2012 International Conference on Computing, Electronics and Electrical Technologies [ICCEET]

Generalized UPQC system with an improved

Control Method under Distorted and
Unbalanced Load Conditions.
A.Jeraldine Viji\Dr.M.Sudhakaran2
Asst.Professor,Research scholar!, MEC,JNTU,Associate pro-f,PEC
Unified power quality control was widely studied
by many researchers as an eventual method to
improve power quality of electrical distribution
system [1-3]. The function of unified power quality
conditioner is to compensate supply voltage
flicker/imbalance, reactive power, negative
sequence current, and harmonics.
In other words, the UPQC has the capability of
improving power quality at the point of installation
on power distribution systems or industrial power
systems. Therefore, the UPQC is expected to be
one of the most powerful solutions to large
capacity loads sensitive to supply voltage
flicker/imbalance [2]. TheUPQC consisting of the
combination of a series active power filter (APF)
and shunt APF can also compensate the voltage
interruption if it has some energy storage or battery
in the dc link [3]. The shunt APF is usually
connected across the loads to compensate for all
current-related problems such as the reactive power
compensation, power factor improvement, current
harmonic, compensation, and load unbalance
compensation (3,4)whereas the series APF is
connected in a series with the line through series
transformers. It acts as controlled voltage source
and can compensate all voltage related problems,
such as voltage harmonics, voltage sag, voltage
swell, flicker, etc.

Abstract- Power quality has become an important

factor in power systems, for consumer and household
appliances with proliferation of various electric and
electronic

equipment

and

computer

systems.

The

main causes of a poor power quality are harmonic

currents,

poor

power

factor,

supply-voltage

variations, etc. A technique of achieving both active

current

distortion

correction

and also

compensation,

power

mitigating

supply-voltage

the

factor

variation at the load side, is compensated by unique

device of UPQC presented in this paper and this
paper

presents

modified

synchronous-reference

frame (SRF)-based control method to

filter

and instantaneous

PQ

(IPQ)

Shunt active
theory

based

control technique for series active filter to compensate

power-quality (PQ) problems through a three-phase
four-wire

unified

unbalanced
proposed

and

UPQC

PQ

conditioner

distorted
system

load

can

(UPQC)

under

conditions.

improve

the

The

power

quality at the point of common coupling on power

distribution systems under unbalanced and distorted
load conditions.

The simulation results based on

Matlab/Simulink are discussed in detail in this paper.

Index Terms -Active power filter (APF), harmonics,

modified phase locked loop (MPLL), power quality
(PQ), synchronous reference frame (SRF), unified
power-quality (PQ) conditioner (UPQC).

I INTRODUCTION

The modem power distribution system is becoming

highly vulnerable to the different power quality
problems [1-2]. The extensive use of non-linear
loads is further contributing to increased current
and voltage harmonics issues. Furthermore, the
penetration level of small/large-scale renewable
energy systems based on wind energy, solar
energy, fuel cell, etc., installed at distribution as
well as transmission levels is increasing
significantly.

The proposed control technique has been evaluated

and tested under non-ideal mains voltage and
unbalanced load conditions using Matlab/Simulink
software. The proposed method is also validated
through experimental study. The following diagram
shows the generalizedUPQC system
iC.

i:>.,

rv

r.J',, +

il.

rL".;

.J

pce

A. Jeraldine viji is a Research Scholar in JNTUK, Andra

Pradesh. and currently
Engineering

college,.

working Asst.Professor
E-mail:

in

Mailam

jeraldrovan@gmail..com.

Dr.M.Sudhakaran is working as a prof in Pondicherry Engg

Voltage

college,E-mail: sudhakaran@pec.edu

Fig-I Generalized Diagram ofUPQC system

978-1-4673-0210-4112/$31.00 2012 IEEE

193

'

2012 International Conference on Computing, Electronics and Electrical Technologies [ICCEET]

equation (1), supply voltages VSabc are transformed

to d-q-O coordinates.

II. UPQC CONTROL ALGORITHM

71 ;

,=
4

-1

-1
1

-1

r'

Vs!l
n(t) n(cut - )
n(cut+ )
a
a

CilOJtt ; ) v.
CQOJt) CilOJt - )
a

(1)
DVR

ContmJCf

$\I'dlddtUion

. .. Rei'ertnc\'ollage gmtr.lioo.
Gate,ignjgenaanon

The voltage in d axes (VSd) given in (2) consists of

Average and oscillating components of source
voltages (VSd and VSd ) . The average voltage VSd is
calculated by using second order LPF (low pass
filter).

APF

Centrdla.:

H.aJTnonu:c:'iIr1ion
GalesigM generation
ReJCti\'i:powercalru3tion'

Fig-2 control Diagram ofUPQC system

(2)

TheUPQC consists of two voltage source inverters

Connected back to back with each of them sharing
a common dc link. Fig-2 shows the control diagram
of Upqc system. One inverter work as a variable
voltage source is called series APF, and the other
as a variable current source in called shunt
APF.The main aim of the series APF is harmonic
isolation between load and Supply; it has the
capability
of
voltage
flicker/
imbalance
compensation as well as voltage regulation and
harmonic compensation at the utility-consumer
PCC. The shunt APF is used to absorb current
harmonics, compensate for reactive power and
negative-sequence current, and regulate the dc link
voltage between both APFs. The proposed UPQC
control
algorithm
block
diagram
in
Matlab/Simulink simulation software is shown in
Fig. 2.

