Examples From FEM

1
CHAPTER SIX
Plates and Shells
Example 6.3 Square plate subjected to distributed load (p. 302)

Consider solution of a square plate subjected to a uniformly distributed load. Two opposite sides of the plate are clamped
and the other two are simply supported. Use the following numerical data.
1 1 plate h = 0.1 E = 10920 n = 0.3 q = 1
Taking advantage of symmetry we model a 1/4 of the plate using only four elements as shown in Figure 6.12. The element
side 1-4 is clamped, side 1-2 is simply supported, and the other two sides have symmetry boundary condition. Thus the
following essential boundary conditions are imposed.
Side1 - 4 : w = 0 qx = 0 q y = 0
Side1 - 2 : w = 0 q y = 0
Side 2 - 3 : q y = 0
Side 3 - 4 : qx = 0
y
0.5
3
4
5
0.25
2
1
0.25
0.5
Figure 6.12. Four triangular plate element model
Global equations at start of the element assembly process

ij 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
k0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Equations for element 1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
ij 14 yz
i0
i0 y
Element nodes: 1 jj zz 2 jjj 1 zzz 3 jjj 1
k0 {
k 2
k 4 {
h = 0.1
E = 10920
Mapping to the master element

s
xHs,tL =
4
s
t
yHs,tL = +
4
2
1
detJ =
8
n = 0.3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 y ij w1
zz jj
0 zzzz jjjj Hqx L1
zj
0 zzzz jjjj Hqy L1
zz jj
0 zzz jjj w2
zz jj
0 zzzz jjjj Hqx L2
zj
0 zzzz jjjj Hqy L2
zz jj
0 zzzz jjjj w3
zj
0 zzzz jjjj Hqx L3
zz jj
0 zzz jjj Hqy L3
zz jj
0 zzzz jjjj w4
zj
0 zzzz jjjj Hqx L4
zz jj
0 zzz jjj Hqy L4
zz jj
0 zzzz jjjj w5
zj
0 zzzz jjjj Hqx L5
zz jj
0 { jk Hqy L
5
yz i 0 y
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz = jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zzz jjj zzz
zz jj 0 zz
zzz jjj zzz
zz jj 0 zz
zzz jjj zzz
zz jj 0 zz
zzz jjj zzz
zz jj 0 zz
zzz jjj zzz
zz jj 0 zz
zzz jjj zzz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
z
{ k0 {
zyz
z
{
D = 1.
q = 1.
Gauss quadrature points and weights

Point
1
s
t
s
t
s
t
s
t
Weight
13
13
15
15
35
15
15
35
9
-
32
25
96
25
96
25
96
After summing contributions from all points, the element equations as follows:
48.
jij
jj 7.26667
jj
jj
jj -4.2
jj
jj
jjj -48.
j
k = jjjj 3.4
jj
jj -4.2
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jjj 1.33333
j
k -3.6
7.26667
1.7
-0.65
-7.93333
-0.108333
-0.341667
0.666667
0.0583333
-0.991667
-4.2
-0.65
0.733333
5.8
-0.0583333
0.275
-1.6
0.0583333
0.441667
-48.
-7.93333
5.8
96.
4.
8.4
-48.
3.93333
9.8
3.4
-0.108333
-0.0583333
4.
2.1
-0.05
-7.4
0.708333
1.10833
-4.2
-0.341667
0.275
8.4
-0.05
1.6
-4.2
0.391667
0.225
0
0.666667
-1.6
-48.
-7.4
-4.2
48.
-5.26667
-6.2
1.33333
0.0583333
0.0583333
3.93333
0.708333
0.391667
-5.26667
0.883333
0.533333
-3.6
zyz
-0.991667 zzzz
z
0.441667 zzzz
zz
zz
9.8
zz
z
1.10833 zzzz
zz
zz
0.225
zz
zz
zz
-6.2
zz
0.533333 zzzz
z
1.78333 {
rT = H 0.0208333 0.00208333 -0.000520833 0.0208333 -0.000260417 0.00130208 0.0208333 -0.00182292

jij 48.
jj 7.26667
jj
jj
jj -4.2
jj
jj
jjj -48.
jj
jj 3.4
jj
jj
jj -4.2
jj
jj
jj 1.33227 10-15
jj
jjj 1.33333
jj
k -3.6
7.26667
1.7
-0.65
-7.93333
-0.108333
-0.341667
-4.2
-0.65
0.733333
5.8
-0.0583333
0.275
0.666667
-1.6
0.0583333 0.0583333
-0.991667 0.441667
-48.
-7.93333
5.8
96.
4.
8.4
3.4
-0.108333
-0.0583333
4.
2.1
-0.05
-4.2
-0.341667
0.275
8.4
-0.05
1.6
2.22045 10-15
0.666667
-1.6
-48.
-7.4
-4.2
1.33333
0.0583333
0.0583333
3.93333
0.708333
0.391667
-3.6
-0.9
0.44
9.8
1.10
0.22
-48.
3.93333
9.8
-7.4
0.708333
1.10833
-4.2
0.391667
0.225
48.
-5.26667
-6.2
-5.26667
0.883333
0.533333
-6.2
0.53
1.78
The element contributes to 81, 2, 3, 13, 14, 15, 10, 11, 12< global degrees of freedom.
Adding element equations into appropriate locations we have
ij 48.
jj
jj 7.26667
jj
jj -4.2
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jjj 1.33333
jj
jj -3.6
jj
jj
jj -48.
jj
jj 3.4
jj
jj
k -4.2
-4.2
-0.65
0.733333
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1.6
0.0583333
0.441667
5.8
-0.0583333
0.275
7.26667
1.7
-0.65
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.666667
0.0583333
-0.991667
-7.93333
-0.108333
-0.341667
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
i 1
i0 y
Element nodes: 1 jj zz 2 jjj 2
k0 {
k0
1
zyz 3 ijjj 4 yzzz
z
j 1 z
{
k 4 {
h = 0.1
n = 0.3
E = 10920
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
D = 1.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.666667
-1.6
0
0
0
0
0
0
48.
-5.26667
-6.2
-48.
-7.4
-4.2
q = 1.

s
t
xHs,tL = +
2
4
t
yHs,tL =
4
1
detJ =
8

Point
1
s
t
s
t
s
t
s
t
13
13
15
15
35
15
15
35
Weight
9
-
32
25
96
25
96
25
96
1.33333
0.0583333
0.0583333
0
0
0
0
0
0
-5.26667
0.883333
0.533333
3.93333
0.708333
0.391667
-3.6
-0.991667
0.441667
0
0
0
0
0
0
-6.2
0.533333
1.78333
9.8
1.10833
0.225
-48.
-7.93333
5.8
0
0
0
0
0
0
-48.
3.93333
9.8
96.
4.
8.4
3.4
-0.108333
-0.0583333
0
0
0
0
0
0
-7.4
0.708333
1.10833
4.
2.1
-0.05
k=
48.
jij
jj 6.2
jj
jj
jj -5.26667
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 1.6
jj
jj 0.666667
jj
jj
jj -48.
jj
jj
jjj 4.2
j
k -7.4
6.2
1.78333
-0.533333
3.6
0.441667
0.991667
-9.8
0.225
-1.10833
-5.26667
-0.533333
0.883333
1.33333
-0.0583333
0.0583333
3.93333
-0.391667
0.708333
0
3.6
1.33333
48.
4.2
7.26667
-48.
4.2
3.4
1.6
0.441667
-0.0583333
4.2
0.733333
0.65
-5.8
0.275
0.0583333
0.666667
0.991667
0.0583333
7.26667
0.65
1.7
-7.93333
0.341667
-0.108333
-48.
-9.8
3.93333
-48.
-5.8
-7.93333
96.
-8.4
4.
4.2
0.225
-0.391667
4.2
0.275
0.341667
-8.4
1.6
0.05
-7.4
zyz
-1.10833 zzzz
z
0.708333 zzzz
zz
zz
3.4
zz
z
0.0583333 zzzz
z
-0.108333 zzzz
zz
zz
4.
zz
zz
zz
0.05
zz
2.1
{
rT = H 0.0208333 0.00078125 -0.00182292 0.0208333 0.000520833 0.00208333 0.0208333 -0.00130208 -0

jij 48.
jj 6.2
jj
jj
jj -5.26667
jj
jj
jj -4.44089 10-15
jj
jj
jj 1.6
jj
jj 0.666667
jj
jj
jj -48.
jj
jj
jj 4.2
jj
k -7.4
6.2
-5.26667
1.78333
-0.533333
-0.533333 0.883333
-3.55271 10-15
3.6
1.33333
1.6
0.666667
0.441667
0.991667
-0.0583333 0.0583333
-48.
-9.8
3.93333
4.2
0.225
-0.391667
3.6
0.441667
0.991667
-9.8
0.225
-1.10833
48.
4.2
7.26667
-48.
4.2
3.4
4.2
0.733333
0.65
-5.8
0.275
0.0583333
-48.
-5.8
-7.93333
96.
-8.4
4.
4.2
0.275
0.341667
-8.4
1.6
0.05
1.33333
-0.0583333
0.0583333
3.93333
-0.391667
0.708333
7.26667
0.65
1.7
-7.93333
0.341667
-0.108333

