S8 TIGER Operators Manual DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 Complete

Bruker AXS GmbH
S8 TIGER
Operator's Manual
think forward
XRF
The reproduction, transmission or use of this document or its contents is not permitted without express written
authority. Offenders will be liable for damages. All rights reserved.
We have checked the contents of this manual for agreement with the hardware and software described. Since
deviations cannot be precluded entirely, we cannot guarantee full agreement. However, the data in this manual are
reviewed regularly and any necessary corrections are included in subsequent editions. Suggestions for improvement
are welcome.
All configurations and specifications are subject to change without notice.
Order no. DOC-M80-EXX032 V3. Updated: November 30, 2009.
2007 - 2009 Bruker AXS GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany.
All trademarks and registered trademarks are the sole property of their respective owners.
Printed in the Federal Republic of Germany.
Bruker AXS GmbH

stliche Rheinbrckenstr. 49
76187 Karlsruhe, Germany
Tel. +49 (7 21) 5 95-28 88
Fax +49 (7 21) 5 95-45 87
info@bruker-axs.de
www.bruker-axs.com
S8 TIGER
X-Ray Spectrometer
Operators Manual
Contents
S8 TIGER Operators Manual
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
S8 TIGER X-ray Spectrometer

Table of Contents
1
Safety Guidelines .............................................................................................1-1

Warning Symbols ........................................................................................................................ 1-1
Qualified Personnel .................................................................................................................... 1-3
Correct Usage.............................................................................................................................. 1-3
General Safety Precautions of the S8 TIGER ........................................................................... 1-5
Biological Effects ...................................................................................................................... 1-12
Mechanisms of Damage ...................................................................................................... 1-12
Tissue Sensitivity ................................................................................................................. 1-12
Prompt and Delayed Effects ................................................................................................ 1-13
Delayed Effects of Radiation Exposure ............................................................................... 1-14
General Physical Principles ............................................................................2-1

Production of X-rays ................................................................................................................... 2-1
Continuous Spectrum ............................................................................................................ 2-2
Characteristic Spectrum......................................................................................................... 2-3
The Bragg Equation .................................................................................................................... 2-6
Scintillation counter.................................................................................................................... 2-8
Proportional counter................................................................................................................... 2-8
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Contents
Introduction to the Instrument........................................................................ 3-1

Overview of this Manual ............................................................................................................. 3-1
Overview of the Product ............................................................................................................. 3-2
Overview of the Operation Principle ......................................................................................... 3-3
Instrument Components ............................................................................................................. 3-8
Illuminated Status Display.................................................................................................... 3-15
LED Guide..................................................................................................................... 3-15
Measurement Execution Basics of the S8 TIGER .................................................................. 3-16
Flow Chart Showing Standard Operation............................................................................. 3-19
Network Configuration.............................................................................................................. 3-21
Use of an External PC.......................................................................................................... 3-22
Switching the Instrument On and Off............................................................. 4-1

Switching On Auto Start Up of the S8 TIGER........................................................................ 4-1
Switching Off Power-off Procedure........................................................................................ 4-6
Switching Off Using TouchControlTM ...................................................................................... 4-6
Switching Off Without UsingTouchControlTM.......................................................................... 4-8
TouchControl Operation.............................................................................. 5-1

5.1
5.2
Introduction ................................................................................................................... 5-1

TouchControl User Interface.................................................................................... 5-1
5.2.1
TouchControl Controls ......................................................................................... 5-2
5.2.2
Logging into TouchControl ................................................................................... 5-6
5.2.3
TouchControl Main Screens................................................................................. 5-8
5.2.4
Loader Screen ......................................................................................................... 5-8
5.2.5
Results Screen....................................................................................................... 5-10
5.2.6
Status Screen ........................................................................................................ 5-11
5.2.7
Tools Screen.......................................................................................................... 5-12
5.3
Results Database ........................................................................................................ 5-13
5.3.1
Advanced Search................................................................................................... 5-14
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DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Contents
5.3.2
Sorting and Printing Results .................................................................................. 5-15
5.3.2
Invalidating Results................................................................................................ 5-15
5.4
Status ........................................................................................................................... 5-16
5.4.1
Schedule................................................................................................................ 5-18
5.5
Tools ............................................................................................................................ 5-19
5.5.1
Appearance ........................................................................................................... 5-19
5.5.2
Measure................................................................................................................. 5-20
5.5.3
Options .................................................................................................................. 5-21
5.5.4
User Editor............................................................................................................. 5-23
5.5.5
S8Tools.................................................................................................................. 5-26
5.5.6
Help & About.......................................................................................................... 5-28
5.6
Alarms.......................................................................................................................... 5-29
Operating the S8 TIGER...................................................................................6-1

Measuring Samples with QUANT-EXPRESS ............................................................................ 6-1
Sample Preparation ............................................................................................................... 6-2
Basic Operation without Touchscreen ..................................................................................... 6-3
Basic Operation with TouchControlTM ...................................................................................... 6-3
Routine Check........................................................................................................................ 6-3
Instrument Performance Verification S8 CHECK ........................................................ 6-4
Verification of the Installation of QUANT-EXPRESS QE CHECK............................... 6-6
Performing a Measurement with QUANT-EXPRESS ............................................................ 6-9
Step 1: Sample I.D........................................................................................................ 6-10
Step 2: Material............................................................................................................. 6-12
Step 3: Preparation....................................................................................................... 6-14
Step 4: Mode................................................................................................................. 6-16
Step 5: Diameter ........................................................................................................... 6-18
Step 6: Measurement Method ...................................................................................... 6-20
Starting the Measurement ............................................................................................ 6-22
Viewing and Printing the Results .................................................................................. 6-24
User Calibrations with SPECTRAplus ....................................................................................... 6-26
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
iii
Contents
Servicing and Maintaining the Spectrometer System .................................. 7-1

Cleaning the Spectrometer System........................................................................................... 7-1
Handling the STG Samples ........................................................................................................ 7-2
Refilling the Deionized Water of the Internal Cooling Unit ..................................................... 7-3
Important Safety Instructions ................................................................................................. 7-3
How to Check the Water Level?............................................................................................. 7-5
Refilling the Cooling Water..................................................................................................... 7-7
Changing the P10 Detector Gas............................................................................................... 7-12
Reason ................................................................................................................................. 7-12
Changing the Tank ............................................................................................................... 7-12
Checking the HV-Alignment ................................................................................................. 7-20
S8 TIGER...................................................................................................................... 7-20
Checking User Specific Calibrations .................................................................................... 7-22
Checking the S8 TIGER and QUANT-EXPRESS with S8 CHECK and QE CHECK .......... 7-23
Recalibration- Drift Correction.............................................................................................. 7-25
Consumables ............................................................................................................................. 7-26
Maintenance Parts Package S8 TIGER Order Number A15D103/A15D113 ..................... 7-26
Time Intervals for Preventive Maintenance.......................................................................... 7-27
Service Contracts ...................................................................................................................... 7-27
Troubleshooting the System........................................................................... 8-1

1. Using the First Aid Button on the Touchscreen .................................................................. 8-1
2. Calling the Bruker AXS Hotline.............................................................................................. 8-3
2.1 Participating in a WebEx Session .................................................................................... 8-3
Connecting to WebEx ..................................................................................................... 8-3
Joining a WebEx Session ............................................................................................... 8-6
Desktop Sharing and File Transfers ............................................................................. 8-11
Leaving the Session...................................................................................................... 8-12
2.2 Using Spectra Mail ......................................................................................................... 8-13
Aim ................................................................................................................................ 8-13
Starting Spectra Mail..................................................................................................... 8-13
Creating a Spectra Mail File.......................................................................................... 8-13
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Contents
Reference: List of Menus in Spectra Mail..................................................................... 8-16

3. Trouble Shooting Flowchart ................................................................................................ 8-17
Overview S8 TIGER Solutions.........................................................................9-1

PETRO-QUANT Version 2.0 or Higher ...................................................................................... 9-1
PETRO-QUANT BASIC for the S8 TIGER
The XRF Solution for the Petrochemical Industry.................................................................. 9-1
GEO-QUANT Version 1.3.1 or Higher........................................................................................ 9-3
GEO-QUANT for the S8 TIGER Advanced Geological Trace Element Analysis by XRF .. 9-3
CEMENT-QUANT ......................................................................................................................... 9-5
CEMENT-QUANT for the S8 TIGER The XRF Solution for the Cement Industry.............. 9-5
MLplus ............................................................................................................................................ 9-7
MLplus Multilayer and Thin Film Software ............................................................................... 9-7
QUANT-EXPRESS ....................................................................................................................... 9-8
Standardless Analysis Package............................................................................................. 9-8
10 S8 TIGER Parts ...............................................................................................10-1

Spare Parts Packages S8 TIGER ............................................................................................. 10-1
Basic Spare Parts Package for S8 TIGER 1kW Order Number A15D100 .......................... 10-1
Basic Spare Parts Package for S8 TIGER 3/4kW Order Number A15D110....................... 10-4
Extension Spare Parts Package S8 TIGER 3/4kW Order Number A15D111 ..................... 10-7
Optional Parts S8 TIGER .......................................................................................................... 10-8
Sample Holders.................................................................................................................... 10-8
Sample Holder Masks and Accessories .............................................................................. 10-9
Collimators, Masks and Crystals........................................................................................ 10-11
Accessories for Liquid Samples......................................................................................... 10-12
Reference, Calibration and Samples ................................................................................. 10-14
Spare Parts, Application Support, Training Courses ......................................................... 10-14
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Contents
11 S8 TIGER Specifications ............................................................................... 11-1

Analytical Performance ............................................................................................................ 11-1
Instrument Specification .......................................................................................................... 11-2
Certified Compliance................................................................................................................. 11-5
Electrical Specification ............................................................................................................. 11-6
High-voltage Generator................................................................................................. 11-7
X-ray Tubes ................................................................................................................................ 11-8
Laboratory Requirements......................................................................................................... 11-9
S8 TIGER Mechanical Specifications .................................................................................. 11-9
Environmental Specifications ............................................................................................... 11-9
Gas Consumption............................................................................................................... 11-10
Helium/Nitrogen Operation ......................................................................................... 11-10
Accessories ............................................................................................................................. 11-10
UPS for the S8 TIGER ....................................................................................................... 11-11
Water Chiller for the S8 TIGER (3kW or 4kW only) ........................................................... 11-13
12 References ..................................................................................................... 12-1

List of Available XRF and S8 Documentation ........................................................................ 12-1
13 Index ............................................................................................................... 13-1
14 Fold-out Periodic Table ................................................................................. 14-1
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DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Contents
Figures
Fig. 2-1:
Fig. 2-2:
Fig. 2-3:
Fig. 2-4:
Fig. 2-5:
Fig. 2-6:
Fig. 3-1:
Fig. 3-2:
Fig. 3-3:
Fig. 3-4:
Fig. 3-5:
Fig. 3-6:
Fig. 3-7:
Fig. 3-8:
Fig. 3-9:
Fig. 3-10:
Fig. 3-11:
Fig. 3-12:
Fig. 4-1:
Fig. 4-2:
Fig. 4-3:
Fig. 4-4:
Fig. 4-5:
Fig. 4-6:
Fig. 4-7:
Schematic diagram of an X-ray tube. ................................................................................................ 2-1

Production of continuous (white) radiation. ....................................................................................... 2-2
Production of characteristic radiation simplified representation...................................................... 2-3
Subshells and their transferred electrons. ......................................................................................... 2-4
Spectrum of an X-ray tube. ............................................................................................................... 2-5
Fulfillment of the Bragg equation....................................................................................................... 2-6
S8 TIGER with EasyLoad and TouchControl............................................................................... 3-4
X-ray beam path of the S8 TIGER. ................................................................................................... 3-5
Overview of the typical elemental range for the three standard analyzer crystals. For a more
detailed periodic table, please, consult the appendix. ....................................................................... 3-6
Front view of the S8 TIGER. ............................................................................................................. 3-9
Inside the loader (sample magazine). ............................................................................................. 3-10
View on the instrument after removing the front and the right side panel with several
components labelled. ...................................................................................................................... 3-11
View on the instrument after removing the front and the left side panel with several
components labelled. ...................................................................................................................... 3-12
View on the 3 or 4kW version after removing the back and the left (viewed from front) side
panel with several components labelled.......................................................................................... 3-13
View on the 3 or 4 kW version after removing the back and the right (viewed from front) side
panel with several components labelled.......................................................................................... 3-14
Status display.................................................................................................................................. 3-15
Flow chart showing standard operation........................................................................................... 3-20
S8 TIGER SPECTRAplus PC network connection. ........................................................................ 3-21
Settings in System Configuration for the auto start up procedure. .................................................... 4-2
Control panel..................................................................................................................................... 4-3
Status display.................................................................................................................................... 4-3
Login screen of S8 TouchControl (see Step 12) ............................................................................... 4-5
Shutdown. ......................................................................................................................................... 4-7
Confirm the shutdown. ...................................................................................................................... 4-7
S8 Tools Connect button................................................................................................................... 4-8
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
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Contents
Fig. 4-8:
Fig. 5-1:
Fig. 5-2:
Control panel ..................................................................................................................................... 4-9

To log-in to the S8 TIGER you will need to enter your username and password .............................. 5-7
The Loader screen will display the Application Chooser when an empty position is selected on
the Sample Magazine........................................................................................................................ 5-9
The Results screen allows access to all stored results on the S8 TIGER. ...................................... 5-10
The Status screen displays the current status of the machine. ....................................................... 5-11
The Tools screen contains pages to change settings and information. ........................................... 5-12
Completed samples show results which can be printed. ................................................................. 5-13
Advanced Search options................................................................................................................ 5-14
Search Options................................................................................................................................ 5-15
A confirmation is required to invalidate a sample. ........................................................................... 5-16
The Status screen shows the current status of the machine. .......................................................... 5-17
The Schedule page shows are samples in the measurement queue. ............................................. 5-18
The Appearance page contains options that affect the appearance of the Loader screen. ............. 5-19
The Measure page contains options that affect the measurement. ................................................. 5-20
The Options page contains options that affect the settings. ............................................................ 5-21
Add an application to the Shortcuts ................................................................................................. 5-22
The User editor page is used to add a new user or change the privileges of an existing user. ....... 5-23
Adding a new user........................................................................................................................... 5-24
Users can have various privileges which are shown above............................................................. 5-25
S8Tools allow the operator to insert a manual mask and diagnose................................................. 5-26
Mask change. Simply select the required mask change above. ...................................................... 5-27
The About page contains version information and contact details................................................... 5-28
An Alarm message. In this example a generator error is reported. ................................................. 5-29
Loader screen S8 CHECK................................................................................................................. 6-4
Results check for the instrument performance verification S8 CHECK. ............................................ 6-5
Loader screen QE CHECK................................................................................................................ 6-7
Results check for the QE CHECK measurement............................................................................... 6-8
Loader screen select QUANT-EXPRESS........................................................................................6-10
Enter sample ID............................................................................................................................... 6-11
Sample materials............................................................................................................................. 6-13
Selection of the sample preparation. ............................................................................................... 6-15
Fig. 5-3:
Fig. 5-4:
Fig. 5-5:
Fig. 5-6:
Fig. 5-7:
Fig. 5-8:
Fig. 5-9:
Fig. 5-10:
Fig. 5-11:
Fig. 5-12:
Fig. 5-13:
Fig. 5-14:
Fig. 5-15:
Fig. 5-16:
Fig. 5-17:
Fig. 5-18:
Fig. 5-19:
Fig. 5-20:
Fig. 5-21:
Fig. 5-22:
Fig. 6-1:
Fig. 6-2:
Fig. 6-3:
Fig. 6-4:
Fig. 6-5:
Fig. 6-6:
Fig. 6-7:
Fig. 6-8:
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DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Fig. 6-9:
Fig. 6-10:
Fig. 6-11:
Fig. 6-12:
Fig. 6-13:
Fig. 6-14:
Fig. 6-15:
Fig. 7-1:
Fig. 7-2:
Fig. 7-3:
Fig. 7-4:
Fig. 7-5:
Fig. 7-6:
Fig. 7-7:
Fig. 7-8:
Fig. 7-9:
Fig. 7-10:
Fig. 7-11:
Fig. 7-12:
Fig. 7-13:
Fig. 8-1:
Fig. 8-2:
Fig. 8-3:
Fig. 8-4:
Fig. 8-5:
Fig. 8-6:
Fig. 8-7:
Fig. 8-8:
Fig. 8-9:
Fig. 8-10:
Fig. 8-11:
Contents
Selection of the measurement mode............................................................................................... 6-17

Selection of the sample mask diameter........................................................................................... 6-19
Selection of the measurement method............................................................................................ 6-21
Start the measurement.................................................................................................................... 6-22
Status during the measurement. ..................................................................................................... 6-23
Results after the measurement. ...................................................................................................... 6-24
Result screen. ................................................................................................................................. 6-25
S8 Tools instrument warning Cooling water level. .......................................................................... 7-6
Disconnect the mains power. ............................................................................................................ 7-7
Backside view. .................................................................................................................................. 7-8
Backside view with removed back panel. .......................................................................................... 7-9
Refill of the deionized water reservoir. ............................................................................................ 7-10
Reconnect to the mains power........................................................................................................ 7-11
S8 TOOLS ONLINE Counter Gas. ............................................................................................ 7-13
S8 TOOLS ONLINE Counter Gas Off. ...................................................................................... 7-14
S8 TOOLS ONLINE Counter Gas Status. ................................................................................. 7-15
S8 TOOLS ONLINE Counter Gas On. ...................................................................................... 7-17
S8 TOOLS ONLINE Counter Gas Set flag. ............................................................................... 7-18
SpectrometerAlignment................................................................................................................... 7-19
Loader Drift correction S8 CHECK and QE CHECK. ................................................................ 7-24
S8Tools screen with the first aid button............................................................................................. 8-2
Invitation to support session email .................................................................................................... 8-4
Web site Support Session page ........................................................................................................ 8-5
WebEx Pre-Session Form................................................................................................................. 8-6
Install WebEx Client ActiveX control ............................................................................................... 8-8
Security Warning window .................................................................................................................. 8-9
Welcome to Support Center window............................................................................................. 8-10
Allow Desktop Control and/or File Transfers dialogs....................................................................... 8-11
Desktop sharing .............................................................................................................................. 8-12
Spectra Mail options menu.............................................................................................................. 8-15
Trouble shooting flowchart. ............................................................................................................. 8-18
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
ix
Contents
Tables
Tab. 3-1:
Tab. 3-2:
Tab. 6-1:
Tab. 6-2:
Tab. 6-3:
Tab. 6-4:
Tab. 7-1:
Tab. 7-2:
Tab. 8-1:
Tab. 11-1:
Tab. 11-2:
Tab. 11-3:
Tab. 11-4:
Tab. 11-5:
Tab. 11-6:
Tab. 11-7:
Tab. 11-8:
Tab. 11-9:
Tab. 11-10:
Tab. 11-11:
Tab. 11-12:
Tab. 11-13:
Tab.12-1:
LED guide........................................................................................................................................ 3-15

Overview of the S8 TIGER atmospheric measurement modus. Please note that some modes
are optional...................................................................................................................................... 3-17
Sample preparation techniques for typical samples .......................................................................... 6-2
Evaluation models of QUANT-EXPRESS........................................................................................ 6-12
QUANT-EXPRESS measurement methods ....................................................................................6-20
Files needed for SPECTRAplus custom calibrations. ........................................................................ 6-26
List of consumables......................................................................................................................... 7-26
Package A15D103/A15D113 content ..............................................................................................7-26
List of menus in Spectra Mail. ......................................................................................................... 8-16
Instrument specification................................................................................................................... 11-2
Certified compliance ........................................................................................................................ 11-5
Electrical specification ..................................................................................................................... 11-6
Electrical Specification continued .................................................................................................... 11-7
Recommended X-ray tubes ............................................................................................................. 11-8
S8 TIGER system dimensions and weight ......................................................................................11-9
Environmental specifications ........................................................................................................... 11-9
Gas specifications ......................................................................................................................... 11-10
UPS TYPE Effekta Pegasus 31 (1 ph.) ......................................................................................... 11-11
UPS TYPE Toshiba 1600EP (1 ph.) .............................................................................................. 11-11
UPS TYPE Effekta Pegasus 31 (1 ph.) ......................................................................................... 11-12
UPS TYPE Toshiba ....................................................................................................................... 11-12
Water chiller .................................................................................................................................. 11-13
List of Available XRF and S8 Documentation.................................................................................. 12-1
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Safety Guidelines
Caution!
To prevent accidents and system damage, read these instructions before installation or
use.
Only operate the S8 TIGER after you have understood and followed the safety warnings
and instructions!
Warning Symbols
All of the following symbols (except the Biohazard Warning) are displayed on the
S8 TIGER system. Strictly obey all instructions and the warning text printed on the labels attached to
the parts of the equipment.
Radiation Danger!
Risk of Electric Shock!
Caution! Read the Operating Instructions!
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
1-1
Safety Guidelines
Danger of Injury! Danger of Crushing!
Warning: Hot Surfaces!
Danger of Toxic Substances!
General Biohazard Warning!
Follow all valid national, state, and local regulations for disposal.
Protective Ground/Earth Terminal
1-2
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Safety Guidelines
Qualified Personnel
Danger: Potentially toxic or hazardous samples!
To prevent any risk for health and safety the analysis of samples with the S8 TIGER, including handling and/or preparation steps, must be entrusted only to persons who have
qualifications in accordance with their activities and functions and who, based on their
technical training, their knowledge and experience and their knowledge of the applicable
standards, are able to evaluate the work assigned to them and recognize possible hazards. This also includes the knowledge of applicable accident prevention regulations, generally recognized safety regulations, EC guidelines and country-specific standards and
regulations. Carefully read and follow all safety and handling advice in the appropriate material safety data sheets.
The S8 TIGER spectrometer system or its parts may only be set up and operated in conjunction with
this manual. Only qualified personnel may be allowed to work on this equipment.
The installation, maintenance and repair of the spectrometry system may be carried out only by personnel who are authorized by Bruker AXS.
All repairs, adjustments and alignments performed on any components of the S8 TIGER system (including the host computer) must be carried out in strict accordance with the established safety practices and standards of the country in which the equipment is installed.
Correct Usage
The instrument was designed to perform element analysis by means of X-ray fluorescence. This device and its components may only be used for the applications described in the technical description or
in the Bruker AXS literature (e.g. XRF Lab Reports or XRF Application Reports). You can request
those reports from your local Bruker AXS Service or Sales Representative. It may only be used in
connection with devices or components from other manufacturers that have been approved or recommended by Bruker AXS, for example for automation solutions.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
1-3
Safety Guidelines
Warning!
This product can only function correctly and safely if it is transported, stored, set up, and
installed correctly, and if it is operated and maintained as recommended by Bruker AXS.
Disclaimer and Liability
Bruker AXS has checked the contents of this manual for agreement with the hardware, firmware, and
software described. Since deviations cannot be excluded entirely, Bruker AXS cannot guarantee full
agreement. However, the information in this manual is reviewed regularly and any necessary corrections are included in subsequent editions. Suggestions for improvements are welcome. Send them to
info@bruker-axs.de.
1-4
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Safety Guidelines
General Safety Precautions of the S8 TIGER

Danger: X-ray Radiation!
The S8 TIGER spectrometer system is an analytical instrument with a strong X-ray
source. Shielding and safety equipment guarantee that the emitted radiation does not
exceed 1.0 Sv/h during operation.
Shielding and safety features designed into the equipment guarantee that the emitted
radiation does not exceed 1.0 Sv/h (at 5 cm from any external surface of the device)
during operation. This level is below the regulatory limit in all jurisdictions. The ICRP dose
limits in Publication 60 and 103 to the whole body for a radiation worker averaged over a
5-yr period is 20 mSv in a year, and for a member of the public it is 1 mSv in a year. It is
highly unlikely that the radiation worker dose limits will be exceeded when trained and
qualified personnel use such devices.
Read the section Protection Against Radiation of the S8 TIGER Introductory User Manual
(order number DOC-M80-ZXX031) before turning on the system. Please observe local
regulations for the operation of X-ray systems.
If you suspect that the safety system does not work correctly or that radiation protection is
impaired for any reason, immediately switch off the system and contact your local Bruker
AXS Service Representative.
Manipulations and modifications of the safety systems are strictly forbidden!
Note
The X-ray generator is controlled by a three position Keyed switch (OFF/NEUTRAL/ON)
similar to the ignition switch of a car. The key can only be removed when the switch is in
the OFF position. The switch will remain in the OFF position until the key is inserted and
turned. Therefore the removal of the key will terminate production of X-ray.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
1-5
Safety Guidelines
Warning: High-Voltage!
Inside the S8 TIGER, voltages up to 60 kVDC occur which are however not accessible
from the outside. High voltages exist in the high-voltage generator and X-ray tube, as well
as in the connecting high-voltage cable. In addition, the radiation detectors are operated
with high voltages up to 2.3 kVDC.
If one of these high-voltage components is damaged, switch off the system immediately
and contact your local Bruker AXS Service Representative.
Warning: Danger of Voltage!

