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UNIVERSITY OF SWAZILAND
FINAL EXAMINATION 2011/12
BSC IV
TITLE OF PAPER
FLUID DYNAMICS
COURSE NUMBER
M455
TIME ALLOWED
INSTRUCTIONS
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
NONE
USEFUL FORMULAE
The gradient of a function (r, 0, z) in cylindrical coordinates is
and
in spherical coordinates
D 8
8
V(J 8
8
Dt 8t
8r
r 80
8z
2
2
2
18(8)
18
8
\7 =-r- + +
2
r 8r
8r
r 2 80
8z 2
- =-+vr-+--+vz -
Identities
( V2)
-
v \7v
=\7 -2
-
v xw
\7 x (\7 x g) =\7\7 . f! - \7 2g
QUESTION 1
[4]
(i) trajectory,
(iii) acceleration.
(li) velocity,
[2,2,2J
= ax2i+bxyj,
where a
= 2/(m.s),
(iii) Develop an equation for the streamline passing through this point.
[1,1,3J
[5]
QUESTION 2
(a) Which of the following sets of equations represent possible two-dimensional incompressible Bow
cases? Explain.
(i) u
+ y,
11
(iii) u = xt + 2y,
=X -
y;
v = x2
[3]
_ yt2.
(b) The stream function for a certain incompressible Bow is given as 1/J = Axy, A is a constant.
[2,3]
..) Sh
1 81/J
81/J
(11
owvr=;ao'
ve=-ar'
(d) The stream function for a certain incompressible flow is given as 1/J(r, 0)
[3,2]
[3,2,2]
QUESTION 3
(a) Consider a piston-cylinder apparatus. At one instant when the piston is Lo = O.15m away from
the closed end of the cylinder, the gas density is uniform at p = 18kg/m3 and the piston begins to
move away from the closed end at V = 12m/s. The gas motion is one-dimensional and proportional
to the distance from the closed end; it varies linearly from zero at the end to u
V at the piston.
[5,6]
(i) Show that V satisfies the continuity equation for incopressible flow, except at the origin O.
(n) Let 0 be lye on a smooth surface 8. What is the volume flow rate through 81
[4,5]
QUESTION 4
[3]
for
r >a
[12]
(n) irrational.
[2,3]
QUESTION 5
a) A cylindrical container, partly filled with liquid, is rotated at a constant angular velocity w about
the vertical axis. After a short time there is no relative motion, the liquid rotates as a rigid body.
Using the Euler equation determine the shape of the free surface if the radius of cylinder is R and
the original surface height in the absence of rotation is
ho.
[12]
b) The velocity distribution for laminar Bow between fixed parallel plates is given by
where h is the distance separating the plates and the origin is placed midway between the plates.
Consider fJ. = 1.1 + 1O- 3 kg/ms, Umaz
O.3m/s,
O.5mm. Calculate
(i) the shear stress on the upper plate and give direction,
(li) the force on a O.5m2 section of the upper plate and give its direction.
(c) Write Navier-Stokes equation for incompressible Bow.
[4,2]
[2]
QUESTION 6
= (Ax + By)z
AYJ, where A =
15- 2 ,
b) The plane y
= 0 oscilates so that its velocity is in the plane y = 0 and has magnitude V cos wt,
where V and w are constants. Above the plane there is viscous incompressible Buid. Body forces
are negligible.
au
at
{)2U
=1{)y2l
u(y,t)
f*y) }
[5,5]
QUESTION 7
a) Derive the mass conservation equation for incompressible Bow in dimensionless form.
[4]
[2,2]
c) Water Bows steadily up a vertieal O.lm diameter pipe and out the nozzle, which is O.05m in
diameter, discharging to atmospheric pressure. The stream velocity at the nozzle exit must be
20m/s. The Bow is frictionless. The pipe is 4m long.
[2,3,7]