2015 Who Model List of Essential Medicines

Annex1
19thWHOModelListofEssentialMedicines(April2015)
Explanatorynotes
Thecorelistpresentsalistofminimummedicineneedsforabasichealthcaresystem,listingthemost
efficacious,safeandcosteffectivemedicinesforpriorityconditions.Priorityconditionsareselectedonthe
basisofcurrentandestimatedfuturepublichealthrelevance,andpotentialforsafeandcosteffective
treatment.
Thecomplementarylistpresentsessentialmedicinesforprioritydiseases,forwhichspecializeddiagnostic
ormonitoringfacilities,and/orspecialistmedicalcare,and/orspecialisttrainingareneeded.Incaseofdoubt
medicinesmayalsobelistedascomplementaryonthebasisofconsistenthighercostsorlessattractivecost
effectivenessinavarietyofsettings.
Thesquareboxsymbol()isprimarilyintendedtoindicatesimilarclinicalperformancewithina
pharmacologicalclass.Thelistedmedicineshouldbetheexampleoftheclassforwhichthereisthebest
evidenceforeffectivenessandsafety.Insomecases,thismaybethefirstmedicinethatislicensedfor
marketing;inotherinstances,subsequentlylicensedcompoundsmaybesaferormoreeffective.Wherethere
isnodifferenceintermsofefficacyandsafetydata,thelistedmedicineshouldbetheonethatisgenerally
availableatthelowestprice,basedoninternationaldrugpriceinformationsources.Notallsquareboxesare
applicabletomedicineselectionforchildrenseethesecondEMLcfordetails.
Therapeuticequivalenceisindicatedonlyonthebasisofreviewsofefficacyandsafetyandwhenconsistent
withWHOclinicalguidelines.Nationallistsshouldnotuseasimilarsymbolandshouldbespecificintheir
finalselection,whichwoulddependonlocalavailabilityandprice.
Theasymbolindicatesthatthereisanageorweightrestrictiononuseofthemedicine;detailsforeach
medicinecanbefoundinTable1.1.
Wherethe[c]symbolisplacednexttothecomplementarylistitsignifiesthatthemedicine(s)require(s)
specialistdiagnosticormonitoringfacilities,and/orspecialistmedicalcare,and/orspecialisttrainingfor
theiruseinchildren.
Wherethe[c]symbolisplacednexttoanindividualmedicineorstrengthofmedicineitsignifiesthatthere
isaspecificindicationforrestrictingitsusetochildren.
ThepresenceofanentryontheEssentialMedicinesListcarriesnoassuranceastopharmaceuticalquality.It
istheresponsibilityoftherelevantnationalorregionaldrugregulatoryauthoritytoensurethateach
productisofappropriatepharmaceuticalquality(includingstability)andthat,whenrelevant,different
productsareinterchangeable.
ForrecommendationsandadviceconcerningallaspectsofthequalityassuranceofmedicinesseetheWHO
Medicineswebsitehttp://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_assurance.
Medicinesanddosageformsarelistedinalphabeticalorderwithineachsectionandthereisnoimplication
ofpreferenceforoneformoveranother.Standardtreatmentguidelinesshouldbeconsultedforinformation
onappropriatedosageforms.
ThemaintermsusedfordosageformsintheEssentialMedicinesListcanbefoundinTable1.2.
Definitionsofmanyofthesetermsandpharmaceuticalqualityrequirementsapplicabletothedifferent
categoriesarepublishedinthecurrenteditionofTheInternationalPharmacopoeia
http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/pharmacopoeia.
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
19thedition
1. ANAESTHETICS
1.1 General anaesthetics and oxygen
1.1.1 Inhalational medicines
halothane
Inhalation.
isoflurane
Inhalation.
nitrousoxide
Inhalation.
oxygen
Inhalation (medicinalgas).
1.1.2 Injectable medicines

ketamine
Injection:50 mg(ashydrochloride)/ mLin10mLvial.

Injection:10 mg/ mL;20 mg/ mL.
propofol*
*Thiopentalmaybeusedasanalternativedependingonlocal
availabilityandcost.
1.2 Local anaesthetics

Injection: 0.25%;0.5%(hydrochloride)invial.
bupivacaine
Injectionforspinalanaesthesia:0.5%(hydrochloride)in
4mLampouletobemixedwith7.5%glucosesolution.
Injection: 1%;2%(hydrochloride)invial.
lidocaine
Injectionforspinalanaesthesia:5%(hydrochloride)in
2mLampouletobemixedwith7.5%glucosesolution.
Topicalforms:2%to4%(hydrochloride).
Dentalcartridge: 2%(hydrochloride)+epinephrine1:80000.
lidocaine+epinephrine(adrenaline)
Injection:1%;2%(hydrochlorideorsulfate)+epinephrine
1:200000invial.
ComplementaryList
Injection:30mg(hydrochloride)/mLin1mLampoule.
ephedrine
(Foruseinspinalanaesthesiaduringdelivery,topreventhypotension).
1.3 Preoperative medication and sedation for short-term procedures
atropine
Injection: 1mg(sulfate)in1 mL ampoule.

Injection: 1mg/ mL.
midazolam
Oralliquid:2mg/mL[c].
Tablet:7.5mg;15mg.
morphine
Injection: 10mg(sulfate orhydrochloride)in1mLampoule.
19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (April 2015)
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2. MEDICINES FOR PAIN AND PALLIATIVE CARE

2.1 Non-opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIMs)
Suppository: 50mgto150mg.
acetylsalicylicacid
Tablet:100mgto500mg.
Oralliquid: 200mg/5 mL.
ibuprofena
Tablet:200mg;400mg;600mg.
a
Not in children less than 3 months.

Suppository:100mg.
paracetamol*
*Notrecommendedforantiinflammatoryusedue
tolackofprovenbenefittothateffect.
2.2 Opioid analgesics

codeine
Tablet: 30mg(phosphate).
Granules(slowrelease;tomixwithwater): 20mg
200mg(morphinesulfate).
Injection:10mg(morphinehydrochlorideor
morphinesulfate)in1mLampoule.
morphine*
Oralliquid:10mg(morphinehydrochlorideor
morphinesulfate)/5mL.
Tablet(slowrelease):10mg200mg(morphine
hydrochlorideormorphinesulfate).
Tablet(immediaterelease):10mg(morphine
sulfate).
*Alternativeslimitedtohydromorphoneand
oxycodone
2.3 Medicines for other common symptoms in palliative care

amitriptyline
cyclizine[c]
Injection:50mg/ mL.
Tablet:50mg.
Injection:4mg/ mL in1 mLampoule(asdisodium
phosphatesalt).
dexamethasone
Oralliquid:2mg/5mL.
Tablet:2mg[c];4mg.
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Injection:5mg/ mL.
diazepam
Oralliquid:2mg/5mL.
Rectalsolution:2.5mg;5mg;10mg.
Tablet:5mg;10mg.
docusatesodium
fluoxetinea
Capsule:100mg.
Oralliquid:50mg/5mL.
Solidoraldosageform: 20mg(ashydrochloride).
a
>8 years.
Injection: 5mgin1 mL ampoule.

haloperidol
Oralliquid:2mg/mL.
Solidoraldosageform:0.5mg;2mg;5mg.
hyoscinebutylbromide
Injection:20mg/mL.
hyoscinehydrobromide[c]
Injection:400micrograms/ mL;600micrograms/
mL.
Transdermalpatches:1mg/72hours.
lactulose[c]
Oralliquid:3.13.7g/5mL.
loperamide
Solidoraldosageform:2mg.
Injection:5mg (hydrochloride)/mLin2mL
ampoule.
metoclopramide
Oralliquid:5mg/5mL.
Solidoralform:10mg(hydrochloride).
Injection:1 mg/ mL;5 mg/ mL.
midazolam
Solidoraldosageform:7.5mg;15mg.
Injection:2mgbase/ mL in2mLampoule(as
hydrochloride).
ondansetron[c] a
Oralliquid:4mgbase/5mL.
Solidoraldosageform:Eq4mgbase;Eq8mgbase.
a
senna
>1 month.
Oralliquid:7.5mg/5mL.
3. ANTIALLERGICS AND MEDICINES USED IN ANAPHYLAXIS

dexamethasone
Injection:4mg/ mL in1 mLampoule(asdisodium

phosphatesalt).
epinephrine(adrenaline)
Injection: 1mg(ashydrochlorideorhydrogen
tartrate)in1mLampoule.
hydrocortisone
Powderforinjection: 100mg(assodiumsuccinate)
invial.
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19thedition
Oralliquid:1mg/ mL.
loratadine*
Tablet:10mg.
*Theremaybearoleforsedatingantihistaminesfor
limitedindications(EMLc).
prednisolone
Oralliquid: 5 mg/ mL [c].

Tablet:5mg;25mg.
4. ANTIDOTES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES USED IN POISONINGS

4.1 Non-specific
charcoal,activated
Powder.
4.2 Specific
Injection: 200mg/ mL in10mLampoule.
acetylcysteine
Oralliquid:10%[c];20%[c].
atropine
Injection: 1mg(sulfate)in1mLampoule.
calciumgluconate
methylthioniniumchloride
(methyleneblue)
Injection:10mg/mLin10mLampoule.
naloxone
Injection: 400micrograms(hydrochloride)in1 mL
ampoule.
penicillamine
Solidoraldosageform: 250mg.
potassiumferrichexacyanoferrate(II)
2H2O(Prussianblue)
Powderfororaladministration.
sodiumnitrite
Injection: 30mg/ mL in10 mLampoule.
sodiumthiosulfate
ComplementaryList
deferoxamine
Powderforinjection:500mg(mesilate)invial.
dimercaprol
Injectioninoil:50mg/mLin2mLampoule.
fomepizole
Injection:5mg/mL(sulfate)in20mLampouleor1g/
mL(base)in1.5mLampoule.
sodiumcalciumedetate
succimer
5. ANTICONVULSANTS/ANTIEPILEPTICS
carbamazepine
Tablet(chewable):100mg;200mg.
Tablet(scored):100mg;200mg.
diazepam
Gelorrectalsolution:5 mg/mLin0.5mL;2 mL; 4

mLtubes.
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lorazepam
magnesiumsulfate*
Parenteralformulation:2mg/mLin1mL
ampoule;4mg/mLin1mLampoule.
Injection: 0.5g/ mL in2 mLampoule(equivalentto
1gin2mL;50%weight/volume);0.5g/mLin
10mLampoule(equivalentto5gin10mL;50%
weight/volume).
*Foruseineclampsiaandseverepreeclampsiaand
notforotherconvulsantdisorders.
Solutionfororomucosaladministration:5mg/mL;
10mg/mL
midazolam
Ampoule*:1mg/mL;10mg/mL
*forbuccaladministrationwhensolutionfor
oromucosaladministrationisnotavailable
Injection:200mg/ mL (sodium).
phenobarbital
Tablet:15mgto100mg.
Injection: 50mg/ mL in5 mLvial(sodiumsalt).
Oralliquid:25mgto30mg/5mL.*
Solidoraldosageform:25mg;50mg;100mg
(sodiumsalt).
phenytoin
Tablet(chewable):50mg.
*Thepresenceofboth25mg/5mLand30mg/5mL
strengthsonthesamemarketwouldcauseconfusion
inprescribinganddispensingandshouldbe
avoided.
valproicacid(sodiumvalproate)
Tablet(crushable):100mg.
Tablet(entericcoated):200mg;500mg(sodium
valproate).
ComplementaryList
Capsule:250mg.
ethosuximide
Injection:100mg/mLin4mLampoule;100mg/mL
in10mLampoule.
6. ANTI-INFECTIVE MEDICINES
6.1 Anthelminthics
6.1.1 Intestinal anthelminthics
albendazole
Tablet(chewable): 400mg.
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levamisole
Tablet: 50mg;150mg(ashydrochloride).
mebendazole
Tablet(chewable): 100mg;500mg.
niclosamide
praziquantel
Tablet: 150mg;600mg.
Oralliquid: 50mg(asembonateorpamoate)/ mL.
pyrantel
Tablet(chewable):250mg(asembonateor
pamoate).
6.1.2 Antifilarials
albendazole
diethylcarbamazine
Tablet: 50mg;100mg(dihydrogencitrate).
ivermectin
Tablet(scored): 3mg.
6.1.3 Antischistosomals and other antitrematode medicines