The system must be operated ONLY with such mains supply voltages as are listed on the
spectrometers rear plate. As long as the system is connected to the external mains supply, some terminals of the internal components may present a danger of high-voltage
shock.
Warning: Electrical Hazards due to Leakage of Cooling Water!

Inside the S8 spectrometer there are closed loop water circuitries for cooling the X-ray
tube, the X-ray generator and also for the internal air-conditioning. In addition to that, S83kW and S8-4kW instruments are provided with water hoses which are connected to the
buildings water supply system.
If there are any water leakages (caused by faulty components or by accident during the
refilling of the internal water reservoir) the S8 spectrometer must remain switched off or be
turned off instantly! This must be done by switching off the automatic circuit breaker
or power disconnector which is located in the vicinity of the instrument. It is not sufficient
to just turn off the spectrometer using the power-off button as some terminals inside the
instrument will stay connected to mains supply voltage.
The S8 must stay powered-off until the leakage source has been repaired and all wet regions have been dried thoroughly. Be aware, there is a high danger of electrical shocks
whenever there is leakage of water!
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DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Safety Guidelines
Warning: Danger due to Moving Parts and Components!

While the instrument is running there is an enhanced risk of injuries due to moving parts
and components.
It is the responsibility of the operator to assure that no person can touch or get close to the
following components or units while the instrument is running:
- Sample turn unit (e.g., for automation systems)
If in doubt, if the instrument is already running, stay away from its components! Do not
check motion by using your hand!
Caution: Moving Mechanical Components!

The samples to be measured are positioned by means of a fast XYZ sample changer system. To prevent personal injury, all motions are immediately stopped if the sample magazine cover is opened.
If you suspect that the safety system does not work correctly, immediately switch off the
system and contact your local Bruker AXS Service Representative.
Manipulations and modifications of the cover control are strictly forbidden!
Warning: Change of the Instruments Location!

The S8 TIGER spectrometer is designed to be a mobile analytical instrument. During
transportation, please avoid mechanical shocks to avoid damaging the sensitive physical
components.
After each change of location, the S8 TIGER must be checked by staff authorized and
trained by Bruker AXS!
Please contact your Bruker AXS Service Representative.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
1-7
Safety Guidelines
Warning: Hot Surfaces!

Several components (mainly all stepper motors, the air heating element, the water pump
and the vacuum pump) of the S8 spectrometer get very hot during standard operation due
to power dissipation and could cause severe burns when being touched. Normally, these
components cannot be accessed as the S8s side panels are installed and, the motors
inside the sample loader are covered by metal pieces. But, during maintenance and repair
the hot surfaces could be touched by accident.
Be aware that the surface temperature of internal S8 components might exceed 100C
(212F) whenever the S8 is switched on. Before touching any of these components turn
off the instrument and wait until the components have cooled down sufficiently.
Caution: Oil!
The vacuum pump uses oil as a lubricant. Disposal of oil must comply with all applicable
national, state, and local regulations.
Caution: Batteries!
Some circuit boards inside the S8 TIGER are equipped with batteries. Disposal of batteries must comply with all applicable national, state, and local regulations.
1-8
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Safety Guidelines
Warning: Beryllium!
Do not touch the X-ray tubes radiation outlet window or scintillation detectors front windows, as these windows contain beryllium.
In case of an implosion of the X-ray tube, you could get hurt by beryllium fragments. This
is why you should wear safety goggles and gloves when cleaning the sample chamber or
handling the X-ray tube.
Fumes or dust from Beryllium and its compounds can be hazardous if inhaled! Corrosion
of the beryllium may occur during use. Beryllium must not be cut, machined, or handled in
any way.
Disposal of beryllium must comply with all applicable national, state, and local regulations.
Warning: Analyzing Toxic Substances!

When analyzing toxic substances, strictly follow national, state, and local safety regulations!
Only use sample holders recommended by Bruker AXS for the respective measurements.
Warning: Analyzing Biological Active Substances!

When analyzing biologically active substances, follow applicable national, state, and local
safety regulations, along with IEC 61010-2-081.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
1-9
Safety Guidelines
Warning: Thallium!
The analyzer crystal TLAP contains thallium, an extremely toxic heavy metal. This crystal
is water-soluble and can cause poisoning by skin contact.
Please handle this crystal with maximum care and avoid any skin contact! Strictly obey the
applicable national, state, and local safety regulations.
Disposal of thallium-containing parts must comply with all applicable national, state, and
local regulations.
Warning: Analyzing Harmful Volatile Substances!

When analyzing harmful volatile substances, strictly follow national, state and local safety
regulations!
Only use the sample holders recommended by Bruker AXS for the respective measurements.
A vent to open air should be provided for the exhaust gases of the vacuum pump.
Warning: Gas Operation (P-10, Helium or Nitrogen)!

Systems with gas flow devices require external gas cylinders, if no in-house gas supply
system is available. The cylinders must be secured so that the cylinders are prevented
from falling over. Correct and secure installation of gas cylinders must be provided at all
times!
Follow applicable national, state, and local regulations for installation and operation of P10 (argon-methane gas mixture), helium, and nitrogen gas operation and gas cylinders.
A separate vent to open air should be provided to let off the P-10 gas.
1-10
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Safety Guidelines
Warning: Inadvertent Use of Wrong Gas Type!

It is the responsibility of the user to assure that the correct gas type is connected to the
instrument. Before opening the gas valves leading to the instrument, double check that the
desired gas is used. In particular exclude the inadvertent use of any explosive or corrosive
gas.
Warning: Disposal of Instrument!

Follow all valid national, state, and local regulations for disposal and contact Bruker AXS
Service for additional assistance.
The S8 TIGER contains thallium (if the optional TLAP analyzer crystal is installed), beryllium (X-ray tube and detector), and batteries (some circuit boards).
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
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Safety Guidelines
Biological Effects
(from Princeton University web page)
Mechanisms of Damage
Injury to living tissue results from the transfer of energy to atoms and molecules in the cellular structure. Ionizing radiation causes atoms and molecules to become ionized or excited. These excitations
and ionizations can:
Produce free radicals.
Break chemical bonds.
Produce new chemical bonds and cross-linkage between macromolecules.
Damage molecules that regulate vital cell processes (e.g. DNA, RNA, proteins).
The cell can repair certain levels of cell damage. At low doses, such as that received every day from
background radiation, cellular damage is rapidly repaired.
At higher levels, cell death results. At extremely high doses, cells cannot be replaced quickly enough,
and tissues fail to function.
Tissue Sensitivity
In general, the radiation sensitivity of a tissue is:
proportional to the rate of proliferation of its cells
inversely proportional to the degree of cell differentiation
1-12
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Safety Guidelines
For example, the following tissues and organs are listed from most radiosensitive to least radiosensitive:
Most Sensitive: Blood-forming organs
Reproductive organs
Skin
Bone and teeth
Muscle
Least sensitive: Nervous system
This also means that a developing embryo is most sensitive to radiation during the early stages of
differentiation, and an embryo/fetus is more sensitive to radiation exposure in the first trimester than in
later trimesters.
Prompt and Delayed Effects

Radiation effects can be categorized by when they appear.
Prompt effects: effects, including radiation sickness and radiation burns, seen immediately after
large doses of radiation delivered over short periods of time.
Delayed effects: effects such as cancer induction that may appear months or years after a radiation exposure
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
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Safety Guidelines
Delayed Effects of Radiation Exposure

Cancer
Studies of people exposed to high doses of radiation have shown that there is a risk of cancer induction associated with high doses.
The specific types of cancers associated with radiation exposure include leukemia, multiple myeloma, breast cancer, lung cancer, and skin cancer.
Radiation-induced cancers may take 10 - 15 years or more to appear.
There may be a risk of cancer at low doses as well.
1-14
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
General Physical Principles
Production of X-rays
X-rays are photons that are emitted when electrons strike a metal target and interact with the electrons
orbiting the nuclei of the metal atoms. The electromagnetic waves in the -range 0.1 - 2 are emitted
in all directions.
In X-ray tubes, electrons are emitted by a heated cathode, accelerated, and strike an anode material.
The cathode consists of a tungsten filament. For the generation of X-rays, high voltages of 20-60 kV
are required. Much of the energy supplied to the tube is transferred to heat, while less than 1% of it is
converted into X-rays. The anode consists of a metal (for example, Rh, Mo or Cr) that produces a
characteristic wavelength. A water cooling system prevents it from overheating.
X-ray tubes usually have a thin Beryllium windows by which the X-rays escape to the outside. The
tube is partly clad with a heavy absorbing material such as lead to prevent the X-rays emitted in other
directions from penetrating to the outside.
Electron beam
Cathode (ring, tungsten filament)
Cooling water for anode

Beryllium window
e.g. 75 m
Anode (Rh), positive
X-ray beam
Fig. 2-1:
Schematic diagram of an X-ray tube.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
2-1
Continuous Spectrum
When accelerated electrons collide with atoms of the metal target, they can be stopped on impact, in
which case all their energy is converted into radiant energy, or they can be decelerated in steps, in
which case a part of their total energy is released in the form of X-rays of greater wavelengths at each
step until it is expended. The incident electron enters the electric field between the electrons and the
nucleus of an atom and is deflected and decelerated by it at the same time. This process is repeated
when the deflected electron enters the electric fields of other atoms.
Fig. 2-2:
Production of continuous (white) radiation.
The waves of X-rays generated in this way are called continuous radiation because they form a continuous spectrum of wavelengths.
2-2
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Characteristic Spectrum
High-energy electrons can also interact with the atoms of the metal target to produce another type of
radiation called characteristic radiation because the wavelengths of the photons emitted are characteristic of the anode metal.
In this case, the incident electron collides with an electron of the first, innermost electron shell of an
atom and knocks it out of its orbit. To restore stability to the energy state of the atom, the ejected electron is replaced by an electron from an outer shell. Because the energy levels of shells increases with
their distance from the nucleus of the atom, the transition of a replacement electron from an outer to
an inner shell is accompanied by a loss in energy, which is released in the form of X-rays.
Fig. 2-3:
Production of characteristic radiation simplified representation.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
2-3
Fig. 2-3 is a simplified representation of the process by which characteristic radiation is produced
through the transition of electrons at the atomic level. In this diagram the conventional notation for the
electron shells and the photons produced by the transition of their respective electrons has been
adopted. K radiation is produced by an electron transfer from shell L to shell K, K by a transfer from
shell M to shell K, and L by a transfer from M to L. Note that the photons have different characteristic
wavelengths.
In fact, on closer examination of the atom and its electron shells, it can be seen that the shells are
divided into subshells as shown in Fig. 2-4 below. For this reason, K radiation can be divided into K1
and K2 radiation, K radiation into K1 and K2 radiation and so on. The difference between the wavelengths of photons produced by the transfer of electrons of different subshells within the same shell is
very small.
Fig. 2-4:
2-4
Subshells and their transferred electrons.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
In Fig. 2-5 below, the wavelength distribution of both continuous and characteristic radiation is shown
as a function of intensity or the number of pulse counts per second. The characteristic peaks K1, Ka2
and K1 are clearly visible above the continuous spectrum.
The point on the wavelength scale at which the continuous spectrum begins is known as the short
wavelength limit (SWL) and corresponds to the radiation produced by the electrons that give up all
their energy on the initial impact. Thus for a particular supply voltage, these electrons give rise to photons of maximum energy (minimum wavelength). With an increase in supply voltage, the SWL as well
as the point of maximum intensity of the continuous spectrum moves down the wavelength scale. In
other words, an increase in operating potential produces a shift of the continuous spectrum in the direction of lower wavelengths and higher energy. On the other hand, the characteristic spectrum, because it is characteristic of the anode metal, merely undergoes an increase in intensity (pulse count
rate).
Fig. 2-5:
Spectrum of an X-ray tube.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
2-5
The Bragg Equation

The secondary X-ray waves emanating from a family of atom-containing planes in the crystal lattice
structure are in phase and constructively interfere with one another when the Bragg condition is met.
This is expressed in the equation
N= 2d sin
where N is an integer multiple called the order of reflection, is the wavelength of the X-ray beam, d is
the distance between the planes, and is the angle of deflection.
The Bragg equation is derived in the following way.
Fig. 2-6:
2-6
Fulfillment of the Bragg equation.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Fig. 2-6 shows a monochromatic beam of X-rays incident on the surface of a crystal at an angle . P,
Q and R represent a family of planes separated by the distance d. Plane P reflects AX in XD. Similarly,
plane Q reflects BY in YE at the same angle . Although the beam penetrates many more planes we
need only consider the top two.
Since Q is lower than P, the beam path BYE is longer than AXD by the amount GY + YH. This is
called the path difference.
Since angle AXG = + angle PXG = 90
Then angle PXG = 90 -
Since angle PXY = PXG + GXY = 90
Then angle GXY =
Similarly, you can show that angle YXH =
sin
GY
d
Therefore GY = d sin
From the triangle YXH, sin
YH
d
Therefore YH = d sin
From the triangle GXY,
Therefore the path difference (GY + YH) = 2d sin

Now the two reflected rays will constructively interfere with one another, that is, they will be in synch,
when the path difference is equal to the wavelength () or a multiple of it. Thus N= 2d sin .
The Bragg equation is used in diffractometry to determine the nature of the irradiated specimen. Once
the Bragg angle is determined, this can be used, together with the known wavelength, to calculate
the distance d and thus the geometry of the unit cells of the lattice.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
2-7
Scintillation counter
A scintillation counter measures ionizing radiation. The scintillator consists of a transparent crystal that
fluoresces when struck by ionizing radiation. A sensitive photomultiplier tube (PMT) measures the light
from the crystal. When a charged particle strikes the scintillator a flash of light is produced. The PMT is
attached to an electronic amplifier and other electronic equipment to count and possibly quantify the
amplitude of the signals produced by the photomultiplier. The association of a scintillator and photomultiplier with the counter circuits forms the basis of the scintillation counter. The intensity of the light
flash depends on the energy of the charged particles. Cesium iodide (CsI) in crystalline form is used
as the scintillator for the detection of protons and alpha particles; sodium iodide (NaI) containing a
small amount of thallium is used as a scintillator for the detection of gamma waves.
Proportional counter
A proportional counter is a type of gaseous ionization detector. It works on the same principle as the
Geiger-Mller counter, but uses a lower operating voltage. An inert gas is used to fill the tube, with a
quench gas added as a stabilizer. A common proportional gas mixture is 90% argon, 10% methane,
known as P-10. An incoming ionizing particle, if it has sufficient energy, liberates electrons from the
atomic orbitals of the gas atoms, leaving an electron and positively charged atom (ion pair). As the
charged particle travels through the chamber it leaves a trail of ion pairs along its trajectory. The electrons created in this process drift under the influence of the electric field toward the electrode (anode).
At the same time, the positive ions drift towards the cathode, at much lower speed. A proportional
counter differs from an ionization chamber in that the operating voltage is sufficiently high that the
drifting electrons gain enough energy over a mean free path to create further ion pairs when they collide with other neutral atoms of the gas. The electrons created in these new events also drift toward
the electrode and can create further ion pairs themselves. If the operating voltage is chosen carefully,
each avalanche process occurs independently of other avalanches which derive from the same initial
ionizing event. Therefore, even though the total number of electrons liberated can increase exponentially with distance, the total amount of charge created remains proportional to the amount of charge
liberated in the original event.
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DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Introduction to the Instrument
Overview of this Manual

Note
This manual covers the basic operation of the S8 TIGER spectrometer. You should be
familiar with its contents prior to switching on the instrument.
This manual consists of several chapters. First the safety warnings are given, which are also listed in
the Introductory User Manual (order number DOC-M80-ZXX031) and the General Safety Instructions
(order number DOC-M90-ZXX006) The Introductory User Manual, including the safety warnings, and
the General Safety Instructions are available in several languages. Please consult with your local
Bruker AXS service organization for availability in your language.
This chapter describes the instrument, its components and basic operation modes.
The following chapter describes how to switch the spectrometer on and off. Further, there is an overview of the basic operation of the touchscreen. And a QUANT-EXPRESS measurement is described.
The servicing, maintaining and troubleshooting of the system is described in the subsequent chapters.
The appendix of this book gives references that turn out to be quite handy during day-to-day operation
of the instrument.
SPECTRAplus is the analytical software package that is delivered with the instrument. The S8 TIGER
runs SPECTRAplus Version 2.0 and higher. The software is described in a separate manual (order
number DOC-M80-EXX038). For unknown samples it is recommended to use QUANT-EXPRESS.
QUANT-EXPRESS is the standardless method applying a fundamental parameter approach for the
analytics. Basic QUANT-EXPRESS operation is described in a separate chapter.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
3-1
Overview of the Product

The S8 TIGER is a wavelength dispersive spectrometer available in three power ratings:
The base instrument allows maximum settings of 50 kV and 50 mA, while the power is limited to 1
kW. The 1 kW version can be operated without external water cooling.
The intermediate system runs at 3 kW with 60 kV and 150 mA as voltage and current limits. The
increase of the voltage to 60 kV allows a better detection of heavier elements.
The high power system allows operation at up to 4 kW. The maximum high voltage remains at 60
kV, but the current can be increased up to 170 kV, which is unique in the market. For light element detection this allows shorter measurement times.
The default configuration for all three power settings is identical:

The spectrometer is equipped with a helium system for liquid samples, a 34 mm manual mask, a flow
counter, a scintillation counter, and a 60 position cup loader with 10 cups mounted with 34mm masks.
In addition it is equipped with the following analyzer crystals: XS-55, PET, and LiF200. The 0.23 and
0.46 collimators are also pre-installed. The purpose of the optical components is explained later in
this chapter of the Operator's Manual.
You will also find 5 reference samples delivered with the instrument. The application and usage are,
for example, trained during on-site and factory site training courses. For routine operation the SPECTRAplus software suite, S8 Tools, and remote access software is installed on the computer. QUANTEXPRESS, a standardless evaluation module, is installed as trial version, which expires after 90 days.
It is a powerful analysis package of unknown samples. If the QUANT-EXPRESS package was purchased, a permanent licence is installed.
Please note that your instrument may be ordered in a different configuration adapted to your particular
analytical needs. It can be beneficial to install additional monochromators to boost system performance. For example for petro-chemical applications we recommend the use of the XS-Ge-C; for geological application the LiF220, and for cement application the use of both XS-CEM and XS-Ge-C. For
the detection of boron, carbon, and nitrogen, XS-B, XS-C, and XS-N should be used, respectively.
Commercially, the following packages are available as factory installed options:
3-2
EasyLoadTM: An 75 position loader with two trays for 51mm rings, automatic liquid sample detection, and 20 sample rings.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
SampleCareTM: An automatic mask changer with one closed position for goniometer protection
during pump-down, a 28 mm and a 34 mm mask installed, and a Be foil tube window protection.
TouchControlTM: This is a hardware component, a touchscreen with a dedicated single board

computer and a user interface for intuitive operation. It can be ordered with a great number of languages that can be switched on-the-fly. The touchscreen software, S8 TOUCH, was specifically
written with routine operation in mind. It is seamlessly integrated into to the SPECTRAplus software
suite.
Please check your shipping and order information if which options were included in your instrument.
Overview of the Operation Principle

