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DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
RENEWABLE ENERGY MANAGEMENT BUREAU
MANUAL
for
User Training
of
Solar PV System
June 2009
This manual was developed by the Department of Energy (DOE) through the
technical assistance under the Project on Sustainability Improvement of
Renewable Energy Development for Village Electrification in the Philippines
which was provided by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1
OBJECTIVE I
TARGETS I
TRAINING METHOD I
TRAINING MATERIALS I
TRAINING COMPONENTS II
LIST OF ANNEXES
ANNEX 1
ANNEX 2
ii
1 OBJECTIVE
The objective of this manual is to guide the trainers who instruct PV system
users under the Barangay Electrification Project (BEP) of the DOE. The training
of PV custom users is one of the requirements for the sustainable operation of
PV systems. Moreover, the trainers must acquire accurate knowledge for
effective training of PV System users. Therefore, we edited this manual based on
the experiences gained from many PV projects.
2 TARGETS
Targets of user training are Barangay Power Association (BAPA) technicians
and individual users.
3 TRAINING METHOD
Even if users were trained, they usually forget what they have learned or have
misunderstandings about what they were taught. Therefore, the user training
should be held periodically not only during system installation, but also after
installation. Likewise, hands-on training is necessary for practical and effective
training. It is better to have interaction with the participants during training
rather than just giving lecture. All users must be provided with a users manual.
4 TRAINING MATERIALS
The training materials are listed below.
Training material
BAPA technician
Training text
R (for technician)
Handout
R (for technician)
Volt-mater
R
Current-meter
R
Hydrometer
R
Distilled water
R
Pencil
R
R: Recommended, A: According to need
Individual user
R(for user)
R(for user)
R
R
R
R
A
Separate training materials should be prepared for BAPA technician and user.
Also the training text should be made in accordance with type of PV system
such as Solar Home System (SHS) and Battery Charging System (BCS). A
technician manual, a user manual and a user guide can be used in the training
as handout. These materials should be simple by using pictures, photos, and
quizzes. In addition, to translate to local dialect is helpful for understanding of
users.
DOE and JICA developed the technician and user manuals for both SHS and
BCS in 2008. Both manuals are provided in ANNEX 1 and ANNEX 2.
5 TRAINING COMPONENTS
Training components should cover 5 basic areas (1.Outline of PV system, 2.Role
of main components, 3.Operation & management, 4.Periodic check &
maintenance, 5.Troubleshooting). Points covered in the training are listed below.
Component
Training Points
a) PV module converts solar energy into Electricity (DC)
ANNEX 1
User Manual
for
Battery Charging System (BCS)
What
is solar PV system?
Components of BCS
Role of main component
How to use user system
Maintenance
Troubleshooting
Importance
Charging
Battery
Irradiance (kW/m2)
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
Sunny / Cloudy
Cloudy
Solar Energy
PV Module
Electricity (DC)
Input
Conversion
Output
Which is correct?
1.0
Sunny
Rain
Continue
next day
Components of BCS
Components of BCS
User System
2.Charge Controller(C/C)
4.Junction Box
5.Cable
1.LVD
6.Lamp
11W *2pcs
3.Cable
3.Battery lug
7.Switch
(SW)
belong to BAPA
5.Support
Structure
4.Clip
2.Battery
12V - 40Ah
Charge Controller
Charge Controller
LVD
1. Overcharge Protection
1. Over-discharge Protection
LVD
Short
circuit
2. Reverse Polarity
Protection
LVD
3. Over Load
Protection
Charging of battery
Connection of battery
1.Confirmation of SW position
SW of lamps should be turned off
2.Connection of battery
Battery should be connected at correct
BCS
User System
Take care of
polarity & tightness
10
Disconnection of battery
LED
BATTERY CAPACITY
1.Confirmation of SW position
SW of lamps should be turned off
FULL
HALF-FULL
Green
Yellow
2.Disconnection of battery
RESET button
)
11
Red
Operation of LED
LED
EMPTY
12
Using
6W
3.5 hr
3.5 hr
7.0 hr
3.0 hr
3.0 hr
1.5 hr
6.0 hr
1.5 hr
Over load
Using
6W
2.5 hr
2.5 hr
5.0 hr
2.0 hr
2.0 hr
1.5 hr
4.0 hr
1.5 hr
13
14
Prohibited matter
Objects
Battery
Remove or reconnection
of cable
6V
LVD
15
Maintenance
-Contact Technician
-Loose connection
-Retightening
-Rust of terminals
-Contact Technician
-Damage
-Contact Technician
-Loose connection
-Contact Technician
-Damage, malfunction
-Contact Technician
Cables
-Damage
-Repair or Replacement
Battery lug
-Rust
Lamp
Direct connection
Check Points
-Electrolyte level
-Damage
-Repair or replacement
-Damage
-Repair or Replacement
16
Which is acceptable?
Keep electrolyte within the proper level (open the cap to check)
17
User system
Troubleshooting (1)
Abnormal
noise
Damage &
Deformation
Battery Load
Heat
+ - + -
Loose
connection
Battery
Possible Reason
Check point
Solution
Specification of appliance
Loose connection
Connector, terminal
Retightening
<Switch>
*Damage
*Malfunction
Battery is weakening
Performance of battery
Contact technician
Malfunction of LVD
Operation of LVD
Contact technician
<Junction box>
*Damage
<Cable>
*Damage
*Disconnection
*Short circuit
*Loose connection
Possible ReasonContact
<Lamp>
*Damage
Damage &
Deformation
18
Liquid spill
Check point
Solution
Loose connection
Retightening
Misconnection of cable
Connection of cable
Reconnection
Damage of cable
Condition of cable
Contact technician
Malfunction of LVD
Operation of LVD
Contact technician
20
Troubleshooting (2)
Importance
Check point
Solution
Failure of appliance
Condition of appliance
Repair/Replacement
Loose connection
Retightening
Contact technician
Damage of cable, SW
Condition of cable, SW
Contact technician
Malfunction of LVD
Operation of LVD
Contact technician
Battery is weakening
Performance of battery
Contact technician
Check point
Solution
Ambient condition
Change in place
Over charge
Contact technician
Leakage of electrolyte
Contact technician
Battery is weakening
Performance of battery
Contact technician
21
22
23
24
Last
ANNEX 2
User Manual
for
Solar Home System (SHS)
What
is solar PV system?