praziquantel
Tablet: 600mg.
triclabendazole
Tablet: 250mg.
ComplementaryList
Capsule:250mg.
oxamniquine*
*Oxamniquineislistedforusewhenpraziquantel
treatmentfails.
6.2 Antibacterials
6.2.1 Beta-lactam medicines
Powderfororalliquid: 125mg(astrihydrate)/5
mL;250mg(astrihydrate)/5mL[c].
amoxicillin
Solidoraldosageform:250mg;500mg(as
trihydrate).
amoxicillin+clavulanicacid
Oralliquid: 125 mgamoxicillin+31.25mg

clavulanicacid/5mLAND250mgamoxicillin+
62.5mgclavulanicacid/5mL[c].
Tablet:500mg(astrihydrate)+125mg(as
potassiumsalt).
ampicillin
Powderforinjection: 500mg;1g(assodiumsalt)in
vial.
benzathinebenzylpenicillin
Powderforinjection: 900 mgbenzylpenicillin

(=1.2millionIU)in5mLvial[c];1.44g
benzylpenicillin(=2.4millionIU)in5mLvial.
benzylpenicillin
Powderforinjection: 600mg(=1millionIU);3g(=
5millionIU)(sodiumorpotassiumsalt)invial.
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cefalexin[c]
19thedition
Powderforreconstitutionwithwater:125mg/5
mL;250mg/5mL(anhydrous).
Solidoraldosageform:250mg(asmonohydrate).
Powderforinjection:1g(assodiumsalt)invial.
cefazolin*a
*Forsurgicalprophylaxis.
a
>1 month.
Capsule: 400mg (astrihydrate).

cefixime*
*Listedonlyforsingledosetreatmentof
uncomplicatedanogenitalgonorrhoea.
Powderforinjection: 250mg;1g(assodiumsalt)in
vial.
ceftriaxone*a
*Donotadministerwithcalciumandavoidin
infantswithhyperbilirubinaemia.
a
>41 weeks corrected gestational age.
Capsule: 500mg;1g(assodiumsalt).
cloxacillin
Powderforinjection:500mg(assodiumsalt)in
vial.
Powderfororalliquid:125mg(assodium
salt)/5mL.
phenoxymethylpenicillin
Powderfororalliquid: 250mg(aspotassium
salt)/5mL.
Tablet:250mg(aspotassiumsalt).
Powderforinjection: 1g(=1millionIU);3g
(=3millionIU)invial.
procainebenzylpenicillin*
*Procainebenzylpenicillinisnotrecommendedas
firstlinetreatmentforneonatalsepsisexceptin
settingswithhighneonatalmortality,whengivenby
trainedhealthworkersincaseswherehospitalcare
isnotachievable.
ComplementaryList
Powderforinjection:250mgpervial(assodiumsalt).
cefotaxime*[c]
ceftazidime
*3rdgenerationcephalosporinofchoiceforusein
hospitalizedneonates.
Powderforinjection:250mgor1g(aspentahydrate)
invial.
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19thedition
Powderforinjection:250mg(asmonohydrate)+
250mg(assodiumsalt);500mg(asmonohydrate)+
500mg(assodiumsalt)invial.
imipenem*+cilastatin*
*Listedonlyforthetreatmentoflifethreateninghospital
basedinfectionduetosuspectedorprovenmultidrug
resistantinfection.
Meropenemisindicatedforthetreatmentofmeningitis
andislicensedforuseinchildrenovertheageof3
months.
6.2.2 Other antibacterials

Capsule: 250mg;500mg (anhydrous).
azithromycin*
*Onlylistedforsingledosetreatmentofgenital
Chlamydiatrachomatisandoftrachoma.
Capsule: 250mg.
Oilysuspensionforinjection*:0.5g(assodium
succinate)/mLin2mLampoule.
chloramphenicol
*Onlyforthepresumptivetreatmentofepidemic
meningitisinchildrenolderthan2years.
Oralliquid:150mg(aspalmitate)/5mL.
Powderforinjection:1g(sodiumsuccinate)invial.
Oralliquid: 250mg/5 mL (anhydrous)[c].
ciprofloxacin*
SolutionforIVinfusion:2mg/mL(ashyclate)[c].
Tablet:250mg(ashydrochloride).
*Squareboxappliestoadultsonly.
clarithromycin*
*Foruseincombinationregimensforeradicationof
H.Pyloriinadults.
Oralliquid:25 mg/5 mL [c];50mg/5mL
(anhydrous)[c].
doxycyclinea
Solidoraldosageform:50mg[c];100mg(as
hyclate).
aUse in children <8 years only for life-threatening
infections when no alternative exists.
Powderforinjection: 500mg(aslactobionate)in
vial.
erythromycin
Powderfororalliquid:125mg/5mL(asstearateor
estolateorethylsuccinate).
Solidoraldosageform:250mg(asstearateor
estolateorethylsuccinate).
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19thedition
gentamicin
Injection: 10mg;40mg(assulfate)/mLin2 mL
vial.
Injection: 500mgin100 mLvial.
metronidazole
Oralliquid:200mg(asbenzoate)/5mL.
Suppository:500mg;1g.
nitrofurantoin
spectinomycin
Oralliquid: 25 mg/5 mL [c].

Tablet:100mg.
Powderforinjection: 2g(ashydrochloride)invial.
Injection:
80mg+16mg/mLin5mLampoule;
80mg+16mg/mLin10mLampoule.
sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim
Oralliquid:200mg+40mg/5mL.
Tablet:100mg+20mg;400mg+80mg;800mg+
160mg.
Oralliquid: 50mg/5 mL [c].
trimethoprima
Tablet:100mg;200mg.
a
>6 months.
ComplementaryList
Capsule:150mg(ashydrochloride).
clindamycin
Injection:150mg(asphosphate)/mL.
Oralliquid:75mg/5mL(aspalmitate)[c].
vancomycin
Powderforinjection:250mg(ashydrochloride)invial.
6.2.3 Antileprosy medicines

Medicines used in the treatment of leprosy should never be used except in combination. Combination
therapyisessentialtopreventtheemergenceofdrugresistance.Colourcodedblisterpacks(MDTblister
packs) containing standard twomedicine (paucibacillary leprosy) or threemedicine (multibacillary
leprosy)combinationsforadultandchildhoodleprosyshouldbeused.MDTblisterpackscanbesupplied
freeofchargethroughWHO.
clofazimine
Capsule: 50mg;100mg.
dapsone
Tablet: 25mg;50mg;100mg.
rifampicin
Solidoraldosageform: 150mg;300mg.
6.2.4 Antituberculosis medicines

WHOrecommendsandendorsestheuseoffixeddosecombinationsandthedevelopmentofappropriate
newfixeddosecombinations,includingmodifieddosageforms,nonrefrigeratedproductsandpaediatric
dosageformsofassuredpharmaceuticalquality.
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ethambutol

Tablet:100mgto400mg(hydrochloride).
ethambutol+isoniazid
Tablet: 400mg+150mg.
ethambutol+isoniazid+pyrazinamide+
rifampicin
Tablet:275mg+75mg+400mg+150mg.
ethambutol+isoniazid+rifampicin
Tablet:275mg+75mg+150mg.
Oralliquid: 50 mg/5 mL [c].
isoniazid
Tablet(scored):50mg.
Tablet:
isoniazid+pyrazinamide+rifampicin
75mg+400mg+150mg.
150mg+500mg+150mg(Forintermittentuse
threetimesweekly).
Tablet:
isoniazid+rifampicin
75mg+150mg;150mg+300mg.
60mg+60mg(Forintermittentusethreetimes
weekly).
150mg+150mg(Forintermittentusethreetimes
weekly).
Tablet:400mg.
pyrazinamide
Tablet(dispersible):150mg.
Capsule: 150mg.*
rifabutin
rifampicin
*ForuseonlyinpatientswithHIVreceiving
proteaseinhibitors.
Solidoraldosageform:150mg;300mg.
Tablet:150mg
rifapentine*
*FortreatmentoflatentTBinfection(LTBI)only
streptomycin
Powderforinjection: 1g(assulfate)invial.
ComplementaryList
Reservesecondlinedrugsforthetreatmentofmultidrugresistanttuberculosis(MDRTB)should
beusedinspecializedcentresadheringtoWHOstandardsforTBcontrol.
amikacin
Powderforinjection:100mg;500mg;1g(assulfate)
invial.
bedaquiline
Tablet:100mg
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capreomycin
19thedition
Powderforinjection:1g(assulfate)invial.
cycloserine*
*Terizidonemaybeanalternative
delamanid
Tablet:50mg
Tablet:125mg;250mg.
ethionamide*
*Protionamidemaybeanalternative.
kanamycin
levofloxacin*
*Ofloxacinandmoxifloxacinmaybealternativesbased
onavailabilityandprogrammeconsiderations.
Injectionforintravenousadministration:2mg/mL
in300mLbag
linezolid
Powderfororalliquid:100mg/5mL,
Tablet:400mg;600mg
Granules:4ginsachet.
paminosalicylicacid
Tablet:500mg.
streptomycin[c]
6.3 Antifungal medicines

amphotericinB
Powderforinjection: 50mginvial(assodium
deoxycholateorliposomalcomplex).
Vaginalcream: 1%;10%.
clotrimazole
Vaginaltablet:100mg;500mg.
Capsule: 50mg.
fluconazole
Injection:2mg/mLinvial.
Capsule: 250mg.
flucytosine
Infusion:2.5gin250mL.
Oralliquid:125mg/5 mL [c].
griseofulvin
Lozenge: 100000IU.
nystatin
Oralliquid:50mg/5mL[c];100000IU/mL[c].
Pessary:100000IU.
Tablet:100000IU;500000IU.
ComplementaryList
potassiumiodide
Saturatedsolution.
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19thedition
6.4 Antiviral medicines