Inside the spectrometer samples are irradiated by X-rays with energy of up to 60 keV1. Typically, the
samples are measured in vacuum for best detection limits, especially for light elements. In case of
liquid samples, or in case of loose powder samples, it is also possible to measure while applying a
nitrogen or helium atmosphere. The X-ray beam originates from the X-ray tube impinges on the sample which then sends out X-ray fluorescence. The X-ray fluorescence radiation is characteristic for
each element of the periodic table. For its creation the energy of the primary beam needs to be larger
than the characteristic excitation radiation. The S8 TIGER can probe to energies up to 60 keV1.
Please note: The S8 TIGER 1kW version can probe to energies up 50 keV.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
3-3
Fig. 3-1:
3-4
S8 TIGER with EasyLoad and TouchControl.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
The X-ray fingerprints of the elements are detected by the S8 TIGER detectors. The measured intensities are used to determine the elemental concentrations.
The beam path is shown in Fig. 3-2. The spectrum of the primary beam can be changed by inserting a
primary beam filter. This can be useful if the excitation spectrum should be biased, for example to
excited heavier elements more easily. To reduce the erroneous signals and background, the sample
beam is collimated and made parallel by a collimator mask and a collimator. The collimator mask can
be changed automatically like all other components in the beam path. The collimator is labelled by its
opening angle. This limits the beam divergence of the excited beam. Smaller values lead to a better
energy resolution albeit a smaller intensity. There are up to four collimators available.
Filter wheel
(primary beam filter)
Sample
Mask changer
Vacuum seal
Collimator changer
X-ray source
Crystal
changer
(heavy elements)
Fig. 3-2:
Proportional counter
(light elements)
X-ray beam path of the S8 TIGER.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
3-5
After leaving the collimator the beam impinges on an analyzer crystal. Those crystals are organic or
artificially produced multi-layers. Depending on the lattice spacing and obeying Braggs Law the X-ray
beam is diffracted at certain angles. A total of eight crystal positions can be used. As a default, three
positions are used for PET, XS-55, and LiF 200 analyzer crystals. A quick overview of the elemental
range of those standard crystals is shown in Fig. 3-3. In addition, Bruker AXS offers a large variety of
optional crystals optimized for specific applications. The number of options is continuously growing.
Please contact your local application or sales representative for detailed and up-to-date information.
Fig. 3-3:
3-6
Overview of the typical elemental range for the three standard analyzer crystals. For a
more detailed periodic table, please, consult the appendix.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
The radiation from the analyzer crystal is detected by one of the two detectors. One detector is optimized for soft, one for hard radiation1. To reduce the background even further both detectors are
equipped with soller slits (not shown in Fig. 3-2).
The detectors are mounted onto the 2-theta goniometer, the sample on the theta-goniometer. For the
measurement the respective detector is either positioned at a given angular position (peak measurement) or it is moving during the measurement (scan measurement). The angular position of constructive interference is determined by Braggs Law. This means the 2-theta position of a peak depends
both on the d-spacing of the analyzer crystal and the characteristic wavelength of the element probed.
Since all elements are measured subsequently, the instrument is referred to as sequential X-ray spectrometer.
The beam path is inside a housing to shield the user from X-ray radiation. A safety circuitry assures
that the radiation can only be produced if both the spectrometer chamber is closed and the protective
covers are installed. The S8 TIGER can be operated with a variety to sample magazines.
Warning
It is illegal to hamper or defeat the radiation protection system.
Light elements emit soft (= low energy) radiation.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
3-7
Instrument Components
The S8 TIGER is a fully automated X-ray spectrometer, both operation and analysis can run with very
little user interaction. In this manual we will focus on the general instrument operation.
All the connection lines and cables can be found at the back of the instrument. Through those lines
you supply electricity and water. You can also connect a local area network via an Ethernet connection. Depending on your configuration and application, there might be two gas hoses, one for supplying P-10 to the flow counter and one for supplying Helium or Nitrogen to the sample chamber.
From the front and either side of the instrument, see Fig. 3-4, you can see a field of LEDs that are
illuminated when X-rays are produced. These are the X-ray warning lights. When standing in front of
the spectrometer to the left you see the on and the off button, an emergency off switch and the generator turn-on key switch. To the right are the touchscreen and the panel with four LEDs that display
an abbreviated instrument status.
When you open the instruments top you can have a close look at the sample magazine and the sample robot.
Warning
Do not use the handle of the top cover to pull the instrument!
Towards the back left the sample chamber can be found. There are many magazine types available.
The whole magazine and robotics is often referred to as the loader. Prior to the measurement the test
specimen is placed into a sample container, like a ring or a cup, and subsequently this ring or cup is
placed into the loader.
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DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Top cover
X-ray
warning light
X-ray
warning light
Touchscreen
Status
LEDs
On and Off
switches
Fig. 3-4:
Front view of the S8 TIGER.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
3-9
Sample
grabber
Sample
position
Sample
chamber
Fig. 3-5:
Inside the loader (sample magazine).
During operation, all side panels must be mounted, since they are part of the X-ray safety system.
During installation and system commissioning and in case of a service visit, panels will be removed.
The internal arrangement of the instrument will be revealed.
3-10
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Status LEDs
Electronics
control rack
Spectrometer
chamber
Safety board
Generator
Fig. 3-6:
View on the instrument after removing the front and the right side panel with several
components labelled.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
3-11
X-ray warning
light
On/off
switch panel
X-ray tube
Safety board
Spectrometer
chamber
Back side of
the generator
Fig. 3-7:
3-12
View on the instrument after removing the front and the left side panel with several components labelled.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Mask changer
drive
Port for conveyor belt

(open for
ONLINE
option)
Spectrometer
chamber
Bottom of Xray tube
Vacuum pump
Fig. 3-8:
View on the 3 or 4kW version after removing the back and the left (viewed from front) side
panel with several components labelled.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
3-13
Electric power
distribution
and mains
connection
Refill port for deionized water
Electronics
control rack
Generator
Water pump
Vacuum pump
Heat exchanger
Fig. 3-9:
3-14
View on the 3 or 4 kW version after removing the back and the right (viewed from front)
side panel with several components labelled.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Illuminated Status Display

X-ray warning display
Ready
On
Alarm
Busy
Fig. 3-10:
Status display
LED Guide
Tab. 3-1:
LED guide
Ready
(orange)
permanently on
blinking
generator heating current on, HV off,

system is in measurement standby mode
On
(green)
permanently on
blinking
HV generator and control electronics turned on

(see all LEDs)
Alarm
(red)
permanently on
blinking
system alarm
system warning is pending
Busy
(yellow)
permanently on
blinking
measurement is running
a ready flag is missing, data taking is interrupted
All LEDs
blinking at a frequency
of about 2 Hz
thermal shut down active
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3-15
Measurement Execution Basics of the S8 TIGER

This chapter describes how the instrument executes a measurement. Also, the motivation for some of
the implementations is given.
Measurements in most cases are executed under vacuum, since the S8 TIGER is used to detect a
wide range of elements. Depending on the atomic structure, photons of different energies are emitted.
The lighter the element, the smaller the energy of the most energetic photon emitted. The (soft) X-ray
radiation of light elements is readily absorbed in air.
To speed up measurement time, the space is separated into two chambers: the sample chamber and
the spectrometer chamber, which houses most of the optical components and the detectors. During
loading and unloading the two chambers are separated, so only the relatively small sample chamber
needs to be evacuated or flooded with air. However, after the initial turn-on also the spectrometer
chamber needs to be evacuated.
In case fluids are measured, one typically floods the sample chamber with Helium (recommended), in
some cases with Nitrogen. In most cases, if a liquid is put under vacuum, it starts to evaporate. This
would soil the sample chamber. In addition, often not enough sample material might be left for analysis. In both Helium modes the spectrometer chamber remains evacuated. The two chambers are
separated by a patented highly X-ray transparent vacuum seal. Helium is very transparent to X-rays.
Depending on your sample you can chose between two Helium modes. If you decide to measure
loose powders it is also strongly recommended to operate in Helium mode.
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DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Tab. 3-2:
Overview of the S8 TIGER atmospheric measurement modus. Please note that some
modes are optional.
Mode
Samples
Remarks
Vacuum
Metals,
fused beads,
pressed pellets
glass
Compact solid samples to achieve best sensitivity for

light elements
Separated vacuum
Pressed powders
(dusty samples)
The vacuum seal protects the goniometer and compartments against dust particles released from the
sample.
IMPORTANT:
It is strongly recommended to prepare pressed pellets
as stable as possible by using the appropriate binder
and applying best pressure
Helium
(reduced pressure)
Liquid samples
Oils, water
Loose powders in a cup
with polymer film
To avoid sample evaporation and the resulting contamination and/or damages, liquid samples must not
be measured under vacuum. The helium mode with
reduced pressure is recommended for liquids with a
high boiling point. The helium pressure is reduced to
gain better intensity for light elements and to keep
helium consumption low.
Atmospheric Helium
Liquid samples
automotive fuels or
solvents
All liquid samples with a low boiling point, like fuels,

must be run under atmospheric helium to avoid boiling and evaporation of the sample.
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Several pressure sensors monitor the vacuum continuously. Only after the pressure is sufficiently low,
is possible to start a measurement.
The S8 TIGER is a wavelength-dispersive spectrometer. Intensities for individual wavelengths are
determined in what is also known as Bragg-Brentano geometry with, in our case, the sample acting as
radiation source. The analyzer crystal and detector are moved in a fixed angular relationship of 1:2.
This gives great flexibility to the instrument. It can be adjusted to almost any new analytical task. On
the other hand, this also means that measurements of different samples are executed in sequence.
So, before the sample is in measurement position, the instrument has to know for which elements to
probe. Based on this input, the optical components (beam filter, mask, collimator, analyzer crystal, and
detector) are moved into position while the chamber is being evacuated. Most motions can be executed in parallel.
Once in position, the measurement starts immediately. All components move in parallel to get ready
for the measurement. After all measurement tasks are finished, the sample is removed from the sample chamber. During sample transfer, no X-rays are produced for your safety. There are two types of
measurements: Peak Measurement (faster; only the intensity at one position is measured) and Scan
Measurement (the goniometer performs a coupled scan, the peak shape and intensity over an angular
range is determined).
More background on XRF analysis and some instrumentation background can be found in the Bruker
AXS publication Introduction to X-ray Fluorescence Analysis (DOC-M84-EXX001). Additional references are given therein.
Note
Please consult the Introductory User Manual for an in-depth description of the safety system.
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DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Flow Chart Showing Standard Operation

If no sample in measurement position
Grabber moves to sample position (xy)

And moved down (z) to sample height.
Checks if sample is detected.
YES
Turn on magnetization.
Move in vacuum seal. Note: Separates

spectrometer chamber from sample chamber.
NO
Error message
Move up (z).
Ramp down I, V of HV generator for X-ray.
Move to sample input position (xy).

Flood sample chamber with air. Note: Big
spectrometer chamber remains evacuated.
Sample chamber ready signal

YES
NO
Open shutter.
Wait.
Move down.
Check if height is okay.
YES
De-magnetize (leave sample).
NO
Error
Move grabber to max. position.

Move grabber to park position (xy).
Continued on the next page.
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Continuation of flow chart:

Move grabber to max. position.
Move grabber to park position (xy).
Close vacuum seal.
Move goniometer and optics in position.
Evacuate sample chamber.

Wait ~ 2s.
Check target positions are reached.
X-ray On
Ramp up HV for X-ray tube.
Check if V, I for X-ray
tube ready and stable.
IF NOT
Pump and check

if vacuum okay.
Check if gas flow is okay

(if flow counter is installed).
IF NOT
Error and stop

measurement.
Error and stop

measurement.
IF NOT
Error and stop
measurement.
IF OK
Execute measurement program (method).
End measurement.
Move grabber to sample input position (xy).
Move in vacuum seal.
Ramp down X-ray HV and current.
Flood sample chamber with air.
Remove sample.
Fig. 3-11:
3-20
Flow chart showing standard operation.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Network Configuration
The SPECTRAplus PC and the S8 TIGER are connected together via a network. Depending on your
network configuration this may be a simple cable from the PC to the S8, or the devices may be connected via a hub or switch. Alternatively both devices may be connected to your local-area-network
(LAN). The S8 TIGER will request an IP address via DHCP, and if a DHCP server is not available, it
will assign itself an automatic private IP. It is recommended that the SPECTRAplus PC is configured for
DHCP to ease any network configuration problem. The network settings of the devices leaving the
factory are guaranteed to work. If you need to reconfigure the devices for your network please contact
your Bruker representative for advice and instructions.
C:\
Embedded OS
TouchControl
Measurement Server
D:\SPECplus
C:\Program Files\SPECPlus
SPECTRAplus programs
e.g.
Loader.exe
Eval2.exe
etc.
Fig. 3-12:
Connect via SPBrowser

e.g.
T:\SPECplus
Data files, log files, calibration files, databases,

measurement methods,
format methods etc.
S8 TIGER SPECTRAplus PC network connection.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
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The SPECTRAplus PC accesses data on the S8 TIGER via a Windows mapped drive. It is recommended to use the SPBrowser program map the S8 drive automatically.
Fig. 3-12 shows an overview of the software and data files for the PC-S8 system. It is important to
note that there is a separation between data files and programs. This is to allow the S8 TIGER to work
as a stand alone instrument, allowing routine measurements even when the PC is switched off.
Use of an External PC
You can operate the S8 TIGER with TouchControl on the touchscreen or with the measurement
software SPECTRAplus on an external PC via network.
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DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Switching the Instrument On

and Off
Switching On Auto Start Up of the S8 TIGER

1.
Verify the instrument is connected to a 40A 208-240V AC supply.
2.
Check that the external cooling water system is operating correctly. All valves connecting to the
instrument are open and hoses correctly connected to the S8 TIGER.
3.
Check the P-10 and helium supply (if used) is turned on and set correctly. The P10 should be set
to 0.5 bar (~7 PSI). Helium should be set to 2 bar (~29 PSI).
4.
The system configuration should be set in the Default parameters pane to Airlock mode = Spectrometer mode (Standby parameters) and vacuum with seal (Mode). The default settings see in
Fig. 4-1.
5.
Press the green power-on button on the front of the spectrometer (Fig. 4-2). All four lights will
come on for about 30 sec. If the lights do not come on verify the STOP button is out by turning it
clockwise then press the green button again.
Note
For this procedure to work auto setup1 must be enabled. This is the default setting.
auto setup = 1 in setup.ini
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
4-1
Switching the Instrument On and Off
Fig. 4-1:
4-2
Settings in System Configuration for the auto start up procedure.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
STOP button
power-off button
power-on button
Fig. 4-2:
Control panel
Fig. 4-3:
Status display
6.
When the S8 TIGER is finished initializing the green On and the red Alarm lights should be on
(Fig. 4-3).
7.
Immediately afterward, the z drive moves up and the sample seal (shutter) opens and closes for
an automated safety circuit check. This takes up to 30 seconds because the sample chamber
might need to be flooded with air.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
4-3
Note
You must leave the cover closed; otherwise the start up routine is interrupted.
8.
The X-ray generator can now be turned on by inserting the key and turning the key clockwise.
9.
The instrument Ready light blinks.
10. HV is turned on, the X-ray warning lamps turn on and the Ready LED is permanently illuminated.
11. Release the key. It is spring-loaded and should return to the middle position.
Note
If the S8 TIGER has been turned off for a while it will take a few hours to return to its operating temperature. Until the operating temperature has been reached the spectrometer
will show a temperature warning with a flashing alarm light.
12. For TouchControlTM users: log on to the touchscreen with username: admin and password: pass.
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DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Fig. 4-4:
Login screen of S8 TouchControl (see Step 12)
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
4-5
Switching Off Power-off Procedure

Note
The large red button is the STOP button. The STOP button can be reset by turning the
knob to the right until it pops back out.
The STOP button should only be used in an emergency.
The S8 TIGER is designed for constant operation. It is advised you keep your system running at all
times, even when routine measurements are not carried out e.g. evenings and weekends. However
there may be occasions when it is required to switch the machine off e.g. prolonged inactivity, expected power outage or relocation of the machine. In such a situation it is recommended you follow
the procedure below. This will ensure the system is shutdown gracefully into a safe state, and will
avoid any loss of data.
Switching Off Using TouchControlTM

1.
Log off TouchControl.
2.
Press the Shutdown button as shown in Fig. 4-5.
3.
Then confirm you want to shutdown by pressing Yes (see Fig. 4-6).
4.
Wait until the message It is now safe to switch off your machine appears on the screen.
5.
Press the power-off button on the front of the machine (see Fig. 4-2).
6.
Isolate the power from the wall supply.
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DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Shutdown button
Fig. 4-5:
7.
Shutdown.
To shutdown the S8 TIGER, first press the Shutdown button shown above and confirm the shutdown by pressing Yes (see Fig. 4-6).
Fig. 4-6:
Confirm the shutdown.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
4-7
Switching Off Without UsingTouchControlTM

Follow these steps if your S8 does not have a touchscreen:
1.
Start S8 Tools.
2.
Connect to the S8 using the Connect button.
Fig. 4-7:
3.
S8 Tools Connect button.
Make sure that there is no sample in the sample chamber:

Click on Functional Unit > Sample Handler.
If a sample is in the sample chamber, click on the Unload Sample command of the Functions
menu.
4.
Change the spectrometer mode to Air.

Click on Functional Unit > Spectrometer Mode.
Click on the Operating Mode command of the Functions menu.
Select Air from the list.
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DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Wait until the air mode has been achieved.

5.
Only when the air mode has been achieved, turn the X-ray key to the left.
STOP button
power-off button
power-on button
Fig. 4-8:
6.
Control panel
Press the power-off button to turn off the S8 TIGER.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
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DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
TouchControl Operation
5.1 Introduction
This chapter describes how to use the TouchControl interface. The interface is designed to be easy to
use and intuitive to allow operation with minimal training, yet powerful enough for all routine operations. TouchControl is not used for creating or editing calibrations which requires the SPECTRAplus
software package to be installed on a standard PC.
Caution
In order to avoid damage to the TouchControl, the use of sharp objects should be
avoided. The interface has been designed to be used with your fingers only. Gloves may
be used to avoid contamination. To clean the touchscreen, avoid the use of abrasives or
aggressive solvents. Only use a soft damp cloth with a mild detergent if necessary.
5.2 TouchControl User Interface

The touchscreen interface has been designed for easy and intuitive operation. All operations are carried out using controls. The following tables describe the different types of controls used.
Note
The touchscreen interface is available in different languages. Please contact your Bruker
AXS sales representative to check if your choice is available.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
5-1
5.2.1 TouchControl Controls

Buttons
Active
Button
This button is active and can be pressed. The buttons

action is described on the button and is sometimes
accompanied by an icon.
Disabled
Button
This button is disabled cannot be pressed.
Selection
buttons
The selection is marked clearly with a tick mark.
Thumbwheel
The Thumbwheel allows you to scroll items in a vertical direction. Press and hold while sliding your
finger up or down to rotate the wheel.
The Thumbwheel is also used in the Selection List control (see below).
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DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Selection List
3
This control is used to select an item from a list. The highlighted text is the
selected item. To select another item, the following methods can be used:
2
1
1.
2.
3.
Touch the item text.

Use the Thumbwheel.
Use the Up or Down buttons.
Screen Selector
Once you have logged into the S8 TIGER, this control is always located at the top of the screen. This is used
to navigate through the various screens in the software. Since only one screen can be displayed at any time,
only one button is highlighted. Simply press the button to display that screen.
The Stop button becomes active during measurements and can be used to interrupt the current
measurement and to pause the measurement queue. When this button is pressed the text will change to
Restart which will restart the measurement queue.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
5-3
Screen Keyboard
The Screen Keyboard is used to enter text and operates in the same way as a normal keyboard. The text is
inserted into a Textbox (see below).
The Caps Lock key is used to toggle between lower and upper case characters.
Textbox
This is the active Textbox. Text entered with the Screen Keyboard will be
inserted here.
This is an inactive Textbox. Touch this to make it active.
The Textbox is used to enter details such as sample ID's, usernames, passwords etc. An active Textbox has a
thick border and receives text entered from the Screen Keyboard. An inactive Textbox has no border and will
not receive text from the keyboard. Touching an inactive Textbox will make it active.
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DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Date Selector
The Date Selector is used to select a date and is used when

performing a database search. Simply touch the required
date. The selected date is highlighted with a red square.
The '< and '>' buttons will choose the previous and next
months.
Press the 'OK' button when you have selected your date.
Status Bar
The Status Bar is always located at the bottom of the screen and provides the following machine information:
Current machine action and any warning message.
Status light.
Green = On line normal operation.
Red = Alarm active or communication problem with measurement server.
Current time.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
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5.2.2 Logging into TouchControl

The login screen is shown in Fig. 5-1 and is the first screen you will see. To control the instrument you
must first supply a username and password. The S8 TIGER leaves the factory with the user admin
installed with the password set to pass. This user has access to all functions within the software including the ability to add or remove users. It is recommended you add a user for every operator that
will use the machine (see section 4.5 for information on how to add users). It is also recommended
that you change this password and store this information in a safe place (see section 4.5).
Login information
User Name
5-6
admin
Password
pass
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Touch this Textbox to

enter your username.
Touch this Textbox to
enter your password.
Screen-Keyboard
Fig. 5-1:
To log-in to the S8 TIGER you will need to enter your username and password. Touch the
textboxes and use the Screen-Keyboard to enter your details.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
5-7
5.2.3 TouchControl Main Screens

There are four main screens in the TouchControl interface that are used to for measurement control,
resulting reporting and status:
Main screens
Loader
This screen is used to define and start your measurements. It displays all samples
defined on the magazine including analytical results. All users have access to this
screen.
Results
This screen allows access to the measurement database to recall all previous
measurements performed on the S8 TIGER. You may restrict access to this screen for
certain users (see section 4.3).
Status
This screen displays the current status of the machine, spectrometer values and a
schedule of queued measurements. You may restrict access to this screen for certain
users (see section 4.4).
Tools
This screen includes various pages which allow the users to change options, edit user
details, perform diagnostics and view the on-line help. You may restrict access to this
screen for certain users (see section 4.5).
After logging into TouchControl the Loader screen will be displayed and is described in the next section.
5.2.4 Loader Screen

The loader screen is where samples are defined for measurement. All measurements on the S8 are
performed by running an Application. An Application contains all the information needed to measure,
analyze and display your results. Applications are created and edited with the SPECTRAplus software
package within is documented separate.
Before you can measure a sample you will need to choose the required application. To display the
Application Chooser simply select an empty position on the Sample Magazine as shown in Fig. 5-2.
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DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Sample Magazine
Application
Chooser
Sample information and results
Fig. 5-2:
The Loader screen will display the Application Chooser when an empty position is selected on the Sample Magazine.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
5-9
5.2.5 Results Screen

Every measurement performed on the S8 TIGER is archived into a database. The Results screen
allows the operator to search and access any result. The Results screen is shown in Fig. 5-3.
Search results
Search
Options
Sample Information and results
Fig. 5-3:
5-10
The Results screen allows access to all stored results on the S8 TIGER.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
5.2.6 Status Screen

The Status screen displays the current status of the machine and is shown in Fig. 5-4. For an explanation of the areas, please, see section 4.4 "Status".
Fig. 5-4:
The Status screen displays the current status of the machine.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
5-11
5.2.7 Tools Screen

The Tools screen which is shown in Fig. 5-5 contains seven pages of options and information. The
functionality of these pages is described in section 4.5.
Fig. 5-5:
5-12
The Tools screen contains pages to change settings and information.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
5.3 Results Database

Every measurement performed on the S8 TIGER is archived into a database. The Results screen is
used to access the results. To access the results a search is required. There are two types of search
available, Quick Search and Advanced Search. Fig. 5-6 shows the results screen. To perform a Quick
Search simply press the Hour, Day or Week buttons to perform a search of all measurements during that time. All measurements that have been measured during this time will be displayed in the
Search Results area of the Results screen, simply select a sample to see the results.
Quick Search
Search results
Advanced
Search
Sample Information and results
Fig. 5-6:
Completed samples show results which can be printed.
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5.3.1 Advanced Search

