Time and Work

402
Concept of Arithmetic
Chapter-23
Time and Work

Introduction
In most of the problems based on Time and Work,
either the amount of time taken to finish a given
job or the amount of work done is to be calculated.
Unless otherwise specified, the amount of work
done is generally taken as unity (1). Also if it is
given that a person (P) can finish a job in D days,
then it implies that P alone can do the job in D
days.
on Time and Work, there is a proportional

relation, hence we solve them by Unitary
Method and Ratio and Proportion (Also see
the Chapter 11 and 12).
(v) If to finish a certain piece of work, some
men are employed and they finish the work
in a certain time, then the relation between
work, man and time will be as follows:
(a) Work and Man: Number of persons
employed to do the work is directly
proportional to the amount of work
done. (More t he number of per sons
employed, more the work done).
(b) Time and Work: The number of days
is directly proportional to work done.
(More the number of days for which a
work was done, more shall be the total
amount of work done).
(c) Time and Man: The number of persons
employed is inversely proportional to
the number of days required to finish a
work. (More the number of persons
employed, less will be the time required
to finish the work).
W e hav e alr eady discussed some pr oblems
related to Time and Wor k in Chapter 11 and
Chapter 12. Her e, we will discuss some more
questions related to Time and Work in greater
details to understand deeply.
K
KUNDAN
Important Points to Remember
( i ) Capacity of persons to do a piece of work is

always constant. That is, the person does
the equal work every day.
( i i) In the question based on Time and Work,
generally we find amount of work done in
unit time (1 day, 1 hour etc). Thus, if a
man can do a piece of work in x days (or
hours or any other unit of time), then the
1
work done by him in one day will be
x
of the total work.
( i ii ) If A is twice as good as a workman as B,
then A will take half the time B takes to
finish a piece of work.
( iv) Application of the Concept of Unitary
Method and Variation: Since in problems
Solved Examples
Ex. 1:
Soln:
Amit can do a piece of work in 4 days

and Sumit can do it in 6 days. How
long will they take, if both Amit and
Sumit work together?
We have, time taken by Amit to do the
work = 4 days
Time taken by Sumit to do the work
= 6 days.
1
4
Work done by Amit in 1 day =
Work done by Sumit in 1 day =
1
6
So, work done by Amit and Sumit in 1 day
5
1 1 32
=
4 6 12 12
Hence, Amit and Sumit can do the piece
12
2
days ie 2
days.
5
5
Chhotu and Nitu together plough a field
in 4 days. Nitu alone takes 6 days to
plough the same field. In how many
days can Chhotu alone plough the field?
We have, time taken by Chhotu and Nitu
to plough the field together
= 4 days
of work in
Ex. 2:
Soln:
403
Time and Work

Time taken by Nitu to plough the field
= 6 days.
B and Cs 1 days work =
1
4
C and As 1 days work =
Chhotu and Nitus 1 days work =
Nitus 1 days work =
1
6
Now,
Chhotus 1 days work
= (Chhotus and Nitus 1 days work)
(Nitus 1 days work)
1 1
32
1
=
4 6
12
12
Hence, Chhotu can plough the field in 12
days.
Kami, Kavya and Kirti can together
weave a car pet in 4 days. Kami by
her self can weav e t he sam e si zed
carpet in 12 days and Kirti can do it in
10 days. How long will Kavya take to
do the work by herself?
We have,
time taken by Kami, Kavya and Kirti to
weave the carpet = 4 days.
Time taken by Kami to weave the carpet =
12 days
and, time taken by Kirti to weave the carpet
= 10 days.
Kami, Kavya and Kirtis 1 days work
=
Ex. 3:
1
15
1
20
2 (A + B + C)s 1 days
Adding, we get
wor k
1
1
1
5 4 3 12 1
=
12 15 20
60
60 5
1
1
.
2 5 10
Thus, A, B and C together can finish the
work in 10 days.
Now,
As 1 days work = (A, B and Cs 1 days
work) - (B and Cs 1 days work)
(A + B + C)s 1 days work =
1 32
1
1
=
10 15 30 30
So, A alone can finish the work in 30
days.
Now, Bs 1 days work = (A, B and Cs 1
days work) (A and Cs 1 days work)
K
KUNDAN
Soln:
1
4
Kamis 1 days work =
days work =
1
12
and, Kirtis 1
1
10
Now,
Kavyas 1 days work
= (Kami, Kavya and Kirtis 1 days
wor k) - (Kamis 1 days work) (Kirtis 1 days work)
Ex. 4:
Soln:
1 1
1
15 5 6
4
1
=
=
4 12 10
60
60 15
Hence Kavya can do the whole of the work
in 15 days.
A and B can do a piece of work in 12
days, B and C in 15 days, C and A in
20 days. In how many days will they
finish it together and separately?
We have,
A and B can finish the work in 12 days.
B and C can finish the work in 15 days.
C and A can finish the work in 20 days.
A and Bs 1 days work =
1
12
1 2 1
1
1
=
10 20 20 20
So, B alone can finish the work in 20
days.
Cs 1 days work = (A, B and Cs 1 days
work) - (A and Bs 1 days work)
1 65
1
1
=
10 12 60 60
So, C alone can finish the work in 60
days.
Alternative Method:
Let A, B and C alone can finish the work
in x, y and z days respectively.
Work done by them for 1 day will be
1
1
1
, y and
respectively.
x
z
Now, according to the question

1 1
1

..... (1)
x y 12
1 1
1

y z 15
..... (2)
1 1
1

..... (3)
z x
20
On adding (1), (2) and (3),
We have
1 1 1
1
1
1
2 =
12 15 20
x y z
=
543 1
20
5
404
1 1 1
1
x y z 10
the work in 10 days, find for how many

days B worked?
.... (4)
Now, on subtracting equations (1), (2) and

(3) from the equation (4), we have
Soln:
As 1 days work =
1
20
1
30
(A + B)s 1 days work
1
1
1
1
65
z 10 12 60 60
z = 60
Bs 1 days work =
1
1
1
1
32
x 10 15 30 30
x = 30
1
1
32
5
1
20 30
60
60 12
1
1
10
20
2
Remaining work done by (A + B)
As 10 days work =
1
1
1
1
y 10 20 20
y = 20
A, B and C can finish the work in 30
days, 20 days and 60 days respectively.
And from equation (4), A, B and C together
can finish the work in 10 days.
A can do a piece of work in 25 days
and B can finish it in 20 days. They
work together for 5 days and then A
goes away. In how many days will B
finish the remaining work?
We have,
A can finish the work in 25 days.
B can finish the work in 20 days.
= 1
1 1
2 2
K
KUNDAN
Ex. 5:
Soln:
As 1 days work =
1
25
1
of the work is done by (A + B) in
12
1 day.
Now
Ex. 7:
1
20
So, (A + B)s 1 days work
9
9
(A + B)s 5 days work = 5

100 20
9 11
Remaining work = 1
20 20
The remaining work is done by B.

Now,
the whole work is done by B in 20 days.
Ex. 6:
11
20
1
= 6 days.
2
Hence, B worked for 6 days.
A can do a piece of work in 36 days, B
in 54 days and C in 72 days. All the
three began the work together but A
left 8 days and B 12 days before the
com pl et ion of t he wor k. How m any
days in all did C put in till the entire
work was finished?
12
Bs 1 days work =
1 45
9
1
=
25 20 100 100
1
of the work is done by (A + B) in 1
2
Soln:
As one days work =
1
,
36
Bs one days work =
1
and
54
1
72
Now suppose the work lasts for x days.
Cs one days work =
As (x 8) days work =
x 8
,
36
of t he wor k is done by B in
11
20
days = 11 days.
20
Hence, the remaining work is done by B

in 11 days.
A and B can separately do a piece of
work in 20 and 30 days respectively.
They work together for some days and
then B stops. If A completes the rest of
Bs (x 12) days work =
Cs x days work =
x
72
x 8 x 12
36
54
Where 1 denotes total
Multiplying both sides
Hence,
x 12
and
54
x
1
72
work
by 216, we have
405
Time and Work
Ex. 8:
Soln:
6x 48 + 4x 48 + 3x = 216
or, 13x = 216 + 96
or, 13x = 312
or, x = 24
Hence, C worked for 24 days.
days. B and C together do it in 15 days.
If A is twice as good a workman as C,
find in what time B will alone do it?
According to the question, A and B can
do a piece of work in 12 days.
(A + B)s 1 days work =
Soln:
We have, length of the platform = 600 m
Now, in 2
1
hours, Somari sweeps 600
2
m.
in 1 hour, Somari sweeps
600
600
2
m
m 600 = 240 m
21
5
5
2
2
1
12
1
.... (i)
12
Again B and C can complete the work in
15 days.
2
2
rd of the platform = 600 m