ij 96.
jj
jj 13.4667
jj
jj -9.46667
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 1.6
jj
jj 0.666667
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 1.33333
jj
jj
jjj -3.6
jj
jjj -96.
jj
jjj 7.6
jj
k -11.6
13.4667
3.48333
-1.18333
3.6
0.441667
0.991667
0
0
0
0.666667
0.0583333
-0.991667
-17.7333
0.116667
-1.45
i 1
Element nodes: 1 jjj 2
k0
h = 0.1
0
3.6
1.33333
48.
4.2
7.26667
0
0
0
0
0
0
-48.
4.2
3.4
1.6
0.441667
-0.0583333
4.2
0.733333
0.65
0
0
0
0
0
0
-5.8
0.275
0.0583333
0.666667
0.991667
0.0583333
7.26667
0.65
1.7
0
0
0
0
0
0
-7.93333
0.341667
-0.108333
i 1 y
i 1 y
yz
zz 2 jjjj 2 zzzz 3 jjjj 4 zzzz
1
1
{
k 2 {
k 4 {
E = 10920
-9.46667
-1.18333
1.61667
1.33333
-0.0583333
0.0583333
0
0
0
-1.6
0.0583333
0.441667
9.73333
-0.45
0.983333
n = 0.3
D = 1.
q = 1.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.666667
-1.6
0
0
0
0
0
0
48.
-5.26667
-6.2
-48.
-7.4
-4.2
1.33333
0.0583333
0.0583333
0
0
0
0
0
0
-5.26667
0.883333
0.533333
3.93333
0.708333
0.391667
-3.6
-0.991
0.44166
0
0
0
0
0
0
-6.2
0.53333
1.78333
9.8
1.10833
0.225
s
1
t
xHs,tL = + H-s - t + 1L +
2
2
4
s
t
yHs,tL = +
2
4
1
detJ =
8

Point
Weight
s 13
t 13
9
-
32
s 15
t 15
25
96
s 35
t 15
25
96
s 15
t 35
25
96
ij 48.
jj
jj 5.26667
jj
jj 6.2
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k = jjjj -0.666667
jj
jjj 1.6
jj
jj -48.
jj
jj
jj 7.4
jj
k 4.2
-0.666667
0.0583333
-0.991667
-7.26667
1.7
-0.65
7.93333
-0.108333
-0.341667
1.6
0.0583333
0.441667
4.2
-0.65
0.733333
-5.8
-0.0583333
0.275
-48.
-3.93333
-9.8
-48.
7.93333
-5.8
96.
-4.
-8.4
5.26667
0.883333
0.533333
-1.33333
0.0583333
0.0583333
-3.93333
0.708333
0.391667
6.2
0.533333
1.78333
3.6
-0.991667
0.441667
-9.8
1.10833
0.225
0
-1.33333
3.6
48.
-7.26667
4.2
-48.
-3.4
4.2
7.4
0.708333
1.10833
-3.4
-0.108333
-0.0583333
-4.
2.1
-0.05
4.2
0.391667
0.225
4.2
-0.341667
0.275
-8.4
-0.05
1.6
5.26667
0.883333
0.533333
6.2
0.533333
1.78333
1.59872 10-14
-1.33333
3.6
-0.666667 1.6
0.0583333 0.0583333
-0.991667 0.441667
-48.
7.4
-3.93333 0.708333
-9.8
1.10833
4.2
0.391
0.225
-1.33333
0.0583333
0.0583333
-3.93333
0.708333
0.391667
3.6
-0.991667
0.441667
-9.8
1.10833
0.225
48.
-7.26667
4.2
-48.
-3.4
4.2
-7.26667
1.7
-0.65
7.93333
-0.108333
-0.341667
-48.
7.93333
-5.8
96.
-4.
-8.4
4.2
-0.34
0.275
-8.4
-0.05
1.6
rT = H 0.0208333 0.00182292 0.00078125 0.0208333 -0.00208333 0.000520833 0.0208333 0.000260417 -0
ij 48.
jj
jj 5.26667
jj
jj
jj 6.2
jj
jj
jj 1.5099 10-14
jj
jjj -0.666667
jj
jj 1.6
jj
jj
jj -48.
jj
jj
jj 7.4
jj
k 4.2
4.2
-0.65
0.733333
-5.8
-0.0583333
0.275
-3.4
-0.108333
-0.0583333
-4.
2.1
-0.05
ij 96.
jj
jj 13.4667
jj
jj -9.46667
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 1.6
jj
jj 0.666667
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jjj 1.33333
jj
jj -3.6
jj
jj
jj -96.
jj
jj 7.6
jj
jj
k -11.6
13.4667
3.48333
-1.18333
3.6
0.441667
0.991667
0
0
0
0.666667
0.0583333
-0.991667
-17.7333
0.116667
-1.45
-9.46667
-1.18333
1.61667
1.33333
-0.0583333
0.0583333
0
0
0
-1.6
0.0583333
0.441667
9.73333
-0.45
0.983333
ij 12 yz
i0
Element nodes: 1 jjj 1 zzz 2 jjj 1
k 2
k 2 {
h = 0.1
E = 10920
0
3.6
1.33333
96.
9.46667
13.4667
0
-0.666667
1.6
0
0
0
-96.
11.6
7.6
1.6
0.441667
-0.0583333
9.46667
1.61667
1.18333
-1.33333
0.0583333
0.0583333
0
0
0
-9.73333
0.983333
0.45
0.666667
0.991667
0.0583333
13.4667
1.18333
3.48333
3.6
-0.991667
0.441667
0
0
0
-17.7333
1.45
0.116667
1
zyz 3 ijjj 4 yzzz
z
j 1 z
{
k 4 {
n = 0.3
D = 1.
q = 1.

1
t
xHs,tL = H-s - t + 1L +
2
4
s
1
t
yHs,tL = + H-s - t + 1L +
2
2
4
1
detJ =
8

Point
Weight
s 13
t 13
9
-
32
s 15
t 15
25
96
s 35
t 15
25
96
s 15
t 35
25
96
0
0
0
0
-1.33333
3.6
48.
-7.26667
4.2
0
0
0
-48.
-3.4
4.2
0
0
0
-0.666667
0.0583333
-0.991667
-7.26667
1.7
-0.65
0
0
0
7.93333
-0.108333
-0.341667
0
0
0
1.6
0.0583333
0.441667
4.2
-0.65
0.733333
0
0
0
-5.8
-0.0583333
0.275
ij 48.
jj
jj -6.2
jj
jj 5.26667
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k = jjjj -1.6
jj
jj -0.666667
jj
jj
jj -48.
jj
jj -4.2
jj
j
k 7.4
-6.2
1.78333
-0.533333
-3.6
0.441667
0.991667
9.8
0.225
-1.10833
5.26667
-0.533333
0.883333
-1.33333
-0.0583333
0.0583333
-3.93333
-0.391667
0.708333
0
-3.6
-1.33333
48.
-4.2
-7.26667
-48.
-4.2
-3.4
-1.6
0.441667
-0.0583333
-4.2
0.733333
0.65
5.8
0.275
0.0583333
-0.666667
0.991667
0.0583333
-7.26667
0.65
1.7
7.93333
0.341667
-0.108333
-48.
9.8
-3.93333
-48.
5.8
7.93333
96.
8.4
-4.
-4.2
0.225
-0.391667
-4.2
0.275
0.341667
8.4
1.6
0.05
7.4
-1.10833
0.708333
-3.4
0.0583333
-0.108333
-4.
0.05
2.1
rT = H 0.0208333 -0.00078125 0.00182292 0.0208333 -0.000520833 -0.00208333 0.0208333 0.00130208
ij 48.
jj
jj -6.2
jj
jj
jj 5.26667
jj
jj
jj 2.04281 10-14
jj
jjj -1.6
jj
jj -0.666667
jj
jj
jj -48.
jj
jj
jj -4.2
jj
k 7.4
-6.2
5.26667
1.78333
-0.533333
-0.533333 0.883333
2.04281 10-14
-3.6
-1.33333
-1.6
-0.666667 -48.
-4.2
7.4
0.441667
0.991667
9.8
0.225
-1.
-0.0583333 0.0583333 -3.93333 -0.391667 0.70
-3.6
0.441667
0.991667
9.8
0.225
-1.10833
48.
-4.2
-7.26667
-48.
-4.2
-3.4
-4.2
0.733333
0.65
5.8
0.275
0.0583333
-1.33333
-0.0583333
0.0583333
-3.93333
-0.391667
0.708333
-7.26667
0.65
1.7
7.93333
0.341667
-0.108333
-48.
5.8
7.93333
96.
8.4
-4.
-4.2
0.275
0.341667
8.4
1.6
0.05
-3.
0.05
-0.
-4.
0.05
2.1

ij 96.
jj
jj 13.4667
jj
jj -9.46667
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 1.6
jj
jj 0.666667
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jjj 1.33333
jj
jj -3.6
jj
jj
jj -96.
jj
jj 7.6
jj
jj
k -11.6
13.4667
3.48333
-1.18333
3.6
0.441667
0.991667
0
0
0
0.666667
0.0583333
-0.991667
-17.7333
0.116667
-1.45
Essential boundary conditions
-9.46667
-1.18333
1.61667
1.33333
-0.0583333
0.0583333
0
0
0
-1.6
0.0583333
0.441667
9.73333
-0.45
0.983333
0
3.6
1.33333
96.
9.46667
13.4667
0
-0.666667
1.6
0
0
0
-96.
11.6
7.6
1.6
0.441667
-0.0583333
9.46667
1.61667
1.18333
-1.33333
0.0583333
0.0583333
0
0
0
-9.73333
0.983333
0.45
0.666667
0.991667
0.0583333
13.4667
1.18333
3.48333
3.6
-0.991667
0.441667
0
0
0
-17.7333
1.45
0.116667
0
0
0
0
-1.33333
3.6
96.
-13.4667
9.46667
0
-1.6
-0.666667
-96.
-7.6
11.6
0
0
0
-0.666667
0.0583333
-0.991667
-13.4667
3.48333
-1.18333
-3.6
0.441667
0.991667
17.7333
0.116667
-1.45
0
0
0
1.6
0.0583333
0.441667
9.46667
-1.18333
1.61667
-1.33333
-0.0583333
0.0583333
-9.73333
-0.45
0.983333
Node
1
2
dof
w1
Hqx L1
Hqy L1
Value
w2
Hqy L2
Hqx L3
Hqy L3
2
3
3
w4
Hqx L4
Hqy L4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Remove 81, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12< rows and columns.