To access the Advanced Search simply press the Advanced Search button. The Advanced Search
page is shown in Fig. 5-7. This page allows a user to limit the database search depending on measurement date, sample ID, machine operator (who measured the sample) and application name. The
red tick marks indicate what options have been set. To perform the search, simply press the OK button. All measurements that fit the Advanced Search criteria will be displayed in the Search Results
area of the Results screen, simply select a sample to see the results.
Fig. 5-7:
5-14
Advanced Search options.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
5.3.2 Sorting and Printing Results

Fig. 5-8 shows the Search Options which contain buttons to sort the search results according to date
sample ID and application name. Simply press the appropriate button top sort the results. To print the
results simply select a sample and press Print.
Fig. 5-8:
Search Options.
5.3.2 Invalidating Results

The search options, as shown in Fig. 5-6 contain a button to invalidate a result. This button allows an
operator to mark a result in the database as invalid. This primary reason for this is if the operator notices something wrong with the sample after measurement, or they have measured the wrong sample.
They can invalidate the result which marks the sample as invalid in the database. It should be noted
that the sample still remains in the database and is still visible within the SPECTRAplus software package. If for some reason the sample needs to be remarked as valid, this can also be performed using
the SPECTRAplus software.
To mark a sample as invalid simply select the sample and press Invalid. A dialog as shown in Fig. 5-9
will ask for confirmation. Confirm the invalidation by pressing Yes.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
5-15
Fig. 5-9:
A confirmation is required to invalidate a sample.
5.4 Status
The Status screen shows the current status of the machine as is shown in Fig. 5-10. The information is
grouped into five sections:
1.
Machine status flags
They show whether the device is ready for measurement (Ready), is counting (Busy) and if any warnings or alarms are present. If a warning is present details will be displayed in the Status Bar at the
bottom of the screen. For alarms see section 4.6 for details.
2.
Loader
It shows the x, y and z coordinates of the sample grabber. Also shows whether the loader cover is
open or closed and shows the magazine position of the active sample.
3.
Drive 1 & Drive 2
Drive 1 represents the theta drive and Drive 2 represents the 2theta drive. The lights show if the drives
are ready and running and will also show any errors present.
4.
Spectrometer
The section shows details of the spectrometer such as the theta, 2theta, tube conditions, and count
rates. It also shows the selected primary filter, crystal and mask.
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DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
5.
Ready flags
Before a measurement can be performed all ready flags have to be set. This section shows what parts
of the machine are ready for measurement and can be useful for diagnostics.
Fig. 5-10:
The Status screen shows the current status of the machine.
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5.4.1 Schedule
The Status screen also contains a Schedule button which shows all samples waiting to be measured.
The Schedule page is shown in Fig. 5-11. This page shows the samples position in the queue (#), the
magazine position, the sample ID, the expected start time, the expected end time, and for active samples, a progress bar. To close the page, simply press the OK button.
Fig. 5-11:
5-18
The Schedule page shows are samples in the measurement queue.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
5.5 Tools
The Tools screen contains seven pages of options and information which are described in this section.
5.5.1 Appearance
The Appearance page contains options that affect the appearance of the Loader screen. Here you can
select a 3D or 2D graphical loader, the movement direction of the cursor and whether the magazine
(tray) position is displayed. These options do not affect the measurement process in any way.
Fig. 5-12:
The Appearance page contains options that affect the appearance of the Loader screen.
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5.5.2 Measure
The Measure options affect how measurements are started and the priority at which they run and are
shown in Fig. 5-13. By default after defining a sample (see section 4.3.1) the sample will not be added
to the measurement queue and the cursor will move onto the next empty magazine position (Automove). This is suitable when a large number of samples need to be defined but you do not want to
measure the samples immediately. The Auto-move option can be switch off by simply pressing the
Off button. If you wish to send the sample to the measurement queue immediately after it has been
defined, simply switch the Auto-measure option on.
Samples can also be defined and measured using the SPECTRAplus software. The Priority options set
the priority level of the TouchControl samples. High priority will interrupt SPECTRAplus samples, normal priory will measure TouchControl samples first but will not interrupt SPECTRAplus and low priority
will measure TouchControl last. Normal priority is recommended.
Fig. 5-13:
5-20
The Measure page contains options that affect the measurement.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
5.5.3 Options
The Option page allows you to choose your Application Shortcuts (see section 4.3.1), choose your
language, set your preferred date-format & temperature scale, and enable the auto log-off option. Fig.
5-14 shows the Options page.
Fig. 5-14:
The Options page contains options that affect the settings.
Fig. 5-15 shows how to add or remove an Application Shortcut. Shortcuts are applications which are
represented as a button in the Loader screen. This allows a user to choose their application with a
single button press. It is recommended that you include frequently used applications in your shortcuts.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
5-21
Other Applications
Fig. 5-15:
Shortcuts
To add an application to the Shortcuts, select the application using the selection list on
the left and press 'Add'. To remove a Shortcut, select the application on the right and
press 'Remove'.
The auto log-off option will automatically log the current user off if there has been a period of inactivity.
The period of inactivity can be set as either 5 or 10 minutes. This option is recommended to prevent
unauthorized operators using the machine if the current operator forgets to log off.
TouchControl is available in various languages; simply select your language by pressing the appropriate button.
The date format used in TouchControl can be switch between month/day/year & day/month year.
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DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
5.5.4 User Editor

The User editor page which is shown in Fig. 5-16 is used to add or change the privileges of a user. It is
only available from the admin account. It is recommended to add a user for every operator that uses
the S8 TIGER. It is also recommended that you change the default password for the user admin.
Fig. 5-16:
The User editor page is used to add a new user or change the privileges of an existing
user.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
5-23
Changing a password
To change a password, select the user from the Selection List on the left-hand side and press the
'Change Password' button. You will now be asked to enter the new password, which is entered using
the Screen-Keyboard. Press the OK button when you have finished. Remember to make a note of
your new password and store it in a safe place. If you forget your password you will need to contact
your Bruker AXS representative.
Adding new users
It is recommended that you add a user for every operator that will use the S8 TIGER. This will enable
you to track who measured a particular sample and if you wish, grant limited access to the software
options. You may want to spend some time using the S8 TIGER before adding new users, so that you
can decide what options to set. Alternatively you can add users straightaway and change their privileges at a later date.
To add a new user, press the 'Add User' button. A dialog will be displayed which is shown in Fig. 5-17.
Enter the username and password using the Screen Keyboard.
Fig. 5-17:
5-24
Adding a new user.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Changing a user's privileges (access rights)

After you have added a new user you will need to select their privileges. By default all users have access to the Loader screen, where samples are defined and measured. Restricting access to other
parts of the software can simplify the operation for new users, but also limits the functionality. Remember that a user's privileges can be changed at any time using this procedure. Fig. 5-18 shows the
user privilege options.
Fig. 5-18:
Users can have various privileges which are shown above.
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5.5.5 S8Tools
The S8Tools page allows a manual mask to be inserted into the machine, initialize the device and start
the advanced S8Tools which can help diagnose any problem with the device. The S8Tools screen is
shown in Fig. 5-19.
Fig. 5-19:
S8Tools allow the operator to insert a manual mask and diagnose.
Manual mask
Some applications require a specific mask size for measurement. The S8 TIGER is equipped with an
automatic mask changer for up to 3 masks (automatic masks). If an additional mask size is required
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DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
for measurement, it can be inserted using the S8Tools page (manual mask). The S8Tools pages show
the current installed mask and a list of available manual masks.
Mask changes can only be performed when the machine is idle and not measuring a sample. To insert
a mask press the Change Mask button and the dialog shown in Fig. 5-20 will be displayed. Wait for
the chamber shutter to open before opening the magazine cover. Insert the mask into the correct location.
Fig. 5-20:
Mask change. Simply select the required mask change above.
Initialize S8
If there is a problem with the device you may try to re-initialize it by pressing this button.
S8Tools (advanced)
If a problem persists you can start S8Tools (advanced) by pressing the Start S8Tools (Advanced)
button. Using the separate S8Tools program requires specific training.
The S8Tools program can also be started from the external PC.
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5.5.6 Help & About

The Help page contains an on-line version of this manual. The About page which is shown in Fig. 5-21
contains version information and Bruker AXS contact details and can be useful if you report a problem
to Bruker AXS.
Fig. 5-21:
5-28
The About page contains version information and contact details.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
5.6 Alarms
If the machine experiences a problem an alarm may be displayed. All alarms are displayed in the
Loader screen. While an alarm is active no measurement can be run. An example of an active alarm is
shown in Fig. 5-22. Follow the instructions on the Alarm message to clear the alarm. You may be advised to use S8Tools (advanced) to diagnose and clear the alarm. If you have difficultly clearing an
alarm or you feel you are experiencing problems you should contact your Bruker AXS representative.
Fig. 5-22:
An Alarm message. In this example a generator error is reported.
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DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Operating the S8 TIGER
Measuring Samples with QUANT-EXPRESS

QUANT-EXPRESS offers users of the S8 TIGER the fast and complete quantitative analysis of unknown samples without performing a calibration. Therefore, it is standardless for the user. QUANTEXPRESS is set up to analyze liquid, solid or powdered samples as prepared for the most common
XRF specimens.
Note
All systems are equipped with a temporary installation of QUANT-EXPRESS.
The example in the following sections shows how to measure an unknown sample with the QUANTEXPRESS application.
Start material specific and other applications in the same way. Some sample information might not be
required and can be skipped.
You can measure samples with either vacuum or helium modes. The following table offers guidance
on which mode to choose.
Method
Shortcut
Sample
Atmospheric Helium
AtmHe
Volatile liquids
Helium
He
Liquids, powders and granulates
Separated vacuum
Svac
Pressed samples
Vacuum
Vac
Compact solids
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
6-1
Sample Preparation
The sample is prepared according to best practice experience and using the respective preparation
equipment in the laboratory. Tab. 6-1 gives an overview of the most common materials and the recommended sample preparation method:
Tab. 6-1:
Sample preparation techniques for typical samples
Shape
Typically Material
Compact
solids
Metals
Polymers
Important
Polishing
Milling
Hot melting
Flat surface
Pressed pellet
(Milling and Pressing)
Homogenous sample
(Using wax as a binder to form a stable specimen)
Homogenous sample
Reduction of matrix effects and grain size effects
Powders
Chemicals
Geological
samples
Granulates
Chemicals
Polymers
Cup with polymer film
Quick preparation method

(less accurate)
Liquids
Fuels
Solvents
Water
Oils, Grease
Cup with polymer film
Film must be chemically resistant against the sample

(Mylar for fuels, Prolene for oils)
Reduction of intensities for light elements due to
absorption in the film
Fused bead
6-2
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Basic Operation without Touchscreen

The S8 TIGER and a PC with the software SPECTRAplus are connected together via a network. To
define and start measurements start SPECTRAplus on your PC. Basic operation with SPECTRAplus and
how to measure a sample is described in the SPECTRAplus V2 User Manual.
Basic Operation with TouchControlTM

Defining and starting measurements is easy with TouchControl. TouchControl is one of the new developments for the S8 TIGER which provides a simple and failsafe operation of the S8 TIGER. The
intuitive design makes it easy to perform measurements. This applies to both unknown samples analyzed using QUANT-EXPRESS and to routine measurements applying specific calibrations. This chapter will explain how samples are defined and measurements are made with TouchControl.
Routine Check
To verify the correct functionality of the S8 TIGER and to recognize the need of maintenance for the
system we recommend that you run a system check regularly. Bruker AXS has already installed two
methods on the S8 TIGER, the S8 CHECK and the QE CHECK.
For material specific applications we recommend that you apply the same quality procedure based on
a stable sample (please refer to the "SPECTRAplus V2 User Manual").
Note
We recommend that you perform the routine check once a week. To comply with even
stricter quality rules we recommend that you run it on a daily basis.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
6-3
Instrument Performance Verification S8 CHECK

During the measurement of typical samples with the S8 TIGER, a lot of different parameters must be
properly adjusted in a short time. These are, for example, the atmospheric mode of the sample chamber, sample rotation, tube current and voltage, detector high voltage, detector type, filter wheel, mask,
collimator, crystal type, theta and 2 theta drive.
To verify the instrument quality and to enable a fast diagnosis of the instrument performance a specific
method is installed, called S8 CHECK:
1.
Load the sample STG 2 in a sample cup with 34 mm mask size and place it on the loader.
Fig. 6-1:
2.
6-4
Loader screen S8 CHECK.
Now select the appropriate position on the screen by touching it with the finger.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
3.
Press the button S8 CHECK. If the button S8 CHECK is not displayed, first select and press
others. Now select S8 CHECK.
4.
Start the measurement by pressing START on the touchscreen.
The loader of the S8 TIGER now picks up the sample and loads it automatically. The sample is analyzed under vacuum. After the measurement the result is displayed at the bottom of the page.
Fig. 6-2:
Results check for the instrument performance verification S8 CHECK.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
6-5
Note
Please note that your measurement results might differ from the results of the example
shown in the figure above. This is due to changes between the reference sample lots.
Compare your results and tolerances with the results of the acceptance protocol in your
supplement folder chapter 3. These results apply particularly to your
S8 TIGER system.
If the results are outside the limits please refer to the chapter "Troubleshooting" in this manual.
Verification of the Installation of QUANT-EXPRESS QE CHECK

In addition to the standardless analysis of unknown samples QUANT-EXPRESS is also the basis of
the integrated analytical intelligence and the initial setup of the global drift correction for the S8 TIGER.
It assists during the setup of individual methods. It is therefore recommended to check the QUANTEXPRESS installation on your S8 TIGER.
For this purpose a specific method was setup in the factory called QE CHECK:
1.
6-6
Load the sample STG 2 in a sample cup with 34 mm mask size and place it on the loader.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Fig. 6-3:
Loader screen QE CHECK.
2.
Now select the appropriate position.
3.
Press the button QE CHECK. If the button QE CHECK is not displayed, first select and press
others. Now select QE CHECK
4.
Start the measurement by pressing MEASURE.
The loader of the S8 TIGER now picks up the sample and loads it automatically into the sample
chamber. The sample is now analyzed under vacuum. Upon completion, the result is displayed at the
bottom of the page.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
6-7
Fig. 6-4:
Results check for the QE CHECK measurement.
Note
Please note that your measurement results might differ from the results of the example
shown in the figure above. This is due to changes between the reference sample lots.
Compare your results and tolerances with the results of the acceptance protocol in your
supplement folder chapter 3. These results apply particularly to your
S8 TIGER system.
If the results are outside the limits please refer to the chapter "Troubleshooting" in this manual.
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DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Performing a Measurement with QUANT-EXPRESS

According to the analytical target, the samples are measured with predefined measurement methods
and evaluated using the master calibration. Due to the powerful fundamental parameter method,
based on the variable alpha model and predefined line overlay corrections, all different kind of samples can be fully analyzed with QUANT-EXPRESS.
Sample specific information must be entered before starting the sample to achieve the best possible
results with QUANT-EXPRESS. All necessary information is entered following the dialog of TouchControl to completely define the samples.
The specimen is placed on the loader tray using the appropriate sample cup. According to the sample
size, the respective mask in the sample cup has to be used. This mask and the collimator mask must
fit together. Depending on the configuration of the S8 TIGER you may be asked to place the appropriate collimator mask in the instrument before you can analyze smaller samples.
Define the measurement on the basis of the following six steps:
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
6-9
Step 1: Sample I.D.

Now you can start the measurement of the sample by touching the correct sample position in the
Loader screen of the S8 TIGER and the button QUANT-EXPRESS.
Fig. 6-5:
Loader screen select QUANT-EXPRESS.
Note
If the button QUANT-EXPRESS is not shown on your screen, press OTHER to achieve a
listing of all installed applications where you will find also QUANT-EXPRESS. The button
can be created on the tool page.
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DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Now you are asked to enter the sample ID using the keyboard on the touchscreen. This is important
for the correct identification of the sample. All related information is stored using this sample ID in the
measurement database. Please confirm the sample ID by pressing the button NEXT>.
Fig. 6-6:
Enter sample ID.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
6-11
Step 2: Material
For sample evaluation, QUANT-EXPRESS can integrate additional sample information about the matrix composition and light elements. Even if those elements cannot be measured directly by XRF. This
is needed to achieve a good quantitative result. By default, QUANT-EXPRESS comes with three
evaluation models.
Tab. 6-2:
Evaluation models of QUANT-EXPRESS
Method
Matrix
Material
Elements
none
Metals, chemicals, ores
Oxides
none
Glass, geological samples, oxidized chemicals, ceramics
Organics
CH2
Oils, fuels, solvents, polymers, grease
Choose the right evaluation model for your sample, here Elements for a metal sample and press
NEXT>.
Note
Additional matrix information about your sample or concentrations for light elements which
has been determined by another method can be included during the interactive evaluation
using the program EVAL2 and will further improve the results.
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DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Fig. 6-7:
Sample materials.
The program Application Setup is used to create customized evaluation models (.evm file). The
evaluation models are based on user input like sample type and competition. The .evm files must be
stored in the directory SPECplus/Libraries/Calibrations on the hard drive on the S8 TIGER. At the next
start-up of QUANT-EXPRESS these models will be shown automatically on the screen.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
6-13
Step 3: Preparation
QUANT-EXPRESS automatically calculates and displays the concentration values of the original sample prior to preparation. Effective sample dilution and chemicals used during the preparation of the
specimen, e.g. wax or flux, are taken into account during the evaluation. Also the information about
the sample shape (diameter, thickness, weight) will help QUANT-EXPRESS to properly correct for
sample effects.
All preparation methods stored in the central database fluo.mdb are displayed. Press the preparation
button according to the sample and press NEXT>. In our case the metal sample is defined as
SOLID, the diameter of the metal disk is 40 mm and infinitely thick for XRF.
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DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Fig. 6-8:
Selection of the sample preparation.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
6-15
Step 4: Mode
All atmospheric modes can be used to perform measurements with QUANT-EXPRESS. Compact solid
samples are typically measured in VACUUM. The highest sensitivity for light elements is achieved in
vacuum. If your S8 TIGER is equipped with the vacuum seal of SampleCareTM and helium flushing
unit, three additional modes are available: SEPARATE VACUUM, HELIUM and ATMOSPERIC HELIUM.
The metal disk is run under vacuum by pressing VACUUM and Next>.
Note
QUANT-EXPRESS automatically recognizes sample preparation methods which cannot
be run under vacuum. If the sample is filled into a liquid cup (with a polymer film as bottom) the vacuum modes are automatically disabled. This is true only if the preparation
method is properly defined.
6-16
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Fig. 6-9:
Selection of the measurement mode.
Also if the instrument is not equipped with helium flushing unit and a vacuum seal only the vacuum
mode is displayed. In this case the instrument is configured to analyze only compact solid samples.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
6-17
Step 5: Diameter
Within this step the sample diameter is defined. According to the instrument configuration all available
masks are displayed in the combo box. The S8 TIGER allows the use of two mask types: Automatic
masks in the mask changer, this is recommended. If you own manual masks from other Bruker instruments, you can also use most of them. Also, some of the low background small area masks are
only available as manual mask.
If an automatic mask is selected, the S8 TIGER automatically installs the corresponding mask before
the measurement. If a manual mask is chosen, you will be asked before the measurement to place the
corresponding mask in the sample chamber. Note that after this measurement you may need to
change back to another mask to run new samples.
Select the appropriate mask, in our example 34mm is selected.
6-18
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Fig. 6-10:
Selection of the sample mask diameter.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
6-19
Step 6: Measurement Method

In the next combo box you select the measurement method according to the analytical target. By default there are three different methods installed:
Tab. 6-3:
QUANT-EXPRESS measurement methods
Method
Typical duration
Target
Fast Screening
~ 3 minutes
Fast characterization of totally unknown samples with

determination of major elements
Full Analysis
~ 8 minutes1
Full quantitative analysis of major and minor elements

in the sample
Best Detection
~ 15 minutes1
Analysis of all elements down to the trace concentration level
Note
Prolonging the measurement time especially for trace elements will improve data quality
and result in lower detection limits for these elements.
Note
When setting measurement times for measurement methods, take into account to which
degree your sample and the element distribution remains stable during the measurement.
In liquids one often observes element separation, e.g. heavier elements collect at the bottom close to the foil.
The total measurement time for each sample may change according to the sample composition. The measurement methods of QUANT EXPRESS run the samples using the automatic count rate reduction to avoid detector
saturation. The current of the X-ray tube is automatically reduced so that the intensity of each major element is
measured in the linear range of the detector.
6-20
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Measurement methods with customized settings can be stored in the path \Measurement methods\QuantExpress. The file name must include settings for the mode and mask size, the name of the
file must end with the corresponding naming, e.g. *-Vac34mm.mm for the vacuum mode and 34 mm
mask.
Fig. 6-11:
Selection of the measurement method.
Select now Full Analysis to finish the sample definition. The sample is now ready to be measured.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
6-21
Starting the Measurement
Fig. 6-12:
Start the measurement.
You may now start the sample by pressing the button MEASURE. The sample grabber picks up the
cup and places the sample in the chamber. The S8 TIGER automatically adjusts mode and sample
6-22
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
mask and performs the measurement. When the measurement is finished, the sample is automatically
placed to its original position. The next sample will be loaded.
Fig. 6-13:
Status during the measurement.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
6-23
Viewing and Printing the Results

The result is displayed at the bottom of the LOADER page of TouchControl or can be retrieved from
the database of the RESULTS page. Print the results pressing the button PRINT".
Fig. 6-14:
6-24
Results after the measurement.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
The results could also be retrieved performing a database search on the screen "Results.
Fig. 6-15:
Result screen.
You may now check the results. It is recommended to check the quality of the result in EVAL2 interactively. By default QUANT-EXPRESS performs the measurement in scan mode. The major benefit is
that the user can change interactively later analytical settings (analytical lines), check for line overlays,
provide more detailed sample information (matrix compounds) or correct sample preparation parameters. The quality of the analytical result may improve and the new evaluation can be stored in the database as a new record.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
6-25
User Calibrations with SPECTRAplus

The typical use of modern WDXRF instrumentation is accurate and precise quality and process control. Therefore in most cases calibrations specific to material groups are created. To run a sample on
the S8 TIGER and get concentration values for this sample the following files are needed. These files
are automatically created and saved during the calibration process with SPECTRAplus. (Please refer to
the software manual!). The evaluation method is the file which finally creates the button in TouchControl.
Tab. 6-4:
Files needed for SPECTRAplus custom calibrations.
Evaluation Method
<My application.evm>
links all files and information for the measurement and the
evaluation of the sample
Measurement Method
<My application.mm>
contains all information about measurement parameters

e.g. mode, mask size, time, element specific lines (name),
Calibration file
<My calibration.fcl>
contains all calibration parameters

e.g. sensitivities, offsets, line overlay factors, matrix correction type and factors,
Line Library
S8-LineLibrary.fll
contains all element lines with their measurement parameters (collimator, crystal, detector type and discriminators,
dead time, peak and background positions, drift correction
settings and information,)
Preparation database
Fluo.mdb
contains all information about standards and their preparation, also about preparation types
Results database
Measure.mdb
all sample information is stored in this database

e.g. sample I.D., time, date and duration, concentration values, operator,
Specification database
Specification.mdb
contains all information about specifications

e.g. warning and alarm limits
Instrument configuration
S8-configuration.cnf
contains the installed instrument configuration

e.g. crystals, collimators, detectors
6-26
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Servicing and Maintaining

the Spectrometer System
Cleaning the Spectrometer System

Warning
Before you start cleaning you must turn off all power and isolate the machine from the
mains supply.
Exterior Panels
For cleaning the side panels and also the interior of the sample magazine use a damp cloth. Do not
use soap or aggressive cleansing agents. The transparent sample magazine cover can be cleaned
with any standard household-type window detergent.
Sample Magazine / Loader
The sample magazine and the sample cups should be kept clean and dry. The sample cups can be
washed with hot soapy water or an organic solvent and dried prior to use.
Note
Solvents should be disposed of in accordance with local regulations.
Larger particles of dirt on the sample magazine or inside the loader can be removed with a vacuum
cleaner.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
7-1
Operators Manual
Touchscreen
To clean the touchscreen, avoid the use of abrasives or aggressive solvents. Only use a soft damp
cloth with a mild detergent if necessary.
Handling the STG Samples

Bruker AXS provides with each S8 TIGER a set of stable samples (graphite, metals and glass samples) used for the alignment of the instrument and drift correction/recalibration of quantitative methods.
It is very important to handle these samples very carefully, since the analytical performance and quality of the results depends on the correct measurement of these samples.
Keep the samples in a safe, clean and dry place (e.g. desiccator).
Always keep the surface free of dust and fingerprints!
Clean the surface of the regular base must be cleaned with pure alcohol and a lintfree tissue.
This procedure allows retaining the same high quality on results over time. In case of sample damage
or high deviation of the results contact the Bruker AXS representative for a replacement of the sample.
7-2
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Operators Manual
Refilling the Deionized Water of the Internal Cooling

Unit
Important Safety Instructions
Danger of High Voltage
When the equipment is connected to the mains supply, high voltage (i.e. voltage ranging
from 110V up to 60kV) will be present at the terminals of the mains distribution unit and
within the various internal components of the S8 spectrometer system.
Therefore, it is absolutely necessary to switch off the external mains supply before opening the side panels of the S8 spectrometer. It is not sufficient to press the Power OFF
button on the front of the S8 spectrometer.
The mains supply must be switched off at a wall socket (by removing the mains supply
plug, see Fig. 7-2) or a switch external to the S8 spectrometer.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
7-3
Operators Manual
Warning: Electrical Hazards due to Leakage of Cooling Water!