Components of SHS
Role of main component
How to use user system
Maintenance
Troubleshooting
Importance
Irradiance (kW/m2)
Solar Energy
PV Module
Electricity
Input
Conversion
Output
Which is correct?
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
Cloudy
DC
1.0
Sunny / Cloudy
Power generation
changes daily
Sunny
Rain
Continue
next day
SHS Components
SHS Components
SHS is Small, independent DC system
Most efficient and economical system
DC Compact Fluorescent Lights are easily available in local
market
PV Panel
1. PV Module
(Power Generation)
DC
2. Charge
Controller
(Battery Protection)
Most Important
Key Device
in PV system
DC
4. DC Appliances
DC System
Controller
(10A)
DC
3. Battery
Switch
Battery
(Storage of Electricity)
40Ah
5
SHS Components
1. Solar PV Panel
5.Cable
Charge Controller
Charge Controller
6.Lamp
11W *2pcs
2. Charge
Controller
belong to BAPA
7.Switch
(SW)
3. Battery
User has responsibility for taking care of user system.
Solar PV Panel, Battery and Charge Controller belong to BAPA. BAPA has
responsibility for managing them.
1. Overcharge Protection
7
Using
C/C
Short
circuit
C/C
6W
3.5 hr
3.5 hr
7.0 hr
3.0 hr
3.0 hr
1.5 hr
6.0 hr
1.5 hr
2. Reverse Polarity
Protection
3. Over Load
Protection
10
What is wrong?
Prohibited matter
Remove or reconnection
of cable
Over load
6V
Direct connection
11
12
Objects
PV Panel
Check Points
Maintenance
-Dirt or Obstacles on
the surface
-Shadow during
daytime
-Damage
-Contact Technician
-Direction
-Contact Technician
-Tilt angle
-Contact Technician
Battery
Maintenance
-Electrolyte level
-Contact Technician
-Loose connection
-Retightening
-Rust of terminals
-Contact Technician
-Damage
-Contact Technician
Charge
Controller
-Loose connection
-Contact Technician
-Damage, malfunction
-Contact Technician
Cables
-Damage
-Repair or Replacement
Battery lug
-Rust
-Damage
-Repair or replacement
-Damage
-Repair or Replacement
Lamp
13
Check Points
14
Which is acceptable?
Keep electrolyte within the proper level (open the cap to check)
15
16
Troubles
Troubleshooting (1)
C/C
Abnormal
noise
Damage &
Deformation
*Dust
*Shadow
*Crack
*Change of Orientation
& Tilt Angle
Heat
Battery Load
+ - + -
Loose
connection
Battery
Indoor wiring
Possible Reason
<Cable>
*Damage
*Disconnection
*Short circuit
*Loose connection
Solution
Weather condition/Overuse
User retraining
Overuse of load
User retraining
Connector, terminal
Retightening /Cleaning
<Switch>
*Damage
*Malfunction
Dirt on PV module
Surface of PV module
Cleaning
Shadow on PV module
Surrounding condition
<Junction box>
*Damage
Damage of cable
Condition of cable
Repair /Replacement
Damage of PV module
Condition of PV module
Malfunction of C/C
Operation of C/C
Battery is weakening
Performance of battery
If bad, replace it
<Lamp>
*Damage
Damage &
Deformation
Check point
Liquid spill
Troubleshooting (2)
Troubleshooting (3)
Check point
Terminal
Reconnection /Retightening
Malfunction of C/C
Operation of C/C
Damage of PV module
Damage of cable
Direct connection between
battery and additional load
Effect of noise
Terminal voltage
De-noising/Grounding
Battery is weakening
Performance of battery
If bad, replace it
Replacement of Battery
or C/C
Loose connection
18
Possible Reason
Check point
Solution
Specification of appliances
Rectify setting
Loose connection
Connector, terminal
Retightening
Condition of PV module
If bad, Replace it
Shade on PV module
Surrounding condition
Condition of cable
Repair /Replacement
Damage of PV module
Condition of PV module
Rust of connector
Condition of connector
Battery is weakening
Performance of battery
If bad, Replace it
Malfunction of C/C
Operation of C/C
If bad, Replace it
19
20
Troubleshooting (4)
Importance
Check point
Solution
Failure of appliance
Condition of appliance
Repair/Replacement
Loose connection
Connector, terminal
Retightening
Damage of cable, SW
Condition of cable, SW
Repair/Replacement
Malfunction of C/C
Operation of C/C
Check point
Solution
Overcharge
Ambient condition
Change in place
Leakage of electrolyte
If bad, Replace it
Battery is weakening
Performance of battery
If bad, Replace it
21
22
23
24
Last
Department of Energy
Energy Complex
Merritt Road, Fort Bonifacio,
Taguig City, Metro Manila
TEL: 479-2900
FAX: 840-1817
Department of Energy
Energy Complex
Merritt Road, Fort Bonifacio,
Taguig City, Metro Manila
TEL: 479-2900
FAX: 840-1817