3
3
= 400 m
or, A + B =
1
hours, Imarati sweeps 400 m.
2
In 1 hour, Imarati sweeps
In 1
1
..... (ii)
15
Subtracting (ii) from (i), we have,
K
KUNDAN
B+ C=
A C =
1
1
54
1
12 15
60
60
1
or, A C =
.... (iii)
60
Also according to the question, A is twice
as good a workman as C.
A = 2C
Substituting the value of A in (iii),
2C C =
1
60
1
60
Substituting the value of C in (ii),
or, C =
B+
or, B =
2
m
3
Clearly, Imarati sweeps more length in 1
hour than Somari sweeps in the same
time.
Hence, Imarati sweeps more speedily than
Somari.
Ex. 10: A and B together can do a piece of work
in 12 days which B and C together can
do in 16 days. After A has been working
at it for 5 days and B for 7 days, C
finishes it in 13 days. In how many days
could each do the work by himself?
Soln:
Let the whole work be 1.
= 266
1
1
=
60
15
A and B in 1 day do
1
1
4 1
3
1
15 60
60
60 20
B and C in 1 day do
1
.
20
Hence, B can complete the work in 20
days.
Somar i sweeps 600 m long railway
1
plat for m in 2
hour s. Hi s wi fe
2
or, Bs 1 days work =
Ex. 9:
400
400
2
m
m 400 m
11
3
3
2
2
I mar ati sweeps
2
r d of the sam e
3
1
2
hours. Who sweeps
platform in 1
more speedily?
1
of the work.
12
1
of the work.
16
As 5 days work + Bs 7 days work + Cs
13 days work = 1.
or, As 5 days work + Bs 5 days work +
Bs 2 days work + Cs 2 days work + Cs
11 days work = 1
5
2
+ Cs 11 days work = 1.
12 16
2 11
5
Cs 11 days work = 1
.
12 16 24
Cs 1 days work =
1
24
406
Bs 1 days work =
Now, on subtracting equation (ii) from

equation (i),
1
1
1
16 24 48
1
1
1
As 1 days work =
.
12 48 16
A, B and C can do the work in 16, 48
and 24 days respectively.
Ex. 11: To do a certain piece of work B would
take three times as long as A and C
together and C twice as long as A and
B together. The three m en by t heir
united exertions can complete the work
in 10 days. How long would each take
by himself?
Soln:
According to the question, 3 times Bs daily
work = (A + C)s daily work.
Add Bs daily work to both sides.
4 times Bs daily work
4
1
y 10
y = 4 10 = 40 days
On putting the value of y in equation (ii)
and (iii), we have,
1 1
3

0
x z 40
1 1
3

x z
40
or,
and
.... (iv)
1
1
2
0
x 40 z
2 1
1

.... (v)
z x
40
Now, on adding equations (iv) and (v), we
have
or,
K
KUNDAN
= (A + B + C)s daily work =
1
10
1
.... (1)
40
Also, 2 times Cs daily work = (A + B)s
daily work.
Add Cs daily work to both sides.
3 times Cs daily work = (A + B + C)s
1 2
3
1

z z 40 40
Bs daily work =
daily work =
1
.
10
2 1
1

30 x
40
1
Cs daily work =
.... (2)
30
Now As daily work
1 1
1
1
.... (3)
10 40 30 24
A, B and C can do the work in 24, 40
and 30 days respectively.
Alternative Method:
Let A, B and C separately do the work in
x, y and z days respectively.
=
Hence their 1 days work will be
3
1
z 10
z = 30 days
Now, on putting the value of z in equation
(v), we have
or,
1
1
, y
x
1
respectively.
z
Now, according to the question,
and
1 1
1 83
1
x 15 40 120 24
x = 24 days
Hence A, B and C can do the work in 24,
40 and 30 days respectively.
Ex. 12: A and B can finish a piece of work in
15 days. A and C can take 2 days more
than B and C take to finish the same
piece of work. The three together can
finish the work in 8 days. In how many
days coul d each do t he wor k by
himself?
Soln:
Let A, B and C separately can finish the
work in x, y and z days respectively.
Again, suppose that B and C together can
finish that work in a days.
Hence, A and C together will finish the
work in (a + 2) days.
1 1 1
1

x y z 10
..... (i)
1 1 3

x z y
1 1 3
or, x z y 0
.... (ii)
1 1
1

x y 15
.... (i)
1 1 2

x y z
1 1 2
or, x y z 0
.... (iii)
1 1 1

y z a
.... (ii)
407
Time and Work
Ex. 13: Mohan and Sohan working separately

can dig a trench in 10 days and 12 days
respectively. If they are working for 1
day alternately, Mohan beginning, in
how many days will the trench be dug?
1 1
1

.... (iii) and
x z a 2
1 1 1 1

x y z
8 .... (iv)
On subtracting (i) from (iv), we have
Soln:
1 1 1
7

z 8 15 120
1
10
1
12
(Mohan and Sohan)s 10 days working
Sohans 1 days work =
120
days
7
Now, on putting the value of z in equations
(ii) and (iii), we have,
z =
alternately = 5
1
7
1
y 120 a
1 1
7
or, y a 120
Mohans 1 days work =
1
1
11
5
10
12 12
Remaining work = 1
Now
.... (v)
11
1
12 12
1
of work done by Mohan in 1 day.
10
K
KUNDAN
1
7
1
x 120 a 2
or,
1
1
7
x a 2 120
On putting the value of
1
5
days =
days
12
6
Hence, trench will be dug in
10
.... (vi)
1
x
1
and y
in
equation (i), we have
1
7
1
7
1
a 2 120 a 120 15
or,
1
of the work done by Mohan in 1
12
1
1
1
7
7

a 2 a 15 120 120
2a 2
11
or, a (a 2) 60
or, 120a + 120 = 11a2 + 22a

or, 11a2 98a 120 = 0
or, 11a2 110a + 12a 120 = 0
or, 11a (a 10) + 12 (a 10) = 0
or, (a 10) (11a + 12) = 0
a = 10
Now, on putting the value of a in equation
(v) and (vi), we have,
1
1
7
5
1
y 10 120 120
24
y = 24
1
1
7
3
1
x 12 120 120 40
or, x = 40
Hence, A, B and C separately can finish
120
t he wor k in 40, 24 and
days
7
respectively.
5
5
= 10 days = 10
days.
6
6
Ex. 14: Two women, Gangi and Jamni, working
separately can mow a field in 8 and 12
hours respectively. If they work for an
hour alternately, Gangi beginning at 9
am, when will the mowing be finished?
Soln:
In the first hour Gangi mows
1
of the
8
field.
In the second hour Jamni mows
1
of
12
the field.
5
1 1
or
In the first 2 hours
of
8 12
24
the field is mown.
In 8 hours
5
5
4 or
of the field is
24
6
mown.
5 1
Now 1
of the field remains to be
6 6
mown.
In the 9th hour Gangi mows
field.
1
8
of the
408
1 1
Jamni will finish the mowing of
6 8
1
1
1
1
or
of the field in
of
24
24 12
2
an hour.
1
The total time required is 8 1 or

2
or,
1
hours.
2
Since, the work was started at 9 am, it
9
1
pm.
2
Ex. 15: A is thrice as good a workman as B,
and is therefore able to finish a piece
of work in 60 days less than B. Find
the time in which they can do it working
together.
Soln:
A is thrice as good a workman as B means
that if A does a piece of work in 1 day
then B does it in 3 days. Hence if the
difference be 2 days, then A does the work
in 1 day and B in 3 days. But here the
difference is 60 days. Therefore A does
the work in 30 days and B in 90 days.
Now (A + B)s 1 days work
or, Spinning 1 hour daily, Kanta can spin

1 kg cotton-balls in 6 3 = 18 days
or, Spinning 1 hour daily, Kanta can spin
10 kg cotton-balls in (18 10) = 180 days
or, Spinning 4 hours daily, Kanta can spin
180
days = 45 days
4
Alternative Method:
Here there are three quantities: Hours, Kg
and Days. We have to find the number of
days, hence days should be in the last
column as given below:
10 kg cotton-balls in
would be finished at 6
Following relationship exists:

(i) More hours , l es s number of days
(Inverse)
(ii) More kgs, more number of days (Direct)
Hence,
K
KUNDAN
=
1
1
2
.
30 90 45
45
1
or 22
days.
2
2
Ex. 16: A certain number of men can do a work
in 60 days. If there were 8 men more it
could be finished in 10 days less. How
many men are there?
Soln:
The original number of men together with
8 men more can finish the work in (60
10 =) 50 days.
Now 8 men can do in 50 days what the
original number of men can do in 10 days.
In 50 days, a work is done by 8 men.
In 1 day, a work is done by (8 50)
men.
8 50
In 10 days, a work is done by