Inside the S8 spectrometer there are closed loop water circuitries for cooling the X-ray
tube, the X-ray generator and also for the internal air-conditioning. In addition to that, S83kW and S8-4kW instruments are provided with water hoses which are connected to the
buildings water supply system.
If there are any water leakages (caused by faulty components or by accident during the
refilling of the internal water reservoir) the S8 spectrometer must be turned off instantly!
This must be done by switching off the automatic circuit breaker or power disconnector
which is located in the vicinity of the instrument. It is not sufficient to just turn off the spectrometer using the power-off button as some terminals inside the instrument will stay connected to mains supply voltage.
The S8 must stay powered-off until the leakage source has been repaired and all wet regions have been dried thoroughly. Be aware, there is a high danger of electrical shocks
whenever there is leakage of water!
Warning: Hot Surfaces

Several components (mainly all stepper motors, the air heating element, the water pump
and the vacuum pump) of the S8 spectrometer get very hot during standard operation due
to power dissipation and could cause severe burns when being touched. Normally, these
components cannot be accessed as the S8s side panels are installed and, the motors
inside the sample loader are covered by metal pieces. But, during maintenance and repair
the hot surfaces could be touched by accident.
Be aware that the surface temperature of internal S8 components might exceed 100C
(212F) whenever the S8 is switched on. Before touching any of these components turn
off the instrument and wait until the components have cooled down sufficiently.
7-4
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Operators Manual
How to Check the Water Level?

Due to evaporation or very small leaks in the water circuit the water has to be refilled sometimes.
The water level is controlled by the instrument control software of the S8 TIGER.
The S8 TIGER shows warning if the water level in the reservoir is low.
The S8 TIGER shows alarm if the water level in the reservoir is below a critical limit.
Warning
Only use deionized water!
Warning
If the system shows ALARM the HV immediately switch off, and can not be switched on
again!
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
7-5
Operators Manual
Display on the S8 TIGER LEDs:
In case of a warning the Alarm LED is blinking.
In case of an Alarm the ALARM LED is flushing permanently, the HV can not be switched on.
Display in the S8 Tools:
Instument|Warnings
Instrument|Alarms
Fig. 7-1:
7-6
S8 Tools instrument warning Cooling water level.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Operators Manual
Refilling the Cooling Water
Refill the water for the external cooling unit.
Switch the S8 TIGER off like described in chapter 3 Switching the Instrument On and Off (on
page 3-6). Disconnect the S8 TIGER from the mains power (pull the mains plug).
Fig. 7-2:
Disconnect the mains power.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
7-7
Operators Manual
Remove the rear panel of the S8 TIGER. Use a slit screwdriver and open the 3 lock screws (1-3),
turn clockwise:
Fig. 7-3:
7-8
Backside view.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Fig. 7-4:
Operators Manual
Backside view with removed back panel.
It is not necessary to remove the gas pipes; theyre fixed internally, not on the rear panel. If you put the
rear panel carefully to the backside you will automatically loose the ground plugs.
Note
Be careful, not to disconnect the USB and the LAN-Plugs!
The water tank is placed on the left side, above the vacuum pump (see Fig. 7-5).
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
7-9
Operators Manual
Fig. 7-5:
Refill of the deionized water reservoir.
Open both of the thumb screws and remove the cover of the cooling water reservoir. Use a watering can or the funnel and hose delivered with the system to refill the reservoir. Fill just up to 5mm
from the top of the reservoir.
Warning
Only use deionized water!
Put the cover to the tank and fix it with the thumb screws. Put the rear panel back, be careful with
the gas hoses and dont forget to plug the ground cable, USB and LAN if they were disconnected.
Use a screwdriver to fix the rear panel.
7-10
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Reconnect the system to the mains power. Plug in the mains connector.
Fig. 7-6:
Operators Manual
Reconnect to the mains power.
Switch on the S8 TIGER like described in chapter 3 Switching the Instrument On and Off (on
page 3-1).
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
7-11
Operators Manual
Changing the P10 Detector Gas

S8 TIGER using SPECTRAplus V2
Reason
Due to slightly different mixtures and tanks it is necessary to readjust the high voltage settings for the
system after a tank change. The realignment can be done by the help of a SPECTRAplus program
called SpectrometerAlignment.exe.
Changing the Tank

Note
Make sure that no measurements are running at that time.
Select Meascontrol.
Type RC0.
Select S8 TOOLS.
Select ONLINE.
Select Counter Gas.
7-12
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Fig. 7-7:
Operators Manual
S8 TOOLS ONLINE Counter Gas.
Select Utilities.
Select Countergas Utilities.
Select Countergas OFF.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
7-13
Operators Manual
Fig. 7-8:
7-14
S8 TOOLS ONLINE Counter Gas Off.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Fig. 7-9:
Operators Manual
S8 TOOLS ONLINE Counter Gas Status.
Select Spectrometer Mode.
Select Utilities Operating Mode Utilities and change mode to AIR.
Now the P10 tank can be changed!
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
7-15
Operators Manual
Warning
Close the MAIN VALVE on the tank and detach the SERVICE label. Screw on the valve
protector BEFORE removing the tank from the wall or cabinet. NEVER leave a tank standing WITHOUT the protection cap and WITHOUT any attachment to prevent the tank from
tipping over.
REMOVE the used tank before attaching a new tank.
Secure the new tank before removing the protection cap. Remove the protection cap and
attach the regulator. Tighten the connection! Be sure not to change the secondary pressure setting.
Check with some foamed up soap water for leaks in the connection to the regulator. The
regulator should be set to 0.5bars/7psi. You can only adjust the secondary side IF gas is
flowing.
7-16
Select Utilities-Counter gas utilities Counter gas ON.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Fig. 7-10:
Operators Manual
S8 TOOLS ONLINE Counter Gas On.
Wait until the Counter Gas set flag comes on (second red circle), see Fig. 7-11.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
7-17
Operators Manual
Fig. 7-11:
S8 TOOLS ONLINE Counter Gas Set flag.
If you encounter any errors adjust the pressure accordingly and/or check the supply.
Select SpectrometerAlignment from the SPECTRA plus LAUNCHER.
7-18
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Fig. 7-12:
Operators Manual
SpectrometerAlignment.
Tick the Flow counter box.
Verify that the sample position for the STG samples is correct, or enter the positions where they are
located at.
Hit start.
Once it is finished the EXIT button will be active again.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
7-19
Operators Manual
Checking the HV-Alignment
Check for a message (a green status light means OK according to the specifications, a yellow
status light means WARNINGS and a red status light means PROBLEM).
If the message relates to warnings or errors check the SUMMARY1.tsv file and the SpectrometerAlignment.log file, which are located in the SPECPLUS\datafiles\info directory. If the Summary files
are not created please refer to the appendix on how to have them created.
In any case it is advisable to have a look at the SUMMARY1 file. Locate the summary section for your
current alignment and compare the settings for HV and Resolution with the previous settings obtained.
Please check the deviations carefully as they are typically in the range of only a few Volts. If the deviations are much higher something has gone wrong (e.g. the composition of the gas changed a lot).
If the resolution increased by more than 50% from the FIRST resolution the wire needs to be changed
(as well as the FC window).
S8 TIGER
Summary of Peak alignment function on 16-Sep-2008 23:07:05
Sample
Line
QuantExpress-STG
QuantExpress-STG
QuantExpress-STG
QuantExpress-STG
QuantExpress-STG
QuantExpress-STG
7-20
Initial Measured
KCps Status
Al KA1/S8-Check
Ca KA1/S8-Check
Fe KA1/S8-Check
Na KA1/S8-Check
Si KA1/S8-Check
Sb KA1/S8-Check
144.661
113.037
57.489
25.007
109.026
13.415
144.687
113.127
57.570
25.008
109.009
13.457
18.203
157.61
7.2848
249.56
244.73
40.92
Adjusted
Adjusted
Adjusted
Not Adjusted
Adjusted
Adjusted
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Operators Manual
Instrument S/N 4157 - Calibration report created on 16-Sep-2008 23:07:06

Operator: Admin
Line
Sample_ID
Xtal
Soller
Det.
ZI1
ZI2
Int
Fe KA1
QuantExpress-GRA
LiF200
0.23
Zn KB1
QuantExpress-SQ1
LiF200
0.23
Zn KB1
QuantExpress-SQ1
LiF200
Zn KB1
QuantExpress-SQ1
LiF200
FWHM HV
Res.
ZI7
ZIMask
Gas
---
---
---
---
---
Scint
---
---
90.376
---
---
---
---
30.70
---
79.750
0.23
Gas
-0.961
10.194
77.645
0.346
---
---
0.23
Gas
---
---
---
---
1493
14
Zn KB1
QuantExpress-SQ1
LiF200
0.23
Scint
-0.958
-24.807
104.138
0.331
---
---
Zn KB1
QuantExpress-SQ1
LiF200
0.23
Scint
---
---
---
---
677
35
Zn KB1
QuantExpress-SQ1
LiF200
0.46
Gas
-0.938
10.216
122.697
0.589
---
---
Zn KB1
QuantExpress-SQ1
LiF200
0.46
Scint
-0.929
-24.787
93.377
0.563
---
---
Zn KB1
QuantExpress-SQ1
LiF220
0.23
Gas
-0.915
10.166
35.355
0.355
---
---
Zn KB1
QuantExpress-SQ1
LiF220
0.23
Gas
---
---
---
---
1454
15
Zn KB1
QuantExpress-SQ1
LiF220
0.23
Scint
-0.909
-24.824
114.593
0.339
---
---
Zn KB1
QuantExpress-SQ1
LiF220
0.23
Scint
---
---
---
---
650
36
Zn KB1
QuantExpress-SQ1
LiF220
0.46
Gas
-0.891
10.188
56.232
0.599
---
---
Zn KB1
QuantExpress-SQ1
LiF220
0.46
Scint
-0.886
-24.802
118.784
0.574
---
---
Na KA1
QuantExpress-STG
XS-55
0.23
Gas
-0.810
10.585
128.086
0.557
---
---
Na KA1
QuantExpress-STG
XS-55
0.23
Gas
---
---
---
---
1750
39
Na KA1
QuantExpress-STG
XS-55
0.46
Gas
-0.793
10.596
245.616
0.736
---
---
Na KA1
QuantExpress-STG
XS-55
1.00
Gas
-0.799
10.596
172.858
1.135
---
---
N KA1
QuantExpress-BN
XS-N
1.00
Gas
-0.848
10.538
8.503
2.196
---
---
N KA1
QuantExpress-BN
XS-N
1.00
Gas
---
---
---
---
1737
80
N KA1
QuantExpress-BN
XS-N
0.46
Gas
-0.848
10.538
4.534
2.013
---
---
C KA1
QuantExpress-GRA
XS_C
1.00
Gas
-0.903
10.393
30.081
2.428
---
---
C KA1
QuantExpress-GRA
XS_C
1.00
Gas
---
---
---
---
1746
91
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
7-21
Operators Manual
C KA1
QuantExpress-GRA
XS_C
0.46
Gas
-0.903
10.393
60.324
2.303
---
---
P KA1
QuantExpress-SQ2
PET
0.23
Gas
-0.987
10.213
72.728
0.377
---
---
P KA1
QuantExpress-SQ2
PET
0.23
Gas
---
---
---
---
1580
28
P KA1
QuantExpress-SQ2
PET
0.46
Gas
-0.970
10.220
116.644
0.586
---
---
Please note down the the HVs and Resolutions (Res.) in the LOG spreadsheet.
The changes in the example are small and show that all is ok. Drift correction is not necessary.
If you see the resolution go up there will be a problem with a contaminated FC wire and the foil.
If the HV goes down the detector is leaking and the foil needs to be replaced.
In order to replace a contaminated wire please contact the Bruker AXS service organisation or representative or refer to the FC Detector Service Procedure.
Checking User Specific Calibrations
Run the check samples, which are defined for your methods and verify that the concentration
values stay within their limits. If they are out of bounds perform the drift correction for those methods as usual and rerun the respective check sample(s).
To check the instrument as compared to the installation you also can use the Instrument check application S8 CHECK.
7-22
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Operators Manual
Checking the S8 TIGER and QUANT-EXPRESS with

S8 CHECK and QE CHECK
For QUANT-EXPRESS the check sample is the glass sample designated STG2.
The obtained values are compared to the Installation Acceptance Test data sheet (Values obtained at
customer site). They have to be within the prescribed limits as outlined in the test.
Use the 34 mm Mask and sample cup and load the clean sample. To start the S8 CHECK and QE
CHECK from the external Loader program:
Start the LOADER.
Load the definition file drift correction.def if it is not already loaded.
Select the position on the displayed loader tray.
Select from the menu STANDARDS the tab DRIFT CORRECTION.
Select the Application QE-Check-Vac34 and S8-Check-Vac34.
Now select the control standards from the menu.
Click on IMPORT to load the samples.
Start the samples by clicking the SEND CURRENT SAMPLE or SEND SELECTED SAMPLES or
SEND ALL SAMPLES.
Check results and limits in QUERY RES.
Alternatively you can use TouchControl to start the sample from the window LOADER:
Click in the window SELECT YOUR APPLICATION on the DRIFT-Button.
Select the method QE-CHECK or S8-CHECK.
Press on CONTROL STANDARDS.
Load the STG sample on the tray.
Start the sample by clicking on MEASURE.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
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Operators Manual
Fig. 7-13:
7-24
Loader Drift correction S8 CHECK and QE CHECK.
Print the results and compare with the values from the acceptance test, or in lieu of this with results obtained at a day close to the installation of the software, If the values are within the prescribed limits no further actions are necessary, else it is necessary to run the drift correction/recalibration.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Operators Manual
Recalibration- Drift Correction

The intensity drift that occurs in the lifetime of any spectrometer is compensated by so called recalibration measurements. These measurements compensate the drift by calculating a time depending loss
coefficient by the help of intensity measurements. The recalibration samples (=reference samples) do
not have to be standards of the respective calibration! A typical recalibration sample is long term stable (i.e. no polymers or pressed pellets) and the intensities are roughly in the same magnitude than
the intensities of the calibration standards.
In general there are two kinds of recalibration measurements. On one hand there is the system of the
global recalibration prepared by Bruker AXS for the standardless program delivered with the system.
On the other hand there is the recalibration, drift correction of the specific user methods.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
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Operators Manual
Consumables
Tab. 7-1:
List of consumables
Order number
Name of the item
C79298A3228C10
Helium gas grade4.6 (50l, 200bar)
M34055A1851
Flow counter gas P10
K280C6
Disposable Resin for ion exchanger, 2.7 litre bag to refill K280C5
C71428A4D15
Detector foils, 0.6m, with support frame
C70144A952B40
Flow counter tube wires
7KP19018CF
Ultragrade19 vacuum pump oil, 4 litre can
K120C1
Waste air filter inserts for Edwards vacuum pump

Deionized water
Maintenance Parts Package S8 TIGER

Order Number A15D103/A15D113
Tab. 7-2:
Package A15D103/A15D113 content
Order number
Name of the item
S8 1kW
S8 3kW
S8 4kW
C79298-A3246-B99
Grid with foil
C79298-A3204-C10
Vacuum Seal-O-ring
C71121-Z100-A8
Vacuum Seal-O-ring
C79298-A3204-C17
Sealing-Sample Input
C79298-A3204-C16
Sealing-Sample Chamber
C71121-Z100-A307
O-Ring Tube input
C71121-Z100-A307
O-Ring Tube input
7-26
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Operators Manual
Order number
Name of the item
S8 1kW
S8 3kW
S8 4kW
C79298-A3248-C45
Filter X-Ray Generator
C79121-Z101-A21
Slot Ring
A12D2
Pump for internal cooling unit
K140-C19
Turbine flow meter
7KP19018CF
Ultra grade 19 Vacuum pump oil

(4 liters)
K280-C6
Resin for ion exchanger
Time Intervals for Preventive Maintenance

The time intervals for the checks and maintenance depend on the instrument use; they must be
adapted to the external conditions (e.g. type of samples, environmental influences) and the operating
mode of the instrument.
Bruker AXS recommends an interval of 12 month for normal use and an interval of 6 month for use in
dusty environment or in case of an operation of 24 h per day per 7 days a week.
Service Contracts
There are several service contract levels available to meet your specific needs, covering basic maintenance up to full service support with immediate response.
Please contact your local Bruker AXS representative for the options included in those packages and
prices. Availability may be subject to instrument location.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
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Operators Manual
7-28
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Troubleshooting the System
To troubleshoot a problem concerning your spectrometer system you have the following different
ways:
Use the first aid button (only on the touchscreen).
Call the Bruker AXS Hotline.
Run a system check and comply with the trouble shooting flowchart in this section.
1. Using the First Aid Button on the Touchscreen

The first aid button is used to conveniently recover from common error situations like sample handler
errors and counter gas errors.
The first aid procedure can recover from many situations full-automatically, whereas other situations
may require little user interaction.
If user interaction is required, the first aid procedure explicitly states what the user is expected to do.
The procedure includes the recovery from detector failures, operating mode (air/helium/vacuum) errors, counter gas failures, x-ray safety system errors, sample handler errors, goniometer errors and
other miscellaneous component errors.
While the first aid procedure is active, a status window always shows the user what the procedure is
currently working on.
A timeout counter in the lower left corner indicates how much time the procedure is at most expected
to take.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
8-1
Troubleshooting the Spectrometer System
The first aid function is a component of the S8Tools. You can find the first aid button on the S8Tools
screen of the touchscreen.
Fig. 8-1:
8-2
S8Tools screen with the first aid button.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
2. Calling the Bruker AXS Hotline

Call the international Bruker AXS Hotline for X-ray Fluorescence:
Phone +49 (721) 595-2011 or
send an email to service@bruker-axs.de.
Share your system information with the connected Bruker AXS personnel in the following different
ways:
Participating in a WebEx session or
Using Spectra Mail.
2.1 Participating in a WebEx Session

This section describes the basic use of WebEx for real-time teleconferencing and desktop sharing
over the internet. These procedures are to be performed only by trained Bruker AXS personnel or by
locally authorized persons. All configurations and specifications are subject to change without notice.
Connecting to WebEx
There are two ways to connect to a Bruker / WebEx support session. The first is to use the link in the
email that the Bruker service representative will send. The second is to go to the Web address:
https://bruker-axs.webex.com/bruker-axs/
Both will be described in this document.
Connecting to an Emailed Web Address
The Bruker service representative (host) will send an email to one person, or several when starting a
Support Session. This email will look similar to Fig. 8-2.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
8-3
Fig. 8-2:
Invitation to support session email
Click the Web address (see Fig. 8-2) to open the WebEx Pre-Session Form in your Web browser
(i.e., Internet Explorer).
Note
If your browser does not automatically open the Web address after clicking the link, cut
and paste the Web address from the email directly into you browsers Address Bar.
8-4
Proceed to section "Joining a WebEx Session" to fill in the Pre-Session Form.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Connecting Directly through the Web Site

Open the Web browser and go to the following address:
https://bruker-axs.webex.com/bruker-axs
The Support Session page (Fig. 8-3) will appear.
Fig. 8-3:
Web site Support Session page
Click Join a support session. The Pre-Session Form opens.
Proceed to the next section to fill in the Pre-Session Form.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
8-5
Joining a WebEx Session

Filling in the Pre-Session Form
Fig. 8-4:
8-6
WebEx Pre-Session Form
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Fill in the Support session number that the Host will provide, along with the information for the
primary user of the computer: name, email, and company. If you connected via an email link, the
Support session number will already be filled in.
Note
Your name, email, and company information will be saved for the next session. The Support Session number is unique for every session.
In your Web browser, save this page as a favourite, and name it Bruker AXS WebEx Support.
Installing the WebEx Client ActiveX Control (if necessary)
When starting WebEx, the Windows ActiveX Control WebEx Client may need to be loaded. In
this case, the screen shown in Fig. 8-5 will appear.
If the information bar (see Fig. 8-5) appears, click on it and select Install ActiveX Control.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
8-7
Fig. 8-5:
8-8
Install WebEx Client ActiveX control
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
At the Security Warning window (Fig. 8-6), select Install.
Fig. 8-6:
Security Warning window
Note
The WebEx client will take about two minutes to install, depending on your computer.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
8-9
When installation is finished, the Welcome to Support Center window (Fig. 8-7) will appear. At
this point, you have joined the session.
Fig. 8-7:
8-10
Welcome to Support Center window
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Desktop Sharing and File Transfers
When the WebEx host selects certain actions, dialogs similar to those in Fig. 8-8 may appear.
Check the checkbox for Grant permission and click OK.
Fig. 8-8:
Allow Desktop Control and/or File Transfers dialogs
While sharing the desktop, the desktop will look similar to Fig. 8-9.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
8-11
Fig. 8-9:
Desktop sharing
If you wish to disconnect from any action, click the green Sharing button at the top of the screen
(see Fig. 8-9) and select the appropriate Stop action. This will bring you back to the Welcome to
Support Center window.
Leaving the Session
8-12
When the session is over, select Leave Session from the Welcome window.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
2.2 Using Spectra Mail

Aim
Spectra Mail is aimed at compressing SPECTRAplus data in a single file (in the format SPM). This file
can easily be sent by e-mail for hotline support.
Starting Spectra Mail

1.
In SPECTRAplus Launcher, click on Tools.
2.
Select Spectra Mail.
Creating a Spectra Mail File

Lets say you have created one or several applications using ApplicationWizard and you want to send
the Bruker AXS Hotline team the calibration data as well as data from measured unknown samples. In
that case, we need following data:
The calibration data:

When you create an application using ApplicationWizard, the software creates three files with the
extensions FCL, FQN and EVM. FCL files contain the calibration coefficients, FQN files the arrangement of windows in ApplicationWizard and EVM files the application data (see also Tab. 5-4
p. 5-26 for a file overview).
The measurement methods:

Files for measurement methods have the extension MM.
The unknown samples:

Files for unknown samples have the extension SSD.
Therefore Spectra Mail consists of different tabs that correspond to the different file types: the Unknown Samples tab, the Calibration Methods tab, the Evaluation Model tab (for EVM files). The
Output Results tab shows the compression process.
Here is how to create a Spectra Mail file:
1.
Click on the Calibration Methods tab.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
8-13
2.
Select the FCL file(s).

