common intransitive verbs: appear, arrive, come, cry, die, go, happen, occur,
rain, sleep, stay, walk. These verbs cannot be used in passive voice.
1. The passive verb always contains a form of the auxiliary verb be. The form of be in the
passive verb phrase corresponds to the form of the main verb in the active verb phrase
(see the underlined words in the example sentences below). That is, if the active main
verb is simple present tense, then a simple present tense form of be is used in the passive
verb phrase; if the active main verb is -ING, then the -ING form of be is used in the
passive verb phrase; and so on.

2. The main verb in a passive predicate verb phrase is always the participle form of the
verb.
1. Some examples of active and passive sentences:
ACTIVE: They speak English.
PASSIVE: English is spoken.
ACTIVE: They spoke English.
PASSIVE: English was spoken.

Simple present
Present continous
Present Perfect
Simple Past
Past Progressive
Past Perfect
Simple Future
Be going to
Future Perfect*

Active
Mary helps John
Mary is helping john
Mary has helped John
Mary helped John
Mary was helping John
Mary had helped John
Mary will help John
Mary is going to help John
Mary will have helped John

Passive
John is helped by Mary
John is being helped by Mary
John has helped by Mary
John was helped by Mary
John wasw being helped by Mary
John had been helped by Mary
John will be helped by Mary
John is going to helped by Mary
John will have been helped by
Mary

*The progressive forms of the present perfect, past perfect, Future, and future, Perfect are very
rarely used in the passive.
3. Tense Forms Of Passive Verb
Notice that all the passive verbs are formed with BE + PAST PARTICIPLE.
TENSE

ACTIVE

Simple Present The news surprises me.

Simple Past

PASSIVE
I

am surprised by the news.

The news surprises Sam.

Sam

is surprised by the news.

The news surprises us.

We

are surprised by the news.

The news surprised me.

was surprised by the news.

The news surprised us.

We

were surprised by the news

Present Perfect Bob has mailed the letter.

The letter has been mailed by Bob

Future

Bob has mailed the letters.

The letters have been mailed by Bob.

Bob will mail the letter.

The letter will be mailed by Bob.

Bob is going to mail the letter. The letter is going to be mailed by Bob.

Auxiliary
Tense

Past
Participle

Subject
Singular

Plural

Present

The car/cars

is

are

designed.

Present perfect

The car/cars

has been

have been

designed.

Past

The car/cars

was

were

designed.

Past perfect

The car/cars

had been

had been

designed.

Future

The car/cars

will be

will be

designed.

Future perfect

The car/cars

will have been

will have been

designed.

Present progressive

The car/cars

is being

are being

designed.

Past progressive

The car/cars

was being

were being

designed.

4. Participal Adjective
The participial adjectives are a major subclass of adjectives.They can be distinguished by their
endings, either ed or ing. Some exceptions to the rules include misunderstood and unknown,
which also function like these special adjectives even though they do not end in ed. They are

called participial adjectives because they have the same endings as verb participles. Sometime
participial adjectives look like verbs, but theyre not verbs. Adjective describes about noun. In
English there are two places they can go, before noun and after the verb be.
Example :

The problem confuses the students.

It is a confusing problem.

The students are confused by the problem.

They are confused students.

The story amuses the children

It is an amusing story.

This is confusing grammar

That was a boring movie

This grammar is confusing

That movie was boring

References

Azar, Betty schrampfer. Understanding and Using English Grammar.America:Prentice Hall

Regents,1989.
Azar, Betty schrampfer. Fundamentals Of English Grammar.America:Prentice Hall
Regents,1992.
http://www.primaryresources.co.uk
http://F:/what-is-a-participial-adjective.html