10
40 men.
Ex. 17: Spinning 3 hours daily, Kanta can spin
2 kg cotton-balls in 12 days. Spinning
4 hours daily, how many days will she
take to spin 10 kg cotton balls?
Soln:
Spinning 3 hours daily, Kanta can spin 2
kg cotton-balls in 12 days.
Spinning 3 hours daily, Kanta can spin
the required time is
12
= 6 days.
1 kg cotton-balls in
2
4 : 3
:: 12 : x
2:10
or, 4 2 : 3 10 :: 12 : x
(Compounding the ratios)
or, 4 2 x = 3 10 12
( Product of extreme terms = Product of
mean terms)
3 10 12
= 45 days
4 2
[Note: To understand the above process,
please refer to the Chapter 12 (Ratio and
Proportion)].
Ex. 18: If 3 men or 4 women can reap a field in
43 days, how long will 7 men and 5
women take to reap it?
Soln:
3 men or 4 women means 3 mens work =
4 womens work.
x=
3 men reap
1
of the field in 1 day.
43
1 man reaps
1
129
.... (1)
4 women reap
1
43
1
of the field in 1
172
..... (2)
and 5
women
reap
1 women reaps
day.
7
men
5
7
1

129 172 12
7 men and 5 women will reap the whole
field in 12 days.
409
Time and Work

Alaternative Method:
3 men = 4 women
1 man =
4
women
3
4
28
7 men = 7
women.
3
3
28
43
5
7 men + 5 women =
3
3
women.
The question now becomes
If 4 women can reap a field in 43 days,
43
women take to reap it?
3
Here, there are two quantities: Women and
Days.
Inver se r elat ionship exist s bet ween
women and days ie more women, less days.
how long will
or, x2 - 12x - 2x + 24 = 0
or, (x - 12) (x - 2) = 0
or, x = 12 or x = 2
But x cannot be less t han 6. So,
x = 12.
Hence, B alone can finish the work in 12
days.
Ex. 20: If 12 men and 16 boys can do a piece of
work in 5 days and 13 men and 24 boys
can do it in 4 days, compare the daily
work done by a man with that done by
a boy.
Soln:
12 men and 16 boys can do the work in 5
days
.... (1)
days
.... (2)
Now it is easy to see that if the number of
workers be multiplied by any number, the
time must be divided by the same number.
Hence multiplying the number of workers
in (1) and (2) by 5 and 4 respectively, we
get
day.
day.
60 men + 80 boys = 52 men + 96 boys
60 men - 52 men = 96 boys - 80 boys
8 men = 16 boys
1 man = 2 boys.
K
KUNDAN
Hence,
43
: 4 :: 43 : x
3
43
x = 43 4
3
mean terms)
or,
4 43 3
= 12 days.
43
Ex. 19: A takes 6 days less than the time taken
by B to finish a piece of work. If both A
and B together can finish it in 4 days,
find the time taken by B to finish the
work.
Soln:
Suppose B alone takes x days to finish
the work. Then, A alone can finish it in
(x - 6) days.
Now, (As one days work) + (Bs one days
x =
1
1
work) =
x x 6
and, (A + B)s one days work =
or,
or,
1
1
1
x x 6 4
x 6x
1
x ( x 6)
4
2x 6
1
4
x 2 6x
or, 8x - 24 = x2 - 6x
or, x2 - 14x + 24 = 0
1
.
4
a man' s work
2
a boy' s work 1
Ex. 21: If 12 men and 16 boys can do a piece of

work in 5 days and 13 men and 24 boys
can do it in 4 days, how long will 7
men and 10 boys take to do it?
Soln:
We have, as in the above example,
5 (12 men + 16 boys)
= 4 (13 men + 24 boys)
60 men + 80 boys = 52 men + 96 boys.
8 men = 16 boys
1 man = 2 boys.
Now,
12 men + 16 boys = 24 boys + 16 boys
= 40 boys.
7 men + 10 boys = 14 boys + 10 boys
= 24 boys.
The question now becomes
If 40 boys can do a piece of work in 5
days how long will 24 boys take to do it?
40 boys do a piece of work in 5 days.
1 boy does a piece of work in 5 40
days.
24 boys do the piece of work in
days ie 8
1
days.
3
5 40
24
410
Ex. 22: If 5 men and 3 boys can reap 23 hectares

in 4 days and if 3 men and 2 boys can
reap 7 hectares in 2 days, how many
boys must assist 7 men in order that
they may reap 45 hectares in 6 days.
Soln:
5 men + 3 boys can reap 23 hectares in 4
days.
..... (1)
3 men + 2 boys can reap 7 hectares in 2
days.
..... (2)
from (1),
14 (5 men + 3 boys) can reap 23 14
hectares in 4 days
.... (3)
From (2),
23 (3 men + 2 boys) can reap 7 2 23
hectares in 4 days
..... (4)
14 (5 men + 3 boys)
= 23 (3 men + 2 boys),
70 men + 42 boys = 69 men + 46 boys.
1 man = 4 boys.
Now 5 men + 3 boys = 23 boys.
23 boys can reap 23 hectares in 4 days
1 boy can reap 1 hectare in 4 days
4 boys can reap 1 hectare in 1 day
4 45 boys can reap 45 hectares in 1
day
3 1
Hence all men must work till 1

4 4
of the field is reaped.

Now 25 men reap
1
20
of the field in
4
4
5 days.
Hence, 15 men should leave the work after
5 days.
Ex. 24: 8 men and 12 boys can finish a piece of
work in 10 days while 6 men and 8
boys can finish it in 14 days. Find the
time taken by one man alone and that
by one boy alone to finish the work.
Soln:
Suppose that one man alone can finish
the work in x days and one boy alone can
finish it in y days. Then,
1
x
K
KUNDAN
4 45
boys can reap 45 hectares in 6

6
days.
30 boys can reap 45 hectares in 6 days
But 30 boys = 28 boys + 2 boys
= 7 men + 2 boys
Hence 2 boys must assist 7 men.
Ex. 23: 25 men can reap a field in 20 days.
When should 15 men leave the work, if
the whole field is to be reaped in 37
Soln:
1
2
days after they leave the work?

25 men can reap the field in 20 days.
20 25
10 men can reap the field in

10
50 days.
When 15 men leave the work, 10 men
remain.
In 50 days, 10 men can reap the whole
of the field.
1
In 1 day, 10 men can reap
of the
50
whole of the field.
1
In 37
days, 10 men can reap
2
1
37
2 3 of the field.
50
4
One mans one days work =
1
and, one boys one days work = y
8 mens one days work =
8
x
and, 12 boys one days work =
12
y
Since 8 men and 12 boys can finish

the work in 10 days.
8 12
1
10
y
x
or,
80 120
1
x
y
.... (i)
Again, 6 men and 8 boys can finish

6 8
14 1
x y
or,
84 112
1
x
y
Putting
.... (ii)
1
1
= u and y = v in (i) and (ii),
x
we get
80u + 120v 1 = 0
84u + 112v 1 = 0
By cross-multiplication, we have
u
v
120 112 80 84
1
80 112 120 84
411
Time and Work
or,
Height and man: Less height, less men

(Direct)
Days and man: Less days , more men
(Inverse)
Hence,
u
v
1
8 4 1120
or, u =
v=
Now,
8
1
and
1120 140
4
1
1120 280
1
1
1
= u
x = 140
x
x 140
1
1
1
and, y = v y 280 y = 280.
Thus, one man alone can finish the work

in 140 days and one boy alone can finish
Note: Let a 1x + b 1 y + c 1 = 0 and
a 2 x + b 2y + c 2 = 0 be a system of
simultaneous linear equations in two
6 : 9
18 : 32
2 : 3 :: 8 : x
12 : 9
8 :10
or, 6 18 2 12 8 :
9 32 3 9 10 :: 8 : x
or, 6 18 2 12 8 x
= 9 32 3 9 10 8
mean terms)
K
KUNDAN
a1
b1
variables x and y such that a b
2
2
ie
a1b2 a2b1 0 . Then the system has a
unique solution given by
b1c 2 b2c1
c1a 2 c 2a1
x = a b a b and y = a b a b
1 2
2 1
1 2
2 1
The above solution is generally written

as
x
y
z
b1c 2 b2c1 c1a 2 c 2a1 a1b2 a 2b1

x
y
z
or, b c b c a c a c a b a b
1 2
2 1
1 2
2 1
1 2
2 1
For mor e det ails see the chapter