6.4.1 Antiherpes medicines
aciclovir
Powderforinjection:250mg(assodiumsalt)in
vial.
Tablet:200mg.
6.4.2 Antiretrovirals
Based on current evidence and experience of use, medicines in the following three classes of
antiretrovirals are included as essential medicines for treatment and prevention of HIV (prevention of
mothertochildtransmissionandpostexposureprophylaxis).WHOemphasizestheimportanceofusing
theseproductsinaccordancewithglobalandnationalguidelines.WHOrecommendsandendorsesthe
use of fixeddose combinations and the development of appropriate new fixeddose combinations,
including modified dosage forms, nonrefrigerated products and paediatric dosage forms of assured
pharmaceuticalquality.
Scored tablets can be used in children and therefore can be considered for inclusion in the listing of
tablets,providedthatadequatequalityproductsareavailable.
6.4.2.1 Nucleoside/Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Oralliquid: 100mg(assulfate)/5mL.
abacavir(ABC)
Tablet:300mg(assulfate).
lamivudine(3TC)
Tablet:150mg.
Capsule: 15 mg;20mg;30mg.
stavudine(d4T)
Powderfororalliquid:5mg/5mL.
tenofovirdisoproxilfumarate(TDF)
Tablet:300mg(tenofovirdisoproxilfumarate
equivalentto245mgtenofovirdisoproxil).
Capsule: 100mg;250mg.
zidovudine(ZDVorAZT)
SolutionforIVinfusioninjection:10mg/mLin
20mLvial.
Tablet:300mg.
6.4.2.2 Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Capsule: 50mg;100mg;200mg.
efavirenz(EFVorEFZ)a
Tablet:200mg(scored);600mg.
a
>3 years or >10 kg weight.

nevirapine(NVP)
Tablet:50mg(dispersible);200mg.
6.4.2.3 Protease inhibitors
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Selection of protease inhibitor(s) from the Model List will need to be determined by each country after
consideration of international and national treatment guidelines and experience. Ritonavir is
recommendedforuseincombinationasapharmacologicalbooster,andnotasanantiretroviralinitsown
right.Allotherproteaseinhibitorsshouldbeusedinboostedforms(e.g.withritonavir).
atazanavira
Solidoraldosageform:100mg;150mg;300mg (as
sulfate).
a
darunavir a
>25 kg.
Tablet:75mg;400mg;600mg;800mg
a
>3 years
Oralliquid: 400mg+100mg/5mL.
lopinavir+ritonavir(LPV/r)
Tablet(heatstable):100mg+25mg;
200mg+50mg.
ritonavir
Tablet(heatstable):25mg;100mg.
saquinavir(SQV)a
Solidoraldosageform: 200mg;500mg(as
mesilate).
a
>25 kg.
FIXED-DOSE COMBINATIONS
abacavir+lamivudine
efavirenz+emtricitabine+tenofovir
Tablet(dispersible,scored):60mg(assulfate)+30
mg
Tablet:600mg+200mg+300mg(disoproxil
fumarateequivalentto245mgtenofovirdisoproxil).
emtricitabine+tenofovir
Tablet: 200mg+300mg (disoproxilfumarate

Tablet: 150mg+200mg+30mg.
lamivudine+nevirapine+stavudine
lamivudine+nevirapine+zidovudine
lamivudine+zidovudine
Tablet(dispersible):30mg+50mg+6mg[c].
Tablet: 30mg+50mg+60mg[c];150mg+200 mg
+300mg.
Tablet: 30mg+60mg[c];150mg+300mg.
6.4.3 Other antivirals

Capsule:30mg;45mg;75mg(asphosphate).
Oralpowder:12mg/mL.
oseltamivir*
*potentiallysevereorcomplicatedillnessdueto
confirmedorsuspectedinfluenzavirusinfectionin
accordancewithWHOtreatmentguidelines.
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Injectionforintravenousadministration:800mg
and1gin10mLphosphatebuffersolution.
ribavirin*
Solidoraldosageform:200mg;400mg;600mg.
*Forthetreatmentofviralhaemorrhagicfevers
valganciclovir*
Tablet:450mg.
*Forthetreatmentofcytomegalovirusretinitis
(CMV).
6.4.4 Antihepatitis medicines

6.4.4.1 Medicines for hepatitis B
6.4.4.1.1 Nucleoside/Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Oralliquid:0.05mg/mL
entecavir
tenofovirdisoproxilfumarate(TDF)
Tablet:0.5mg;1mg
Tablet:300mg(tenofovirdisoproxilfumarate
6.4.4.2 Medicines for hepatitis C

Basedoncurrentevidence,medicinesinthefollowingclassesofdirectactingantiviralmedicinesare
includedasessentialmedicinesfortreatmentofhepatitisCvirusinfection.WHOguidelinesrecommend
specificcombinationtherapyutilisingmedicinesfromdifferentclasses.[\url]
6.4.4.2.1 Nucleotide polymerase inhibitors
sofosbuvir
Tablet:400mg
6.4.4.2.2 Protease inhibitors

simeprevir
Capsule150mg
6.4.4.2.3 NS5A inhibitors

daclatasvir
Tablet:30mg(ashydrochloride)
6.4.4.2.4 Non-nucleoside polymerase inhibitors

dasabuvir
Tablet: 250mg
6.4.4.2.5 Other antivirals

Injectionforintravenousadministration:800mg
and1gin10mLphosphatebuffersolution.
ribavirin*
*ForthetreatmentofhepatitisC,incombination
withpeginterferonand/ordirectactingantiviral
medicines
ComplementaryList
page - 14
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
19thedition
Vialorprefilledsyringe:
180micrograms(peginterferonalfa2a),
pegylatedinterferonalfa(2aor2b)*
80microgram,100microgram(peginterferonalfa2b).
*Tobeusedincombinationwithribavirin.
FIXED-DOSE COMBINATIONS
Alternative combinations of DAAs from different pharmacological classes are possible
ledipasvir+sofosbuvir
Tablet:90mg+400mg.
ombitasvir+paritaprevir+ritonavir
Tablet:12.5mg+75mg+50mg
6.5 Antiprotozoal medicines

6.5.1 Antiamoebic and antigiardiasis medicines
diloxanidea
Tablet: 500mg(furoate).
a
>25 kg.
Injection: 500mgin100 mLvial.

metronidazole
Oralliquid:200mg(asbenzoate)/5mL.
6.5.2 Antileishmaniasis medicines

amphotericinB
Powderforinjection: 50mginvial(assodium
deoxycholateorliposomalcomplex).
miltefosine
paromomycin
Solutionforintramuscularinjection:750mgof
paromomycinbase(asthesulfate).
Injection: 100mg/ mL,1vial=30mLor30%,
equivalenttoapproximately8.1%antimony
(pentavalent)in5mLampoule.
sodiumstibogluconateormeglumineantimoniate
6.5.3 Antimalarial medicines
6.5.3.1 For curative treatment
Medicines for the treatment of P. falciparum malaria cases should be used in combination. The list
currentlyrecommendscombinationsaccordingtotreatmentguidelines.WHOrecognizesthatnotallof
the fixed dose combinations (FDCs) in the WHO treatment guidelines exist, and encourages their
development and rigorous testing. WHO also encourages development and testing of rectal dosage
formulations.
Tablet: 153mg or200mg(ashydrochloride).
amodiaquine*
*Tobeusedincombinationwithartesunate50mg.
Oilyinjection: 80mg/ mL in1mLampoule.
artemether*
*Foruseinthemanagementofseveremalaria.
page - 15
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
19thedition
Tablet: 20mg+120mg.
artemether+lumefantrine*
Tablet(dispersible):20mg+120mg[c].
*Notrecommendedinthefirsttrimesterof
pregnancyorinchildrenbelow5kg.
Injection: ampoules,containing60mganhydrous
artesunicacidwithaseparateampouleof5%
sodiumbicarbonatesolution.
Foruseinthemanagementofseveremalaria.
artesunate*
Rectaldosageform:50mg[c];200mgcapsules(for
prereferraltreatmentofseveremalariaonly;
patientsshouldbetakentoanappropriatehealth
facilityforfollowupcare)[c].
Tablet:50mg.
*Tobeusedincombinationwitheither
amodiaquine,mefloquineorsulfadoxine+
pyrimethamine.
Tablet: 25 mg+ 67.5 mg;50 mg+135mg;100 mg+
270mg.
artesunate+amodiaquine*
artesunate+mefloquine
*Othercombinationsthatdeliverthetargetdoses
requiredsuchas153mgor200mg(as
hydrochloride)with50mgartesunatecanbe
alternatives.
Tablet: 25 mg+ 55mg;100 mg+220mg.
Oralliquid: 50mg(asphosphateorsulfate)/5 mL.
chloroquine*
Tablet:100mg;150mg(asphosphateorsulfate).
*ForuseonlyforthetreatmentofP.vivaxinfection.
Capsule: 100mg(ashydrochlorideorhyclate).
doxycycline*
Tablet(dispersible):100mg(asmonohydrate).
*Foruseonlyincombinationwithquinine.
Tablet: 250mg(ashydrochloride).
mefloquine*
*Tobeusedincombinationwithartesunate50mg.
Tablet: 7.5mg;15 mg(asdiphosphate).
primaquine*
*OnlyforusetoachieveradicalcureofP.vivaxand
P.ovaleinfections,givenfor14days.
page - 16
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
19thedition
Injection: 300mgquininehydrochloride/mL in2

mLampoule.
quinine*
Tablet:300mg(quininesulfate)or300mg(quinine
bisulfate).
*Foruseonlyinthemanagementofseveremalaria,
andshouldbeusedincombinationwith
doxycycline.
Tablet: 500mg+25mg.
sulfadoxine+pyrimethamine*
*Onlyincombinationwithartesunate50mg.
6.5.3.2 For prophylaxis
Oralliquid: 50mg(asphosphateorsulfate)/5 mL.
chloroquine*
Tablet:150mg(asphosphateorsulfate).
*ForuseonlyincentralAmericanregions,for
P.vivaxinfections.
doxycyclinea
Solidoral dosageform: 100mg(ashydrochloride or

hyclate).
a
>8 years.
mefloquinea
>5 kg or >3 months.
proguanil*
*Foruseonlyincombinationwithchloroquine.
6.5.4 Antipneumocystosis and antitoxoplasmosis medicines
pyrimethamine
Tablet: 25mg.
sulfadiazine
Tablet:500mg.
Injection:
sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim
80mg+16mg/mLin5mLampoule;
80mg+16mg/mLin10mLampoule.
Oralliquid:200mg+40mg/5mL[c].
Tablet:100mg+20mg;400mg+80mg[c].
ComplementaryList
pentamidine
Tablet:200mg;300mg(asisethionate).
6.5.5 Antitrypanosomal medicines

6.5.5.1 African trypanosomiasis
Medicinesforthetreatmentof1ststageAfricantrypanosomiasis
Powderforinjection:200mg(asisetionate)invial.
pentamidine*
*TobeusedforthetreatmentofTrypanosomabrucei
gambienseinfection.
page - 17
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
19thedition
Powderforinjection: 1ginvial.
suraminsodium*
*Tobeusedforthetreatmentoftheinitialphaseof
Trypanosomabruceirhodesienseinfection.
Medicinesforthetreatmentof2ndstageAfricantrypanosomiasis
eflornithine*
melarsoprol
nifurtimox*
Injection:200mg(hydrochloride)/mLin100 mL
bottle.
*TobeusedforthetreatmentofTrypanosomabrucei
gambienseinfection.
Injection: 3.6%solution,5 mLampoule(180mgof
active
compound).
Tablet: 120mg.
*Onlytobeusedincombinationwitheflornithine,
forthetreatmentofTrypanosomabruceigambiense
infection.
ComplementaryList[c]
melarsoprol
Injection:3.6%solutionin5mLampoule(180mgof
activecompound).
6.5.5.2 American trypanosomiasis