You can select several items from the list by pressing the CTRL or SHIFT keys.
3.
Click on the Measurement Methods tab.
4.
Select the MM file(s).

5.
Click on the Evaluation Model tab.
6.
Select the EVM file(s).

7.
Click on the Unknown Samples tab.
8.
Select the SSD files corresponding to the measurements that you want to include into the Spectra
Mail file.
9.
Click on File > Save As to create the Spectra Mail file.

During this step, Spectra Mail shows the progress of the compression procedure.
The resulting SPM file can easily be sent by e-mail to the Bruker AXS Hotline.
8-14
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Adding the Full Databases to the Spectra Mail File

When compressing data, Spectra Mail automatically adds the configuration file, the line library as well
as the Fluo.mdb and Measure.mdb databases to the Spectra Mail file.
By default, the databases contain only a reference to the calibration and unknown data you selected.
However you can choose to send the full databases so that the Bruker AXS Hotline people get a
global view of your analytical data.
For this, check the menu items Store Full Database with FCL Files (for the fluo.mdb) and/or Store
Full Measure Database with SSD Files (for the measure.mdb) from the Options menu before saving
the data.
Fig. 8-10:
Spectra Mail options menu.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
8-15
Reference: List of Menus in Spectra Mail

Tab. 8-1:
List of menus in Spectra Mail.
Menu
Command
Description
File
Save As
Saves the selected data into a Spectra Mail file.
File
Exit
Exits Spectra Mail.
Edit
Select All
Selects all items from the current list.
Edit
Unselect All
Unselects all items from the current list.
Edit
Copy to Clipboard
Copies the selected items to the Clipboard. Those items can

be easily exported to a spreadsheet program.
Options
Store Full Database with FCL Files
If checked, saves the full fluo.mdb into the stored Spectra

Mail file. If not checked, the stored fluo.mdb contains only the
records corresponding to the selected FCL. The fluo.mdb
contains the preparation data and the list of standards. Use
this option if you want our Hotline to get a view on all calibration data, including the preparation data, that you created.
Options
Store Full Measure Database with

SSD Files
If checked, saves the full Measure.mdb into the stored Spectra Mail file. If not checked, the stored meaured.mdb contains
only the records corresponding to the selected SSD files.
Use this option if you want our Hotline to get a view of all
measured data.
Options
Using Compression for data
If checked, the data will be compressed into the Spectra Mail

file.
We recommend using this option.
Options
Use Extra Compression
If checked, the compression rate is higher than before. The

resulting file is smaller than before. However, this process
takes more time than before.
Use this option in case the Spectra Mail file is too big to be
sent by e-mail.
8-16
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
3. Trouble Shooting Flowchart

If the results of the S8 CHECK and the QE CHECK are off the defined limits / specification, please
check the following items:
Check the scans using the graphical display in EVAL2 and re-evaluate the sample.
(see SPECTRAplus V2 User's Manual)
Check the samples:

- wrong sample,
- contaminated sample surface,
- overfilled liquid or powder sample cups,
- wrong sample cup mask.
Check all necessary supplies, such as counter gas for flow counters, helium gas and cooling water.
(see chapter "Maintenance" in the S8 TIGER Operator's Manual)
Run S8 CHECK / QE CHECK and comply with the following trouble shooting flowchart.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
8-17
S8 CHECK
QE CHECK
All results OK
YES
Start measuring
your samples
NO
- Clear the alarm

- Take the correct sample
- Clean the sample
- Take the correct sample cup mask
- Check gas and water supply
(see S8 TIGER Operators Manual)
NO
Spectrometer system OK:
- no alarm messages
- right sample, sample clean
- right sample cup mask
- helium gas / counter gas supply
- cooling water supply
YES
S8 CHECK
QE CHECK
Start an instrument alignment and

a drift correction by a Bruker engineer
or an experienced user.
YES
NO
S8 CHECK
QE CHECK
All results OK
All results OK
YES
Start measuring
your samples
NO
Contact your Bruker representative
Fig. 8-11:
8-18
Trouble shooting flowchart.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Overview S8 TIGER Solutions
PETRO-QUANT Version 2.0 or Higher

PETRO-QUANT BASIC for the S8 TIGER The XRF Solution for the
Petrochemical Industry
PETRO-QUANT is a powerful analytical solution developed specifically for the petrochemical industry.
It provides quick and easy quantitative elemental analysis for process and quality control laboratories
with either the world class S8 TIGER spectrometers.
PETRO-QUANT produces both accurate and precise analytical results straight out of the box as the
analyzers are pre-calibrated for a wide range of applications. It frees the user from time consuming
calibration work, saving weeks of commissioning, to ensure your system begins paying back your
investment from the moment it is delivered.
For general analysis of hydrocarbon matrices, such as fuels and lubricants, a universal calibration
called PETRO-QUANT is used. PETRO-QUANT contains calibrations for all required elements from
Sodium (Na) to Lead (Pb) covering concentrations from trace elements (ppm) to major levels (%)(for
example for S and Cl). It allows the analysis of 26 elements with the lowest possible ppm-range detection limits.
For compliance with international norms such as ASTM, DIN or EN ISO, samples must be analyzed
against "norm specific" calibrations. PETRO-QUANT BASIC contains a set of pre-defined norms with
detailed instructions. This makes spectrometer calibration easier than ever before. Measurement
methods and drift correction samples are predefined in the SPECTRAplus software. The user simply
needs to measure calibration samples and SPECTRAplus will do the rest.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
9-1
Bruker AXS can also provide fully pre-calibrated analyzers matching the needs of your laboratory. You
select the norms and we set-up the specific calibrations. After on-site installation, the analyzers can
perform immediate routine analysis.
PETRO-QUANT BASIC is a unique solution containing:
PETRO-QUANT the unique calibration for hydrocarbon matrices
a set of reference oil samples for quick installation of PETRO-QUANT
a set of predefined norms

(EN ISO 14596, 20884, 51363, 51391, 51431, ASTM D2622 and D6443)
a mini balance for easy and fast sample preparation
1000 disposable pipettes
256 ready to use cups with 4m Prolene film, samples just need to be poured into the cups
256 ready to use cups with 3,6m Mylar film, samples just need to be poured into the cups
500 disposable liquid cups without foils (35/40mm inner/outer diameter)
300 pre-cut foils on carrier frames for liquid cups, 4m Prolene
100 pre-cut foils on carrier frames for liquid cups, 2.5m Mylar
100 pre-cut foils on carrier frames for liquid cups, 3.6m Mylar
Note
Please make sure that your Bruker AXS WDXRF spectrometer is ordered and equipped
with a Germanium analyzer crystal.
Order numbers:
A1001A1 - 1kW
A1003A1 - 3kW
A1004A1 - 4kW
9-2
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
GEO-QUANT Version 1.3.1 or Higher

GEO-QUANT for the S8 TIGER Advanced Geological Trace Element Analysis by XRF
GEO-QUANT is the powerful analytical solution designed to analyze 27 elements in pressed pellets, at
trace level, in a wide variety of geological materials. Application examples are rocks, minerals and
soils. It runs in tandem with our world class S8 TIGER 3 or 4 kW spectrometer and has been developed to enable trace analysis to take place within one hour of installation.
GEO-QUANT removes from the user the very time consuming set up of a trace element calibration
(calibration and finding the certified standards) and ensures that the unparalleled analytical performance of the S8 TIGER is fully utilized. GEO-QUANT is a universal calibration based on 91 certified
reference samples (CRM's) including optimized line settings. It can be used out of the box or modified
to create specific user calibrations - just like a tool box. The list of elements, concentration ranges and
detection limits possible with GEO-QUANT is given in XRF specsheet "GEO-QUANT".
The sample preparation for GEO-QUANT is easy and fast. The dry samples are simply ground and
pressed and are analyzed afterwards with the S8 TIGER.
The GEO-QUANT solution contains:
the GEO-QUANT calibration for accurate and precise analysis of 27 trace elements in pressed
pellets. The calibration is done in the factory and is ready for use after installation of the
S8 TIGER 3 or 4 kW.
pre-installed line settings (instrumental parameters & peak/background positions) to calculate

accurate net intensities, which yield the lowest possible detection limits (LODs) and best peak
resolution
two geological certified reference materials as quality control samples
an automatic drift correction using two monitor samples
a simple, optimized sample preparation procedure and 3,900 grinding aid pellets
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
9-3
Note
For sample preparation a fine mill and a press are required. This package requires a LiF
220 anaylzer crystal.
Order numbers:
A1003A2 - 3 kW
A1004A2 - 4 kW
9-4
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
CEMENT-QUANT
CEMENT-QUANT for the S8 TIGER The XRF Solution for the Cement Industry
CEMENT-QUANT is a powerful analytical solution developed specifically for the cement industry. It
provides quick and easy quantitative elemental analysis for process and quality control laboratories
with either the world class S8 TIGER spectrometers.
CEMENT-QUANT produces both accurate and precise analytical results for analysing of cement,
clinker and raw mix. The measurement parameters for the reference calibration were modified to get
the best results and fulfill the requirements of ASTM C114 and ISO 29581.
Following elements are calibrated in reference calibration as oxide: Na2O, MgO, Al2O3, SiO2, P2O5,
SO3, K2O, CaO, TiO2, MnO, Fe2O3, ZnO and SrO. The calibration parameters are fixed and the
quality of the calibration will be checked with a control sample.
A stable glass sample is used to control the stability of spectrometer. This sample will measure every
day before starting the routine measurement.
The CEMENT-QUANT solution contains:
a suitcase with 21 international certified reference cement standards 10g each from NIST and a
set of Japanese cement standards (for establishing the reference calibration) and one quality control standard, two drift correction glass samples and one control sample for spectrometer stability
an installation CD
a user manual
Note
Please make sure that your Bruker AXS WDXRF spectrometer is ordered and equipped
with a curved Germanium (XS-Ge-C) and a XS-CEM analyzer crystal.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
9-5
Order numbers:
A1001A6 1 kW
A1003A6 3 kW
A1004A6 4 kW
9-6
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
MLplus
MLplus Multilayer and Thin Film Software
MLplus is an optional software module extending the possibilities of SPECTRAplus for the analysis of
single layer and multilayer samples.
MLplus allows determining thickness and composition of layers in multilayer samples down to several
atomic layers (less than 1nm) and up to the m or even mm-range.
The number of layers which can be determined and the actual thickness range is determined by the
elements present in bulk and layers and not by software features.
Therefore this can be specified only for specific applications.
MLplus is using a full fundamental parameter approach for all calculations.
The determination of thickness and composition in MLplus is based on the standardless calibration of
SPECTRAplus, i.e. no specific multilayer standards are required. Nevertheless any available multilayer
standard can be used to optimize the results.
An interactive mode allows to define the sample structure (which element in which layer, typical values
for thickness and composition) and helps to find the optimum element lines for the measurement.
Once an interactive evaluation has been set up successfully, the parameters can be stored for automatic evaluation of similar samples.
Order number:
7KP78048AF
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
9-7
QUANT-EXPRESS
Standardless Analysis Package
QUANT-EXPRESS allows the automatic analysis of totally unknown samples without performing a
calibration. QUANT-EXPRESS provides unrivalled analytical flexibility. It can either perform a complete standardless analysis as fast scan in less than 2 minutes or an accurate analysis of samples to
measure even trace levels. According to users. requirements, QUANT-EXPRESS performs scan
measurements to provide full performance for interactive evaluation or can be set to peak and background mode for a faster time-to-result.
QUANT-EXPRESS automatically performs peak fitting, element and peak identification and accurate
determination of net intensities with background and line overlay corrections. The powerful variable
alpha matrix correction, unique to SPECTRAplus, automatically corrects for matrix effects as well as for
all different kind of samples (thin films, infinitely or non-infinitely thick samples). User input of sample
properties, known concentrations of elements and matrix components can be integrated to further
improve the analytical results.
QUANT-EXPRESS can be fully utilized for user-specific calibrations, based on the variable alpha
model, to allow the determination of elements where no standards are available. It therefore can be
integrated into SPECTRAplus to provide an XRF- expert system with the best line settings for any application.
Order number:
A1000A3
9-8
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
10
S8 TIGER Parts
Spare Parts Packages S8 TIGER

Basic Spare Parts Package for S8 TIGER 1kW
Order Number A15D100
Order number
Object description
A14B1
Filter / water
A23B277
S8 TIGER warning display side (yellow)
A23B278
S8 TIGER warning display front (yellow)
A15B62
Magnet pole complete
C71121Z100A22
O-ring 7,64 X 1,78 mm
C71121Z100A307
O-ring
C71121Z100A32
Gasket
C71121Z100A68
Gasket
C71121Z100A69
O-ring / ion cartridge
C71121Z100A7
Gasket
C71121Z100A8
Gasket
C71121Z100A97
Gasket / cooling water unit S3K
C79121Z101A21
Lip seal
C79121Z101A24
Lip seal (S3K)
C79121Z101A25
Lip ring (S3K)
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
10-1
S8 TIGER Parts
C79123Z1511C1
Suction unit rubber cup 30mm
C79298A3194C8
K150C32
Stepper motor with encoder for filter changer
C79298A3196C28
Valve / proportional
A15B8
Stepper motor
C79298A3196C41
Valve / electro
C79298A3196C42
Valve / electro
C79298A3196C44
C79298A3196C45
Valve / solenoid
C79298A3200C1
Microswitch /magnetic hold S3K D5KM
C79298A3200C2
Microswitch / 250VAC/2A, (S3K) (D5KM)
C79298A3200C26
SW/2 element
C79298A3200C28
Switch emergency stop
C79298A3200C4
Light barrier tube housing
C79298A3200C53
Contactor
C79298A3200C54
Rectifier
C79298A3200C55
Relay / semiconductor
C79298A3200C61
Semiconductor relay; 25 A
C79298A3204C10
O-ring seal (S3K)
C79298A3204C12
O-ring sample grabber
C79298A3204C13
O-ring
C79298A3204C14
O-ring
C79298A3204C15
O-ring PRP243 104,37X3,5
C79298A3204C16
O-ring PRP 270 228.19X3.5
C79298A3204C17
O-ring PRP239 91.67X3.53
C79298A3204C18
O-ring
10-2
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
S8 TIGER Parts
C79298A3204C19
O-ring PRP264 190.09X3.53
C79298A3204C20
O-ring
C79298A3204C41
O-ring
C79298A3204C60
O-ring
C79298A3220B220
Display / status
C79298A3230A35
Axial fan
C79298A3230A36
Axial fan 24VDC 119X119X38
A15B215
Position sensor
C79298A3246B45
Motor / crystal changer
C79298A3246B99
Foils for seal (S3K) supp grid
A15B214
Stepper motor with sycronpanel MOLEX
C79298A3248C45
Filter mat
E128C1
WI-NTC K45/6.8K/10%
K140C4
DI water flow detector
K150C25
DC-gear motor I = 84:1
K180C160
Magnetic sensor
K180C72
SFTP patch cable 10 m
K180C81
Key switch tumbler
K180C82
Key switch add on
K280C15
Fan cooling unit 1kW
K280C18
Axial fan
W75050U1104A102
Safety switch (S3K)
A14D2
Pump with fittings
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
10-3
S8 TIGER Parts
Basic Spare Parts Package for S8 TIGER 3/4kW

Order number
Object description
A14B1
Filter / water
A23B277
S8 TIGER warning display side (yellow)
A23B278
S8 TIGER warning display front (yellow)
A15B62
Magnet pol complete
C71121Z100A22
O-ring 7,64 X 1,78 mm
C71121Z100A307
O-ring
C71121Z100A32
Gasket
C71121Z100A68
Gasket
C71121Z100A69
O-ring / ion cartridge
C71121Z100A7
Gasket
C71121Z100A8
Gasket
C71121Z100A97
Gasket / cooling water unit S3K
C79121Z101A21
Lip seal
C79121Z101A24
Lip seal (S3K)
C79121Z101A25
Lip ring (S3K)
C79123Z1511C1
C79298A3194C8
K150C32
Stepper motor with encoder
C79298A3196C28
A15B8
Motor
C79298A3196C41
Valve / electro
C79298A3196C42
Valve / electro
C79298A3196C44
10-4
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
S8 TIGER Parts
C79298A3196C45
Valve / solenoid
C79298A3200C1
Microswitch / magnetic hold S3K D5KM
C79298A3200C2
Microswitch / 250VAC/2A, (S3K) (D5KM)
C79298A3200C26
SW/2 element
C79298A3200C28
Switch emergency stop
C79298A3200C4
Light barrier tube housing
C79298A3200C53
Contactor
C79298A3200C54
Rectifier
C79298A3200C55
Relay / semiconductor
C79298A3200C61
Semiconductor relay; 25 A
C79298A3204C10
O-ring seal (S3K)
C79298A3204C12
O-ring sample grabber
C79298A3204C13
O-ring
C79298A3204C14
O-ring
C79298A3204C15
O-ring PRP243 104,37X3,5
C79298A3204C16
O-ring PRP 270 228.19X3.5
C79298A3204C18
O-ring
C79298A3204C19
O-ring PRP264 190.09X3.53
C79298A3204C20
O-ring
C79298A3204C60
O-ring
C79298A3220B220
Display / status
C79298A3230A36
Axial fan 24VDC 119X119X38
A15B215
Position sensor
C79298A3246B45
Motor / crystal changer
C79298A3246B99
Foils for seal (S3K) supp grid
A15B214
Stepper motor with sycronpanel MOLEX
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
10-5
S8 TIGER Parts
E128C1
WI-NTC K45/6.8K/10%
K140C4
DI water flow detector
K150C25
DC-gear motor I = 84:1
K180C160
Magnetic sensor
K180C72
SFTP patch cable 10 m
K180C81
Key switch tumbler
K180C82
Key switch add on
K200C9
O-ring 3.30X1.00 mm NBR
K280C15
Fan cooling unit 1kW
K280C26
Axial fan 80X80X32 24VDC
W75050U1104A102
Safety switch (S3K)
W79054L1011T160
Fuse 1.6A
A14D2
Pump with fittings
10-6
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
S8 TIGER Parts
Extension Spare Parts Package S8 TIGER 3/4kW

Order number
Object description
A23B253
Safety controller
A23B232
Front cover 4AIB
K300C38
SBC PICMG10 ROCKY-3786EV
K300C5
Flash drive 32MB
A23B102-S
PCB / detector interface (tested)
A23B221-S
S8 universal IO-Board (tested)
A23B216
UMC board
A23B217
Power IO board
K300C39
Slot CPU, SBC PICMG10 WSB-9152DVI
A15B57
S8 HDD programmed for CPU K300C39
C79298A3220B211
Control board / water chiller
A12D410
Replacement part generator controller XRF
A12B56
Inverter
A12D442
Spare part power board XRF 3/4kW
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
10-7
S8 TIGER Parts
Optional Parts S8 TIGER

Sample Holders
Order number
Complete sample holders
A15C250
Sample ring (EasyLoad) 34 mm Steel mask
A15C251
Sample ring (EasyLoad) 28 mm Steel mask
C79298A3246B59
Two-part sample holder with exchangeable 8 mm steel mask
C79298A3246B58
C79298A3246B49
C79298A3246B57
C79298A3246B56
C79298A3246B55
One-part, steel, incl. 34 mm mask
C79298A3246B54
One-part 34 mm diameter, steel mask
C79298A3246B53
One-part 30 mm diameter, steel plated mask
C79298A3246B52
One-part 28 mm diameter, steel mask
C79298A3246B51
C79298A3246B50
10-8
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Order number
Optional sample holders
C79298A3246D100
Set of 10 one-part sample holders with 8 mm

exchangeable steel plated mask
C79298A3246D101

C79298A3246D102

exchangeable steel mask
C79298A3246D103

C79298A3246D104

C79298A3246D105
Set of 10 one-piece steel sample holders with 34 mm mask
C79298A3246D106
Set of 10 two-part steel sample holders with 28 mm

