SCHEMA REFRESH IN ORACLE USING EXP/IMP

SCHEMA REFRESH

SCHEMA REFRESH is a regular job for DBAs. So I decide to prepare an informative document for
schema refresh. We can achieve schema refresh in two ways, they are

1) Refresh the database schema with Production database.

2) Refresh the database schema from Production database to some other databases like DEV/TEST/...

REFRESH SCHEMA STEPS ON SAME DATABASE

Find the roles & privileges that are assigned to the schema.
Capture source database schema objects count.
Export database schema using EXP/EXPDP utility.
Drop the schema in the production database except DBLINK.
Recreate the schema with default tablespace and allocate quota.
Make required roles & privileges for the schema.
Connect to SHAM and ensure default tablespace, roles and privileges.
Import the dump file using IMP/IMPDP into the target database.
Recompile invalid objects.
Gather schema statistics after the refresh.

PRE - REQ FOR SCHEMA REFRESH

Refreshing sham schema on crms database. Source and destination database is same. Lets start.

SYS> select username, account_status, default_tablespace, temporary_tablespace

FROM dba_users WHERE username=upper('&username');

Enter value for username: SHAM

old 2: where username=upper('&username')
new 2: where username=upper('SHAM')

USERNAME ACCOUNT_STATUS DEFAULT_TABLESPACE TEMPORARY_TABLESPACE

--------- ----------------- -------------------- ---------------------
SHAM OPEN TBS1 TEMP

SYS> select owner, sum(bytes)/1024/1024/1024 "SIZE in GB"

FROM dba_segments WHERE owner=upper('&owner') GROUP BY owner;

Enter value for owner: sham

old 2: where owner=upper('&owner') group by owner
new 2: where owner=upper('sham') group by owner

OWNER SIZE in GB
------- ----------
SHAM 40.35

SYS> select distinct tablespace_name from dba_segments WHERE owner in ('SHAM');

TABLESPACE_NAME
----------------
TBS1 TBS2 TBS3 USERS

Exploring the Oracle DBA Technology by Gunasekaran ,Thiyagu

 SCHEMA REFRESH IN ORACLE USING EXP/IMP

FIND THE TABLESPACES AND SIZE OF THAT SCHEMA

SYS> select tablespace_name, sum(bytes/1024/1024/1024) "Size in GB"

from dba_segments where owner='SHAM' group by tablespace_name;

TABLESPACE_NAME Size in GB
------------------------------ ----------
TBS1 9.062
TBS2 6.048
TBS3 8. 82
USERS 16. 42

CHECK TABLESPACE QUOTAS FOR THAT SCHEMA

SYS> select * from dba_ts_quotas where username='SHAM';

..
...
[Trimmed]

Quota is the amount of space allocated to a user in a tablespace. In dba_ts_quotas view, MAXBYTES
column value of -1 indicates UNLIMITED, means that user can use as much space in that tablespace.

SPOOL THE OUTPUT OF ROLES & PRIVILEGES ASSIGNED TO THE USER

SYS> select * from dba_role_privs where grantee in('SHAM');

GRANTEE GRANTED_ROLE ADM DEF

------------------------------ ------------------------------ --- ---
SHAM RESOURCE NO YES
SHAM CONNECT NO YES

SYS> select * from dba_sys_privs where grantee in('SHAM');

GRANTEE PRIVILEGE ADM

------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- ---
SHAM CREATE SEQUENCE NO
SHAM CREATE ANY SEQUENCE NO
SHAM CREATE VIEW NO
SHAM CREATE DATABASE LINK NO
SHAM CREATE SYNONYM NO
SHAM CREATE PROCEDURE NO
SHAM CREATE TRIGGER NO
SHAM CREATE ANY TABLE NO
SHAM UNLIMITED TABLESPACE NO

9 rows selected.