Tablet: 12.5mg [c];100mg.
benznidazole
nifurtimox
Tablet: 30mg;120mg;250mg.
7. ANTIMIGRAINE MEDICINES
7.1 For treatment of acute attack
acetylsalicylicacid
Tablet: 300mgto500mg.
ibuprofen[c]
Tablet:200mg;400mg.
paracetamol

7.2 For prophylaxis

propranolol
Tablet: 20mg;40mg(hydrochloride).
8. ANTINEOPLASTICS AND IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVES

Medicineslistedbelowshouldbeusedaccordingtoprotocolsfortreatmentofthediseases.
8.1 Immunosuppressive medicines
ComplementaryList
Powderforinjection:100mg(assodiumsalt)invial.
azathioprine
page - 18
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
19thedition
Capsule:25mg.
ciclosporin
Concentrateforinjection:50mg/mLin1mLampoule
fororgantransplantation.
8.2 Cytotoxic and adjuvant medicines

ComplementaryList
alltransretinoidacid(ATRA)
allopurinol[c]
Capsule:10mg.
acutepromyelocyticleukemia.
Tablet:100mg;300mg.
Powderforinjection:10000IUinvial.
asparaginase
acutelymphoblasticleukemia.
Injection:45mg/0.5mL;180mg/2mL.
bendamustine
chroniclymphocyticleukemia
follicularlymphoma
Powderforinjection:15mg(assulfate)invial.
bleomycin
Hodgkinlymphoma
Kaposisarcoma
ovariangermcelltumour
testiculargermcelltumour
Tablet:15mg.
calciumfolinate
earlystagecoloncancer
earlystagerectalcancer
gestationaltrophoblasticneoplasia
metastaticcolorectalcancer
osteosarcoma
Burkittlymphoma
Tablet:150mg;500mg.
capecitabine
metastaticbreastcancer
Injection:50mg/5mL;150mg/15mL;450mg/45mL;
600mg/60mL.
carboplatin
earlystagebreastcancer
epithelialovariancancer
nasopharyngealcancer
nonsmallcelllungcancer
osteosarcoma
retinoblastoma
page - 19
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
19thedition
Tablet:2mg.
chlorambucil
chroniclymphocyticleukemia.
Injection:50mg/50mL;100mg/100mL.
cisplatin
cervicalcancer(asaradiosensitizer)
headandneckcancer(asaradiosensitizer)
nasopharyngealcancer(asaradiosensitizer)
osteosarcoma
Powderforinjection:500mginvial.
Tablet:25mg.
cyclophosphamide
diffuselargeBcelllymphoma
Hodgkinlymphoma
follicularlymphoma
rhabdomyosarcoma
Ewingsarcoma
acutelymphoblasticleukemia
Burkittlymphoma
metastaticbreastcancer.
cytarabine
acutemyelogenousleukemia
acutepromyelocyticleukemia
Burkittlymphoma.
dacarbazine
Hodgkinlymphoma
Powderforinjection:500microgramsinvial.
dactinomycin
rhabdomyosarcoma
Wilmstumour
Powderforinjection:50mg(hydrochloride)invial.
acutemyelogenousleukemia
daunorubicin
Injection:20mg/mL;40mg/mL.
docetaxel
metastaticprostatecancer
page - 20
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
19thedition
Powderforinjection:10mg;50mg(hydrochloride)in
vial.
doxorubicin
Hodgkinlymphoma
Kaposisarcoma
follicularlymphoma
osteosarcoma
Ewingsarcoma
Wilmstumour
Burkittlymphoma
Capsule:100mg.
etoposide
Hodgkinlymphoma
retinoblastoma
Ewingsarcoma
Burkittlymphoma
Powderforinjection:50mg(phosphate)invial.
fludarabine
Tablet:10mg
chroniclymphocyticleukemia.
fluorouracil
nasopharyngealcancer.
page - 21
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
19thedition
Injection:120micrograms/0.2mL;300micrograms/0.5
mL;480micrograms/0.8mLinprefilledsyringe300
micrograms/mLin1mLvial,480mg/1.6mLin1.6mL
vial.
Asprimaryprophylaxisinpatientsathighriskfor
developingfebrileneutropeniaassociatedwith
myelotoxicchemotherapy.
Assecondaryprophylaxisforpatientswhohave
experiencedneutropeniafollowingpriormyelotoxic
chemotherapy
tofacilitateadministrationofdosedense
chemotherapyregimens
filgrastim
Powderforinjection:200mginvial,1ginvial.
gemcitabine
hydroxycarbamide
Solidoraldosageform:200mg;250mg;300mg;400
mg;500mg;1g.
chronicmyeloidleukemia.
Powderforinjection:500mgvial;1gvial;2gvial.
ifosfamide
osteosarcoma
rhabdomyosarcoma
Ewingsarcoma
Tablet:100mg;400mg.
imatinib
irinotecan
chronicmyeloidleukemia
gastrointestinalstromaltumour
Injection:40mg/2mLin2mLvial;100mg/5mLin5
mLvial;500mg/25mLin25mLvial.
metastaticcolorectalcancer.
Tablet:50mg.
mercaptopurine
acutepromyelocyticleukemia.
Injection:100mg/mLin4mLand10mLampoules.
Tablet:400mg;600mg.
mesna
osteosarcoma
rhabdomyosarcoma
Ewingsarcoma.
page - 22
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
19thedition
Powderforinjection:50mg(assodiumsalt)invial.
Tablet:2.5mg(assodiumsalt).
methotrexate
osteosarcoma
Injection:50mg/10mLin10mLvial;100mg/20mLin
20mLvial;200mg/40mLin40mLvial.
oxaliplatin
Powderforinjection:50mg,100mginvial.
Powderforinjection:6mg/mL.
paclitaxel
procarbazine
Kaposisarcoma
nasopharyngealcancer
Capsule:50mg(ashydrochloride).
Injection:100mg/10mLin10mLvial;500mg/50mL
in50mLvial.
rituximab
tioguanine[c]
follicularlymphoma.
Doseform:
trastuzumab
earlystageHER2positivebreastcancer
metastaticHER2positivebreastcancer.
Powderforinjection:10mg(sulfate)invial.
vinblastine
Hodgkinlymphoma
Kaposisarcoma.
Testiculargermcelltumour
Ovariangermcelltumour
page - 23
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
19thedition
Powderforinjection:1mg;5mg(sulfate)invial.
vincristine
Hodgkinlymphoma
Kaposisarcoma
follicularlymphoma
retinoblastoma
rhabdomyosarcoma
Ewingsarcoma
Wilmstumour
Burkittlymphoma.
Injection:10mg/mLin1mLvial;50mg/5mLin5
mLvial.
vinorelbine
8.3 Hormones and antihormones

ComplementaryList
Tablet:1mg.
anastrozole
bicalutamide
metastaticbreastcancer.
Tablet:50mg.
metastaticprostatecancer.
Injection:4mg/mLin1mLampoule(asdisodium
phosphatesalt).
dexamethasone
Oralliquid:2mg/5mL[c].
Doseform
leuprorelin
hydrocortisone
metastaticprostatecancer
Powderforinjection:100mg(assodiumsuccinate)in
vial.
methylprednisolone[c]
Injection:40mg/mL(assodiumsuccinate)in1mL
singledosevialand
5mLmultidosevials;80mg/mL(assodiumsuccinate)
in1mLsingledosevial.
acutelymphoblasticleukamia.
page - 24
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
19thedition
Tablet:5mg;25mg.
prednisolone
Hodgkinlymphoma
follicularlymphoma
Burkittlymphoma
Tablet:10mg;20mg(ascitrate).
tamoxifen
9. ANTIPARKINSONISM MEDICINES
biperiden
Injection: 5mg(lactate)in1mLampoule.
Tablet:2mg(hydrochloride).
levodopa+carbidopa
Tablet: 100mg+10mg;100mg+25mg;250mg+
25mg
10. MEDICINES AFFECTING THE BLOOD

10.1 Antianaemia medicines
ferroussalt
Oralliquid: equivalentto25mgiron(assulfate)/
mL.
Tablet:equivalentto60mgiron.
ferroussalt+folicacid
Tablet: equivalentto60mgiron+400micrograms
folicacid
(nutritionalsupplementforuseduringpregnancy).
Tablet: 400micrograms*;1mg;5mg.
folicacid
hydroxocobalamin
*periconceptualuseforpreventionoffirst
occurrenceofneuraltubedefects
Injection: 1mg (asacetate,ashydrochloride oras
sulfate)in1mLampoule.
10.2 Medicines affecting coagulation

Injection:ampouleorprefilledsyringe
enoxaparin*
20mg/0.2mL;40mg/0.4mL;60mg/0.6mL;80
mg/0.8mL;100mg/1mL;120mg/0.8mL;150mg/1
mL
*Alternativesarelimitedtonadroparinand
dalteparin
heparinsodium
Injection: 1000IU/ mL;5000IU/mL;20000IU/ mL

in1mLampoule.
page - 25
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
19thedition
phytomenadione
Injection: 1mg/ mL [c]; 10mg/mLin5mL

ampoule.
Tablet:10mg.
protaminesulfate
tranexamicacid
Injection: 100 mg/ mL in10mLampoule.
warfarin
Tablet: 1mg;2mg;5mg(sodiumsalt).
desmopressin
Injection:4micrograms/mL(asacetate)in1mL
ampoule.
Nasalspray:10micrograms(asacetate)perdose
heparinsodium
Injection:1000IU/mL;5000IU/mLin1mLampoule.
protaminesulfate
warfarin
Tablet:0.5mg;1mg;2mg;5mg(sodiumsalt).
10.3 Other medicines for haemoglobinopathies

ComplementaryList
deferoxamine*
Powderforinjection:500mg(mesilate)invial.
*Deferasiroxoralformmaybeanalternative,depending
oncostandavailability.
hydroxycarbamide
Solidoraldosageform:200mg;500mg;1g.
11. BLOOD PRODUCTS OF HUMAN ORIGIN AND PLASMA SUBSTITUTES

11.1 Blood and blood components
InaccordancewiththeWorldHealthAssemblyresolutionWHA63.12,WHOrecognizesthatachieving
selfsufficiency,unlessspecialcircumstancesprecludeit,inthesupplyofsafebloodcomponentsbasedon
voluntary,nonremuneratedblooddonation,andthesecurityofthatsupplyareimportantnationalgoals
topreventbloodshortagesandmeetthetransfusionrequirementsofthepatientpopulation.All
preparationsshouldcomplywiththeWHOrequirements.
freshfrozenplasma
platelets
redbloodcells
wholeblood
11.2 Plasma-derived medicines

AllhumanplasmaderivedmedicinesshouldcomplywiththeWHOrequirements.
11.2.1 Human immunoglobulins
antiDimmunoglobulin
Injection: 250microgramsinsingledosevial.
Antirabiesimmunoglobulin
Injection: 150IU/ mL invial.
Antitetanusimmunoglobulin
Injection: 500IUinvial.
ComplementaryList
page - 26
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
19thedition
Intramuscularadministration:16%protein
solution.*
Intravenousadministration:5%;10%protein
solution.**
normalimmunoglobulin
Subcutaneousadministration:15%;16%protein
solution.*
*Indicatedforprimaryimmunedeficiency.
**Indicatedforprimaryimmunedeficiencyand
Kawasakidisease.
11.2.2 Blood coagulation factors