After adjusting for essential boundary conditions we have
ij 1.61667
jj
jj -1.33333
jj
jj -9.73333
jj
jj
jj 0.983333
jj
j
k 0.45
-1.33333
96.
-96.
-7.6
11.6
-9.73333
-96.
384.
0
0
0.983333
-7.6
0
7.4
0
0.45 y ij Hqx L2
zz j
11.6 zzzz jjjj w3
z jj
0 zzzz jjj w5
zz jj
0 zzz jjjj Hqx L5
zz j
7.4 { k Hqy L5
yz ij 0.00234375 yz
zz jj
zz jj 0.0416667 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz = jj 0.0833333 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj 0
zz
zz jj
zz
z j
z
{
{ k0
Solving the final system of global equations we get
8Hqx L2 = 0.00962676, w3 = 0.00208276, w5 = 0.000981715, Hqx L5 = 0.000859818, Hqy L5 = -0.00385027<
Complete table of nodal values

1
2
3
4
5
w
0
0
0.00208276
0
0.000981715
qx
0
0.00962676
0
0
0.000859818
qy
0
0
0
0
-0.00385027
Computation of reactions
Equation numbers of dof with specified values: 81, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12<
Extracting equations 81, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12< from the global system we have
10
ij 96.
jj
jj 13.4667
jj
jj -9.46667
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0.666667
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 1.33333
j
k -3.6
13.4667
3.48333
-1.18333
3.6
0.991667
0
0
0.666667
0.0583333
-0.991667
-9.46667
-1.18333
1.61667
1.33333
0.0583333
0
0
-1.6
0.0583333
0.441667
0
3.6
1.33333
96.
13.4667
-0.666667
1.6
0
0
0
1.6
0.441667
-0.0583333
9.46667
1.18333
0.0583333
0.0583333
0
0
0
0.666667
0.991667
0.0583333
13.4667
3.48333
-0.991667
0.441667
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.6
-13.4667
9.46667
0
-1.6
-0.666667
0
0
0
-0.666667
-0.991667
3.48333
-1.18333
-3.6
0.441667
0.991667
0
0
0
1.6
0.441667
-1.18333
1.61667
-1.33333
-0.0583333
0.0583333
Substituting the nodal values and re-arranging
ij R1 yz ij 96.
z j
jj
jj R2 zzz jjj 13.4667
z j
jj
jj R zzz jjj -9.46667
jj 3 zz jj
z j
jj
jj R4 zzz jjj 0
zz jj
jjj
jj R zzz jjj 0.666667
jj 5 zz jj
z j
jj
jj R6 zzz = jjj 0
zz jj
jj
z j
jj
jj R7 zzz jjj 0
z j
jj
jj R zzz jjj 0
jj 8 zz jj
jj
z j
jj
zz jj
j
z j
k R10 { k -3.6
13.4667
3.48333
-1.18333
3.6
0.991667
0
0
0.666667
0.0583333
-0.991667
-9.46667
-1.18333
1.61667
1.33333
0.0583333
0
0
-1.6
0.0583333
0.441667
0
3.6
1.33333
96.
13.4667
-0.666667
1.6
0
0
0
Carrying out computations, the reactions are as follows.

Label
R1
R2
R3
dof
w1
Hqx L1
Hqy L1
Reaction
-0.0693107
-0.0103386
0.00716453
R4
R5
w2
Hqy L2
-0.0640662
-0.000586534
R6
R7
Hqx L3
Hqy L3
R8
R9
R10
w4
Hqx L4
Hqy L4
Sum of Reactions
-0.00152938
0.00420621
-0.116623
0.00767956
0.0196827
1.6
0.441667
-0.0583333
9.46667
1.18333
0.0583333
0.0583333
0
0
0
0.666667
0.991667
0.0583333
13.4667
3.48333
-0.991667
0.441667
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.6
-13.4667
9.46667
0
-1.6
-0.666667
0
0
0
-0.666667
-0.991667
3.48333
-1.18333
-3.6
0.441667
0.991667
0
0
0
1.6
0.441
-1.18
1.616
-1.33
-0.05
0.058
11
dof: w
dof: qx
dof: qy
-0.25
-0.00418845
0.0304669
Solution for element 1
Interpolation functions = 848 x3 + 4 H12 y - 7L x2 + 8 y H2 y - 1L x + H1 - 2 yL2 H4 y + 1L,

8 x3 + 4 Hy - 1L x2 + H1 - 2 yL2 y, -x H2 x + 2 y - 1L2 , -16 x H6 x2 - 2 x + y H2 y - 1LL,
-2 x H2 x2 - 8 y x + x - 2 y2 + yL, 2 x H-6 x2 + x - 2 y2 + yL, 4 H12 x3 - H12 y + 1L x2 + 2 y H2 y - 1L x + H3 - 4 yL y2 L,
-4 x3 + 4 y x2 + 2 H1 - 2 yL y x + 2 y2 H2 y - 1L, -2 x H4 x - 1L Hx - yL<
Nodal dof = H 0 0 0 0.000981715 0.000859818 -0.00385027 0 0 0 L
wHx,yL = -0.0514806 x3 + 0.0137571 y x2 + 0.0219947 x2 - 0.0125745 y2 x + 0.00628725 y x

ij -0.308884 x + 0.0275142 y + 0.0439894 yz
zz
j
zz
zz
0.0550283
x
0.050298
y
+
0.0125745
{
k
y = jjjj -0.025149 x
j
ij 1. 0.3 0 yz
z
j
D C = jjjj 0.3 1. 0 zzzz
z
j
0
0.35 {
k0
M
0.316428 x - 0.0275142 y - 0.0439894
zy
jij x yzz jij
jj M zz = jj 0.117814 x - 0.00825425 y - 0.0131968 zzz
zz
jj y zz jj
z j
z
j
k Mxy { k -0.0192599 x + 0.0176043 y - 0.00440108 {
ij Vx
j
k Vy
yz ij 0.334033 yz
z
z=j
{ k -0.0275142 {
ij sx yz ij 189.857 x - 16.5085 y - 26.3936 yz

z
z j
j
Maximum in-plane stresses, jjjj sy zzzz = jjjj 70.6885 x - 4.95255 y - 7.91809 zzzz
z
z j
j
k txy { k -11.556 x + 10.5626 y - 2.64065 {
i tzx zy ji 5.01049 zy
Maximum transverse shear stresses, jj
z=j
z
k tzy { k -0.412713 {
1
1
Solution at x = and y =
12
4
w = 0.000212325
Moments = 8-0.0244989, -0.00544254, -0.00160499<
Maximum in-plane stresses = 8-14.6993, -3.26552, -0.962996<

Shears = 80.334033, -0.0275142<
Maximum transverse shear stresses = 85.01049, -0.412713<
Interpolation functions = 816 x3 + 4 H4 y - 3L x2 + 8 y H6 y - 1L x + 48 y3 - 28 y2 + 1,

y H2 x + 2 y - 1L H4 y - 1L, -4 x3 - 4 Hy - 1L x2 + H-4 y2 + 2 y - 1L x + 2 H1 - 2 yL y2 ,
-4 H4 x3 - H4 y + 3L x2 + 2 y H6 y + 1L x - 12 y3 + y2 L, 4 Hx - yL2 y, -2 H2 x3 - x2 + 2 y2 x - 4 y3 + y2 L,
-16 y H2 x2 - x + 2 y H3 y - 1LL, 2 y H2 x2 - x + y H6 y - 1LL, -2 y H-2 x2 + 8 y x + x + y H2 y - 3LL<
Nodal dof = H 0 0 0 0 0.00962676 0 0.000981715 0.000859818 -0.00385027 L
wHx,yL = -0.0300187 y3 - 0.0154097 x y2 + 0.00659359 y2 - 0.00486968 x2 y + 0.0216884 x y
12
yz
zz
zz
zz
-0.0194787
x
0.0616386
y
+
0.0433767
{
k
ij -0.00973936 y
j
y = jjjj -0.0308193 x - 0.180112 y + 0.0131872

j
ij 1. 0.3 0 yz
z
j
z
j
0
0.35 {
k0
M
0.00924579 x + 0.063773 y - 0.00395616 y
z
jij x yzz ijj
jj M zz = jj 0.0308193 x + 0.183034 y - 0.0131872 zzz
zz
jj y zz jj
z j
z
j
k Mxy { k 0.00681756 x + 0.0215735 y - 0.0151818 {
V
0.0308193 y
zz
jij x yzz = jij
V
k y { k 0.189852 {
ij sx yz ij 5.54747 x + 38.2638 y - 2.37369 yz

j
z
z j
Maximum in-plane stresses, jjjj sy zzzz = jjjj 18.4916 x + 109.82 y - 7.91231 zzzz
j
z
z j
k txy { k 4.09053 x + 12.9441 y - 9.10911 {
i tzx yz ij 0.46229 yz
z=j
z
k tzy { k 2.84777 {
1
1
4
12
w = 0.000428142
Moments = 80.00366971, 0.00977047, -0.0116797<
Maximum in-plane stresses = 82.20183, 5.86228, -7.0078<