Elementary Algebra.
Ex. 25: If 8 men, working 9 hours per day can
build a wall 18 metres long, 2 metres
wide and 12 metres high in 10 days,
how many men will be required to build
a wall 32 metres long, 3 metres wide
and 9 metres high by working 6 hours
a day in 8 days?
Soln:
Here following are the quantities: Hours,
length, width, height, days and men. We
have to find the number of men. Hence,
men should be in the last column as given
below. Relationships of different quantities
given in the question with man are given
below.
Hours and man: Less hours, more men
(Inverse)
Length and man: More length, more men
(Direct)
Width and man: More width, more men
(Direct)
9 32 3 9 10 8
= 30
6 18 2 12 8
required number of men = 30 men
Ex. 26: A garrison of 3300 men had provisions
for 32 days, when given at the rate of
850 grams per head. At the end of 7
days a reinforcement arrives and it
was found that now the provisions will
last for 17 days more, when given at
the rate of 825 gm per head. What is
the strength of the reinforcement?
Soln:
Let the strength of reinforcement be x.
According to the given condition,
3300 32 850 = 3300 850 7 + (3300
+ x) 825 17
or, (3300 32 850) - (3300 850 7) =
(3300 + x) 825 17
or, 3300 25850 = (3300+x) 82517
or, 3300 50 = (3300 + x) 33
or, 5000 = 3300 + x
or, x = 1700
So, the strength of new reinforcement
= 1700
Ex. 27: A and B together can do a job in 12
hours. Had A done half the job and
then B, the remaining half, the whole
job would have been carried out in 25
hours. How much time would it take
for A and B separately to do the job, if
A is a better worker?
Soln:
Suppose A takes x hours and B takes y
hours to do the job.
x=
1 1
1
Then, x y 12
412
or,
x y
1
xy
12
1
1
x y = 25
2
2
or, x + y = 50
Solve for x and y
12 (x + y) = xy
or, 500 = xy
........ (1)
And
....... (2)
600
50
x
or x2 - 50x + 600 = 0
or (x - 30) (x - 20) = 0
x = 30 or 20
As A is a better worker, hence A and B
take 20 hours and 30 hours respectively.
Ex. 28: A builder decided to build a farmhouse
in 40 days. He employed 100 men in
the beginning and 100 more after 35
days and completed the construction
i n st ipul at ed t i m e. I f he had not
empl oyed the addi ti onal m en, how
many days behind the schedule would
it have been finished?
Soln:
Let only 100 men complete the work in x
days.
Work done by 100 men in 35 days + Work
done by 200 men in (40 - 35 =) 5 days = 1
Case I: Work done by 100 men in 35 days.
100 men, in x days, do the whole of
the work.
35
of
100 men, in 35 days, do the
x
the work.
Case II: Work done by 200 men in 5 days.
100 men, in x days, do the whole of
the work.
1
100 men, in 1 day, do the
of the
x
work.
or, x +
Ther efore, if addit ional men were not

employed, the work would have lasted (45
40 =) 5 days behind the schedule time.
Ex. 29: If 9 men or 12 women or 18 boys can
do a piece of work in 20 days working
9 hours a day, then working 10 hours
a day in how many days will 3 men, 2
women and 3 boys together do twice
the work?
Soln:
9 men = 18 boys
18
= 2 boys
9
Again, 12 women = 18 boys
1 man =
18
2 = 3 boys
2 women =
12
3 men + 2 women + 3 boys

= 6 + 3 + 3 = 12 boys
Her e, t here are f our quant ities: Boys,
Work, Hours and Days. And we have to
find number of days, hence it should be
last in the column.
K
KUNDAN
1
1 man, in 1 day, do the
of the
100x
work.
200
of
200 men, in 1 day, do the
100 x
the work.
200 5
of
200 men, in 5 days, do the
100 x
the work.
or,
35 200 5
1
x
100 x
45
1
x
x = 45 days.
or,
The above arrangement is based on the

following relationships:
Less boys, more days (Inverse)
More work, more days (Direct)
More hours, less days (Inverse)
12 :18
1: 2 :: 20 : x
10 : 9
or, 12 1 10 : 18 2 9 :: 20 : x
or, 12 1 10 x = 18 2 9 20
mean terms)
18 2 9 20
= 54 days.
12 1 10
Ex. 30: 9 men and 3 boys together can do a
piece of work in 7 days and 12 men
and 5 boys together can do the same
piece of work in 5 days. How many boys
together with 6 men will finish twice
the work in 21 days?
Soln:
In 7 days a piece of work is done by (9
men + 3 boys)
In 1 day a piece of work is done by 7(9
men + 3 boys)
In 5 days the same piece of work is
done by (12 men + 5 boys)
In 1 day the same piece of work is done
by 5(12 men + 5 boys)
7(9 men + 3 boys) = 5(12 men + 5 boys)
x =
413
Time and Work

or, 63 men + 21 boys = 60 men + 25 boys
or, 63 men 60 men = 25 boys 21 boys
or, 3 men = 4 boys
9 men + 3 boys = (12 + 3 =) 15 boys
Here, there are three quantities: Work,
Days and Boys. W e hav e t o find t he
number of boys, hence it should be in the
last column in the following arrangement:
or, 60 + 15x 60 + 10x 20 = 180

or, 25x = 200
200
= 8 days
25
Ex. 32: A, B and C can do a pi ece of work
together in 10 days. They worked at it
together for three days, and then A left.
B and C worked together for next two
days and then B left. C completed the
x =
3
of the work in 36 days.
5
How m any days would each take
separately to finish the work?
remaining
Abov e ar r angement is based on t he

following relationships:
More work, more boys (Direct)
More days, less boys (Inverse)
1: 2
:: 15 : x
21: 7
or, 1 21 : 2 7 :: 15 : x
or, 1 21 x = 2 7 15
mean terms)
2 7 15
x =
= 10 boys
1 21
Since, 6 men are already employed.
Soln:
C completes 5 of the work in 36 days.

C completes the whole of the work in
36 5
60 days
K
KUNDAN
Hence, 6 men = 6 8 boys.

3
required number of boys = (10 8)

= 2 boys
Ex. 31: A can do a piece of work in 15 days, B
in 12 days and C in 18 days. A began
the work. After 2 days, B and C joined
the work. But due to illness, 3 days
after the joining of B, A left the job.
Again due to injury to B, he left the job
2 days before the completion of the
work. C completed the remaining work.
In how many days the whole work is
completed?
Soln:
Let the work be completed in x days.
A worked for (2 + 3 =) 5 days
B worked for (x 2 2 =) x 4 days
C worked for (x 2) days
and 1 days work of A, B and C
1
1
1
,
and
15 12
18
Work done by A, B and C
5
x 4 x 2
=
15
12
18
(A + B + C) working for 3 days.
(A + B + C) complete
3 days.
Now, from the question, B and C work for
1
3 3

2 days and complete 1
of
5
10
10
the work.
(B + C) can do the whole of the work in
20 days.
(B + C)s 1 days work =
or,
(5 12) 15 (x 4) 10 (x 2)
1
180
1
and
20
1
10
1
1
1
10 20 20
A can complete the whole of the work
in 20 days.
As 1 days work =
(B + C)s 1 days work = 20 and
5
x 4 x 2
1
15
12
18
3
of the work in
10
Cs 1 days work =
1
60
Bs 1 days work
1
1
3 1
2
1
20 60
60
60 30
B can do the same work in 30 days.
Hence, A, B and C can take 20 days, 30
days and 60 days respectively to finish
the work.
=
414
Ex. 33: A started a work and left after working

for 2 days. Then B was called and he
finished the work in 9 days. Had A left
the work after working for 3 days, B
would have finished the remaining work
in 6 days. In how many days can each
of t hem , worki ng alone, fi ni sh the
whole work?
Soln:
Suppose A and B do the work in x and y
days respectively. Now, work done by A
in 2 days + work done by B in 9 days = 1
2 9
or, x y 1
3 6
Similarly, x y 1
To
solve
t he
abov e
equation
put
1
1
= u and y = v.
x
Now,
[(A + B) + (B + C) + (A + C)]s 1 days work
=
1
1
1
456
30 24 20
120
15
1
120 8
or, 2(A + B + C)s 1 days work =
1
8
or, (A + B + C)s 1 days work
1
1
8 2 16
(A + B + C) can do the piece of work in
16 days.
They all work together for 10 days.
=
Hence (A + B + C)s 10 days work =
10
16
K
KUNDAN
Thus 2u + 9v = 1
...... (1)
and 3u + 6v = 1 ...... (2)
Performing (2) 3 - (1) 2 we have
5u = 1
1
u =
5
1
= 5 days.
u
or, x =
Now putting the value of u =
1
in equation
5
(i), we have
1
2
+ 9v = 1
5
2 3
or, 9v = 1
5 5
v=
3 1
1