SHAM> spool roles_privs.sql;

SHAM> select 'Grant ' || role ||' to SHAM' "ROLES_PRIVILIGES" from session_roles;
SHAM> select 'Grant ' || privilege ||' to SHAM' "ROLES_PRIVILIGES" from session_privs;
SHAM> spool off;

Exploring the Oracle DBA Technology by Gunasekaran ,Thiyagu

 SCHEMA REFRESH IN ORACLE USING EXP/IMP

CHECK DATABASE LINKS FOR THAT SCHEMA

SYS> select owner, db_link, username from dba_db_links

WHERE owner='SHAM';

OWNER DB_LINK USERNAME

------ ---------- --------
SHAM TESTLINK ROSE

CHECK ALL OBJECTS IN THAT SCHEMA

SYS> select owner, object_type, count(*) FROM dba_objects

WHERE owner=upper('&owner')
AND object_name not like 'BIN$%'
GROUP BY object_type, owner
ORDER BY object_type;
Enter value for owner: sham

OWNER OBJECT_TYPE COUNT(*)

------------------------------ ------------------- ----------
SHAM FUNCTION 1
SHAM INDEX 10
SHAM PACKAGE 1
SHAM PACKAGE BODY 1
SHAM PROCEDURE 1
SHAM SEQUENCE 2
SHAM SYNONYM 1
SHAM TABLE 12
SHAM TABLE PARTITION 3
SHAM TRIGGER 2
SHAM VIEW 1
SHAM DATABASE LINK 1

12 rows selected.

FIND TOTAL OBJECTS IN THAT SCHEMA

SHAM> select object_name, object_type, subobject_name, status FROM user_objects;

OBJECT_NAME OBJECT_TYPE SUBOBJECT_NAME STATUS

---------------------------- ---------------- --------------- -------
GRADE TABLE VALID
PROJECT TABLE VALID
TRANSPORT TABLE VALID
EMP_PROJ_INFO TABLE VALID
EMP_PERS_INFO TABLE VALID
EMP_INFO TABLE VALID
PAYROLL TABLE VALID
EMP TABLE VALID
DEPT TABLE VALID
SEQ_EMP_INFO1 SEQUENCE VALID

Exploring the Oracle DBA Technology by Gunasekaran ,Thiyagu

 SCHEMA REFRESH IN ORACLE USING EXP/IMP

SEQ_EMP_INFO SEQUENCE VALID

TRI_EMP TRIGGER VALID
EMP_AUDIT TABLE VALID
LOGTAB TABLE VALID
USRLOG TRIGGER VALID
VEMP_INFO VIEW VALID
CONT_EMP TABLE VALID
CONT_EMP TABLE PARTITION P1 VALID
CONT_EMP TABLE PARTITION P2 VALID
CONT_EMP TABLE PARTITION P3 VALID
MULT_TAB FUNCTION VALID
PKGSAL PACKAGE BODY VALID
PROC1 PROCEDURE VALID
PAYROLL_INFO SYNONYM VALID
PAYROLL_SAL_IN4 INDEX VALID
EMP_DPID_IN1 INDEX VALID
EMP_PRJ_INFO_PRJID_IN3 INDEX VALID
EMP_PRJ_INFO_DPID_IN2 INDEX VALID
PKGSAL PACKAGE VALID
PAYROLL_ACCNO_C11_UQ INDEX VALID
EMP_PRJ_INFO_MAILID_C9_UQ INDEX VALID
PROJ_PRJID_C4_PK INDEX VALID
DEPT_DEPTID_C3_PK INDEX VALID
EMP_EMPID_C1_PK INDEX VALID
GRD_EMPGRD_C12_PK INDEX VALID
TESTLINK DATABASE LINK VALID

36 rows selected.

SHAM> select constraint_name , constraint_type , table_name , r_constraint_name, r_owner

FROM all_constraints WHERE owner='SHAM';

CONSTRAINT_NAME CONST TABLE_NAME R_CONSTRAINT_NAME R_OWNER

------------------------------ ----- -------------------- -------------------- --------
PAYROLL_EMPID_C7_FK R PAYROLL EMP_EMPID_C1_PK SHAM
EMP_PRJ_INFO_EMPID_C5_FK R EMP_PROJ_INFO EMP_EMPID_C1_PK SHAM
EMP_PERS_INFO_EID_C6_FK R EMP_PERS_INFO EMP_EMPID_C1_PK SHAM
TRNSPRT_PRJID_C10_FK R TRANSPORT EMP_EMPID_C1_PK SHAM
EMP_ELEVEL_C13_FK R EMP GRD_EMPGRD_C12_PK SHAM
GRD_EMPGRD_C12_PK P GRADE
PROJ_PRJID_C4_PK P PROJECT
PAYROLL_ACCNO_C11_UQ U PAYROLL
EMP_PRJ_INFO_MAILID_C9_UQ U EMP_PROJ_INFO
EMP_EMPID_C1_PK P EMP
DEPT_DEPTID_C3_PK P DEPT
EMP_DEPTID_C2_NTNL C EMP
EMP_PRJ_INFO_DEPTID_C8_NL C EMP_PROJ_INFO
GRD_DESC_C14_NL C GRADE

14 rows selected.