Shears = 80.0308193, 0.189852<
Maximum transverse shear stresses = 80.46229, 2.84777<
Interpolation functions = :-4 H12 x3 - H12 y + 11L x2 + 2 H2 y2 + 5 y + 1L x + y H-4 y2 + y - 2LL,
-4 x3 + 4 Hy + 1L x2 - H4 y2 + 2 y + 1L x + y H4 y2 - 2 y + 1L, -H8 x2 - 6 x + 1L Hx - yL,

-48 x3 + H68 - 48 yL x2 - 8 H2 y2 - 7 y + 4L x - 16 y3 + 20 y2 - 16 y + 5, 8 x3 + 2 H2 y - 5L x2 1
1
4 Hy - 1L x + 4 y3 - 2 y2 + y - , - H2 x - 1L H2 x + 2 y - 1L2 , 4 H2 x - 1L H12 x2 - 8 x + 4 y2 - 2 y + 1L,
2
2
-H2 x - 1L H2 x2 - 8 y x + x - 2 y2 + 5 y - 1L, -H2 x - 1L H6 x2 - 5 x + 2 y2 - y + 1L>
Nodal dof = H 0 0.00962676 0 0.00208276 0 0 0.000981715 0.000859818 -0.00385027 L

wHx,yL = -0.00147075 x3 - 0.0477083 y x2 + 0.0085781 x2 - 0.0215759 y2 x +
0.0584962 y x - 0.00747504 x + 0.00518289 y3 - 0.00272597 y2 - 0.00769429 y + 0.00177684
ij -0.00882451 x - 0.0954166 y + 0.0171562 yz
z
j
y = jjjj -0.0431518 x + 0.0310974 y - 0.00545195 zzzz

z
j
k -0.190833 x - 0.0863036 y + 0.116992
ij 1. 0.3 0 yz
z
j
z
j
0
0.35 {
k0
ij Mx yz ij 0.0217701 x + 0.0860874 y - 0.0155206 yz

z
z j
jj
jj My zzz = jjj 0.0457992 x - 0.0024724 y + 0.000305086 zzz
zz
zz jj
jj
k Mxy { k 0.0667916 x + 0.0302063 y - 0.0409474 {
13
ij Vx
j
k Vy
yz ij 0.0519763 yz
z=j
z
{ k 0.0643192 {
13.062 x + 51.6524 y - 9.31237 y

s
zz
jij x yzz jij
z
j
j
z
j
j
Maximum in-plane stresses, jj sy zz = jj 27.4795 x - 1.48344 y + 0.183052 zzzz
z j
z
j
k txy { k 40.075 x + 18.1238 y - 24.5684 {
z
z=j
k tzy { k 0.964788 {
5
1
12
4
w = 0.00149295
Moments = 80.0150721, 0.01877, -0.00556597<
Maximum in-plane stresses = 89.04324, 11.262, -3.33958<
Shears = 80.0519763, 0.0643192<
Maximum transverse shear stresses = 80.779645, 0.964788<
Interpolation functions = :-16 x3 - 4 H4 y - 5L x2 - 8 H6 y2 - 7 y + 2L x - H1 - 2 yL2 H12 y - 5L,
1
1
H2 x + 2 y - 1L H8 y2 - 6 y + 1L, -4 x3 - 4 Hy - 1L x2 + H-4 y2 + 6 y - 2L x - H2 y - 1L3 ,
2
2
4 H4 x3 - H4 y + 1L x2 + 2 H6 y2 - 5 y + 1L x + y H-12 y2 + 11 y - 2LL, 2 Hx - yL2 H2 y - 1L,
2 H-2 x3 + 2 x2 + H-2 y2 + 2 y - 1L x + H1 - 2 yL2 yL, 4 H2 y - 1L H4 x2 - 2 x + 12 y2 - 8 y + 1L,
H2 y - 1L H2 x2 - x + 6 y2 - 5 y + 1L, H2 y - 1L H2 x2 + H3 - 8 yL x - 2 y2 + 3 y - 1L>
Nodal dof = H 0.00208276 0 0 0 0 0 0.000981715 0.000859818 -0.00385027 L

wHx,yL = -0.0333241 x3 - 0.0138711 y x2 + 0.0319286 x2 - 0.038368 y2 x +
0.0453035 y x - 0.0130598 x + 0.0199912 y3 - 0.0128838 y2 - 0.00210956 y + 0.00177684
ij -0.199945 x - 0.0277422 y + 0.0638573 yz
zz
j
zz
zz
-0.0554843
x
0.153472
y
+
0.0906071
{
k
y = jjjj -0.076736 x + 0.119947 y - 0.0257676

j
ij 1. 0.3 0 yz
z
j
z
j
0
0.35 {
k0
M
0.222966 x - 0.00824192 y - 0.056127 y
z
jij x yzz jij
jj M zz = jj 0.136719 x - 0.111624 y + 0.00661043 zzz
zz
jj y zz jj
z j
z
j
k Mxy { k 0.0194195 x + 0.0537152 y - 0.0317125 {
ij Vx
j
k Vy
yz ij 0.276681 yz
z
z=j
{ k -0.0922048 {
ij sx yz ij 133.779 x - 4.94515 y - 33.6762 yz

j
z
z j
Maximum in-plane stresses, jjjj sy zzzz = jjjj 82.0317 x - 66.9746 y + 3.96626 zzzz
j
z
z j
k txy { k 11.6517 x + 32.2291 y - 19.0275 {
z=j
z
k tzy { k -1.38307 {
1
5
4
12
14
w = 0.00100972
Moments = 8-0.00381973, -0.00571984, -0.00447627<

Shears = 80.276681, -0.0922048<
Solution summary
Nodal solution
1
x-coord
0
y-coord
0
w
0
qx
0
qy
0
12
0.00962676
12
0.00208276
14
12
12
14
0.000981715
0.000859818
-0.00385027
Element solution
Coord
Disp
12
1
4
0.000212325
14
1
12
0.000428142
12
1
4
0.00149295
14
5
12
0.00100972
Max in-plane stresses

-14.6993
-3.26552
-0.962996
2.20183
5.86228
-7.0078
9.04324
11.262
-3.33958
-2.29184
-3.43191
-2.68576
Support reactions
Node
1
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
4
dof
1
2
3
1
3
2
3
1
2
3
Reaction
-0.0693107
-0.0103386
0.00716453
-0.0640662
-0.000586534
-0.00152938
0.00420621
-0.116623
0.00767956
0.0196827
Sum of applied loads H 0.25 0 0 L
Sum of support reactions H -0.25 -0.00418845 0.0304669 L
Max transverse shear stresses

5.01049
-0.412713
0.46229
2.84777
0.779645
0.964788
4.15021
-1.38307
15
Prescribed displacement patch test Does not pass (p. 303)

The element does not maintain slope continuity across element interfaces. It also does not pass the patch test. Consider the
prescribed displacement test on a patch of four triangular elements shown in the figure. The displacement w is represented
by the following function.
x2 + y x + y2
w =
10000
As seen in the previous section this displacement field, with E = 106 , n = 0.3, and h = 0.1, results in a constant stress-state in
the plate with the following numerical values.
Moments = 8-0.0238095, -0.0238095, -0.00641026<
Max in-plane stresses = 8-14.2857, -14.2857, -3.84615<
Now we consider an arbitrary patch of triangular elements as shown in Figure 6.13. Assume that there are no external
applied loads and all exterior nodes are subjected to displacements and rotations computed from given w.
x2i + yi xi + y2i
wi =
;
10000
i 81, 2, 3, 4<
xi + 2 yi
qxi =
;
10000
-2 xi - yi
qyi =
10000
We should then expect the displacements at the interior node 5 to be also equal to those obtained from this function. For the
given patch of elements, the element equations are computed and then assembled to get the 15 15 global stiffness matrix
for the patch. The exterior nodes are then given the following specified boundary conditions
1
2
3
4
x
0.
20.
20.
0.
y
0.
0.
12.
12.
w
0.
0.04
0.0784
0.0144
qx =wy
0.
0.002
0.0044
0.0024
q y =-wx
0.
-0.004
-0.0052
-0.0012
16
y
12
12
20
Figure 6.13. Arbitrary patch of triangular elements