5 9 15
1
= 15 days.
v
Ex. 34: A and B can do a piece of work in 30
days while B and C can do the same
work in 24 days and C and A in 20
days. They all work for 10 days when
B and C leave. How many days more
will A take to finish the work?
Soln:
(A + B) can do a piece of work in 30
days.
and y =
1
30
Similarly, (B + C)s and (A + C)s 1 days
work =
1
1
and
respectively.
24
20
6
10
Remaining work = 1
16 16
6
is done by A as B
Remaining work
16
and C leave the work.
1
(A + B + C)s 1 days work = 16
1
24
As 1 days work
1 32
1
1
=
16 24 48 48
A can do the whole of the work in 48
days.
A can do
6
48 6
of the work in
16
16
18 days.
Ex. 35: A can do a piece work in 120 days and
B can do it in 150 days. They work
together for 20 days. Then B leaves and
A continues the work alone, 12 days
after that C joins A and the work is
com plet ed in 48 days more. In how
many days can C do i t if he wor ks
alone?
Soln:
Let C take x days to complete the job.
A takes 120 days and B takes 150 days to
complete the same job.
Now, A works for (20 + 12 + 48 =) 80
days, B works for 20 days and C works
for 48 days.
Again,
As 80 days work + Bs 20 days work +
Cs 48 days work = 1
415
Time and Work
or,
80
20 48
1
120 150
x
or,
400 x 80 x 28800
1
(600 ) x
A, B and C together complete the entire

80
work in
days.
3
Now,
1
40
or, 480x + 28800 = 600x

or, 120x = 28800
3
80
Cs 1 days work = (A + B + C)s 1 days
work (A + B)s 1 days work
28800
= 240
x =
120
Hence C takes 240 days to complete the
work.
Ex. 36: A and B could do a piece of work in 40
days. After working for 10 days they
are assi sted by C and t he wor k i s
finished in 20 days more. If C does as
much work in 2 days as B does in 3
days, in how many days could each of
them do the same work alone?
Soln:
days.
They work together for 10 days.
3
1
1
80 40 80
C completes the job in 80 days.
Again, according to the question,
1
1
2
Cs 2 days work =
80
40
=
K
KUNDAN
B does 40 of the work in 3 days.
B does whole of the work in

(40 3 =) 120 days.
As 1 days work
= (A + B + C)s 1 days work Bs 1
days work Cs 1 days work
10 1
40 4
Remaining work = 1 4 4 of the
work.
Now A, B and C together complete the
3
1
1
80 80 120
9 (3 2)
4
1
240
240 60
A completes the job in 60 days.
=
3
th of the work in 20 days.
4
Practice Exercise
1.
A and B can polish the floors of a building in
1
of this job in 15
3
days. In how many days can B alone polish
the floors of the building?
P can complete a peice of work in 15 days, Q is
50% more efficient than P. How long will P
and Q together take to complete the work?
Suneeta can embroider a saree in 15 days.
Her sister-in-law Abha can do the job in 10
days. They star t embr oidering t he saree
together, but two days later Abha gives up the
work and goes to her parents. In how many
days will Suneeta finish the remaining work
of embroidering the saree?
A and B can do a work in 45 and 40 days
respectively. They began the work together,
but A left after some time and B finished the
remaining work in 23 days. After how many
days did A leave?
5.
25 days. A alone can do
2.
3.
4.
6.
7.
8.
A and B can do a piece of work in 12 days

and B and C can do it in 15 days. If all the
three work together, it can be finished in 10
days. How long will it take for A and C to do
it together?
A can do a piece of work in 10 days and B in
20 days. They work together but 2 days before
the completion of the work, A leaves. In how
many days was the work completed?
A can do a piece of work in 24 days, B in 36
days and C in 48 days. All the three began
the work together but after 4 days C left the
wor k. B lef t t he wor k 3 days bef or e the
completion of the work. In how many days
the whole work will be finished.
A can complete a job in 9 days, B can do the
same job in 10 days and C in 15 days. B and
C together started the work but had to leave
the work after 2 days. Find the number of
days in which A alone will be able to complete
the remaining job.
416
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
A can complete a work in 10 days, B in 12
days and C in 15 days. All of them began the
work together, but A had to leave the work
after 2 days of the start and B 3 days before
the completion of the work. How long did the
work last?
A and B can complete a piece of work in 8
days, B and C in 12 days and C and A in 15
days. In how many days can C alone complete
the work?
A certain number of persons can complete a
work in 100 days. If there were 10 persons
less, it would have taken 10 days more for
the work to be completed. How many persons
were in the beginning?
Hariram is thrice as good a workman as Kamal
and takes 10 days less than Kamal to complete
a piece of work. In how much time can Kamal
complete that work?
A is twice as good a workman as B and together
they can complete a piece of work in 14 days.
In how many days can it be done by A alone?
10 persons begin to work together on a job
but after some days 4 persons leave. As a
r esult, t he job which could hav e been
completed in 40 days is completed in 50 days.
How many days after the commencement of
the work did the 4 persons leave?
A fort is provisioned for 32 days for some
soldiers. After 4 days, a reinforcement of 150
soldiers arrives and the food will last for 21
days only. How many soldiers were there in
the fort in the beginning?
A, B and C completes a piece of work in 25,
20 and 24 days respectively. All work together
for 2 days and then A and B leave the work.
letters. In how many days of 8 hours each

will 10 compositor s set 1000 pages of a
manuscript, each page of 45 lines with 50
letters in each line?
2 0 . 75 boys do a piece of work in 24 days. How
many men will finish the double work in 20
days when one day work of 2 men is equal to
one days work of 3 boys?
21. If 38 men, working 6 hours a day, can do a
piece of work in 12 days find the number of
days in which 57 men, working 8 hours a
day, can do a piece of work twice as great,
supposing that 2 men of the first set do as
much work in one hour as 3 men of t he
1
hours.
2
2 2 . A can do a piece of work in 30 days. B and C
together can do the same work in 20 days. A
second set do in 1
K
KUNDAN
14.
15.
16.
3
days and t hen A
5
alongwith D joins C and all finish the work
in next three days. In how many days D alone
can complete the whole work?
17. 64 persons can dig a trench 50 m long, 2 m
wide and 2 m deep in 5 days working 12
hours daily. In how many days, working 8
hours daily, will 80 persons dig anot her
trench 75 m long, 4 m wide and 3 m deep?
18. A contractor undertakes to build a house in 8
months. He plans to complete the work in
time with 210 men working 20 days in a
month at 6 hours a day. However, he manages
to get only 140 men and is allowed 12 months
to complete the work. If his men worked for
24 days a month, how many hours a day
should they work to complete the work?
19. 5 press compositors can set 600 pages of a
2
of
3
the work in 12 days. How many days will be
required by C to complete the remaining work?
and B worked together and completed
3
of a work in 12 days and finishes
10
the remaining work with the assistance of B
in 7 days. In how many days can B alone do
the whole work?
24. 15 persons working 8 hours a day can complete
a work in 21 days. How many days will 14
23. A does
25.
C wor ks for next 8
1
hours each.
2
Each page has 60 lines and each line has 40
manuscript in 16 days of 10
1
times as
2
great, if they work 6 hours a day?
If 4 men or 6 boys complete a work in 20
days, then in how many days will 6 men and
11 boys working together complete the same
wor k?
If 4 men or 8 boys complete a work in 15
days, then in how many days will 3 men and
4 boys working together complete thrice of
the work?
1 man or 2 women or 3 boys complete a certain
work in 44 days. In how many days will 1
man, 1 woman and 1 boy working together
complete it?
If 8 men and 12 boys can finish a piece of
work in 12 days, in what time will 40 men
and 45 boys finish another piece of work 3
times as great supposing 16 men can do as
much work in 8 hours as 12 boys do in 24
hours?
A man, a woman and a boy can do a piece of
work in 3, 4 and 12 days respectively. How
many boys must assist one man and one woman
to complete the work in one day?
A can do a piece of work in 10 days, while B
can do the same in 30 days and C in 60 days.
persons take to complete a work 1
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
417
Time and Work
31.
32.
33.
34.
If A is assisted by B and C respectively on