ComplementaryList
coagulationfactorVIII
Powderforinjection:500IU/vial.
coagulationfactorIX
Powderforinjection:500IU/vial,1000IU/vial.
11.3 Plasma substitutes

Injectablesolution:6%.
dextran70*
*Polygeline,injectablesolution,3.5%isconsidered
asequivalent.
12. CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINES

12.1 Antianginal medicines
Tablet: 1.25 mg;5mg.
bisoprolol*
*includesmetoprololandcarvedilolas
alternatives.
glyceryltrinitrate
Tablet(sublingual): 500micrograms.
isosorbidedinitrate
Tablet(sublingual): 5mg.
verapamil
Tablet:40mg;80mg(hydrochloride).
12.2 Antiarrhythmic medicines

Tablet: 1.25 mg;5mg.
bisoprolol*
alternatives.
Injection: 250micrograms/ mLin2mLampoule.
digoxin
Oralliquid:50micrograms/mL.
Tablet:62.5micrograms;250micrograms.
Injection:100micrograms/ mL(asacidtartrate or
hydrochloride)in10mLampoule.
lidocaine
Injection: 20mg(hydrochloride)/mLin5mL
ampoule.
page - 27
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
19thedition
verapamil
Injection: 2.5mg(hydrochloride)/mLin2mL
ampoule.
ComplementaryList
Injection:50mg/mLin3mLampoule(hydrochloride).
amiodarone
Tablet:100mg;200mg;400mg(hydrochloride).
12.3 Antihypertensive medicines
amlodipine
Tablet: 5 mg (asmaleate,mesylateorbesylate).
Tablet:1.25 mg;5mg.
bisoprolol*
enalapril
*includesatenolol,metoprololandcarvedilolas
alternatives.Atenololshouldnotbeusedasafirst
lineagentinuncomplicatedhypertensionin
patients>60years
Tablet: 2.5mg;5mg (ashydrogenmaleate).
Powderforinjection: 20mg(hydrochloride)in
ampoule.
hydralazine*
hydrochlorothiazide
*Hydralazineislistedforuseonlyintheacute
managementofseverepregnancyinduced
hypertension.Itsuseinthetreatmentofessential
hypertensionisnotrecommendedinviewofthe
evidenceofgreaterefficacyandsafetyofother
medicines.
Oralliquid:50mg/5 mL.
Solidoraldosageform:12.5mg;25mg.
Tablet:250mg.
methyldopa*
*Methyldopaislistedforuseonlyinthe
managementofpregnancyinducedhypertension.Its
useinthetreatmentofessentialhypertensionisnot
recommendedinviewoftheevidenceofgreater
efficacyandsafetyofothermedicines.
ComplementaryList
sodiumnitroprusside
Powderforinfusion:50mginampoule.
12.4 Medicines used in heart failure

Tablet:1.25 mg;5mg.
bisoprolol*
alternatives.
page - 28
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
19thedition
Injection: 250micrograms/ mLin2mLampoule.

digoxin
Oralliquid:50micrograms/mL.
Tablet:62.5micrograms;250micrograms.
enalapril
Tablet: 2.5mg;5mg (ashydrogenmaleate).

furosemide
Tablet:40mg.
hydrochlorothiazide
Oralliquid:50mg/5 mL.
spironolactone
Tablet: 25mg.
ComplementaryList
dopamine
Injection:40mg/mL(hydrochloride)in5mLvial.
12.5 Antithrombotic medicines

12.5.1 Anti-platelet medicines
acetylsalicylicacid
Tablet: 100mg.
clopidogrel
Tablet:75mg;300mg
12.5.2 Thrombolytic medicines

ComplementaryList
streptokinase
Powderforinjection:1.5millionIUinvial.
12.6 Lipid-lowering agents

simvastatin*
Tablet: 5mg;10mg;20mg;40mg.
*Foruseinhighriskpatients.
13. DERMATOLOGICAL MEDICINES (topical)

13.1 Antifungal medicines
miconazole
Creamorointment:2%(nitrate).
seleniumsulfide
Detergentbasedsuspension:2%.
sodiumthiosulfate
Solution: 15%.
terbinafine
Cream: 1% orOintment: 1%terbinafine

hydrochloride.
13.2 Anti-infective medicines

Cream(asmupirocincalcium):2%.
mupirocin
Ointment:2%.
potassiumpermanganate
Aqueoussolution: 1:10000.
page - 29
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
19thedition
Cream:1%.
silversulfadiazinea
>2 months.
13.3 Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic medicines

betamethasonea
Creamorointment:0.1%(asvalerate).
a
Hydrocortisone preferred in neonates.
calamine
Lotion.
hydrocortisone
Creamorointment:1%(acetate).
13.4 Medicines affecting skin differentiation and proliferation

benzoylperoxide
Creamorlotion: 5%.
coaltar
Solution: 5%.
fluorouracil
Ointment: 5%.
podophyllumresin
Solution: 10%to25%.
salicylicacid
Solution: 5%.
urea
Creamorointment: 5%;10%.
13.5 Scabicides and pediculicides

benzylbenzoatea
Lotion: 25%.
a
>2 years.
Cream: 5%.
permethrin
Lotion:1%.
14. DIAGNOSTIC AGENTS
14.1 Ophthalmic medicines
fluorescein
Eyedrops: 1%(sodiumsalt).
tropicamide
Eyedrops: 0.5%.
14.2 Radiocontrast media

amidotrizoate
Injection: 140mgto420mgiodine(assodium or
megluminesalt)/mLin20mLampoule.
bariumsulfate
Aqueoussuspension.
iohexol
Injection: 140mgto350mgiodine/mLin5 mL;10

mL;20mLampoules.
ComplementaryList
bariumsulfate[c]
Aqueoussuspension.
meglumineiotroxate
Solution:5gto8giodinein100mLto250mL.
15. DISINFECTANTS AND ANTISEPTICS

15.1 Antiseptics
page - 30
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
19thedition
chlorhexidine
Solution:5%(digluconate).
ethanol
Solution: 70%(denatured).
povidoneiodine
Solution: 10% (equivalentto1%availableiodine).
15.2 Disinfectants
Solutioncontainingethanol80%volume/volume
alcoholbasedhandrub
Solutioncontainingisopropylalcohol75%
volume/volume
chlorinebasecompound
Powder: (0.1%availablechlorine)forsolution.
chloroxylenol
Solution: 4.8%.
glutaral
Solution: 2%.
16. DIURETICS
amiloride
Tablet: 5mg(hydrochloride).
furosemide
Tablet:10mg[c];20mg[c];40mg.
hydrochlorothiazide
mannitol
Injectablesolution: 10%;20%.
spironolactone
Tablet: 25mg.
hydrochlorothiazide
mannitol
Injectablesolution:10%;20%.
spironolactone
Oralliquid:5mg/5mL;10mg/5mL;25mg/5mL.
Tablet:25mg.
17. GASTROINTESTINAL MEDICINES

pancreaticenzymes
Ageappropriateformulationsanddosesincludinglipase,
proteaseandamylase.
17.1 Antiulcer medicines

Powderforinjection:40mginvial
omeprazole
Powderfororalliquid:20mg;40mgsachets.
page - 31
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
19thedition
Injection: 25 mg/ mL (ashydrochloride)in2 mL

ampoule.
ranitidine
Oralliquid:75mg/5mL(ashydrochloride).
Tablet:150mg(ashydrochloride).
17.2 Antiemetic medicines

Injection: 4mg/ mL in1 mLampoule(asdisodium
phosphatesalt).
dexamethasone
Oralliquid:0.5mg/5mL;2mg/5mL.
Solidoraldosageform:0.5mg;0.75mg;1.5mg;
4mg.
ampoule.
metoclopramidea
a
Not in neonates.
Injection:2mgbase/ mL in2mLampoule(as
hydrochloride).
ondansetrona
Oralliquid:4mgbase/5mL.
Solidoraldosageform:Eq4mgbase;Eq8mgbase;
Eq24mgbase.
a
>1 month.
17.3 Anti-inflammatory medicines

Retentionenema.
sulfasalazine
Suppository:500mg.
Tablet:500mg.
ComplementaryList
Retentionenema.
hydrocortisone
Suppository:25mg(acetate).
(theonlyappliestohydrocortisoneretention
enema).
17.4 Laxatives
senna
Tablet: 7.5mg(sennosides)(ortraditionaldosage
forms).
17.5 Medicines used in diarrhoea

17.5.1 Oral rehydration
page - 32
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
19thedition
oralrehydrationsalts
Powderfordilution in200 mL;500mL;1L.
glucose:
75mEq
sodium:
75mEqormmol/L
chloride:
65mEqormmol/L
potassium:
20mEqormmol/L
citrate:
10mmol/L
osmolarity:
245mOsm/L
glucose:
13.5g/L
sodiumchloride:
2.6g/L
potassiumchloride:
1.5g/L
trisodiumcitratedihydrate*:
2.9g/L
*trisodiumcitratedihydratemaybereplacedby
sodiumhydrogencarbonate(sodiumbicarbonate)
2.5g/L.However,asthestabilityofthislatter
formulationisverypoorundertropicalconditions,it
isrecommendedonlywhenmanufacturedfor
immediateuse.
17.5.2 Medicines for diarrhoea

zincsulfate*
*Inacutediarrhoeazincsulfateshouldbeusedasan
adjuncttooralrehydrationsalts.
18. HORMONES, OTHER ENDOCRINE MEDICINES AND CONTRACEPTIVES

18.1 Adrenal hormones and synthetic substitutes
fludrocortisone
Tablet:100micrograms(acetate).
hydrocortisone
18.2 Androgens
ComplementaryList
testosterone
Injection:200mg(enanthate)in1mLampoule.
18.3 Contraceptives
18.3.1 Oral hormonal contraceptives
ethinylestradiol+levonorgestrel
Tablet: 30micrograms+150micrograms.
ethinylestradiol+norethisterone
Tablet: 35micrograms+1mg.
levonorgestrel
Tablet: 30micrograms;750micrograms(packof
two);1.5mg.
18.3.2 Injectable hormonal contraceptives

estradiolcypionate+medroxyprogesteroneacetate Injection:5mg+25mg.
medroxyprogesteroneacetate
Depotinjection: 150mg/ mLin1mLvial.
norethisteroneenantate
Oilysolution: 200mg/ mL in1mLampoule.
18.3.3 Intrauterine devices

page - 33
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
19thedition
coppercontainingdevice
levonorgestrelreleasingintrauterinesystem
Intrauterinesystemwithreservoircontaining52mg
oflevonorestrel
18.3.4 Barrier methods

condoms
diaphragms
18.3.5 Implantable contraceptives
etonogestrelreleasingimplant
Singlerodetonogestrelreleasingimplant,
containing68mgofetonogestrel.
levonorgestrelreleasingimplant
Tworodlevonorgestrelreleasingimplant,eachrod
containing75mgoflevonorgestrel(150mgtotal).
18.3.5 Intravaginal contraceptives

Progesteronereleasingvaginalringcontaining2.074
gofmicronizedprogesterone.
progesteronevaginalring*
*Foruseinwomenactivelybreastfeedingatleast4
timesperday
18.4 Estrogens
18.5 Insulins and other medicines used for diabetes
Solid oral dosage form: (controlledrelease tablets)
30mg;60mg;
gliclazide*
80mg.
*glibenclamidenotsuitableabove60years.
glucagon
Injection:1 mg/ mL.
insulininjection(soluble)
Injection: 40IU/ mL in10 mLvial;100IU/mL in