3.40214
jij
jj 15.9586
jj
jj
jj -4.56305
jj
jj
jjj -1.01017
jj
jjj 6.50908
jj
jj -3.71513
jj
jj
jjj -2.39196
jj
jjj 14.3172
j
k -3.84389
ij w1
jj
jj Hqx L1
jj
jj Hq L
jj y 1
jj
jj w
jj 5
jj
jj Hqx L5
jj
jj
jj Hqy L5
jj
jj
jj w4
jj
jj Hq L
jj x 4
jj
k Hqy L4
15.9586
143.535
11.4877
0.605057
-3.75805
33.9293
-16.5637
54.1474
-38.1563
yz ij 0 yz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz = jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz
{ k0 {
-4.56305
11.4877
71.3758
9.94576
-20.394
51.8737
-5.38271
-6.06732
-3.90042
-1.01017
0.605057
9.94576
3.1038
-1.83506
16.4747
-2.09362
1.52311
10.8251
6.50908
-3.75805
-20.394
-1.83506
58.6298
-22.7682
-4.67401
15.8969
21.1414
-3.71513
33.9293
51.8737
16.4747
-22.7682
131.748
-12.7596
10.1562
14.0754
-2.39196
-16.5637
-5.38271
-2.09362
-4.67401
-12.7596
4.48559
-15.8404
-6.98119
14.3172
54.1474
-6.06732
1.52311
15.8969
10.1562
-15.8404
107.855
14.1885
-3.84389 y
zz
-38.1563 zzzz
z
-3.90042 zzzz
zz
10.8251 zzz
zz
21.1414 zzzz
z
14.0754 zzzz
zz
-6.98119 zzzz
z
14.1885 zzzz
z
119.726 {
17
ij 4.00641
jj
jj 21.0623
jj
jj -20.3755
jj
jj
jj 0.606685
jj
jj
jjj 6.85287
jj
jj 9.37118
jj
jj
jj -4.6131
jj
jj 8.98962
jj
j
k -32.2192
w
jij 1
jj Hq L
jj x 1
jj
jj Hqy L
1
jjj
jj w
jj 2
jj
jj Hqx L2
jj
jj
jjj Hqy L2
jj
jj w5
jj
jj
jj Hqx L5
jj
j
k Hqy L5
-20.3755
-104.396
122.253
-1.4881
-30.3724
-47.9243
21.8636
-40.1404
158.272
0.606685
9.38645
-1.4881
5.20833
17.6129
23.7943
-5.81502
19.5208
12.0803
6.85287
58.3028
-30.3724
17.6129
100.
93.5897
-24.4658
37.4237
-4.54823
9.37118
102.564
-47.9243
23.7943
93.5897
171.123
-33.1654
69.1697
-45.2991
-4.6131
-30.4487
21.8636
-5.81502
-24.4658
-33.1654
10.4281
-28.5104
20.1389
8.98962
14.9573
-40.1404
19.5208
37.4237
69.1697
-28.5104
175.702
19.2613
zyz ijj 0 yzz

zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz = jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz
{ k0 {
ij 4.32791
jj
jj 17.9123
jj
jj 12.846
jj
jj
jj -1.7135
jj
jj
jj 5.51853
jj
jj 3.84389
jj
j
jjj -2.61441
jj
jj
jjj 18.0465
j
k 4.22546
w
jji 2
jj Hq L
jj x 2
jj
jj Hqy L
jj
2
jj
jj w3
jj
jj
jj Hqx L3
jj
jj Hqy L
jj
3
jj
jj w5
jj
jj
jjj Hqx L5
jj
k Hqy L5
21.0623
170.33
-104.396
9.38645
58.3028
102.564
-30.4487
14.9573
-175.824
17.9123
102.513
56.2169
-10.1326
7.2073
6.95292
-7.77964
74.108
-0.932709
yz ji 0 zy
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz = jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz
{ k0 {
12.846
56.2169
100.733
2.92532
-32.8144
23.4025
-15.7713
67.6638
2.035
-1.7135
-10.1326
2.92532
6.39471
-15.0223
16.3083
-4.68121
-14.132
18.2161
5.51853
7.2073
-32.8144
-15.0223
109.692
-33.1818
9.50374
-12.6622
-10.0337
3.84389
6.95292
23.4025
16.3083
-33.1818
91.8012
-20.1522
-8.25306
46.0137
-2.61441
-7.77964
-15.7713
-4.68121
9.50374
-20.1522
7.29562
-3.91455
-22.4416
18.0465
74.108
67.6638
-14.132
-12.6622
-8.25306
-3.91455
139.454
-28.0943
-32.2192 y
zz
-175.824 zzzz
z
158.272 zzzz
zz
12.0803 zzz
zz
-4.54823 zzzz
z
-45.2991 zzzz
zz
20.1389 zzzz
z
19.2613 zzzz
z
370.299 {
4.22546 y
zz
-0.932709 zzzz
zz
zz
2.035
zz
z
18.2161 zzz
zz
-10.0337 zzzz
z
46.0137 zzzz
zz
-22.4416 zzz
zz
-28.0943 zzzz
z
131.484 {
18
ij 32.0513
jj
jj -90.5067
jj
jj 68.8339
jj
jj
jj 11.4469
jj
jj
jjj -12.8205
jj
jj -109.432
jj
jj
jj -43.4982
jj
jj -70.6654
jj
j
k 159.646
w
jij 3
jj Hq L
jj x 3
jj
jj Hqy L
3
jjj
jj w
jj 4
jj
jj Hqx L4
jj
jj
jjj Hqy L4
jj
jj w5
jj
jj
jj Hqx L5
jj
j
k Hqy L5
-90.5067
449.939
-22.2833
-70.8181
116.911
675.824
161.325
78.4493
-527.778
68.8339
-22.2833
334.554
-16.3309
60.7448
142.552
-52.5031
-248.474
269.536
11.4469
-70.8181
-16.3309
25.1832
-41.6667
-195.971
-36.63
-34.0354
1.67888
-12.8205
116.911
60.7448
-41.6667
87.9121
332.418
54.4872
13.1258
4.2735
zyz ijj 0 yzz

zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz = jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz
{ k0 {

Node
1
1
1
dof
w1
Hqx L1
Hqy L1
Value
0.
0.
2
2
2
w2
Hqx L2
Hqy L2
0.04
0.002
-0.004
3
3
3
w3
Hqx L3
Hqy L3
0.0784
0.0044
-0.0052
4
4
w4
Hqx L4
Hqy L4
0.0144
0.0024
-0.0012
0.

70.4409
-147.153 y ji w5
ij 100.956
zz j
jj
jj 70.4409
701.014
-153.396 zzzz jjjj Hqx L5
jj
z jj
k -147.153 -153.396 1902.76 { k Hqy L5
zyz ijj 3.6564 yzz

zz = jj 4.61443 zz
zz jj
zz
zz j
z
{ k -10.9478 {
8w5 = 0.0294624, Hqx L5 = 0.00291296, Hqy L5 = -0.00324026<

Solution at x = 4. and y = 6.66667
w = 0.00829468
-109.432
675.824
142.552
-195.971
332.418
1615.38
305.403
213.37
-281.746
-43.4982
161.325
-52.5031
-36.63
54.4872
305.403
80.1282
104.701
-161.325
-70.6654
78.4493
-248.474
-34.0354
13.1258
213.37
104.701
327.228
-121.795
159.646 y
zz
-527.778 zzzz
z
269.536 zzzz
zz
1.67888 zzz
zz
4.2735 zzzz
z
-281.746 zzzz
zz
-161.325 zzzz
z
-121.795 zzzz
z
1269.23 {
19
Moments = 8-0.023916, -0.0251, -0.0066512<
Shears = 8-0.000865137, -0.0000284276<
Maximum transverse shear stresses = 8-0.0129771, -0.000426415<

Solution at x = 10.6667 and y = 2.66667
w = 0.0145263
Moments = 8-0.0238678, -0.0228663, -0.0065597<

Shears = 8-0.0000449075, -0.00249006<
Maximum transverse shear stresses = 8-0.000673612, -0.0373509<

w = 0.0457677
Moments = 8-0.0216524, -0.0235873, -0.00588852<

Shears = 80.00157921, -0.000235729<

w = 0.0338471
Moments = 8-0.0223549, -0.0180782, -0.00608196<

Shears = 8-0.000242628, 0.00850992<
Maximum transverse shear stresses = 8-0.00363942, 0.127649<
Solution summary
Nodal solution
1
2
3
4
5
x-coord
0.
20.
20.
0.
12.
Element solution
y-coord
0.
0.
12.
12.
8.
w
0.
0.04
0.0784
0.0144
0.0294624
qx
0.
0.002
0.0044
0.0024
0.00291296
qy
0.
-0.004
-0.0052
-0.0012
-0.00324026
20
Coord
Disp
4.
6.66667
0.00829468
10.6667
2.66667
0.0145263
17.3333
6.66667
0.0457677
10.6667
10.6667
0.0338471

-14.3496
-15.06
-3.99072
-14.3207
-13.7198
-3.93582
-12.9915
-14.1524
-3.53311
-13.4129
-10.8469
-3.64918

-0.0129771
-0.000426415
-0.000673612
-0.0373509
0.0236881
-0.00353593
-0.00363942
0.127649
Support reactions
Node
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
4
4
4
dof
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
Reaction
0.000926953
-0.367835
0.0639522
-0.0158596
-0.179413
-0.261947
0.0291664
0.260854
0.116772
-0.0142338
0.107202
0.347361
Sum of applied loads H 0 0 0 L
Sum of support reactions H 0 -0.179191 0.266137 L
The expected stresses are a constant stress state with the following values.
sx = -14.2857; s y = -14.2857; txy = -3.84615
Thus the element does not pass this patch test.
Example 6.4 Square plate subjected to distributed load (p. 321)