alternate days, find the number of days in
which the work will be finished.
If 3 men and 5 women do a piece of work in
8 days and 2 men and 7 children do the same
piece of work in 12 days, show that 10 women
can do as much work in a day as 21 children.
2 men and 7 children together complete a job
in 16 days while 3 men and 8 childr en
complete it in 12 days. In how many days
will 8 men and 8 children working together
complete twice the job?
A and B could do a piece of work in 30 days.
After working for 10 days, they are assisted
by C and the work is finished in 10 days. If C
does as much work in 2 days as B does in 3
days, in how many days could A do the same
work alone?
It takes 8, 12 and 16 days for X, Y and Z
respectively to complete a work. How many
days will it take to complete the work if X
works on it for 2 days, then Y works on it for
until 25% of the work is left for Z to do, and
then Z completes the work?
A and B can do a work in 12 days while B
38.
39.
wall the other would take 10 hours. However,

he knew from experience that when t hey
worked together, 10 fewer bricks got laid per
hour. He put both the men on the job and
found that it takes exactly 5 hours to build
the wall. How much bricks did it contain?
A contractor undertook to finish a piece of
work in 150 days. He employed 20 men, 30
women and 75 children for it, but at the end
of 60 days, finding that one fourth of the work
was done, he dismissed all the women and
50 of the children and employed more men.
The work was then finished 5 days before
the stipulated time. Assuming that 3 men
could do as much work as 5 women and 2
women as much as 3 children, find the number
of additional men employed by the contractor.
A and B, working separately, can mow a field
in 12 and 15 hours respectively. They work
alternately, each for 1 hour, with A beginning
at 5 am. At what time will the mowing be
completed?
A and B together can do a piece of work in 12
days and B and C together in 15 days. If A is
twice as good a workman as C, in what time
will B alone do it?
A contractor undertakes to do a certain job in
45 days and employs 15 persons on it. At the
end of 36 days the work is only half-done.
How many extr a persons should he now
employ to finish the work in time?
To do a certain piece of work, B takes four
times as long as A and C together and C takes
three times as long as A and B together. If all
of them working together complete the work
in 12 days, how long would A alone take to
do the work?
A and B can complete a piece of work in 8
and 10 days respectively. However, they work
alternately, one day each, with A beginning
the work. In how much time will the work be
completed?
K
KUNDAN
35.
2
days. After A had
3
worked on it for 3 days and B for 4 days, C
finished the work in 7 days. In how many
days could each do the work separately?
36. A task can be completed by 3 men working
and C can do it in 6
3
th of
4
a day, or by 18 children working for half a
day. If 3 women and 3 children have already
been hired for a day, how many men should
be hir ed and for how many days f or t he
completion of the task?
37. A contractor estimated that one of his two
masons would take 9 hours to build a certain
40.
41.
42.
for a day, or by 8 women working for
43.
Answers and explanations

1.
It is given that A and B can polish the floors

of the building in 25 days.
Now, Bs 1 days work = (A + B)s 1 days work
1
Therefore, (A + B)s 1 days work =
25
As 1 days work =
Now, A alone can do
1
3
Hence, B alone can polish the floor in
of the work in 15
days.
A alone can do t he complet e wor k in
(3 15) = 45 days.
or, As 1 days work =
1
45
1
1
95
4
25 45
225
225
days = 56
2.
1
days.
4
3
100 50
P P
Efficiency of Q =
2
100
225
4
418
Time taken by Q to complete the work
Work done by B in 23 days =
2
15 = 10 days
=
3
Ps 1 days work =
1
15
Qs 1 days work =
1
10
85x
23
1
45 40 40
85x 23 45
1
45 40
or, 85x + 23 45 = 45 40
or, 85x = 45 (40 23) = 45 17
or,
1
1
23 1
15 10
30
6
P and Q together will complete the work in
6 days.
Suneeta can embroider a saree in 15 days.
Abha can embroider a saree in 10 days
(P + Q)s 1 days work =
3.
23
40
1
Suneetas 1 days work =
15
45 17
= 9
85
required answer = 9 days.
x =
5.
Work done by A and B in 1 day =
1
12
K
KUNDAN
Work done by B and C in 1 day =
1
Abhas 1 days work =
10
(Suneeta + Abha)s 1 days work
Work done by A, B and C in 1 day =
1 23
5
1
1
=
15 10 30 30 6
or, (Suneeta + Abha)s 2 days work
1
1
3
12 15 20
Work done by A and C in 1 day
=
Remaining work = 1
Suneet a complet es
1 2
3 3
2
3
of t he wor k in
6.
Then,
1
1
45 40
=
40 45 45 40
Let after x days A left the work. Therefore, A
and B together worked for x days.
85x
(A + B) s x days work =
45 40
Again, B works alone for 23 days.
(A + B) s 1 days work =
x 2
x
1
10
20
[ A works for (x 2) days.]
2x 4 x
1
20
or, 3x 4 = 20
or, 3x = 24
or, x = 8 days
Hence, the work was completed in 8 days.
A, B and C do the piece of work in 24
days, 36 days and 48 days respectively.
1
As, Bs and Cs 1 days work will be
,
24
or,
1
and
45
1
Bs 1 days work =
40
1
3
1
5 20 20
A and C together can do it in 20 days.
Suppose the work is finished in x days.
=
15 days = 10 days.
3
Hence, Suneet a will finish t he r emaining

work of embroidering in 10 days.
A alone can do the work in 45 days.
B alone can do the work in 40 days.
As 1 days work =
1
5
Work done by A + 2B + C in 1 day
Now,
Suneeta completes the work in 15 days
4.
1
10
Work done by 2A, 2B and 2C in 1 day =
1 1
= 2
6 3
1
15
7.
1
1
and
respectively.
36
48
Work done by all the three together in 4
days
1
1
13
13
1
4
= 4
144 36
24 36 48
419
Time and Work

Again, in last 3 days, work done by B
1
1
= 3
36 12
13 1
20 5
remaining work = 1
36 12 36 9
Now, according t o t he quest ion, t his
remaining work is done by A and B.
1
5
1

24 36 72
5
of the work is done by (A + B) in 1 day.
72
5
9
of t he work is done by (A + B) in
72 5
8 days.
5 9
Hence, total time taken to finish the work
= (4 + 3 + 8) = 15 days.
Alternative Method:
Let the work be finish in x days.
Working time for A = (x 3) days
Working time for B = x days
Working time for C = 4 days
Work done by them
(x 3) x
x
1
24
36 48
or, 6(x 3) + 4x + 12 = 144
or, 10x = 150
x = 15
Hence, total time taken to finish the work is
15 days.
A can complete the work in 9 days.
1
As 1 days work =
9
B can complete the work in 10 days.
1
Bs 1 days work =
10
C can complete the work in 15 days.
9.
Let the work is completed in x days.

According to the question,
A worked for 2 days.
B worked together for (x 3) days.
C worked for all x days.
A completes the work in 10 days.
The work done by A in 1 day =
The work done by A in 2 days =
1
10
2
1
10 5
1
12
The work done by B in (x 3) days =
Similarly, the work done by B in 1 day =
1
x 3
and the work done by C in 1 day =

12
15
x
15
K
KUNDAN
8.
The work done by C in x days =

But the total work done is 1
1 x 3 x
1
5
12
15
12 5 (x 3) 4x
1
60
or, 12 + 5x 15 + 4x = 60
or, 9x = 63
or,
x =
63
= 7 days.
9
10. (A + B)s 1 days work =
1
15
On adding all the three, we have
2 (A + B + C)s 1 days work =
1 3 2 1
1
=
10 15 30 6
1 1
6 3
1 2
Remaining work = 1
3 3
Now, A does
A does
1
and
12
(C + A)s 1 days work =
1
Cs 1 days work =
15
B and C worked for 2 days
(B + C)s 1 days work
(B + C)s 2 days work = 2
1
8
1
of the work in 1 day.
9
2
2
9 = 6 days.
of the work in
3
3
1 1
1
8 12 15
15 10 8
33
11
120
120 40
11
11
40 2 80
Cs 1 days work
= (A + B + C)s 1 days work
(A+B)s 1 days work
11 1 11 10
1

80 8
80
80
C alone can finish the work in 80 days.
=
420
11. Let there be x persons in the beginning.