Exploring the Oracle DBA Technology by Gunasekaran ,Thiyagu

 SCHEMA REFRESH IN ORACLE USING EXP/IMP

FIND INDEXES AND ITS ASSOCIATED TABLESPACES

SHAM> select table_name, index_name, tablespace_name from user_indexes;

TABLE_NAME INDEX_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
PROJECT PROJ_PRJID_C4_PK TBS1
PAYROLL PAYROLL_ACCNO_C11_UQ TBS1
PAYROLL PAYROLL_SAL_IN4 USERS
EMP_PROJ_INFO EMP_PRJ_INFO_MAILID_C9_UQ TBS1
EMP_PROJ_INFO EMP_PRJ_INFO_DPID_IN2 USERS
EMP_PROJ_INFO EMP_PRJ_INFO_PRJID_IN3 USERS
EMP EMP_EMPID_C1_PK TBS1
EMP EMP_DPID_IN1 USERS
DEPT DEPT_DEPTID_C3_PK TBS1
GRADE GRD_EMPGRD_C12_PK TBS1

10 rows selected.

FIND THE ENCRYPTED PASSWORD FOR THE SCHEMA

SYS> select password from sys.user$ where name='SHAM';

PASSWORD
-----------------
8657483259C22FDE

EXPORT THE SCHEMA

Export the schema from the crms database with the name of the file as refresh_sham.dmp

$ export ORACLE_SID=crms
$ exp system/manager file=refresh_sham.dmp log=schema_refresh_sham.log owner=sham direct=y
statistics=none
..
...
[Trimmed]
Export terminated successfully without warnings.

STEPS TO DROP AND RECREATE THE SCHEMA

Drop the sham schema from the crms database.

Recreate the user with default tablespace and quotas on different tablespaces.
Assign temporary tablespace to that user.
Execute the spooled script (roles_privs.sql) which contains roles and privileges to the user.

EX : SYS>@roles_privs.sql;

Script grants the roles and privileges to the user obtained before dropping it.
Connect to the user and verify allocated tablespaces, roles and privileges.

** Before drop all the objects in that Schema, connect the schema and Spool the output.

Exploring the Oracle DBA Technology by Gunasekaran ,Thiyagu

 SCHEMA REFRESH IN ORACLE USING EXP/IMP

POINTS TO NOTE

Suppose if you want to remove tables manually first you have to delete child tables otherwise
oracle wont allow directly to drop parents table. Lets see.

SHAM> drop table emp;

drop table emp
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02449: unique/primary keys in table referenced by foreign keys

While dropping tables manually we can see ORA-02449 error. Use the below query to find reference
key constraints and drop the tables first.

SHAM> Select constraint_name, constraint_type, table_name

FROM all_constraints WHERE constraint_type='R'
AND r_constraint_name in (select constraint_name from all_constraints where table_name='EMP');

CONSTRAINT_NAME C TABLE_NAME
------------------------------ - ------------------------------
EMP_PRJ_INFO_EMPID_C5_FK R EMP_PROJ_INFO
PAYROLL_EMPID_C7_FK R PAYROLL
TRNSPRT_PRJID_C10_FK R TRANSPORT
EMP_PERS_INFO_EID_C6_FK R EMP_PERS_INFO

SCRIPT TO FIND & DROP OBJECTS FROM THAT SCHEMA

SHAM> spool drop_tables.sql;

SHAM> select 'drop table '||table_name||' cascade constraints purge; 'from user_tables;
SHAM> spool off;

SHAM> spool drop_other_objects.sql;

SHAM> select 'drop '||object_type||' '||object_name||';' from user_objects;
SHAM> spool off;
SHAM> DISC

DROP THE SCHEMA

SYS> drop user sham cascade; # note SCN 4607636

User dropped.