Consider solution of a square plate subjected to a uniformly distributed load. Two opposite sides of the plate are clamped
and the other two are simply supported. Use the following numerical data.
1 1 plate h = 0.1 E = 10920 n = 0.3 q = 1
Taking advantage of symmetry we model a 1/4 of the plate using only one element as shown in Figure. The element side 1-4
is clamped, side 1-2 is simply supported, and the other two sides have symmetry boundary condition. Thus the following
essential boundary conditions are imposed.
Side1 - 4 : w = 0 qx = 0 q y = 0
21
Side1 - 2 : w = 0 q y = 0
Side 2 - 3 : q y = 0
Side 3 - 4 : qx = 0
0.5
y 4
2
x
0.5
Figure 6.6. One element model of 1/4 of a clamped/simply supported plate
Global equations at start of the element assembly process

ij 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jjj 0
jj
jjj 0
jj
k0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
D = 1.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 y ji w1
zz jj
0 zzzz jjjj Hqx L1
zj
0 zzzz jjjj Hqy L1
zz jj
0 zzz jjj w2
zz jj
0 zzzz jjjj Hqx L2
zj
0 zzzz jjjj Hqy L2
zz jj
0 zzz jjj w3
zz jj
0 zzzz jjjj Hqx L3
zz j
0 zzz jjjj Hqy L3
zz jj
0 zzzz jjj w4
z jj
0 zzzz jjjj Hqx L4
zz j
0 { jk Hqy L4
1
0.3 0 y
zz
jij
j
j
0.3
1
0 zzzz
C = jj
z
j
0
0.35 {
k0
G = 4200.
Gauss quadrature points and weights for bending stiffness
1
2
3
4
Point
s -0.57735
t -0.57735
s -0.57735
t 0.57735
s 0.57735
t -0.57735
s 0.57735
t 0.57735
zyz ijj 0 yzz

zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz = jj zz
zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz jj zz
zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz jj zz
zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz jj zz
zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz jj zz
zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz jj zz
zz j 0 z
{ k {
Weight
1.
1.
1.
1.
Gauss quadrature points and weights for shear stiffness
22
Point
s 0.
t 0.
Weight
4.
ij 175.
jj
jj 21.875
jj
jj -21.875
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 21.875
jj
jj -21.875
k = jjjj
jj -175.
jj
jj 21.875
jj
jj
jj -21.875
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 21.875
jj
jj
k -21.875
21.875
5.91875
-0.1625
21.875
5.51875
-0.0125
-21.875
5.24375
0.1625
-21.875
5.19375
0.0125
-21.875
-0.1625
5.91875
21.875
0.0125
5.19375
21.875
0.1625
5.24375
-21.875
-0.0125
5.51875
0
21.875
21.875
175.
21.875
21.875
0
21.875
21.875
-175.
21.875
21.875
21.875
5.51875
0.0125
21.875
5.91875
0.1625
-21.875
5.19375
-0.0125
-21.875
5.24375
-0.1625
-21.875
-0.0125
5.19375
21.875
0.1625
5.91875
21.875
0.0125
5.51875
-21.875
-0.1625
5.24375
-175.
-21.875
21.875
0
-21.875
21.875
175.
-21.875
21.875
0
-21.875
21.875
rT = H 0.0625 0 0 0.0625 0 0 0.0625 0 0 0.0625 0 0 L
21.875
5.24375
0.1625
21.875
5.19375
0.0125
-21.875
5.91875
-0.1625
-21.875
5.51875
-0.0125
-21.875
0.1625
5.24375
21.875
-0.0125
5.51875
21.875
-0.1625
5.91875
-21.875
0.0125
5.19375
0
-21.875
-21.875
-175.
-21.875
-21.875
0
-21.875
-21.875
175.
-21.875
-21.875
21.875
5.19375
-0.0125
21.875
5.24375
-0.1625
-21.875
5.51875
0.0125
-21.875
5.91875
0.1625
Complete element equations for element 1

ij 175.
jj
jj 21.875
jj
jj -21.875
jj
jj
jj 0.
jj
jj
jj 21.875
jj
jj -21.875
jj
jj
jj -175.
jj
jj
jj 21.875
jj
jj
jj -21.875
jj
jj 0.
jj
jj
jjj 21.875
jj
k -21.875
21.875
5.91875
-0.1625
21.875
5.51875
-0.0125
-21.875
5.24375
0.1625
-21.875
5.19375
0.0125
-21.875
-0.1625
5.91875
21.875
0.0125
5.19375
21.875
0.1625
5.24375
-21.875
-0.0125
5.51875
0.
21.875
21.875
175.
21.875
21.875
0.
21.875
21.875
-175.
21.875
21.875
21.875
5.51875
0.0125
21.875
5.91875
0.1625
-21.875
5.19375
-0.0125
-21.875
5.24375
-0.1625
-21.875
-0.0125
5.19375
21.875
0.1625
5.91875
21.875
0.0125
5.51875
-21.875
-0.1625
5.24375
-175.
-21.875
21.875
0.
-21.875
21.875
175.
-21.875
21.875
0.
-21.875
21.875
21.875
5.24375
0.1625
21.875
5.19375
0.0125
-21.875
5.91875
-0.1625
-21.875
5.51875
-0.0125
-21.875
0.1625
5.24375
21.875
-0.0125
5.51875
21.875
-0.1625
5.91875
-21.875
0.0125
5.19375
0.
-21.875
-21.875
-175.
-21.875
-21.875
0.
-21.875
-21.875
175.
-21.875
-21.875
21.875
5.19375
-0.0125
21.875
5.24375
-0.1625
-21.875
5.51875
0.0125
-21.875
5.91875
0.1625
-2
0.0
5.5
21
-0
5.2
21
-0
5.1
-2
0.1
5.9
-175.
-21.875
21.875
0
-21.875
21.875
175.
-21.875
21.875
0
-21.875
21.875
21.875
5.24375
0.1625
21.875
5.19375
0.0125
-21.875
5.91875
-0.1625
-21.875
5.51875
-0.0125
-21.875
0.1625
5.24375
21.875
-0.0125
5.51875
21.875
-0.1625
5.91875
-21.875
0.0125
5.19375
0
-21.875
-21.875
-175.
-21.875
-21.875
0
-21.875
-21.875
175.
-21.875
-21.875
21.875
5.19375
-0.0125
21.875
5.24375
-0.1625
-21.875
5.51875
0.0125
-21.875
5.91875
0.1625
-2
0.0
5.5
21
-0
5.2
21
-0
5.1
-2
0.1
5.9
The element contributes to 81, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12< global degrees of freedom.
ij 175.
jj
jj 21.875
jj
jj -21.875
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 21.875
jj
jj -21.875
jj
jj
jj -175.
jj
jj
jj 21.875
jj
jj
jjj -21.875
jj
jjj 0
jj
jjj 21.875
j
k -21.875
21.875
5.91875
-0.1625
21.875
5.51875
-0.0125
-21.875
5.24375
0.1625
-21.875
5.19375
0.0125
-21.875
-0.1625
5.91875
21.875
0.0125
5.19375
21.875
0.1625
5.24375
-21.875
-0.0125
5.51875
0
21.875
21.875
175.
21.875
21.875
0
21.875
21.875
-175.
21.875
21.875
21.875
5.51875
0.0125
21.875
5.91875
0.1625
-21.875
5.19375
-0.0125
-21.875
5.24375
-0.1625
-21.875
-0.0125
5.19375
21.875
0.1625
5.91875
21.875
0.0125
5.51875
-21.875
-0.1625
5.24375
23

Node
1
2
dof
w1
Hqx L1
Hqy L1
Value
w2
Hqy L2
0
0
0
0
0
Hqx L3
Hqy L3
2
3
3
0
0
w4
Hqx L4
Hqy L4
0
0
0
Remove 81, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12< rows and columns.

yz
ij 5.91875 -21.875 yz ij Hqx L2 yz ij 0
zj
z
z=j
j
{ k w3 { k 0.0625 {
k -21.875 175.
8Hqx L2 = 0.00245339, w3 = 0.000663816<
Complete table of nodal values

1
2
3
4
w
0
0
0.000663816
0
qx
0
0.00245339
0
0
qy
0
0
0
0
Computation of reactions
Equation numbers of dof with specified values: 81, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12<
Extracting equations 81, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12< from the global system we have
ij 175.
jj
jj 21.875
jj
jj -21.875
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj -21.875
jj
jj 21.875
jj
jj
jj -21.875
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 21.875
jj
j
k -21.875
21.875
5.91875
-0.1625
21.875
-0.0125
5.24375
0.1625
-21.875
5.19375
0.0125
-21.875
-0.1625
5.91875
21.875
5.19375
0.1625
5.24375
-21.875
-0.0125
5.51875
0
21.875
21.875
175.
21.875
21.875
21.875
-175.
21.875
21.875
21.875
5.51875
0.0125
21.875
0.1625
5.19375
-0.0125
-21.875
5.24375
-0.1625
Substituting the nodal values and re-arranging
-21.875
-0.0125
5.19375
21.875
5.91875
0.0125
5.51875
-21.875
-0.1625
5.24375
-175.
-21.875
21.875
0
21.875
-21.875
21.875
0
-21.875
21.875
21.875
5.24375
0.1625
21.875
0.0125
5.91875
-0.1625
-21.875
5.51875
-0.0125
-21.875
0.1625
5.24375
21.875
5.51875
-0.1625
5.91875
-21.875
0.0125
5.19375
0
-21.875
-21.875
-175.
-21.875
-21.875
-21.875
175.
-21.875
-21.875
21.875
5.19375
-0.0125
21.875
-0.1625
5.51875
0.0125
-21.875
5.91875
0.1625
-2
0.0
5.5
21
5.2
-0
5.1
-2
0.1
5.9
24
R
175.
jij 1 zyz jij
jj R zz jj 21.875
jj 2 zz jj
jj
z j
jj R3 zzz jjj -21.875
jj
zz jj
jj
zz jj
jjj R4 zzz jjj 0
jj
zz jj
jjj R5 zzz jjj -21.875
jj
zz = jj
jjj R6 zzz jjj 21.875
jj
z j
jj R7 zzz jjj -21.875
jj
zz jj
jj
zz jj
jjj R8 zzz jjj 0
jj
z j
jj
zz jj
j
z j
k R10 { k -21.875
-21.875
-0.1625
5.91875
21.875
5.19375
0.1625
5.24375
-21.875
-0.0125
5.51875
21.875
5.91875
-0.1625
21.875
-0.0125
5.24375
0.1625
-21.875
5.19375
0.0125
0
21.875
21.875
175.
21.875
21.875
21.875
-175.
21.875
21.875
21.875
5.51875
0.0125
21.875
0.1625
5.19375
-0.0125
-21.875
5.24375
-0.1625
-21.875
-0.0125
5.19375
21.875
5.91875
0.0125
5.51875
-21.875
-0.1625
5.24375
-175.
-21.875
21.875
0
21.875
-21.875
21.875
0
-21.875
21.875
Carrying out computations, the reactions are as follows.