Now, x persons complete the work in 100
days and (x 10) persons complete the work
in 110 days.
Here there are two quantities person and day.
Both are inversely proportional to each other.
ie less person, more days.
x : (x 10) :: 110 : 100
or, (x 100) = (x 10) 110
x
110
x 10 100
or, 110x 1100 = 100x
or, 10x = 1100
or,
1100
= 110
10
Hence, there were 110 persons originally.
12. Harir am is thrice as good a workman as
Kamal.
Ratio of time taken by Hariram and Kamal
= 1 : 3
If difference of time is 2 days, Kamal takes 3
days.
If difference of time is 10 days, Kamal takes
x =
15. There is provision for food for 32 days in the

fort for some soldiers.
Let the number of soldiers be x initially.
After 4 days 150 more soldiers arrived.
Now food is available for x soldiers for
(32 4 =) 28 days.
But , due to ar rival of 150 soldier s, f ood
finished in 21 days only.
Now the above question can be summarised
as A fort is provisioned for 32 days for x
soldiers and for 21 days for (x + 150) soldiers.
Find the value of x.
Here there are two quantities: Soldiers and
Days.
Here inverse relation exists between number
of soldier s and number of days as when
number of soldiers increases, number of days
decreases.
K
KUNDAN
10 = 15 days.
2
13. Let the time taken by B alone to complete the

work be 2x days. Since A is twice as good a
workman as B, then time taken by A alone to
complete the work = x days.
Now,
Work done by A in 1 day =
1
x
1
2x
Work done by (A + B) in 1 day
1 2 1
3
1
=
x 2x 2x 2x
Work done by B in 1 day =
3
1
Clearly,
2x 14
or, 2x = 42
42
= 21
2
Hence, A alone can complete the work in 21
days.
14. Suppose 4 persons leave after x days. It means
that 10 persons work for x days and (10 4 =)
6 persons work for (50 x) days. Then
40 days work done by 10 persons = x days
work done by 10 persons + (50 x) days work
done by 6 persons
or, 10 40 = 10x + 6(50 x)
or, 4x = 100
or, x = 25 days.
x =
Hence,
21 : 28 :: x : x + 150
or, 21(x + 150) = 28x
x
21
x 150 28
or, 28x = 21(x + 150)
or, 7x = 3150
or,
3150
= 450
7
Thus, t here were 450 soldiers in t he fort
initially.
16. Time taken by A to complete the work = 25 days.
Time taken by B to complete the work = 20 days.
Time taken by C to complete the work = 24 days.
A works for (3 + 2 =) 5 days.
or, x =
As 5 days work =
1
1
5
25
5
B works for 2 days.
Bs 2 days work =
2
1
20 10
3
68
C works for 2 8 3 days =

days
5
68
68
17
days work =
5
5 24 30
Let D complete the work in x days.
Cs
Ds 1 days work =
1
x
D works for 3 days.

Ds 3 days work =
3
x
421
Time and Work

Hence,
1 1 17 3
1
5 10 30 x
or,
12 :
8
140 : 210 :: 6 : x
24 : 20
6 3 17 3
1
30
x
or, 12 140 24 : 8 210 20 :: 6 : x

or, 12 140 24 x = 8 210 20 6
( Product of extreme terms = Product of mean
terms)
26 3
1
or,
30 x
or,
3
26
4
2
1
x
30 30 15
Hence D alone can complete the work in 22
8 210 20 6
= 5
12 140 24
the required answer = 5 hours.
19. Here are t he f ollowing quantit ies :
Compositors, Pages, Hours, Lines, Letters and
Days. We have to calculate number of days.
Following relationships exists:
More compositors, less days (Inverse)
More pages, more days (Direct)
Less hours, more days (Inverse)
Less lines, less days (Direct)
More letters, more days (Direct)
Clearly,
or, x =
15 3 45
1
22
or, x =
2
2
2
1
2
days.
17. Here there are following quantities : Persons,
Length, Width, Depth, Days and Hours and
we have to find the number of days.
Let the number of days be x.
Relat ionships bet ween days and ot her
quantities exist as given below:
More persons, less days (Inverse)
More length, more days (Direct)
More width, more days (Direct)
More depth, more days (Direct)
K
KUNDAN
Hence,
80
8
50
2
2
: 64
: 12
: 75 :: 5 : x
:
4
:
3
Hence,
10 :
5
600 : 1000
1
8 : 10 :: 16 : x
2
60 :
45
40 :
50
or, 10 600 8 60 40 :
21
45 50 :: 16 : x
2
5 1000
or, 80 8 50 2 2 : 64 12 75 4 3 :: 5 : x
or, 80 8 50 2 2 x = 64 12 75 4 3 5

terms)
64 12 75 4 3 5
or, x =
= 27 days
80 8 50 2 2
18. Here there are four quantities : Men, Days,
Months and Hours. We have to calculate
number of hours.
Following relationships exist:
Less men, more hours (Inverse)
More days, less hours (Inverse)
More months, less hours (Inverse)
Clearly,
or, 10 600 8 60 40 x
21
45 50 16
2
terms)
5 1000 21 45 50 16
x=
10 600 8 60 40 2
= 5 1000
37800
37800
=
= 16.40
48 48
2304
required number of days = 16.40 days.
2 0 . 3 boys = 2 men
=
2
75 = 50 men
3
1 work is finished in 24 days by 50 men
75 boys =
422
1 work is finished in 1 day by 50 24 men
1 work is finished in 20 days by
50 24
20
men
2 wor ks are f inished in 20 days by
50 24 2
= 120 men.
20
Alternative Method:
From the above we know that 75 boys = 50
men
Here, there are three quantities : Days, Work
and Men. We have to calculate the number of
men.
Here following relationships exist:
Less days, more men (Inverse)
More work, more men (Direct)
Clearly,
1 :
2
8 :
6 :: 12 : x
57 : 85 .5
or, 1 8 57 : 2 6 85.5 :: 12 : x
1 8 57 x = 2 6 85.5 12
terms)
2 6 85 .5 12
= 27 days.
1 8 57
2 2 . A can do a piece of work in 30 days.
or, x =
1
30
(B + C) can do the same work in 20 days.
As 1 days work =
1
20
K
KUNDAN
2
3
(A + B) can do the whole of the work in
(A + B) can do
Hence,
20 : 24
:: 50 : x
1 : 2
or, 20 1 : 24 2 :: 50 : x
or, 20 1 x = 24 2 50
terms)
24 2 50
= 120
20
required answer = 120 men.
x=
21. 1 hour work of 2 men of first group = 1
1
hours
2
work of 3 men of second group

1 hour work of 2 men of first group = 1 hour
work of 4.5 men of second group
( if 3 men do a work in 1.5 hours, it will be
completed in 1 hour by 3 1.5 = 4.5 men)
2 men of first group = 4.5 men of second
group
or, 4 men of first group = 9 men of the second
group
9
or, 38 men of the first group = 38 = 85.5
4
men of the second group
the problem has changed as follows
12 3
= 18 days.
2
Bs 1 days work
= (A + B)s 1 days work As 1 days work
1
2
1
1
=
18 30 90 45
B can complete the work in 45 days.
Cs 1 days work
= (B + C)s 1 days work Bs 1 days work
1
1
1
20 45 36
C can complete the work in 36 days.
=
2 1
Remaining work = 1
3 3
C can do the whole of the work in 36 days.

C can do
1
3
of the work in 36 12
3
days.
23. Let B alone can do the work in x days.
1 days work of B =
Here, following relationships exist:

(i) more work, more days (Direct)
(ii) more hours per day, less days (Inverse)
(iii) less men, more days (Inverse)
1
18
A finishes
1
x
3
10
1 days work of A =
1
3
1
12 10 40
423
Time and Work
Remaining work = 1
3
7
10 10
1
1
x 40
As A and B finished the remaining work in 7
days, the work done by them in 7 days
1 days work of A and B =
1
1
= 7
x 40
1
7
1
or, 7
x 40 10
or,
1
1
1
x 40 10
or,
1
1
1
4 1
3
x 10 40
40
40
6 6
= 9 boys
4
6 men + 11 boys = 9 boys + 11 boys = 20 boys
6 boys complete a work in 20 days.
1 boy complete a work in (20 6) days.
20 boys complet e the same wor k in
or, 6 men =
20 6
6 days.
20
26. 4 men = 8 boys

8
1 man = 2 boys
4
3 men + 4 boys = (3 2) boys + 4 boys = 10 boys
Here, we have three quantities: Boys, Work
and Days. We have to calculate number of
days. Here following relationships exist:
More boys, less days (Inverse)
Clearly,
K
KUNDAN
or, x = 13
1
3
1
days.
3
24. Here t here ar e the following quantities :
Persons, Hours, Work and Days. We have to
calculat e number of days. Following
relationships exist:
Less persons, more days (Inverse)
Clearly,
B alone can do the work in 13
Hence,
10 : 8
:: 15 : x
1 : 3
or, 10 1 : 8 3 :: 15 : x
or, 10 1 x : 8 3 15
terms)
8 3 15
= 36
10
27. 1 man = 3 boys
2 women = 3 boys
x =
Hence,
14 : 15
6 : 8 :: 21 : x
3
1 :
2
3
boys
2
1 man + 1 woman + 1 boy
1 woman =
3
:: 21 : x
2
or, 14 6 1 : 15 8
3
21
2
terms)
or, 14 6 1 x = 15 8
15 8 3 21
= 45
14 6 2
Hence required answer = 45 days.
25. 4 men = 6 boys
x =
or, 1 man =
6
boys
4
= 3 boys +
3
boys + 1 boy
2
11
boys
2
3 boys complete the work in 44 days.
1 boy complete the work in (44 3) days
=
11
44 3 2
boys complete the work in