C79298A3246D107

C79298A3246D108

S8 TIGER Parts
Sample Holder Masks and Accessories

Order number
Sample holder masks
C79298A3246C95
34 mm diameter, steel
C79298A3246C96
C79298A3246C185
C79298A3246C181
C79298A3246C186
A15B72
5 mm diameter, graphite
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
10-9
S8 TIGER Parts
Order number
Sample handling accessories
C79298A3246B69
Two-part sample holder w/o mask for S8 TIGER
C79298A3177B75
Lower part of two-part sample holder with clamping ring
C79298A3246B60
Upper part of two-part sample holder, steel
C79298A3114B71
Spring for sample holder
A15B49
Non-backscattering cup for sample holder
C79298A3114D7
Distance plastic rings for sample centering (20 rings per unit)
C79298A3173D30
Distance rings for 40 mm sample centering (10 rings per unit)
Order number
Steel rings and process sample cassettes
7KP90018BS
51.5 mm steel rings, height: 8.5 mm, 1 off
7KP90018BE
40 mm steel rings, height: 14 mm, 10 off
C79298A3173B23
Process sample cassette for fused beads, (40 mm x 14 mm), 1 off
C79298A3173B22
Process sample cassette for fused beads, (51.5 mm x 8.5 mm), 1 off
A15B20
51.5 mm sample cassette for 40mm samples and liquid cups, 1 off
10-10
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
S8 TIGER Parts
Collimators, Masks and Crystals

Order number
Collimators and collimator masks
C79298A3246B22
Coarse collimator 1 opening (required for XS-C and XS-N)
C79298A3246B23
Very coarse collimator 2 opening (required for XS-B)
C79298A3246B62
Super fine collimator, 0.12 opening
C79298A3246B61
Very fine collimator, 0.17 opening
C79298A3246B63
Medium coarse collimator, 0.35 opening
C79298A3246C61
Collimator mask for 28 mm sample holder masks, without calibration
C79298A3246C60
C79298A3246C87
C79298A3246C180
C79298A3246C93
C79298A3246C94
Order number
Analyzer crystals for S8 TIGER (((
K230C201
LiF(200), crystal for analysing elements from K to U
K230C202
LiF(220), higher resolution than LiF(200), but lower reflectivity, V to U
K230C203
LiF(420), particularly high dispersion, low reflectivity, Ni to U
K230C204
ADP (Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate), for Mg only,

recommended if resolution of XS-55 is not sufficient
K230C205
Ge (Germanium), crystal for analysing P, S, Cl,

eliminates 2nd and 4th order lines
K230C206
PET (Pentaerythrite), crystal for analysing elements from Al to K
K230C207
TlAP (Thallium biphthalate), for F, Na and Mg,

if resolution of XS-55 is not sufficient. Poisonous!
K230C208
InSb (Indium antimonide), crystal for Si analysis with maximum reproducibility
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
10-11
S8 TIGER Parts
C79213A3000C100
XS-55, synthetic multilayer structure, optimized for O, F, Na, Mg
C79213A3000C101
XS-B, new synthetic multilayer structure, optimized for B and Be
C79213A3000C102
XS-C, synthetic multilayer structure, optimized for C
C79213A3000C104
XS-N, synthetic multilayer structure, optimized for N
C79213A3000C105
XS-CEM, for high stability in cement analysis
C79213A3000C106
XS-Ge-C, curved, optimized analysis of P,S and Cl
C79213A3000C107
XS-PET-C, curved, optimized analysis of Al
Accessories for Liquid Samples

Order number
Liquid cups
7KP19018FA
Liquid cups for S8, 35/40mm inner/outer diameter, 500 off
P40-A10
Liquid cups for S8, 35/40mm inner/outer diameter, 500 Type P4
RDL-1000-My
Liquid cups for S8 with Mylar 2,5 mm, 35/40mm I.D/O.D, 256 off
RDL-1000-Pro
Liquid cups for S8 with Prolene 4 mm, 35/40mm I.D/O.D, 256 off
10-12
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Order number
Liquid cup foils
C71298A18C286
Mylar, 15m, roll of 150m
7KP19018BR
Mylar, 2.5m, roll of 90m

(recommended for OilQuant/PETRO-QUANT)
7KP78048CD
Mylar, 2.5m, 500 pre-cut foils

7KP19018BZ
Mylar, 6m, roll of 90m
BRE-442
Kapton, 7.5m
C71298A18C262
Hostaphan, 15m, roll of 150m
C71298A18C264
Hostaphan, 6m, roll of 150m
7KP19018BX
Polycarbonate, 5m, roll of 90m
7KP19018BS
Polypropylene, 5m, roll of 90m
C71298A18C288
7KP19018BU
7KP19018BT
Ultrapolyester, 1.5m, roll of 90m
7KP19018BG
Prolene, 4m, roll of 90m

7KP78048CB
Prolene, 4m, 500 precut foils

BRE-CH-3024-10+
Prolene, 12m, 100 pre-cut foils

(recommended for RoHS-QUANT)
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
S8 TIGER Parts
10-13
S8 TIGER Parts
Reference, Calibration and Samples

Order number
Reference and test samples
7KP78048AW-S8
Set of SPECTRAplus reference samples for S8
7KP78048AK
BN reference sample for calibration of Boron and Nitrogen
Spare Parts, Application Support, Training Courses
Order number
Spare parts kits
A15D112
S8 TIGER((( Maintenance kit 3/4kW with PRO4
A15D113
S8 TIGER((( Maintenance kit 3/4kW with FC
A15D100
S8 TIGER((( Basic spare parts kit 1kW1
A15D110
S8 TIGER((( Basic spare parts kit 3/4kW1
A15D111
S8 TIGER((( Extension spare parts kit3/4 kW1
Order number
Application services and support
7KP18018AB
Application support, per day (without travel expenses)
7KP18018EA
Service support, per day (without travel expenses)
7KP18018CA
BASIC 10 calibration package, one calibration, up to 10 compounds
7KP18018CB
BASIC 20 calibration package, one calibration, up to 20 compounds
7KP18018CC
Pressed pellet preparation support, one material up to 20 samples
7KP18018CD
Fused bead preparation support, one material, up to 20 samples
Parts are listed at the beginning of this chapter.
10-14
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
11
S8 TIGER Specifications
Analytical Performance
The S8 TIGER combines high analytical performance, space saving and cost efficiency. Its outstanding light element analysis capacity is based on innovative multilayer analyzer crystals, appropriate collimators and the optimized close sample/X-ray tube coupling. Besides this, the S8 TIGER is
optimized by the 75 m ultra thin X-ray tube window, up to 170 mA excitation and the high transmission thin detector window technology.
Features:
Analysis range Beryllium to Uranium.
Concentration range concentrations from sub ppm to 100%.
Precision 0.05% (relative).
Sample form: powder, solid, liquid, paste, coating, slurry, film, filter deposit, etc.
Sample size loose powder and liquids: up to 50 ml.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
11-1
Specifications
Instrument Specification
Tab. 11-1:
Instrument specification
Technical Data
Sample size
Liquids, loose powders: up to 50 ml, solids: up to 51 mm (2) ,

47 mm (1.8) height
Samples
Powder, solid, liquid, paste, coating, slurry, film, filter,...
Analysis range
Beryllium to Uran
Concentration range
Concentration from sub-ppm to 100%
Precision
Precision up to 0.05% rel.
TouchControlTM
Integrated touchscreen for easy and intuitive operation
SampleCareTM
X-ray tube and goniometer protected by contamination shields

Automatic sample recognition (optional),
sample and spectrometer chamber separated by programmable vacuum seal
(optional),
X-ray shield made of Beryllium (optional)
Filter
Pb 1 mm, Cu 300 m, Cu 200 m, Al 800 m, Al 500 m, Al 200 m, Al 100 m,

Al 12.5 m, open
Collimator
Masks
Analyzer crystals
11-2
Automatic collimator changer (4 positions available)

0.12, 0.17, 0.23, 0.46, 1, 2 (optional)
Automatic mask changer (3 positions available)
Additional low background masks available
34 mm, 28 mm, 23 mm, 18 mm, 8 mm, 5 mm (optional)
Automatic crystal changer (8 positions available)
Included: XS-55, PET, LiF (200)
Optional: XS-B, XS-C, XS-N, XS-CEM, XS-GE-C, XS-PET-C
LiF (220), LiF (420), ADP, Ge, TlAP, InSb
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Specifications
Technical Data
Flow proportional
counter
Counter gas supply: 0.5 2l/h

Energy range: 0.1 keV 8 keV (Be Cu)
PHA channel: 512
Counting rate: > 3000 cps
DynaMatch: more than 10 Mio cps
NaI (Ti)
Energy range: > 4 keV (Sc U)
PHA channel: 512
Counting rate: > 2000 cps
DynaMatch: more than 10 Mio cps
Detector gas
P10 gas (10 % Methane, 90 % Argon) for flow counter

No detector gas for PRO4 sealed proportional counter
Goniometer
2 theta: 0 -115 FC, 17 152 SC

Steps: 0.0005
Angular: < +/- 0.001
Reproducibility: < +/- 0.0001
Theta and 2 theta drives: two independent stepper motors with oprical encoder
and ElectronicGearing
Vacuum pump
Integrated
Gas for analysis of liquids and loose powders
Helium or Nitrogen, at reduced or normal atmospheric pressure
Excitation source (max.

values)
S8 TIGER 1 kW
50 kV
50 mA
S8 TIGER 3 kW
60 kV
150 mA
Power requirements
208 - 240 V
(1P/3P)
50/60 Hz
208 V, 60 Hz (1P/3P)
230 V, 50/60 Hz (3P)
Compressed air
Not required
External cooling water
No cooling water
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
S8 TIGER 4 kW
60 kV
170 mA
Cooling water
Water consumption automatically regulated and minimized,
short term interruptions are compensated
11-3
Specifications
Technical Data
Dimensions
(height x width x depth)
135 cm x 84 cm x
90 cm;
53.1 x 33.1 x
35.4
135 cm x 84 cm x 104 cm;

53.1 x 33.1 x 41
Touchscreen: Allow additional width of 49 cm

(19.3)
446 kg / 981 lb
Quality & safety
11-4
476 kg / 1047 lb
DIN EN ISO 9001:2000

CE certified
Fully radiation protected system BfS 09/07 V RV
Radiation < 1 Sv/h H*(10)
Compliant with EU Machinery Directive
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Specifications
Certified Compliance
Tab. 11-2:
Certified compliance
Certified Compliance
Electrical Safety
DIN EN 61010-1 and DIN EN 61010-2-081

IEC 61010-1 and IEC 61010-2-081
Electromagnetic Compatibility
EN 61000-6-1 and EN 61000-6-2

EN 61000-6-3 and 61000-6-4
Radiation Safety
Fully radiation protected system BfS 09/07 V RV

Radiation < 1 Sv/h H*(10)
Approval (Bauartzulassung) by the German agencies BfS (Bundesamt fr
Strahlenschutz) and PTB (Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt).
S8 TIGER spectrometers are certified as devices called Vollschutzgeraete
according to Annex 2 No.3 of the German regulation called Roentgenverordnung.
S8 TIGERs meet Safety Category No. 3 as defined by the standard
EN954-1, and also the requirements defined by the standard DIN 54113.
Each S8 instrument passes an individual X-ray leakage and safety test at
Bruker AXS prior to shipment.
S8 TIGERs further conforms to the following recommandations, instructions,
and laws:
Recommendations of ICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection)
Recommendations of IAEA (International Atomic Energy Association)
Instructions of EURATOM (Europische Atomgemeinschaft)
German Law Atomgesetz
Protection Classification according to IEC 536
Class I
Protection Degree according

to IEC 529
IP 2 0
Machinery Safety
EN 1050, EN 14121 (valid 01/2010), Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
11-5
Specifications
Electrical Specification
Tab. 11-3:
Electrical specification
X-ray Generator and Control Electronics

Mains Supply Voltage
(Actual nominal voltage is factory-preset and
printed on the system label located on the systems rear panel.)
Three-phase supply:
3 x 120 VAC (+/- 10 %)
3 x 230 VAC (+/- 10 %)
3 x 240 VAC (+6 % / - 10 %)
One-phase supply (on request only):
208 VAC (-10% / +10 %)
230 VAC (+/- 10 %)
240 VAC (+ 6 % / - 10 %)
Frequency Range
47Hz 63Hz
Power Consumption
S8-1kW
S8-3kW
S8-4kW
2.8 kVA
5.2 kVA (3-phases mains supply)
7 kVA (3-phases mains supply)
Overvoltage Category according to IEC 664
II
11-6
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Specifications
High-voltage Generator
Tab. 11-4:
Electrical Specification continued
High-voltage generator K410

Output power limit
1 kW
Output voltage
20-50 kVDC (in steps of 1 kV)
Output current
5 mA - 50 mA (in steps of 1 mA)

Output power limit
3 kW
Output voltage
Output current

Output power limit
4 kW
Output voltage
Output current
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
11-7
Specifications
X-ray Tubes
Below is a list of X-ray tubes recommended for use with your S8 TIGER. There are more options
available (e.g. Mo as target material for 3 or 4 kW operation). For availability of a specific tube types
target materials, please contact your Bruker AXS Service or Sales Representative. In most countries
and states, you will need an individual on-site X-ray test if you choose to use a target material heavier
than rhodium. The table lists the recommended operation parameters.
Tab. 11-5:
Recommended X-ray tubes
1 kW operation
Type
AG22
Maximum high voltage
50 kVDC
Maximum current
50 mADC
Maximum power
1 kW
Anode material
Rhodium
3 and 4 kW operation
Type
OEG95LT
Maximum high voltage
60 kVDC
Maximum current
150 / 170 mADC
Maximum power
4 kW
Anode material
Rhodium
11-8
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Specifications
Laboratory Requirements
S8 TIGER Mechanical Specifications
Tab. 11-6:
S8 TIGER system dimensions and weight
Dimensions
S8-1kW
Height
S8-3kW/4kW
135 cm / 53.1''
Depth
90 cm / 35.4"
104 cm / 41"
Width
84 cm / 33.1"
Screen
49 cm / 19.3"
Weight
~ 446 kg / 981 lb
~ 476 kg / 1047 lb
Environmental Specifications
Tab. 11-7:
Environmental specifications
Specifications
Data
Optimal room temperature
24 C / 75F
Temperature operation range
17 - 29 C (63 84 F), T 2 C (3.6 F) for very high stability of the

measuring values
Maximum temperature gradient
2 C (3.6 F) per hour
Relative humidity
20%-80%, condensation not allowed
Atmospheric pressure
Spectrometry system applicable at all terrestrial locations under atmospheric air pressure conditions up to an altitude of 3000 meters (9800
feet).
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
11-9
Specifications
Gas Consumption
Helium/Nitrogen Operation
Tab. 11-8:
Gas specifications
Helium/Nitrogen operation at reduced pressure

Medium
Helium or Nitrogen
Consumption during measurement
~ 0.5 l/min
Consumption during sample change
~ 5 - 10 l
Pressure inside sample chamber
250 mbar (3.63 PSI) by default
Helium/Nitrogen operation at atmospheric pressure

Medium
Helium or Nitrogen
~ 1 - 4 l/min
Consumption during sample change
~ 10 - 30 l
Pressure inside sample chamber
atmospheric
Counter gas consumption

Medium
P-10 (Argon:Methane 9:1)
~ 2l/hr
Pressure inside flow counter
~ 80 mbar above atmospheric at day of installation

(1.16 PSIG)
Accessories
Below is a list of additional equipment that may enhance the systems reliability or increase its uptime
if the laboratory infrastructure is not reliable enough.
11-10
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Specifications
UPS for the S8 TIGER

If the power supply is unstable, an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) may be switched between the
mains network and the S8 TIGER. Depending on your system model, we recommend using an Effekta
Pegasus 31 or Toshiba 1600EP, as listed below.
Suitable for the S8-1kW:
Tab. 11-9:
UPS TYPE Effekta Pegasus 31 (1 ph.)
UPS TYPE Effekta (order no. Pegasus33 -10kVA)

Nominal output power
10 kVA / 8 kW
Backup time
20 min. at rated power
Dimensions
1200 x 450 x 650 mm (H x W x D)
Weight
250 kg
Input
3x32A, 380-415V (15%), 50/60 Hz
Output
3 x 32 A, 50/60 Hz
Tab. 11-10: UPS TYPE Toshiba 1600EP (1 ph.)

UPS TYPE Toshiba (order no. UE3G2L080C61T)
8 kVA / 6.8 kW
Backup time
Dimensions
1200 x 450 x 650 mm (H x W x D)
Weight
260 kg
Input
3x32A, 380-415V (15%), 50/60 Hz
Output
3 x 32 A, 50/60 Hz
Note
Configure the output voltage of the Toshiba UPS to 240V!
208V are preset by the manufacturer.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
11-11
Specifications
Suitable for the S8-3kW/4kW:

Tab. 11-11: UPS TYPE Effekta Pegasus 31 (1 ph.)
UPS TYPE Effekta (order no. Pegasus31 -15kVA)
15 kVA / 12 kW
Backup time
Dimensions
1200 x 450 x 650 mm (H x W x D)
Weight
260 kg
Input
3x32A, 380-415V (15%), 50/60 Hz
Output
2 x 40 A, 50/60 Hz
Tab. 11-12: UPS TYPE Toshiba

UPS TYPE Toshiba (order no. UE3G2L140C61T)
14 kVA / 11.9 kW
Backup time
Dimensions
992 x 445 x 885 mm (H x W x D)
Weight
281 kg
Input
2x40A, 208-240V (10%), 50/60 Hz
Output
2 x 40 A, 240V, 50/60 Hz
Note
Configure the output voltage of the Toshiba UPS to 240V!
208V are preset by the manufacturer.
11-12
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Specifications
Water Chiller for the S8 TIGER (3kW or 4kW only)

As an option, an external cooling unit with self-contained cooling water circulation loop can be used for
cooling the X-ray generator and X-ray tube. We recommend the following water/air heat exchanger:
Tab. 11-13: Water chiller
Water Chiller TYPE 3000 (order no. ERL 3000)
Cooling capacity
6.6 kW at Tambient=32C, Tcooled water= 18C
Cooling water outlet
15 to 25C (adjustable)
Temperature stability
1 C
Tank capacity
40 l
Water flow
300 l/h
Required electricity
400V, 3-phase, 50 Hz
Power consumption
3.52 kW
Dimensions
1212 x 600 x 741 mm (H x W x D)
Weight (empty)
220 kg
Compliance
CE
Degree of protection
IP44
The unit is delivered with a 10 m power cable, a 10 m controller cable, and two 10 m water hoses. For
internal pressure compensation, it is equipped with a bypass to improve operation reliability. Technical
specifications can be changed with additional parts.
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
11-13
Specifications
11-14
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
12
References
List of Available XRF and S8 Documentation

Tab.12-1:
List of Available XRF and S8 Documentation
Description
Order number
Manuals:
Introduction to X-ray Fluorescence Analysis, English
DOC-M84-EXX001
Einfhrung in die RFA, German
DOC-M84-DXX001
General Safety Instructions, multilingual
DOC-M90-ZXX006
S8 TIGER Introductory User Manual, multilingual (English, German,

French, Spanish)
DOC-M80-ZXX031
S8 TIGER Operators Manual, English
DOC-M80-EXX032
S8 TIGER Getting Started - Working with TouchControl, English
DOC-M80-EXX042
S8 TIGER Getting Started - Erste Schritte mit TouchControl, German
DOC-M80-DXX042
S8 TIGER Getting Started - Utilisation de TouchControl, French
DOC-M80-FXX042
plus
SPECTRA
V.2.0 for S8 TIGER Reference Manual
DOC-M80-EXX038
Brochures:
S8 TIGER Spectrometry Solutions Brochure
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
DOC-B80-EXS009
12-1
References
Lab Reports:
XRF 79 - S8 TIGER: Process and Quality Control in Cement Production
DOC-L80-E00079
XRF 80 - S8 TIGER Sulphur in Petroleum
DOC-L80-E00080
XRF 90 - S8 TIGER Traces in Geological Samples
DOC-L80-E00090
Posters:
Periodic table, DIN A3
DOC-P84-E00011
Periodic table, DIN A0
DOC-P84-E00010
S8 TIGER
DOC-P80-EXS025
12-2
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
13
Index
Index
A
Accessories
Advanced search
Alarm
Application
Application chooser
Application support
Auto start up
D
11-10
5-14
5-29
5-8
5-9
10-14
4-1
5-2
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Elements
Environmental specifications
3-6
11-9
C
Calibration
Certified compliance
Changing detector gas
Changing gas
Changing password
Collimator
Consumables
Cooling unit
internal
Crystal
5-5
7-3
7-12
11-9
12-1
B
Button
Date selector
Deionized water
Detector gas
Dimensions
Documentation
6-26, 10-14
11-5
7-12
7-25
5-24
10-11
7-26
7-3
7-3
10-11
File formats
First aid
First aid button
Front view
6-26
8-1
8-1
3-9
G
Gas change
Gas consumption
General S8 TIGER safety precautions
7-25
11-10
1-5
13-1
Index
H
Height
O
11-9
I
Instrument components
Instrument Performance Verification
Instrument specification
10-12
3-10
5-8, 6-10
5-6
5-27, 10-11
6-20
6-16
6-9
11-9
13-2
7-12
7-1
5-24
4-6
Q
QUANT-EXPRESS
6-1
Radiation safety
Recommended X-ray tubes
References
Result database
Results
11-5
11-8
11-5
5-13
5-8
N
Network connection
P10 detector gas

Panels
Password
Power-off
M
Mask
Measurement method
Measurement mode
Measurement with QUANT-EXPRESS
Mechanical specifications
3-3
3-2, 10-8
P
3-8
6-4
11-2
L
Liquid sample
Loader
Loader screen
Login information
Operation principle
Optional parts
3-21
S8Tools
Safety precautions
Sample
Diameter
Liquid sample
Material
5-26, 8-2
1-5
6-1
6-18
10-12
6-12
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Index
Preparation
6-14
Sample mask diameter
6-19
Unknown sample
6-9
Sample Cups
7-1
Sample holder
10-8
Sample holder mask
10-9
Sample Holders
7-1
Sample magazine
5-8
Schedule
5-18
Screen keyboard
5-4
Screen selector
5-3
Selection list
5-3
Shutdown
4-7
Spare parts
10-1
Maintenance spare parts package
7-26
Optional parts
10-8
Spare parts packages
10-1
Spectra Mail
8-13
Commands
8-16
Menus
8-16
plus
SPECTRA
File formats
6-26
SPECTRAplus
3-21, 6-3, 6-26
Status
5-16
Status bar
5-5
Status screen
5-11, 5-16
Switching on/off
4-1
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
5-4
5-2
5-19
5-26, 8-2
5-12
3-3, 6-3
5-1, 5-8, 7-2
10-14
8-1, 8-17
4-1
U
Unknown sample
UPS
User editor
6-9
11-11
5-23
W
Warning symbols
Warnings
Water chiller
WebEx
1-1
1-1
11-13
8-3
T
Technical specifications
Electrical specifications
Helium/Nitrogen operation
High-voltage generator
Textbox
Thumbwheel
Tools
S8Tools
Tools screen
TouchControl
Touchscreen
Training courses
Troubleshooting
Turning on/off
11-6
11-10
11-7
X-ray close level