10mLvial.
intermediateactinginsulin
Injection: 40IU/ mL in10 mLvial;100IU/mL in

10mLvial(ascompoundinsulinzincsuspensionor
isophaneinsulin).
metformin
metformin
18.6 Ovulation inducers

ComplementaryList
clomifene
Tablet:50mg(citrate).
18.7 Progestogens
medroxyprogesteroneacetate
Tablet: 5mg.
page - 34
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
19thedition
18.8 Thyroid hormones and antithyroid medicines

levothyroxine
Tablet: 25micrograms [c];50micrograms;

100micrograms(sodiumsalt).
potassiumiodide
Tablet: 60mg.
propylthiouracil
Tablet: 50mg.
Lugolssolution
Oralliquid:about130mgtotaliodine/mL.
potassiumiodide
Tablet:60mg.
propylthiouracil
Tablet:50mg.
19. IMMUNOLOGICALS
19.1 Diagnostic agents
AlltuberculinsshouldcomplywiththeWHOrequirementsfortuberculins.
tuberculin,purifiedproteinderivative(PPD)
Injection.
19.2 Sera and immunoglobulins

AllplasmafractionsshouldcomplywiththeWHOrequirements.
Injection.
Antivenomimmunoglobulin*
*Exacttypetobedefinedlocally.
diphtheriaantitoxin
Injection: 10000IU;20000IUinvial.
19.3 Vaccines
WHO immunization policy recommendations are published in vaccine position papers on the basis of
recommendationsmadebytheStrategicAdvisoryGroupofExpertsonImmunization(SAGE).
WHOvaccinepositionpapersareupdatedthreetofourtimesperyear.Thelistbelowdetailsthevaccines
forwhichthereisarecommendationfromSAGEandacorrespondingWHOpositionpaperasat[DATE].
ThemostrecentversionsoftheWHOpositionpapers,reflectingthecurrentevidencerelatedtoaspecific
vaccineandtherelatedrecommendations,canbeaccessedatanytimeontheWHOwebsiteat:
http://www.who.int/immunization/documents/positionpapers/en/index.html.
Vaccine recommendations may be universal or conditional (e.g., in certain regions, in some highrisk
populationsoraspartofimmunizationprogrammeswithcertaincharacteristics).Detailsareavailablein
the relevant position papers, and in the Summary Tables of WHO Routine Immunization
RecommendationsavailableontheWHOwebsiteat:
http://www.who.int/immunization/policy/immunization_tables/en/index.html.
SelectionofvaccinesfromtheModelListwillneedtobedeterminedbyeachcountryafterconsideration
ofinternationalrecommendations,epidemiologyandnationalpriorities.
AllvaccinesshouldcomplywiththeWHOrequirementsforbiologicalsubstances.
WHOnotedtheneedforvaccinesusedinchildrentobepolyvalent.
Recommendationsforall
BCGvaccine
page - 35
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
19thedition
diphtheriavaccine
Haemophilusinfluenzaetypebvaccine
hepatitisBvaccine
HPVvaccine
measlesvaccine
pertussisvaccine
pneumococcalvaccine
poliomyelitisvaccine
rotavirusvaccine
rubellavaccine
tetanusvaccine
Recommendationsforcertainregions
Japaneseencephalitisvaccine
yellowfevervaccine
tickborneencephalitisvaccine
Recommendationsforsomehighriskpopulations
choleravaccine
hepatitisAvaccine
meningococcalmeningitisvaccine
rabiesvaccine
typhoidvaccine
Recommendationsforimmunizationprogrammeswithcertaincharacteristics
influenzavaccine(seasonal)
mumpsvaccine
varicellavaccine
20. MUSCLE RELAXANTS (PERIPHERALLY-ACTING) AND CHOLINESTERASE

INHIBITORS
atracurium
Injection: 10mg/ mL (besylate).
page - 36
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
19thedition
neostigmine
Injection: 500microgramsin1mLampoule;2.5mg
(metilsulfate)in1mLampoule.
Tablet:15mg(bromide).
Injection: 50mg(chloride)/ mLin2mLampoule.
suxamethonium
Powderforinjection(chloride),invial.
vecuronium[c]
Powderforinjection:10mg(bromide)invial.
ComplementaryList
Injection:1mgin1mLampoule.
pyridostigmine
Tablet:60mg(bromide).
vecuronium
Powderforinjection:10mg(bromide)invial.
21. OPHTHALMOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS

21.1 Anti-infective agents
aciclovir
Ointment: 3%W/W.
azithromycin
Solution(eyedrops):1.5%.
gentamicin
Solution(eyedrops):0.3%(sulfate).
ofloxacin
Solution(eyedrops): 0.3%.
tetracycline
Eyeointment: 1%(hydrochloride).
21.2 Anti-inflammatory agents

prednisolone
Solution(eyedrops): 0.5%(sodiumphosphate).
21.3 Local anaesthetics

tetracainea
Solution(eyedrops): 0.5%(hydrochloride).
a
Not in preterm neonates.
21.4 Miotics and antiglaucoma medicines

acetazolamide
Tablet: 250mg.
latanoprost
Solution(eyedrops): latanoprost50micrograms/mL
pilocarpine
Solution(eyedrops): 2%;4%(hydrochloride or
nitrate).
timolol
Solution(eyedrops): 0.25%;0.5%(ashydrogen
maleate).
21.5 Mydriatics
Solution(eyedrops): 0.1%;0.5%;1%(sulfate).
atropine* a
*[c]Orhomatropine(hydrobromide)or
cyclopentolate(hydrochloride).
a
>3 months.
ComplementaryList
page - 37
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
19thedition
Solution(eyedrops):2%(ashydrochloride).
21.6 Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) preparations

ComplementaryList
bevacizumab
Injection:25mg/mL.
22. OXYTOCICS AND ANTIOXYTOCICS

22.1 Oxytocics
ergometrine
misoprostol
Injection: 200micrograms(hydrogenmaleate)in1
mLampoule.
Tablet: 200micrograms.
Managementofincompleteabortionand
miscarriage;
Preventionandtreatmentofpostpartum
haemorrhagewhereoxytocinisnotavailable
orcannotbesafelyused
Vaginaltablet:25micrograms.*
*Onlyforuseforinductionoflabourwhere
appropriatefacilitiesareavailable.
oxytocin
Injection: 10IUin1 mL.
ComplementaryList
mifepristone*misoprostol*
Wherepermittedundernationallawand
whereculturallyacceptable.
Tablet200mgtablet200micrograms.
*Requiresclosemedicalsupervision.
22.2 Antioxytocics (tocolytics)

nifedipine
Immediatereleasecapsule:10mg.
23. PERITONEAL DIALYSIS SOLUTION

ComplementaryList
intraperitonealdialysissolution
(ofappropriatecomposition)
Parenteralsolution.
24. MEDICINES FOR MENTAL AND BEHAVIOURAL DISORDERS

24.1 Medicines used in psychotic disorders
ampoule.
chlorpromazine
Oralliquid:25mg(hydrochloride)/5mL.
fluphenazine
Injection: 25mg(decanoateorenantate)in1 mL
ampoule.
page - 38
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
19thedition
haloperidol
Injection: 5mgin1 mL ampoule.

Tablet:2mg;5mg.
risperidone
Solidoraldosageform:0.25mgto6.0mg.
ComplementaryList
Injection:25mg(hydrochloride)/mLin2mLampoule.
chlorpromazine[c]
Oralliquid:25mg(hydrochloride)/5mL.
Tablet:10mg;25mg;50mg;100mg(hydrochloride).
clozapine
Solidoraldosageform:25to200mg.
Injection:5mgin1mLampoule.
haloperidol[c]
Oralliquid:2mg/mL.
Solidoraldosageform:0.5mg;2mg;5mg.
24.2 Medicines used in mood disorders

24.2.1 Medicines used in depressive disorders
amitriptyline
Tablet: 25mg;75mg. (hydrochloride).
fluoxetine
Solidoraldosageform: 20mg(ashydrochloride).
fluoxetinea
Solidoraldosageform:20mg(ashydrochloride).
a
>8 years.
24.2.2 Medicines used in bipolar disorders

carbamazepine
Tablet(scored): 100mg;200mg.
lithiumcarbonate
Tablet(entericcoated): 200mg;500mg(sodium
valproate).
24.3 Medicines for anxiety disorders

diazepam
Tablet(scored): 2mg;5mg.
24.4 Medicines used for obsessive compulsive disorders

clomipramine
Capsule: 10mg;25mg(hydrochloride).
24.5 Medicines for disorders due to psychoactive substance use

Chewinggum:2mg;4mg (aspolacrilex).
nicotinereplacementtherapy(NRT)
Transdermalpatch:5mgto30mg/16hrs;7mgto
21mg/24hrs.
ComplementaryList
page - 39
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
19thedition
Concentratefororalliquid:5mg/mL;10mg/mL
(hydrochloride).
methadone*
Oralliquid:5mg/5mL;10mg/5mL(hydrochloride).
*Thesquareboxisaddedtoincludebuprenorphine.The
medicinesshouldonlybeusedwithinanestablished
supportprogramme.
25. MEDICINES ACTING ON THE RESPIRATORY TRACT

25.1 Antiasthmatic and medicines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
beclometasone
Inhalation(aerosol): 50 micrograms(dipropionate)
perdose;100micrograms(dipropionate)perdose
(asCFCfreeforms).
budesonide[c]
Inhalation(aerosol): 100microgramsperdose;
200microgramsperdose.
Injection: 1mg(ashydrochlorideorhydrogen
tartrate)in
1mLampoule.
ipratropiumbromide
Inhalation(aerosol):20micrograms/metereddose.
Inhalation(aerosol): 100micrograms(assulfate)per
dose.
salbutamol
Injection: 50 micrograms (as sulfate)/ mL in 5 mL

ampoule.
Metereddoseinhaler(aerosol):100micrograms(as
sulfate)perdose.
Respirator solution for use in nebulizers: 5mg (as
sulfate)/mL.
26. SOLUTIONS CORRECTING WATER, ELECTROLYTE AND ACIDBASE

DISTURBANCES
26.1 Oral
oralrehydrationsalts
Seesection17.5.1.
potassiumchloride
Powderforsolution.
26.2 Parenteral
glucose
Injectablesolution: 5%(isotonic);10%(hypertonic);
50%(hypertonic).
Injectablesolution: 4%glucose,0.18%sodium
chloride
(equivalenttoNa+30mmol/L,Cl30mmol/L).
glucosewithsodiumchloride
Injectablesolution:5%glucose,0.9%sodium
chloride(equivalenttoNa+150mmol/LandCl
150mmol/L);5%glucose,0.45%sodiumchloride
(equivalenttoNa+75mmol/LandCl75mmol/L)
[c].
page - 40
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
19thedition
Solution: 11.2%in20 mL ampoule

(equivalenttoK+1.5mmol/mL,Cl1.5mmol/mL).
potassiumchloride
sodiumchloride
Solutionfordilution:7.5%(equivalenttoK1mmol/
mLandCl1mmol/mL)[c];15%(equivalenttoK2
mmol/mLandCl2mmol/mL)[c].
Injectablesolution: 0.9%isotonic(equivalenttoNa+
154mmol/L,Cl154mmol/L).
Injectablesolution:1.4%isotonic(equivalenttoNa+
167mmol/L,HCO3167mmol/L).
sodiumhydrogencarbonate
Solution:8.4%in10mLampoule(equivalentto
Na+1000mmol/L,HCO31000mmol/L).
sodiumlactate,compoundsolution
Injectablesolution.
26.3 Miscellaneous
waterforinjection
2mL;5mL;10mLampoules.
27. VITAMINS AND MINERALS

ascorbicacid
Tablet: 50mg.
calcium
Tablet:500mg(elemental).
Oralliquid: 400IU/ mL.
cholecalciferol*[c]
Solidoraldosageform:400IU;1000IU.
*Ergocalciferolcanbeusedasanalternative.
ergocalciferol
Oralliquid: 250micrograms/mL(10000IU/ mL).