RECREATE THE USER WITH DEFAULT TABLESPACE , TEMPORARY TABLESPACE & QUOTAS

SYS> create user sham identified by values '8657483259C22FDE'

default tablespace tbs1 temporary tablespace temp
quota unlimited on tbs1
quota unlimited on tbs2
quota unlimited on tbs3
quota unlimited on users;

User created.
** Sham user has default profile. If you have specific profile name for the user add it.

Exploring the Oracle DBA Technology by Gunasekaran ,Thiyagu

 SCHEMA REFRESH IN ORACLE USING EXP/IMP

RUN SPOOLED SCRIPT TO GRANT ROLES & PRIVILEGES

SYS>@roles_privs.sql;

roles_privs.sql

IMPORT DATA INTO CRMS DATABASE

$ export ORACLE_SID=crms
$ imp system/manager file=refresh_sham.dmp log=refresh_sham_imp.log fromuser=sham touser=sham

Import: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri May 28 22:48:48 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Export file created by EXPORT:V11.02.00 via direct path

import done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

import server uses WE8MSWIN1252 character set (possible charset conversion)

. importing SHAM's objects into SHAM

. importing partition "CONT_EMP":"P1" 42202 rows imported

. . importing partition "CONT_EMP":"P2" 44020 rows imported

. . importing partition "CONT_EMP":"P3" 42015 rows imported

. . importing table "DEPT" 12 rows imported

. . importing table "EMP" 168022 rows imported

. . importing table "EMP_AUDIT" 24 rows imported

. . importing table "EMP_INFO" 168022 rows imported

. . importing table "EMP_PERS_INFO" 168022 rows imported

. . importing table "EMP_PROJ_INFO" 168022 rows imported

. . importing table "GRADE" 12 rows imported

. . importing table "LOGTAB" 2666 rows imported

. . importing table "PAYROLL" 168022 rows imported

. . importing table "PROJECT" 22 rows imported

. . importing table "TRANSPORT" 148213 rows imported

About to enable constraints...

Import terminated successfully without warnings.

BASIC CHECKS AFTER IMPORT THE SCHEMA

SYS> select owner, object_type, count(object_type) from dba_objects

WHERE owner ='SHAM' GROUP BY owner, object_type;

** Schema object count should be same before export and after import.

Exploring the Oracle DBA Technology by Gunasekaran ,Thiyagu

 SCHEMA REFRESH IN ORACLE USING EXP/IMP

SYS> select username, password, default_tablespace, temporary_tablespace,

profile from dba_users WHERE username ='SHAM';

SYS> select owner,sum(bytes)/1024/1024/1024 "SIZE in GB" from dba_segments

WHERE owner=upper('&owner') GROUP BY owner;

SYS> select * from dba_role_privs where grantee in('SHAM');

SYS> select * from dba_sys_privs where grantee in('SHAM');
SYS> select * from dba_ts_quotas where username='SHAM';

FIND THE INVALID OBJECTS FOR THE SCHEMA

SYS> select owner, object_name, object_type, status from dba_objects

WHERE status <>'VALID' AND OWNER='SHAM';

If you find any invalid objects execute following script.

SYS> @?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql;

Check the privileges, tablespace quotas, and dblinks for that the schema. This is essential.

ARE ALL GRANTS IMPORTED ?

NO. If the schema received grant privilege from others does NOT get export when you export the
schema. So, it does NOT get import when you import the schema.

1) Grants given by a user are exported with the user.

SHAM> grant select on sham.emp to scott;

SHAM> grant update on sham.emp to scott;

2) Grants received by a user are NOT exported with the user.

SCOTT> grant select on scott.salgrade to sham;

SCOTT> grant update on scott.salgrade to sham;

GATHER NEW STATISTICS FOR THE SCHEMA

SYS> exec dbms_stats.gather_schema_stats(ownname =>'SHAM', method_opt=>'FOR ALL INDEXES FOR ALL

INDEXED COLUMNS SIZE 1',estimate_percent => 15,granularity=>'ALL',cascade=>TRUE);

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

Exploring the Oracle DBA Technology by Gunasekaran ,Thiyagu