Label
R1
R2
R3
dof
w1
Hqx L1
Hqy L1
Reaction
-0.125
-0.000981354
0.0145516
R4
R5
w2
Hqy L2
-0.00883219
0.0149197
R6
R7
Hqx L3
Hqy L3
R8
R9
R10
w4
Hqx L4
Hqy L4
-0.0017787
0.0144903
-0.116168
-0.00165604
0.0141223
Sum of Reactions
dof: w
dof: qx
dof: qy
-0.25
-0.00441609
0.0580839
Nodal solution = H 0 0 0 0 0.00245339 0 0.000663816 0 0 0 0 0 L
1
Solution at 8s, t< = 8-1, 1< 8x, y< = :0, >
2
Interpolation functions = 80, 0, 0, 1<
w = 0.
bx = 0.
Moments = 80., 0., 0.<
by = 0.
Maximum in-plane stresses = 80., 0., 0.<

Shears = 80.464671, 0.<
Maximum transverse shear stresses = 86.97007, 0.<
Solution summary
Nodal solution
21.875
5.24375
0.1625
21.875
0.0125
5.91875
-0.1625
-21.875
5.51875
-0.0125
-21.875
0.1625
5.24375
21.875
5.51875
-0.1625
5.91875
-21.875
0.0125
5.19375
0
-21.875
-21.875
-175.
-21.875
-21.875
-21.875
175.
-21.875
-21.875
21.8
5.19
-0.0
21.8
-0.1
5.51
0.01
-21
5.91
0.16
25
x-coord
0
y-coord
0
w
0
qx
0
qy
0
12
0.00245339
12
0.000663816
12
12
Element solution
Coord
0
12
Disp
0.
0.
0.

0.
0.
0.

6.97007
0.
M
0.
0.
0.
V
0.464671
0.
Support reactions
Node
1
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
4
dof
1
2
3
1
3
2
3
1
2
3
Reaction
-0.125
-0.000981354
0.0145516
-0.00883219
0.0149197
-0.0017787
0.0144903
-0.116168
-0.00165604
0.0141223
Solution comparison
Maximum displacement at the center = Exact: 0.00214 , One element FEA = 0.00066
This solution is clearly not very good. However using 4 elements we get the maximum displacement as 0.00207624 which is
very close to the exact solution.
26
y
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0
D = 1.
0.1
0.2
G = 4200.
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.3 0 y
ij 1
zz
jj
0 zzzz
C = jjj 0.3 1
z
j
0
0.35 {
k0

175.
jij
jj 10.9375
jj
jj
jj -10.9375
jj
jj
jj 0.
jj
jj 10.9375
jj
jj
jj -10.9375
jj
jj
jjj -175.
jj
jjj 10.9375
jj
jj -10.9375
jj
jj
jj 0.
jj
jj 10.9375
jj
j
k -10.9375
D = 1.
10.9375
1.81719
-0.1625
10.9375
1.41719
-0.0125
-10.9375
1.14219
0.1625
-10.9375
1.09219
0.0125
G = 4200.
-10.9375
-0.1625
1.81719
10.9375
0.0125
1.09219
10.9375
0.1625
1.14219
-10.9375
-0.0125
1.41719
0.
10.9375
10.9375
175.
10.9375
10.9375
0.
10.9375
10.9375
-175.
10.9375
10.9375
10.9375
1.41719
0.0125
10.9375
1.81719
0.1625
-10.9375
1.09219
-0.0125
-10.9375
1.14219
-0.1625
0.3 0 y
ij 1
zz
j
0 zzzz
C = jjjj 0.3 1
z
j
0
0.35 {
k0
-10.9375
-0.0125
1.09219
10.9375
0.1625
1.81719
10.9375
0.0125
1.41719
-10.9375
-0.1625
1.14219
-175.
-10.9375
10.9375
0.
-10.9375
10.9375
175.
-10.9375
10.9375
0.
-10.9375
10.9375
10.9375
1.14219
0.1625
10.9375
1.09219
0.0125
-10.9375
1.81719
-0.1625
-10.9375
1.41719
-0.0125
-10.9375
0.1625
1.14219
10.9375
-0.0125
1.41719
10.9375
-0.1625
1.81719
-10.9375
0.0125
1.09219
0.
-10.9375
-10.9375
-175.
-10.9375
-10.9375
0.
-10.9375
-10.9375
175.
-10.9375
-10.9375
10
1.0
-0
10
1.1
-0
-1
1.4
0.0
-1
1.8
0.1
27
175.
jij
jj 10.9375
jj
jj
jj -10.9375
jj
jj
jj 0.
jj
jj 10.9375
jj
jj
jj -10.9375
jj
jj
jjj -175.
jj
jjj 10.9375
jj
jj -10.9375
jj
jj
jj 0.
jj
jj 10.9375
jj
jj
k -10.9375
D = 1.
10.9375
1.81719
-0.1625
10.9375
1.41719
-0.0125
-10.9375
1.14219
0.1625
-10.9375
1.09219
0.0125
G = 4200.
-10.9375
-0.1625
1.81719
10.9375
0.0125
1.09219
10.9375
0.1625
1.14219
-10.9375
-0.0125
1.41719
0.
10.9375
10.9375
175.
10.9375
10.9375
0.
10.9375
10.9375
-175.
10.9375
10.9375
10.9375
1.41719
0.0125
10.9375
1.81719
0.1625
-10.9375
1.09219
-0.0125
-10.9375
1.14219
-0.1625
-10.9375
-0.0125
1.09219
10.9375
0.1625
1.81719
10.9375
0.0125
1.41719
-10.9375
-0.1625
1.14219
-175.
-10.9375
10.9375
0.
-10.9375
10.9375
175.
-10.9375
10.9375
0.
-10.9375
10.9375
10.9375
1.14219
0.1625
10.9375
1.09219
0.0125
-10.9375
1.81719
-0.1625
-10.9375
1.41719
-0.0125
-10.9375
0.1625
1.14219
10.9375
-0.0125
1.41719
10.9375
-0.1625
1.81719
-10.9375
0.0125
1.09219
0.
-10.9375
-10.9375
-175.
-10.9375
-10.9375
0.
-10.9375
-10.9375
175.
-10.9375
-10.9375
10
1.0
-0
10
1.1
-0
-1
1.4
0.0
-1
1.8
0.1
10.9375
1.41719
0.0125
10.9375
1.81719
0.1625
-10.9375
1.09219
-0.0125
-10.9375
1.14219
-0.1625
-10.9375
-0.0125
1.09219
10.9375
0.1625
1.81719
10.9375
0.0125
1.41719
-10.9375
-0.1625
1.14219
-175.
-10.9375
10.9375
0.
-10.9375
10.9375
175.
-10.9375
10.9375
0.
-10.9375
10.9375
10.9375
1.14219
0.1625
10.9375
1.09219
0.0125
-10.9375
1.81719
-0.1625
-10.9375
1.41719
-0.0125
-10.9375
0.1625
1.14219
10.9375
-0.0125
1.41719
10.9375
-0.1625
1.81719
-10.9375
0.0125
1.09219
0.
-10.9375
-10.9375
-175.
-10.9375
-10.9375
0.
-10.9375
-10.9375
175.
-10.9375
-10.9375
10
1.0
-0
10
1.1
-0
-1
1.4
0.0
-1
1.8
0.1
10.9375
1.41719
0.0125
10.9375
1.81719
0.1625
-10.9375
1.09219
-0.0125
-10.9375
1.14219
-0.1625
-10.9375
-0.0125
1.09219
10.9375
0.1625
1.81719
10.9375
0.0125
1.41719
-10.9375
-0.1625
1.14219
-175.
-10.9375
10.9375
0.
-10.9375
10.9375
175.
-10.9375
10.9375
0.
-10.9375
10.9375
10.9375
1.14219
0.1625
10.9375
1.09219
0.0125
-10.9375
1.81719
-0.1625
-10.9375
1.41719
-0.0125
-10.9375
0.1625
1.14219
10.9375
-0.0125
1.41719
10.9375
-0.1625
1.81719
-10.9375
0.0125
1.09219
0.
-10.9375
-10.9375
-175.
-10.9375
-10.9375
0.
-10.9375
-10.9375
175.
-10.9375
-10.9375
10
1.0
-0
10
1.1
-0
-1
1.4
0.0
-1
1.8
0.1
0.3 0 y
ij 1
zz
j
0 zzzz
C = jjjj 0.3 1
z
j
0
0.35 {
k0