Solidoraldosageform:1.25mg(50000IU).
Capsule: 200 mg.
iodine
Iodizedoil:1mL(480mgiodine);0.5mL(240mg
iodine)inampoule(oralorinjectable);0.57mL(308
mgiodine)indispenserbottle.
nicotinamide
Tablet: 50mg.
pyridoxine
Capsule: 50000IU;100 000IU;200000IU(as
palmitate).
retinol
Oraloilysolution:100000IU(aspalmitate)/mLin
multidosedispenser.
Tablet(sugarcoated):10000IU(aspalmitate).
Watermiscibleinjection:100000IU(aspalmitate)
in
2mLampoule.
riboflavin
Tablet: 5mg.
sodiumfluoride
Inanyappropriatetopicalformulation.
page - 41
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
19thedition
thiamine
ComplementaryList
calciumgluconate
28. EAR, NOSE AND THROAT MEDICINES [c]

aceticacid
Topical:2%,inalcohol.
budesonide
Nasalspray:100microgramsperdose.
ciprofloxacin
Topical:0.3%drops(ashydrochloride).
Nasalspray: 0.05%.
xylometazolinea
aNot in children less than 3 months.
29. SPECIFIC MEDICINES FOR NEONATAL CARE

29.1 Medicines administered to the neonate [c]
caffeinecitrate
Chlorhexidine
Injection: 20 mg/ mL (equivalent to 10mg caffeine

base/mL).
Oralliquid:20mg/mL(equivalentto10mgcaffeine
base/mL).
Solution or gel: 7.1% (digluconate) delivering 4%
chlorhexidine(forumbilicalcordcare)[c].
ComplementaryList
ibuprofen
Solutionforinjection:5mg/mL.
Solutionforinjection:
prostaglandinE
surfactant
ProstaglandinE1:0.5mg/mLinalcohol.
ProstaglandinE2:1mg/mL.
Suspension for intratracheal instillation: 25mg/mL
or80mg/mL.
29.2 Medicines administered to the mother

dexamethasone
Injection:4mg/ mL dexamethasonephosphate(as
disodiumsalt)
30. MEDICINES FOR DISEASES OF JOINTS

30.1 Medicines used to treat gout
allopurinol
Tablet: 100mg.
30.2 Disease-modifying agents used in rheumatoid disorders (DMARDs)

chloroquine
Tablet: 100mg;150mg(asphosphateorsulfate).
ComplementaryList
azathioprine
Tablet:50mg.
hydroxychloroquine[c]
Solidoraldosageform:200mg(assulfate).
methotrexate
Tablet:2.5mg(assodiumsalt).
page - 42
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
19thedition
penicillamine
sulfasalazine
Tablet:500mg.
30.3 Juvenile joint diseases

Suppository:50mgto150mg.
acetylsalicylicacid*(acuteor
chronicuse)
*Foruseforrheumaticfever,juvenilearthritis,Kawasakidisease.
page - 43
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
19thedition
Table 1.1: Medicines with age or weight restrictions