A.

The load side reference voltages V l'!< 12bc are

calculated as given in equation (3). The switching

signals are assessed by comparing reference
voltagesV Lb c and the load voltages (VLabc ) via
sinusoidal PWM controller.

(3)
The three-phase load reference voltages are
compared with load line voltages and errors are
then processed by sinusoidal PWM controller to
generate the required switching signals for series
APF switches.

Reference Voltage Signal Generation for Series

APF

B.

Reference Current Signal Generation for Shunt

APF

.. ---1r-.---+i
.. ----jf-H--H

===-----
--------

Fig-4 control diagram of Shunt Active Filter

--------

Fig-3 control diagram of Series Active Filter

The above figure shows the control diagram of

shunt active filter. The shunt active filter
compensates the current harmonics and reactive
power generated by the nonlinear load.
The
instantaneous active power (p-q) theory is used to

The series APF control algorithm calculates the

reference value to be injected by the series APF
transformers, comparing the positive-sequence
component with the load side line voltages. In

194

2012 International Conference on Computing, Electronics and Electrical Technologies [ICCEET]

in the load. These reference source current signals

are then compared with sensed three-phase source
currents, and the errors are processed by hysteresis
band PWM controller to generate the required
switching signals for the shunt APF Switches [6].

control of shunt APF in real time. In this theory,

the instantaneous three-phase currents and voltages
are transformed to a-p-O coordinates as shown in
equation (4) and (5).
l.

v,
t]

[t l .:l

[' !!] l
"1

l.J

ft

III. SIMULA TOIN RESULTS

'
a

(4)

Fig

'

'\ a

"'/,

(5)

The source side instantaneous real and imaginary

power components are calculated by using source
currents
and
phase-neutral
voltages.
The
instantaneous real and imaginary powers include
both oscillating and average components as shown
in (7). Average components of p and q consist of
positive sequence components (p andq)of source
current. The oscillating components (p and q) of p
and q include harmonic and negative sequence
components of source currents [4]. In order to
reduce neutral current, p is calculated by using
average and oscillating components of imaginary
power and oscillating component of the real power;
as given in (8) if both harmonic and reactive power
compensation is required. i*sa i *s, i*so are the
reference currents of shunt APF in a-p-O
coordinates. These currents are transformed to
three-phase system as shown in (9).

Fig-5 Simulink diagram of Series Active Filter

In this study, a new control algorithm for the
UPQC is evaluated by using simulation results
given in Matlab/Simulink software. The simulated
UPQC system parameters are given in Table 1. In
simulation studies, the results are specified before
and after UPQC system are operated. Before
harmonic compensation, the THD of the supply
current is 26.23% and after is 0.5%.Similally
voltage harmonic is 24.6% before compensation
and after is 0.3%.

"

(6)
p=p+ P

(7)

Fig-6 Overall simulink diagram of proposedUPQC

system

(8)
1

@
1.
1.

"Il

Parameters

ro]

' jC

Oi""

..p

Value

Source
Voltage
Frequency

(9)

VSabc

380 Vnn,
50 Hz

Load
LLabc

3 mH

LCabo

4 mH

Filter Capacitor

CCabo

10 "F

Switching Frequency

fp",m

10 kHz

3-Phase ac Line Inductance

S h u n t APF
Ac Line Inductance

60

Filter Resistor RCabc

The reference currents are calculated in order to

compensate neutral, harmonic and reactive currents

Series APF

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2012 International Conference on Computing, Electronics and Electrical Technologies [ICCEET]

ac Line Inductance

LTabc

2 mH

Filter Resistor

RTabc

60

Filter Capacitor

CTabc

20 "F

Switching Frequency

fpwm

15 kHz

200 ..

The proposed UPQC control algorithm has ability

to compensate both harmonics and reactive power
of the load and neutral current is also eliminated.
The proposed control technique has been evaluated
and tested under dynamical and steady-state load
conditions.
Fig-10 Three phase compensating current

100

Fig-7. Three
compensation

phase

source

current

,;!

before

0 r r r' r' 1l r' f

,
-3lO

-8lO

...

0.01

0.112 0.111 O.IM 0.00 O.IE 0.07 0.111 0.111

Tme(5)

0.1

Fig-II. Three phase load current

Fig-7. Three
compensation

phase

source

voltage

before

_(6IlIz)'6!.1IIFO.51\

i
,

>

100

200

300

400
500
fr!<!l"'Y(Hz)

600

700

8110

900

18110

Fig-12. THD of the source current

Fig-8 Supply voltage after adding upqc system

IV. CONCLUSION

The proposed control strategy use only minimum

measurement like loads and mains voltage
measurements for series APF based on the
modified PLL with synchronous reference frame
theory. The instantaneous reactive power theory is
used for shunt APF control algorithm by measuring
mains voltage, currents and capacitor voltage. But
the conventional methods require measurements of
the load, source and filter voltages and currents.
The simulation results show that, when unbalanced
and Nonlinear load current or unbalanced and
distorted mains voltage conditions, the above
control algorithms eliminate the impact of
distortion and unbalance of load current on the
power line, making the power factor unity.
Meanwhile, the Series APF isolates the loads

Fig-9 .Supply current after adding upqc system

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2012 International Conference on Computing, Electronics and Electrical Technologies [ICCEET]

voltages and source voltage, the shunt APF

provides three-phase balanced and rated currents
for the loads.
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