Radiation safety
X-ray tubes
11-5
11-8
13-3
Index
13-4
DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009
Periodic Table of the Elements

1
Atomic number
1.01
H
Hydrogen
6.94
Li
0.534
22.99
Beryllium
1.85
KA 1.2 0.108
74.34
Na
Sodium
KA 1.2
1.0
KA 1.2
1.0
KB 1
1.1
25.00
55.08
24.40
19
39.10
Magnesium
KA 1.2
1.3
KA 1.2
1.3
KB 1
1.3
3.3
KA 1.2
3.3
KB 1
3.6
37
85.47
KA 1.2
3.7
KA 1.2
3.7
KB 1
4.0
LA 1
0.3
LB 1
0.3
1.53
13.4
KA 1.2
13.4
KB 1
15.0
LA 1
1.7
LB 1
1.8
KA 1.2
13.4
KB 1
15.0
26.61
37.99
23.75
113.68
108.08
62.00
54.79
132.91
56
LA 1
4.3
LB 1
4.6
(223)
Order Number DOC-P84-E00010 V3 2008 Bruker AXS GmbH. Printed in Germany.
KA 1.2
4.1
KB 1
4.5
LA 1
0.4
LB 1
0.4
39
2.64
14.9
KA 1.2
14.9
KB 1
15.8
KB 1
16.7
LA 1
1.8
LB 1
1.9
KA 1.2
14.1
KB 1
15.8
25.15
35.85
22.42
103.45
98.53
58.31
51.54
KA 1.2
14.1
137.33
57
KA 1
32.1
LA 1
4.5
LB 1
4.8
88
12.0
LB 1
14.8
29.65
24.06
LA 1
12.3
LB 1
15.2
4.5
KA 1.2
4.5
KB 1
4.9
LA 1
0.5
LB 1
0.5
86.12
36.67
77.25
59.83
58.97
40
1.9
LB 1
2.0
KA 1.2
14.9
KB 1
16.7
KA 1
33.4
LA 1
4.7
LB 1
5.0
KA 1.2
5.0
KB 1
5.4
LA 1
0.5
LB 1
0.5
41
92.91
6.51
15.8
16.6
KA 1.2
16.6
KB 1
17.7
KB 1
18.6
LA 1
2.0
LA 1
2.2
LB 1
2.1
LB 1
2.3
KA 1.2
15.8
KA 1.2
16.6
KB 1
17.7
22.50
32.04
20.07
87.96
83.76
51.75
45.28
KA 1.2
15.8
KB 1
18.6
178.49
73
Hafnium
KA 1
55.8
LA 1
7.9
LB 1
9.0
MA 1
1.6
LA 1
7.9
LB 1
9.0
6.11
76.92
123.17
69.12
52.35
51.49
13.31
8.95
45.87
39.90
119.17
121.27
99.46
Niobium
KA 1.2
5.4
KA 1.2
5.4
KB 1
6.0
LA 1
0.6
LB 1
0.6
42
8.57
Molybdenum 10.22
17.5
KA 1.2
17.5
KB 1
19.6
LA 1
2.3
LB 1
2.4
KA 1.2
17.5
KB 1
19.6
180.95
74
Ta
LA 1
8.2
LB 1
9.3
8.68
44.41
38.47
112.11
115.36
94.92
1.7
8.1
LB 1
9.3
Manganese
KA 1.2
5.9
KA 1.2
5.9
KB 1
6.5
LA 1
0.6
LB 1
0.6
18.4
KA 1.2
18.4
KB 1
20.6
LA 1
2.4
LB 1
2.5
KA 1.2
18.4
KB 1
20.6
183.84
75
19.25
LA 1
8.4
LB 1
9.7
43.01
37.12
106.03
110.13
90.75
1.8
LA 1
8.4
LB 1
9.7
KA 1.2
6.4
KA 1.2
6.4
Technetium
KB 1
7.1
LA 1
0.7
LB 1
0.7
44
11.5
Ruthenium
KA 1.2
19.3
KA 1.2
19.3
KB 1
21.7
LA 1
2.6
LB 1
2.7
KA 1.2
19.3
KB 1
21.7
186.21
76
Re
LA 1
8.7
LB 1
10.0
41.68
35.82
100.66
105.43
86.90
1.8
8.7
LB 1
10.0
Cobalt
Osmium
LA 1
8.9
LB 1
10.4
MA 1
1.9
LA 1
8.9
LB 1
10.4
28
6.9
KA 1.2
6.9
KB 1
7.7
LA 1
0.8
LB 1
0.8
45
58.69
29
Ni
8.56
KA 1.2
52.79
77.89
47.46
33.77
33.12
102.91
Nickel
42.51
7.5
KA 1.2
7.5
KB 1
8.3
LA 1
0.9
LB 1
0.9
KA 1.2
7.5
KB 1
8.3
46
63.55
Copper
48.67
71.26
43.72
30.70
30.08
134.33
112.81
KA 1.2
8.0
KA 1.2
8.0
KB 1
8.9
LA 1
0.9
LB 1
1.0
KA 1.2
8.0
KB 1
8.9
106.42
47
Pd
12.37
Rhodium
12.41
Palladium
12.02
Silver
KA 1.2
20.2
21.2
22.2
KA 1.2
21.2
KA 1.2
22.2
KB 1
22.7
KB 1
23.8
KB 1
24.9
LA 1
2.7
LA 1
2.8
LA 1
3.0
LB 1
2.8
LB 1
3.0
LB 1
3.2
KA 1.2
20.2
KA 1.2
21.2
KA 1.2
22.2
KB 1
22.7
KB 1
23.8
16.71
23.73
14.85
59.95
56.63
37.94
33.60
KA 1.2
20.2
17.51
24.87
15.57
63.46
60.05
39.82
35.51
KA 1.2
KA 1.2
KB 1
24.9
190.23
77
192.22
78
195.08
79
Ir
22.61
40.42
34.59
95.64
101.16
83.33
Iridium
LA 1
9.2
LB 1
10.7
MA 1
2.0
LA 1
9.2
LB 1
10.7
30
Pt
Platinum
21.46
Zinc
KA 1.2
8.6
KA 1.2
8.6
KB 1
9.6
LA 1
1.0
LB 1
1.0
KA 1.2
8.6
KB 1
9.6
107.87
48
39.21
33.42
91.50
97.24
80.01
LA 1
9.4
LB 1
11.1
MA 1
2.0
LA 1
9.4
LB 1
11.1
38.06
32.29
87.53
93.62
76.91
LA 1
9.7
LB 1
11.4
MA 1
2.1
LA 1
9.7
LB 1
11.4
1.5
KA 1.2
1.5
KB 1
1.5
KA 1
1.5
KA 1.2
0.28
KA 1.2
0.28
14
9.2
KA 1.2
9.2
KB 1
10.3
LA 1
1.1
LB 1
1.1
KA 1.2
9.2
KB 1
10.3
112.41
49
8.69
KA 1.2
23.1
24.2
23.1
KA 1.2
24.2
KB 1
26.1
KB 1
27.3
LA 1
3.1
LA 1
3.3
LB 1
3.3
LB 1
3.5
KA 1.2
23.1
KA 1.2
24.2
KB 1
26.1
15.27
21.66
13.55
53.82
50.63
34.65
30.59
KA 1.2
KA 1.2
KB 1
27.3
200.59
81
196.97
80
Mercury
36.96
31.22
83.83
90.27
73.98
LA 1
10.0
11.8
LB 1
MA 1
2.1
LA 1
10.0
LB 1
11.8
1.7
KB 1
1.8
KA 1
1.7
69.72
32
5.91
9.9
KA 1.2
9.9
KB 1
11.0
LA 1
1.2
LB 1
1.2
KA 1.2
9.9
KB 1
11.0
114.82
50
35.90
30.19
80.49
87.13
71.22
LA 1
10.3
LB 1
12.2
MA 1
2.3
LA 1
10.3
LB 1
12.2
28.09
15
2.0
KA 1.2
2.0
KB 1
2.1
KA 1
2.0
72.64
33
5.32
10.5
KA 1.2
10.5
KB 1
11.7
LA 1
1.3
LB 1
1.3
KA 1.2
10.5
KB 1
11.7
118.71
51
25.2
KA 1.2
25.2
KB 1
28.5
LA 1
3.4
LB 1
3.7
KA 1.2
25.2
KB 1
28.5
204.37
82
34.92
29.20
77.30
84.20
68.62
Lead
10.6
LB 1
12.6
MA 1
2.3
LA 1
10.6
LB 1
12.6
16
KA 1.2
2.3
KA 1.2
2.3
KB 1
2.5
KA 1
2.3
74.92
34
35
12.5
KB 1
13.3
LA 1
1.4
LA 1
1.5
LB 1
1.4
LB 1
1.5
KA 1.2
11.2
KA 1.2
11.9
KB 1
12.5
KB 1
13.3
127.60
53
26.4
KB 1
29.7
208.98
84
33.00
27.34
71.67
78.86
63.82
KA 1.2
0.85
KA1.2
0.85
35.45
18
6.23
KA 1.2
27.4
28.6
27.4
KA 1.2
28.6
KB 1
31.0
KB 1
32.3
LA 1
3.8
LA 1
3.9
LB 1
4.0
LB 1
4.2
KA 1.2
27.5
KA 1.2
28.6
KB 1
31.0
12.87
18.23
11.40
44.20
41.21
29.02
25.67
KA 1.2
KA 1.2
KB 1
32.3
(209)
85
Ar
Argon
KA 1.2
3.0
KA 1.2
3.0
KB 1
3.2
79.90
36
9.32
LA 1
11.1
LB 1
13.4
32.11
26.47
Kr
Krypton
12.6
KA 1.2
12.6
KB 1
14.1
LA 1
1.6
LB 1
1.6
126.90
54
LA 1
11.1
LB 1
13.4
13.9
131.29
Xenon
0.005
12.35
17.50
10.94
42.22
39.27
27.84
24.62
KA 1.2
29.7
KA 1.2
29.7
KB 1
33.6
LA 1
4.1
LB 1
4.4
(210)
86
11.85
16.81
10.50
40.37
37.42
(222)
Rn
Astatine
LB 1
0.003
28.21
40.32
25.20
126.81
120.14
Xe
4.93
11.4
57.32
79.86
52.79
83.80
KA 1.2
Iodine
LA 1
0.002
29.96
42.88
26.79
17.52
16.99
70.69
62.39
At
Polonium
30.8
69.1
39.95
0.003
3.12
Tellurium
0.0009
65.49
92.76
60.49
Po
9.81
Neon
Bromine
Te
KA 1.2
0.001
38.91
90.60
Br
KB 1
3.8
13.0
78.96
11.9
3.6
LB 1
2.8
KA 1.2
29.7
2.4
KB 1
11.2
LB 1
10.8
2.6
KA 1.2
LA 1
13.0
KA 1.2
11.9
KB 1
LA 1
2.6
KA1.2
6.64
MA 1
KA 1.2
4.81
52
Bismuth
Chlorine
31.89
45.71
28.52
18.82
18.28
75.84
66.86
121.76
20.18
Cl
2.07
75.85
110.69
70.28
22.53
11.2
13.41
19.01
11.89
46.34
43.31
30.28
26.78
LB 1
17
KA 1.2
26.4
10.8
32.07
Selenium
26.4
LA 1
0.68
Se
5.78
33.99
48.83
30.44
20.25
19.71
81.69
71.90
Bi
33.93
28.25
74.41
81.45
66.16
0.68
KA1.2
0.0002
10
Ne
Fluorine
KA 1.2
Sulphur
KA 1.2
83
0.001
50.90
25.10
S
1.82
89.56
141.03
83.20
25.88
KA 1.2
207.20
11.34
LA 1
30.97
Antimony
13.99
19.84
12.41
48.64
45.56
31.62
27.97
Pb
11.86
0.53
Sb
7.29
KA 1.2
0.53
KA 1.2
As
KA 1.2
19.00
Oxygen
KA 1.2
Arsenic
36.32
52.31
32.56
21.88
21.33
88.44
77.64
Tin
14.61
20.72
12.96
51.12
47.99
33.04
29.24
0.001
P
KA 1.2
16.00
70.14
33.60
Phosphorus
109.21
144.58
101.67
30.04
Sn
Tl
Thallium
0.39
Ge
KA 1.2
7.31
13.53
0.39
KA 1.2
Germanium
38.91
56.20
34.90
23.69
23.12
96.35
84.24
Indium
Hg
19.28
KA 1.2
Nitrogen
KA 1.2
2.33
1.7
In
Cadmium
15.96
22.66
14.18
56.75
53.50
36.19
32.04
2.27
107.24
43.31
Silicon
KA 1.2
Gallium
KA 1.2
14.01
Si
2.70
Ga
7.13
41.80
60.58
37.52
25.74
25.18
105.87
91.98
Carbon
145.12
17.45
131.86
35.31
31
Cd
10.55
Gold
KA 1.2
Zn
8.93
Au
22.65
65.41
45.02
65.55
40.45
28.06
27.45
117.85
101.26
Ag
18.37
26.10
16.34
67.33
63.82
41.84
37.07
26.98
Aluminium
Cu
8.91
KA 1.2
Rh
Os
21.02
LA 1
101.07
19.29
27.42
17.17
71.62
67.98
44.03
39.01
58.93
Co
7.87
57.51
85.73
51.72
37.30
36.60
Ru
Rhenium
MA 1
27
12.01
Al
nL = 2d sin Q
Fe
Iron
(98)
KA 1.2
55.85
7.44
Tc
20.28
28.84
18.06
76.41
72.63
46.39
41.11
Tungsten
MA 1
26
62.96
95.20
56.63
41.45
40.65
43
16.65
57.6
54.94
Mn
7.15
69.34
107.11
62.35
46.33
45.49
95.94
KA 1.2
KA 1
LA 1
25
Mo
21.35
30.38
19.03
81.81
77.84
48.95
43.39
Tantalum
MA 1
52.00
Chromium
Nb
Hf
6.15
14.96
82.90
75.27
89
7.00
31.26
25.64
Radon
0.01
LA 1
11.7
LB 1
14.3
30.44
24.84
76.41
61.59
(227)
Actinium
10.07
LA 1
12.7
LB 1
15.7
Name, material
5.0
KA 1.2
72
Ac
5.5
28.89
23.31
91.22
KA 1.2
KA 1.2
138.91
24
Cr
Vanadium
Zirconium
23.79
33.90
21.19
95.07
90.57
54.95
48.57
Lanthanium
50.94
V
4.54
KA 1.2
La
3.59
15.54
87.16
79.24
(226)
Radium
4.47
LA 1
23
Zr
Yttrium
Ra
1.87
LA 1
88.91
14.1
47.87
Titanium
KA 1.2
Barium
22
Ti
2.99
97.68
40.59
87.28
69.50
68.67
KA 1.2
Fr
Francium
Analyser crystal
4.1
Ba
1.87
16.16
91.80
83.58
87
87.62
KA 1.2
Strontium
Cs
Caesium
44.96
Scandium
Sr
KA 1.2
30.9
21
2.34
0.18
KA 1.2
13
Bragg angle (2 Q)
Boron
Energy (keV)
Sc
1.54
113.07
45.20
100.21
82.68
81.61
38
Rubidium
KA 1
40.08
10.81
1.24
E (keV)
L (nm) =
29.96
11.9
KA 1.2
20.70
136.72
20.00
Calcium
Rb
55
Spectral line
Ca
0.86
136.67
50.69
118.10
Density (g/cm3)
1.74
20
K
Potassium
KA 1.2
24.31
Mg
0.97
Bromine 3.12
12
4.00
Helium
79.90
Br
Be
Lithium
11
9.01
He
35
0.0007
Atomic weight
28.17
22.59
2d-value (nm)
XS-B
La/B4C multilayer
19.0
XS-C
Ti02/C multilayer
XS-N
XS-55
XS-CEM
Lanthanides, Actinides:
58
140.12
Ce
Cerium
LA 1
4.8
12.0
LA 1
4.8
Ni/BN multilayer
11.0
LB 1
5.3
W/Si multilayer
5.5
Specific structure
2.75
2.576
59
90
Thallium biphthalate
ADP
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate
1.064
PET
Pentaerythrite
0.874
InSb
Indium antimonide
0.748
Thorium
Ge
Germanium
0.653
LA 1
13.0
LA 1
13.0
Praseodymium 6.77
LA 1
5.0
LA 1
5.0
LB 1
5.5
91
Th
LiF (200)
Lithium fluoride
0.403
LB 1
16.2
LiF (220)
Lithium fluoride
0.285
LA 1
13.0
LiF (420)
Lithium fluoride
0.180
LB 1
16.2
60
Pr
6.77
128.13
79.00
71.61
232.04
TIAP
140.91
11.72
39.22
27.46
21.90
64.12
50.29
119.69
75.41
68.23
231.04
LA 1
13.3
LA 1
13.3
LB 1
16.7
LA 1
13.3
LB 1
16.7
38.23
26.79
21.24
62.39
48.68
61
Nd
Neodymium
LA 1
5.2
LA 1
5.2
LB 1
5.7
92
Pa
Protactinium 15.37
144.24
7.01
112.66
72.12
65.10
238.03
LA 1
13.6
LA 1
13.6
LB 1
17.2
LA 1
13.6
LB 1
17.2
62
150.36
63
Pm Sm
Promethium
LA 1
5.4
LA 1
5.4
LB 1
6.0
93
U
Uranium
(145)
7.26
106.48
69.03
62.19
(237)
Samarium
LA 1
5.6
LA 1
5.6
LB 1
6.2
94
Np
18.45
Neptunium
37.29
26.14
20.59
60.75
47.13
LA 1
14.0
LA 1
14.0
LB 1
17.8
7.52
101.12
66.22
59.49
(244)
Pu
20.25
Plutonium
36.38
25.51
19.96
LA 1
14.3
LA 1
14.3
LB 1
18.3
151.96
64
Eu
65
Gd
Europium
5.24
LA 1
5.9
LA 1
5.9
LB 1
6.5
96.23
63.55
56.96
95
157.25
(243)
Gadolinium
LA 1
6.1
LA 1
6.1
LB 1
6.7
96
7.90
91.87
61.09
54.59
(247)
19.84
Americium
LA 1
14.6
LA 1
14.6
LB 1
18.8
13.69
Curium
34.65
24.32
18.81
LA 1
15.0
LA 1
15.0
LB 1
19.4
66
Tb
Terbium
LA 1
6.3
LA 1
6.3
LB 1
7.0
97
Am Cm
35.50
24.90
19.39
158.93
162.50
67
Dy
8.23
87.87
58.78
52.36
(247)
Dysprosium
LA 1
6.5
LA 1
6.5
LB 1
7.2
8.55
84.15
56.59
50.27
98
Bk
(251)
Cf
13.51
Berkelium
14.79
Californium
33.84
23.76
18.26
LA 1
15.3
15.7
15.3
LA 1
15.7
LB 1
20.0
33.04
23.20
17.74
LA 1
LA 1
LB 1
20.6
164.93
Ho
Holmium
8.80
LA 1
6.7
LA 1
6.7
LB 1
7.5
80.73
54.53
48.30
99
(252)
Es
15.1
32.38
22.68
17. 22
68
Einsteinium
167.26
69
Er
Erbium
LA 1
7.0
LA 1
7.0
LB 1
7.8
100
168.93
Tm
9.07
77.58
52.60
46.43
(257)
Thulium
LA 1
7.2
LA 1
7.2
LB 1
8.1
9.32
74.63
50.78
44.67
101
(258)
Fm Md
13.5
Fermium
70
Mendelevium
173.04
71
Yb
Ytterbium
LA 1
7.4
LA 1
7.4
LB 1
8.4
LA 1
7.4
LB1
8.4
102
6.97
71.89
49.06
42.99
136.36
110.04
(259)
No
Nobelium
174.47
Lu
Lutetium
9.84
LA 1
7.7
LA 1
7.7
LB 1
8.7
69.31
47.42
41.40
128.12
104.46
LA 1
7.7
LB1
8.7
103
Lr
Lawrencium
(262)

S8 TIGER Operators Manual DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 Complete

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Bruker AXS GmbH

Bruker AXS GmbH

S8 TIGER Operators Manual

DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009

S8 TIGER X-ray Spectrometer

Safety Guidelines .............................................................................................1-1

General Physical Principles ............................................................................2-1

DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009

S8 TIGER Operators Manual

Introduction to the Instrument........................................................................ 3-1

Switching the Instrument On and Off............................................................. 4-1

TouchControl Operation.............................................................................. 5-1

Introduction ................................................................................................................... 5-1

DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009

S8 TIGER Operators Manual

Operating the S8 TIGER...................................................................................6-1

DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009

S8 TIGER Operators Manual

Servicing and Maintaining the Spectrometer System .................................. 7-1

Troubleshooting the System........................................................................... 8-1

DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009

S8 TIGER Operators Manual

Reference: List of Menus in Spectra Mail..................................................................... 8-16

Overview S8 TIGER Solutions.........................................................................9-1

10 S8 TIGER Parts ...............................................................................................10-1

DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009

S8 TIGER Operators Manual

11 S8 TIGER Specifications ............................................................................... 11-1

12 References ..................................................................................................... 12-1

13 Index ............................................................................................................... 13-1

14 Fold-out Periodic Table ................................................................................. 14-1

DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009

S8 TIGER Operators Manual

Schematic diagram of an X-ray tube. ................................................................................................ 2-1

DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009

S8 TIGER Operators Manual

Control panel ..................................................................................................................................... 4-9

DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009

S8 TIGER Operators Manual

Selection of the measurement mode............................................................................................... 6-17

DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009

S8 TIGER Operators Manual

LED guide........................................................................................................................................ 3-15

DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009

Risk of Electric Shock!

Caution! Read the Operating Instructions!

DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009

S8 TIGER Operators Manual

Danger of Injury! Danger of Crushing!

Warning: Hot Surfaces!

Danger of Toxic Substances!

General Biohazard Warning!

Protective Ground/Earth Terminal

DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009

S8 TIGER Operators Manual

DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009

S8 TIGER Operators Manual

DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009

S8 TIGER Operators Manual

General Safety Precautions of the S8 TIGER

DOC-M80-EXX032 V3 11. 2009

S8 TIGER Operators Manual

Warning: Danger of Voltage!

Warning: Electrical Hazards due to Leakage of Cooling Water!