atazanavir
atropine
benzylbenzoate
betamethasonetopicalpreparations
cefazolin
ceftriaxone
darunavir
diloxanide
doxycycline
efavirenz
emtricitabine
fluoxetine
ibuprofen
mefloquine
metoclopramide
nevirapine
ondansetron
saquinavir
silversulfadiazine
tetracaine
trimethoprim
xylometazoline
>25kg
>3months
>2years
hydrocortisonepreferredinneonates
>1month
>41weekscorrectedgestationalage
>3years
>25kg
>8years(exceptforseriousinfectionse.g.cholera)
>3yearsor>10kg
>3months
>8years
>3months(exceptIVformforpatentductusarteriosus)
>5kgor>3months
Notinneonates
>6weeks
>1month
>25kg
>2months
Notinpretermneonates
>6months
>3months
page - 44
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
19thedition
Table 1.2: Explanation of dosage forms
A. Principal dosage forms used in EML oral administration
Term
Solidoraldosageform
Tablets
Tablets(qualified)
Definition
Referstotabletsorcapsulesorothersoliddosageformssuchasmelts
thatareimmediatereleasepreparations.Itimpliesthatthereisno
differenceinclinicalefficacyorsafetybetweentheavailabledosage
forms,andcountriesshouldthereforechoosetheform(s)tobelisted
dependingonqualityandavailability.
Thetermsolidoraldosageformisneverintendedtoallowanytypeof
modifiedreleasetablet.
Refersto:
uncoatedorcoated(filmcoatedorsugarcoated)tabletsthatare
intendedtobeswallowedwhole;
unscoredandscored*;
tabletsthatareintendedtobechewedbeforebeingswallowed;
tabletsthatareintendedtobedispersedordissolvedinwateror
anothersuitableliquidbeforebeingswallowed;
tabletsthatareintendedtobecrushedbeforebeingswallowed.
Thetermtabletwithoutqualificationisneverintendedtoallowany
typeofmodifiedreleasetablet.
Referstoaspecifictypeoftablet:
chewabletabletsthatareintendedtobechewedbeforebeing
swallowed;
dispersibletabletsthatareintendedtobedispersedinwateror
anothersuitableliquidbeforebeingswallowed;
solubletabletsthatareintendedtobedissolvedinwateroranother
suitableliquidbeforebeingswallowed;
crushabletabletsthatareintendedtobecrushedbeforebeing
swallowed;
scoredtabletsbearingabreakmarkormarkswheresubdivisionis
intendedinordertoprovidedosesoflessthanonetablet;
sublingualtabletsthatareintendedtobeplacedbeneaththetongue.
Thetermtabletisalwaysqualifiedwithanadditionalterm(in
parentheses)inentrieswhereoneofthefollowingtypesoftabletis
intended:gastroresistant(suchtabletsmaysometimesbedescribedas
entericcoatedorasdelayedrelease),prolongedreleaseoranother
modifiedreleaseform.
Scoredtabletsmaybedividedforeaseofswallowing,providedthatdoseisawholenumberof
tablets.
*
page - 45
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
19thedition
Term
Capsules
Capsules(qualified)
Granules
Oralpowder
Oralliquid
Definition
Referstohardorsoftcapsules.
Thetermcapsulewithoutqualificationisneverintendedtoallowany
typeofmodifiedreleasecapsule.
Thetermcapsulewithqualificationreferstogastroresistant(such
capsulesmaysometimesbedescribedasentericcoatedorasdelayed
release),prolongedreleaseoranothermodifiedreleaseform.
Preparationsthatareissuedtopatientasgranulestobeswallowed
withoutfurtherpreparation,tobechewed,ortobetakeninorwith
wateroranothersuitableliquid.
Thetermgranuleswithoutfurtherqualificationisneverintendedto
allowanytypeofmodifiedreleasegranules.
Preparationsthatareissuedtopatientaspowder(usuallyassingle
dose)tobetakeninorwithwateroranothersuitableliquid.
Liquidpreparationsintendedtobeswallowedi.e.oralsolutions,
suspensions,emulsionsandoraldrops,includingthoseconstitutedfrom
powdersorgranules,butnotthosepreparationsintendedfororomucosal
administratione.g.garglesandmouthwashes.
Oralliquidspresentedaspowdersorgranulesmayofferbenefitsinthe
formofbetterstabilityandlowertransportcosts.Ifmorethanonetype
oforalliquidisavailableonthesamemarket(e.g.solution,suspension,
granulesforreconstitution),theymaybeinterchangedandinsuchcases
shouldbebioequivalent.Itispreferablethatoralliquidsdonotcontain
sugarandthatsolutionsforchildrendonotcontainalcohol.
B. Principal dosage forms used in EMLc parenteral administration
Term
Injection
Injection(qualified)
Injection(oily)
Intravenousinfusion
Definition
Referstosolutions,suspensionsandemulsionsincludingthose
constitutedfrompowdersorconcentratedsolutions.
Routeofadministrationisindicatedinparentheseswhererelevant.
Theterm`injectionisqualifiedby`(oily)inrelevantentries.
Referstosolutionsandemulsionsincludingthoseconstitutedfrom
powdersorconcentratedsolutions.
page - 46
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
19thedition
C. Other dosage forms
Modeof
administration
Totheeye
Topical
Rectal
Vaginal
Inhalation
Termtobeused
Eyedrops,eyeointments.
Forliquids:lotions,paints.
Forsemisolids:cream,ointment.
Suppositories,gelorsolution.
Pessariesorvaginaltablets.
Powderforinhalation,pressurizedinhalation,nebulizer.
page - 47
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
19thedition
Index
abacavir (ABC)
abacavir + lamivudine
acetazolamide
acetic acid
acetylcysteine
acetylsalicylic acid
aciclovir
albendazole
alcohol based hand rub
allopurinol
all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)
amidotrizoate
amikacin
amiloride
amiodarone
amitriptyline
amlodipine
amodiaquine
amoxicillin
amoxicillin + clavulanic acid
amphotericin B
ampicillin
anti-D immunoglobulin
antitetanus immunoglobulin
antivenom immunoglobulin
artemether
artemether + lumefantrine
artesunate
artesunate + amodiaquine
artesunate + mefloquine
ascorbic acid
asparaginase
atazanavir
atracurium
atropine
azathioprine
azithromycin
barium sulfate
BCG vaccine
beclometasone
bedaquiline
bendamustine
benzathine benzylpenicillin
benznidazole
benzoyl peroxide
benzyl benzoate
benzylpenicillin
betamethasone
bevacizumab
bicalutamide
biperiden
bisoprolol
bleomycin
budesonide
bupivacaine
caffeine citrate
calamine
calcium
calcium folinate
calcium gluconate
capecitabine
capreomycin
carbamazepine
carboplatin
cefalexin
cefazolin
12
13
38
42
4
2, 18, 29, 43
12, 37
6
31
19, 43
19
30
11
31
28
2, 39
28
16
6
6
11, 15
6
26
27
35
16
16
16
16
16
41
19
13
37
1, 4, 38
19, 43
8, 37
30
36
40
11
19
7
18
30
30
7
30
38
24
25
27, 28, 29
19
40, 42
1
42
30
42
19
4, 42
19
11
5, 40
20
7
7
cefixime
cefotaxime
ceftazidime
ceftriaxone
charcoal, activated
chlorambucil
chloramphenicol
chlorhexidine
chlorine base compound
chloroquine
chloroxylenol
chlorpromazine
chlorpromazine
cholecalciferol
cholera vaccine
ciclosporin
ciprofloxacin
cisplatin
clarithromycin
clindamycin
clofazimine
clomifene
clomipramine
clopidogrel
clotrimazole
cloxacillin
clozapine
coagulation factor IX
coagulation factor VIII
coal tar
codeine
condoms
copper-containing device
cyclizine
cyclophosphamide
cycloserine
cytarabine
dacarbazine
daclatasvir
dactinomycin
dapsone
darunavir
dasabuvir
daunorubicin
deferoxamine
delamanid
desmopressin
dexamethasone
dextran 70
diaphragms
diazepam
diethylcarbamazine
digoxin
diloxanide
dimercaprol
diphtheria antitoxin
diphtheria vaccine
docetaxel
docusate sodium
dopamine
doxorubicin
doxycycline
efavirenz (EFV or EFZ)
efavirenz + emtricitabine + tenofovir
eflornithine
emtricitabine + tenofovir
7
7
7
7
4
20
8
31
31
16, 17, 43
31
39
39
42
37
19
8, 42
20
8
9
9
35
40
29
11
7
39
27
27
30
2
34
34
2
20
11
20
20
14
20
9
13
14
21
4, 26
11
26
2, 3, 24, 32, 43
27
34
3, 5, 40
6
27, 29
15
4
35
36
21
3
29
21
8, 16, 17
13
13
18
13
page - 48
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
19thedition
enalapril
28, 29
enoxaparin
25
entecavir
14
ephedrine
1
epinephrine (adrenaline)
3, 28, 38, 40
ergocalciferol
42
ergometrine
38
erythromycin
8
estradiol cypionate + medroxyprogesterone acetate
33
ethambutol
10
ethambutol + isoniazid
10
ethambutol + isoniazid + pyrazinamide + rifampicin
10
ethambutol + isoniazid + rifampicin
10
ethanol
31
ethinylestradiol + levonorgestrel
33
ethinylestradiol + norethisterone
33
ethionamide
11
ethosuximide
5
etonogestrel-releasing implant
34
etoposide
21
ferrous salt
25
ferrous salt + folic acid
25
filgrastim
22
fluconazole
11
flucytosine
11
fludarabine
21
fludrocortisone
33
fluorescein
30
fluorouracil
21, 30
fluoxetine
3, 39, 40
fluphenazine
39
folic acid
25
fomepizole
4
fresh frozen plasma
26
furosemide
29, 31
gemcitabine
22
gentamicin
9, 37
gliclazide
34
glucagon
34
glucose
41
glucose with sodium chloride
41
glutaral
31
glyceryl trinitrate
27
griseofulvin
11
Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine
36
haloperidol
3, 39
halothane
1
heparin sodium
25, 26
hepatitis A vaccine
37
hepatitis B vaccine
36
HPV vaccine
36
hydralazine
28
hydrochlorothiazide
28, 29, 31
hydrocortisone
3, 24, 30, 32, 33
hydroxocobalamin
25
hydroxycarbamide
22, 26
hydroxychloroquine
43
hyoscine butylbromide
3
hyoscine hydrobromide
3
ibuprofen
2, 18, 43
ifosfamide
22
imatinib
22
imipenem + cilastatin
8
influenza vaccine
37
insulin injection (soluble)
34
intermediate-acting insulin
34
intraperitoneal dialysis solution (of appropriate composition)
39
iodine
iohexol
ipratropium bromide
irinotecan
isoflurane
isoniazid
isoniazid + pyrazinamide + rifampicin
isoniazid + rifampicin
isosorbide dinitrate
ivermectin
Japanese encephalitis vaccine
kanamycin
ketamine
lactulose
lamivudine (3TC)
lamivudine + nevirapine + stavudine
lamivudine + nevirapine + zidovudine
lamivudine + zidovudine
latanoprost)
ledipasvir + sofosbuvir
leuprorelin
levamisole
levodopa + carbidopa
levofloxacin
levonorgestrel
levonorgestrel-releasing implant
levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system
levothyroxine
lidocaine
lidocaine + epinephrine (adrenaline)
linezolid
lithium carbonate
loperamide
lopinavir + ritonavir (LPV/r)
loratadine
lorazepam
Lugol's solution
magnesium sulfate
mannitol
measles vaccine
mebendazole
medroxyprogesterone acetate
mefloquine
meglumine iotroxate
melarsoprol
meningococcal meningitis vaccine
mercaptopurine
mesna
metformin
methadone
methotrexate
methyldopa
methylprednisolone
methylthioninium chloride (methylene blue)
metoclopramide
metronidazole
miconazole
midazolam
mifepristone
miltefosine
misoprostol
morphine
mumps vaccine
mupirocin
naloxone
neostigmine
nevirapine (NVP)
niclosamide
42
30
40
22
1
10
10
10
27
6
36
11
1
3
12
13
13
14
38
15
24
6
25
11
33
34
34
35
1, 28
1
11
40
3
13
4
5
35
5
31
36
6
34, 35
17
31
18
37
22
22
34
40
23, 43
28
24
4
32
9, 15
29
1, 3, 5
39
15
38, 39
1, 2
37
30
4
37
13
6
page - 49
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
19thedition
nicotinamide
42
nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)
40
nifedipine
39
nifurtimox
18
nitrofurantoin
9
nitrous oxide
1
norethisterone enantate
34
normal immunoglobulin
27
nystatin
12
ofloxacin
37
ombitasvir + paritaprevir + ritonavir
15
omeprazole
32
ondansetron
3, 32
oral rehydration salts
33, 41
oseltamivir
14
oxaliplatin
23
oxamniquine
6
oxygen
1
oxytocin
38
packed red blood cells
26
paclitaxel
23
p-aminosalicylic acid
11
pancreatic enzymes
31
paracetamol
2, 18
paromomycin
15
pegylated interferon alfa 2a
15
penicillamine
4, 43
pentamidine
17, 18
permethrin
30
pertussis vaccine
36
phenobarbital
5
phenoxymethylpenicillin
7
phenytoin
5
phytomenadione
26
pilocarpine
38
platelet concentrates
26
pneumococcal vaccine
36
podophyllum resin
30
poliomyelitis vaccine
36
potassium chloride
41
potassium ferric hexacyano-ferrate(II) -2H20 (Prussian blue)4
potassium iodide
12, 35
potassium permanganate
30
povidone iodine
31
praziquantel
6
prednisolone
4, 25, 38
primaquine
17
procaine benzylpenicillin
7
procarbazine
23
progesterone vaginal ring
34
proguanil
17
propofol
1
propranolol
18
propylthiouracil
35
prostaglandin E
43
protamine sulfate
26
pyrantel
6
pyrazinamide
10
pyridostigmine
37
pyridoxine
42
pyrimethamine
17
quinine
17
rabies immunoglobulin
26
rabies vaccine
37
ranitidine
32
retinol
42
ribavirin
14, 15
riboflavin
42
rifabutin
rifampicin
rifapentine
risperidone
ritonavir
rituximab
rotavirus vaccine
rubella vaccine
salbutamol
salicylic acid
saquinavir (SQV)
selenium sulfide
senna
silver sulfadiazine
simeprevir
simvastatin
sodium calcium edetate
sodium chloride
sodium fluoride
sodium hydrogen carbonate
sodium lactate
sodium nitrite
sodium nitroprusside
sodium stibogluconate or meglumine antimoniate
sodium thiosulfate
sofosbuvir
spectinomycin
spironolactone
stavudine (d4T)
streptokinase
streptomycin
succimer
sulfadiazine
sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine
sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim
sulfasalazine
suramin sodium
surfactant
suxamethonium
tamoxifen
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
terbinafine
testosterone
tetanus vaccine
tetracaine
tetracycline
thiamine
thioguanine
tick-borne encephalitis vaccine
timolol
tranexamic acid
trastuzumab
triclabendazole
trimethoprim
tropicamide
tuberculin, purified protein derivative (PPD)
typhoid vaccine
urea
valganciclovir
valproic acid (sodium valproate)
vancomycin
varicella vaccine
vecuronium
verapamil
vinblastine
vincristine
vinorelbine
warfarin
10
9, 10
10
39
13
23
36
36
41
30
13
29
3, 32
30
14
29
4
41
42
41
41
4
28
15
4, 29
14
9
29, 31
12
29
10, 11
4
17
17
9, 17
32, 43
18
43
37
25
12, 14
29
33
36
38
37
42
23
36
38
26
23
6
9
30
35
37
30
14
5, 40
9
37
37
27, 28
23
24
24
26
page - 50
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
water for injection

whole blood
xylometazoline
19thedition
41
26
42
yellow fever vaccine

zidovudine (ZDV or AZT)
zinc sulfate
36
12
33
page - 51

2015 Who Model List of Essential Medicines

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2015 Who Model List of Essential Medicines

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Annex1

1.1.2 Injectable medicines

Injection:50 mg(ashydrochloride)/ mLin10mLvial.

1.2 Local anaesthetics

Injection: 1mg(sulfate)in1 mL ampoule.

Injection: 10mg(sulfate orhydrochloride)in1mLampoule.

19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (April 2015)

2. MEDICINES FOR PAIN AND PALLIATIVE CARE

Not in children less than 3 months.

Oralliquid: 125mg/5 mL.

2.2 Opioid analgesics

2.3 Medicines for other common symptoms in palliative care

19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (April 2015)

Injection: 5mgin1 mL ampoule.

3. ANTIALLERGICS AND MEDICINES USED IN ANAPHYLAXIS

Injection:4mg/ mL in1 mLampoule(asdisodium

19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (April 2015)

Oralliquid: 5 mg/ mL [c].

4. ANTIDOTES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES USED IN POISONINGS

Injection: 100mg/ mL in10mLampoule.

Injection: 30mg/ mL in10 mLampoule.

Injection: 250mg/ mL in50mLampoule.

Gelorrectalsolution:5 mg/mLin0.5mL;2 mL; 4

19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (April 2015)

19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (April 2015)

6.1.3 Antischistosomals and other antitrematode medicines

Oralliquid: 125 mgamoxicillin+31.25mg

Powderforinjection: 900 mgbenzylpenicillin

19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (April 2015)

Capsule: 400mg (astrihydrate).

>41 weeks corrected gestational age.

19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (April 2015)

6.2.2 Other antibacterials

19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (April 2015)

Oralliquid: 25 mg/5 mL [c].

6.2.3 Antileprosy medicines

6.2.4 Antituberculosis medicines

19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (April 2015)

Oralliquid: 25 mg/ mL [c].

19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (April 2015)

6.3 Antifungal medicines

19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (April 2015)

6.4 Antiviral medicines

6.4.2.2 Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

>3 years or >10 kg weight.

Oralliquid: 50mg/5 mL.

Tablet: 200mg+300mg (disoproxilfumarate

6.4.3 Other antivirals

19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (April 2015)

6.4.4 Antihepatitis medicines

6.4.4.2 Medicines for hepatitis C

6.4.4.2.2 Protease inhibitors

6.4.4.2.3 NS5A inhibitors

6.4.4.2.4 Non-nucleoside polymerase inhibitors

6.4.4.2.5 Other antivirals

19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (April 2015)

6.5 Antiprotozoal medicines

Injection: 500mgin100 mLvial.

6.5.2 Antileishmaniasis medicines

19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (April 2015)

19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (April 2015)

Injection: 300mgquininehydrochloride/mL in2

Solidoral dosageform: 100mg(ashydrochloride or

>5 kg or >3 months.