ij 175.
jj
jj 10.9375
jj
jj -10.9375
jj
jj
jj 0.
jj
jj
jj 10.9375
jj
jj -10.9375
jj
jj
jj -175.
jj
jj
jj 10.9375
jj
jj
jjj -10.9375
jj
jjj 0.
jj
jjj 10.9375
j
k -10.9375
D = 1.
10.9375
1.81719
-0.1625
10.9375
1.41719
-0.0125
-10.9375
1.14219
0.1625
-10.9375
1.09219
0.0125
G = 4200.
-10.9375
-0.1625
1.81719
10.9375
0.0125
1.09219
10.9375
0.1625
1.14219
-10.9375
-0.0125
1.41719
0.
10.9375
10.9375
175.
10.9375
10.9375
0.
10.9375
10.9375
-175.
10.9375
10.9375
1
0.3 0 y
zz
jij
j
j
0.3
1
0 zzzz
C = jj
z
j
0
0.35 {
k0

ij 175.
jj
jj 10.9375
jj
jj -10.9375
jj
jj
jj 0.
jj
jj
jjj 10.9375
jj
jj -10.9375
jj
jj
jj -175.
jj
jj 10.9375
jj
jj
jj -10.9375
jj
jj
jj 0.
jj
jj 10.9375
jj
jj
k -10.9375
10.9375
1.81719
-0.1625
10.9375
1.41719
-0.0125
-10.9375
1.14219
0.1625
-10.9375
1.09219
0.0125
-10.9375
-0.1625
1.81719
10.9375
0.0125
1.09219
10.9375
0.1625
1.14219
-10.9375
-0.0125
1.41719
0.
10.9375
10.9375
175.
10.9375
10.9375
0.
10.9375
10.9375
-175.
10.9375
10.9375
28
Node
1
dof
w1
Hqx L1
Hqy L1
Value
0
0
0
w2
Hqx L2
Hqy L2
0
0
0
Hqx L3
w3
Hqx L3
Hqy L3
3
3
4
4
6
7
7
7
8
9
9
0
0
0
0
w4
Hqy L4
Hqy L7
Hqx L9
Hqy L9
0
0
Hqx L6
w7
Hqy L7
0
0
0
Hqy L8

ij 3.63438
jj
jj -21.875
jj
jj 2.18438
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 1.41719
jj
jj
jj -10.9375
jj
jj
jj 1.14219
jj
k0
ij Hqx L4
jj
jj w5
jj
jj Hq L
jj x 5
jj
jj Hqy L
5
jjj
jj
jjj w6
jj
jjj Hqy L6
jj
jj Hqx L7
jj
jj
jj w8
jj
jj Hq L
jj x 8
jj
k w9
-21.875
700.
0
0
0
0
-10.9375
0
0
-175.
2.18438
0
7.26875
0
-21.875
0
1.14219
0
2.83438
-10.9375
0
0
0
7.26875
0
2.83438
-0.1625
21.875
0
10.9375
0
0
-21.875
0
350.
0
0
-175.
-10.9375
0
0
0
0
2.83438
0
3.63438
0
10.9375
-0.1625
10.9375
1.41719
-10.9375
1.14219
-0.1625
0
0
1.81719
-10.9375
1.09219
0
-10.9375
0
0
21.875
-175.
10.9375
-10.9375
350.
0
0
1.14219
0
2.83438
0
-10.9375
-0.1625
1.09219
0
3.63438
-10.9375
yz ij 0
yz
zz jj
zz jj 0.0625 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj 0
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj 0
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj 0.03125 zzzz
zz = jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz
zzz jjj 0
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj 0
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj
zz jj 0.03125 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj 0
zz
zz jj
zz
zz j
z
0.015625
k
{
{
8Hqx L4 = 0.00422635, w5 = 0.000836695, Hqx L5 = 0.00271393, Hqy L5 = -0.00483673, w6 = 0.00113335,

Hqy L6 = -0.00679459, Hqx L7 = 0.00616164, w8 = 0.00149521, Hqx L8 = 0.0040589, w9 = 0.00207624<
Solution summary
0
yz
zz
zz
-175.
zz
-10.9375 zzzz
zz
10.9375 zzz
zz
zz
0
zz
z
10.9375 zzzz
zz
zzz
0
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
-10.9375 zzz
zz
175.
{
29
Nodal solution
1
x-coord
0
y-coord
0
w
0
qx
0
qy
0
14
12
14
14
14
12
12
12
0.00422635
14
12
0.000836695
0.00271393
-0.00483673
0.00113335
-0.00679459
0.00616164
14
12
0.00149521
0.0040589
0.00207624
5
6
7
8
9
Element solution
Coord
1
0
14
0
12
14
14
14
12
Disp
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.000836695
0.00483673
0.00271393
0.00113335
0.00679459
0.

-11.6082
-3.48245
-2.2797
-16.307
-4.89211
0.
12.6971
7.11226
-5.19264
18.2611
11.4055
-1.6446
Support reactions
Node
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
4
6
7
7
7
8
9
9
dof
1
2
3
1
2
3
2
1
2
3
1
3
2
1
3
3
3
2
3
Reaction
-0.0332356
-0.000847975
0.00412074
-0.0956933
-0.000980609
0.011686
0.000556141
-0.0645126
0.000556141
0.00816097
-0.0293067
0.00338139
-0.00228013
-0.0272519
0.00223626
0.00223626
0.00700176
-0.00276782
0.00496023

17.5706
0.
23.8004
0.
-11.5639
3.32247
-15.871
6.22984
M
-0.0193469
-0.00580408
-0.0037995
-0.0271784
-0.00815351
0.
0.0211618
0.0118538
-0.00865439
0.0304351
0.0190092
-0.00274101
30

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Examples From FEM

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1

Plates and Shells

Example 6.3 Square plate subjected to distributed load (p. 302)

Figure 6.12. Four triangular plate element model

Global equations at start of the element assembly process

Equations for element 1

Mapping to the master element

Gauss quadrature points and weights

rT = H 0.0208333 0.00208333 -0.000520833 0.0208333 -0.000260417 0.00130208 0.0208333 -0.00182292

Adding element equations into appropriate locations we have

Equations for element 2

Mapping to the master element

Gauss quadrature points and weights

rT = H 0.0208333 0.00078125 -0.00182292 0.0208333 0.000520833 0.00208333 0.0208333 -0.00130208 -0

Adding element equations into appropriate locations we have

Equations for element 3

Mapping to the master element

Gauss quadrature points and weights

rT = H 0.0208333 0.00182292 0.00078125 0.0208333 -0.00208333 0.000520833 0.0208333 0.000260417 -0

Adding element equations into appropriate locations we have

Equations for element 4

Mapping to the master element

Gauss quadrature points and weights

rT = H 0.0208333 -0.00078125 0.00182292 0.0208333 -0.000520833 -0.00208333 0.0208333 0.00130208

Adding element equations into appropriate locations we have

Essential boundary conditions

Remove 81, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12< rows and columns.

Solving the final system of global equations we get

8Hqx L2 = 0.00962676, w3 = 0.00208276, w5 = 0.000981715, Hqx L5 = 0.000859818, Hqy L5 = -0.00385027<

Complete table of nodal values

Substituting the nodal values and re-arranging

Carrying out computations, the reactions are as follows.

Solution for element 1

Interpolation functions = 848 x3 + 4 H12 y - 7L x2 + 8 y H2 y - 1L x + H1 - 2 yL2 H4 y + 1L,

wHx,yL = -0.0514806 x3 + 0.0137571 y x2 + 0.0219947 x2 - 0.0125745 y2 x + 0.00628725 y x

ij sx yz ij 189.857 x - 16.5085 y - 26.3936 yz

Moments = 8-0.0244989, -0.00544254, -0.00160499<

Maximum in-plane stresses = 8-14.6993, -3.26552, -0.962996<

Maximum transverse shear stresses = 85.01049, -0.412713<

Solution for element 2

Interpolation functions = 816 x3 + 4 H4 y - 3L x2 + 8 y H6 y - 1L x + 48 y3 - 28 y2 + 1,

wHx,yL = -0.0300187 y3 - 0.0154097 x y2 + 0.00659359 y2 - 0.00486968 x2 y + 0.0216884 x y

y = jjjj -0.0308193 x - 0.180112 y + 0.0131872

ij sx yz ij 5.54747 x + 38.2638 y - 2.37369 yz

Moments = 80.00366971, 0.00977047, -0.0116797<

Maximum in-plane stresses = 82.20183, 5.86228, -7.0078<

Maximum transverse shear stresses = 80.46229, 2.84777<

Solution for element 3

Interpolation functions = :-4 H12 x3 - H12 y + 11L x2 + 2 H2 y2 + 5 y + 1L x + y H-4 y2 + y - 2LL,

-4 x3 + 4 Hy + 1L x2 - H4 y2 + 2 y + 1L x + y H4 y2 - 2 y + 1L, -H8 x2 - 6 x + 1L Hx - yL,

Nodal dof = H 0 0.00962676 0 0.00208276 0 0 0.000981715 0.000859818 -0.00385027 L

y = jjjj -0.0431518 x + 0.0310974 y - 0.00545195 zzzz

ij Mx yz ij 0.0217701 x + 0.0860874 y - 0.0155206 yz

13.062 x + 51.6524 y - 9.31237 y

Moments = 80.0150721, 0.01877, -0.00556597<

Maximum in-plane stresses = 89.04324, 11.262, -3.33958<

Shears = 80.0519763, 0.0643192<

Maximum transverse shear stresses = 80.779645, 0.964788<

Solution for element 4

Interpolation functions = :-16 x3 - 4 H4 y - 5L x2 - 8 H6 y2 - 7 y + 2L x - H1 - 2 yL2 H12 y - 5L,

Nodal dof = H 0.00208276 0 0 0 0 0 0.000981715 0.000859818 -0.00385027 L

y = jjjj -0.076736 x + 0.119947 y - 0.0257676

ij sx yz ij 133.779 x - 4.94515 y - 33.6762 yz