11
2
24 days.
28. The work is completed by 16 men in 8
hours
The work is completed in 1 hour by (16 8)
men.
424
In the same manner,
The work is completed by 12 boys in 24
hours.
The work is completed in 1 hour by
(12 24) boys.
(16 8) men = (12 24) boys
or, 1 boy =
16 8
4
man =
man
12 24
9
Now, 8 men + 12 boys = 8 12
4 40
men
9
3
and 40 men + 45 boys = 40 45
4
60 men
9
40
men do 1 work in 12 days
3
40
days and
1 man do 1 work in 12
3
The whole work is done by A and C =
60
days
7
7 1
2
In the first 2 days

of the work
15 60 4
is done.
1
3
6
In 6 days
of the work is done.
2 4
4
3 1
Remaining work = 1
of the work.
4 4
1 2
7
4 15 60
Now, we have (A + C)s turn to work.
In 1 day A and B do the work =
7
60
Total time = 6 + 1 + 1 = 8 days.
31. 3 men + 5 women can do the work in 8 days
24 men + 40 women can do the work in 1
day
Again 2 men + 7 children can do the work in
12 days
24 men + 84 children can do the work in 1
day
Hence, 24 men + 40 women = 24 men + 84
children
or, 40 women = 84 children
or, 10 women = 21 children.
32. In 16 days a piece of work is done by
(2 men + 7 children)
In 1 day the same piece of work is done by
16(2 men + 7 children)
In 12 days a piece of work is done by
(3 men + 8 children)
In 1 day the same piece of work is done by
12(3 men + 8 children)
16(2 men + 7 children) = 12(3 men + 8
children)
or, 32 men + 112 children = 36 men + 96
childr en
or, 4 men = 16 children
1 man = 4 children
Now,
2 men + 7 children = 8 children + 7 children
= 15 children
8 men + 8 children = 32 children + 8 children
= 40 children
15 children complete a piece of work in
16 days.
1 child completes the same piece of work
in (16 15) days.
40 children complete the same piece of work
A and C together do
K
KUNDAN
12 40
days.
60 men do 1 work in
60 3
12 40 3
8 days
60 men do 3 work in
3 60
The required time is 8 days.

29. Let x boys assist one man and one woman to
complete the work in 1 day.
1
3
Part of the work done by the woman in 1 day
Part of the work done by the man in 1 day =
1
4
Part of the work done by x boys in 1 day =
and,
x
12
1 1 x

1
3 4 12
x
7
5
1 1
1 1
12
3 4 12 12
x= 5
number of boys = 5
30. According to the question, on the first day A
and B together do the work whereas on the
second day A and C together do the work.
or,
1
4
2
1
1 days work of A and B =

10 30 30 15
The whole work is done by A and B =
15
days
2
1
7
1
1 days work of A and C =

10 60 60
16 15
days.
in
40
425
Time and Work

40 children complete the twice of the work
16 15 2
days = 12 days.
in
40
Alternative Method:
Here, we have three quantities : Children,
Work and Days. We have to calculate the
number of days. Here, following relationships
exist:
More children, less days (Inverse)
Clearly,
As 1 days work
= (A + B)s 1 days work Bs 1 days work
1
1
32
1
30 45
90
90
A alone can finish the work in 90 days.
=
34. Xs 1 days work =

Ys 1 days work =
1
8
1
12
1
16
X works for 2 days.
Zs 1 days work =
Hence,
40 : 15
:: 16 : x
1 : 2
or, 40 1 : 15 2 :: 16 : x
or, 40 1 x = 15 2 16
terms)
1
1
Xs 2 days work = 2
8
4
25% of the work will be completed by Z.
K
KUNDAN
Z does
15 2 16
x =
= 12
40
33. (A + B)s 1 days work =
Remaining work = 1
25
1
of the work.
100 4
1
16
1
1
of the work in 16 = 4 days.

4
4
Let Y work for x days.

Z does
1
30
(A + B)s 10 days work = 10
Therefore, Z does
1
1
30 3
1
12
x
12
Again, since the whole work is 1.
1 2
3 3
Ys x days work =
Now,
Ys 1 days work =
2
3
2
1
3 10 15
Cs 1 days work= (A + B + C)s 1 days
work (A + B)s 1 days
work
1
1
2 1
1
15 30
30
30
C alone can finish the work in 30 days.
Now, it is given that C does as much work in
2 days as B does in 3 days.
The work which C does in 30 days, will be
=
done by B in 30 45 days.
2
B alone will finish the work in 45 days.

1
Bs 1 days work =
45
or,
1 x
1
1
4 12 4
x
1 1
1 1
1 1
12
2 2
4 4
12 1
= 6
2
Hence Y works for 6 days.
Total number of days in which work is
completed 2 + 6 + 4 = 12 days.
35. Let A, B and Cs daily work be x, y and z.
Since A and B completes the work in 12 days,
x =
A and Bs one days work = x + y =
1
12
1
y
12
Similarly, both B and C can complete the work
x=
in 6
2
20
days =
days
3
3
426
B and Cs one days work = y + z =
3
20
3
y
20
Also, 3x + 4y + 7z = 1
Substituting the above value of x and y, we
get
z =
3
y 4y 7
y 1
12
20
or,
3 ( 1 12y)
7 ( 3 20y)
4y
1
12
20
Time taken by 8 women to complete the work
3
day
4
Time taken by 18 children to complete the
wor k
=
Now,
Time taken by 1 man to complete the work
= 3 days
The time taken by 1 woman to complete the
wor k
=
( 1 12y)
21 140y
4y
1
or,
4
20
1
day
2
3
8 = 6 days
4
Work completed by 1 woman in one day =
5 60y 80y 21 140y

1
or,
20
or, 26 120y = 20
or, 120y = 6
1
6
K
KUNDAN
Work completed by 3 women in one day
1
20
Putting this value of y in the equation given
above
y =
or, x =
1
y
12
or, x =
1
1
12 20
or, x =
or, z =
3 1
9 3
So, work completed by 3 women and 3 children
=
53
60
in one day =
1 1 5

2 3 6
Work to be completed = 1
5 1
6 6
The time taken by 1 men to complete
3
1
20 20
1
6
1
1
3
day
6
2
So, 1 man should be hired for one day.
37. Let the number of bricks in the wall be x.
Part of the wall built by both in one hour will
be
work =
2
1
20 10
A, B and Cs one days work is
1
18 = 9 days
2
1
9
Work completed by 3 children in 1 day
3
y
20
or, z =
Work completed by 1 child in 1 day =
2
1
or, x =
60 30
Similarly,
z =
3
1
=
6
2
Time taken by 1 child to complete the work
=
1
1
,
and
30
20
1
respectively.
10
A, B and C can complete the work in 30,
20 and 10 days respectively.
36. From the question,
Time taken by 3 men to complete the work
= 1 day
1 1
19
9 10 90
time taken to complete the wall when both
=
are working will be =
90
hour
19
427
Time and Work

Both will take
Hence,
90
hours to fix x numbers of
19
1
4
bricks.
19
x
90
But they will fix x number of bricks in 5 hours.
85 :
3
4 :: 68 : x
60
So, number of bricks fixed in one hour =
x
5
Since when both are working together, they
both fix 10 bricks less
or,
Bricks fixed in 1 hour will be
19x x
10
90 5
19x 18x
10
or,
90
or, x = 900
The number of bricks in the wall is 900.
38. 5 women = 3 men
1
3
85 :
60 :: 68 : x
4
4
1
3
85 x =
60 68
4
4
terms)
or,
3 60 68 4
= 144
85 4
Again, from the question,
Since all the women and 50 children were
dismissed, hence the number of woman = 0
and the number of children = (75 50 =) 25
Now,
x =
K
KUNDAN
3
man
5
3 children = 2 women
1 woman =
2
woman
3
1 child =
2 3 2

man
3 5 5
+ 30 women + 75 children
20 men
3
2
= 20 30 75 men
5
5
= 20 + 18 + 30 = 68 men
Time required for
1
of the work = 60 days.
4
1 3
Remaining work = 1
of the work.
4 4
Now, number of days required for the rest of

the work = (150 60) 5 = 85 days.
Here we have three quantities: Work, Day,
and Men. We have to calculate number of men.
Here following relationships exist:
More work, more men (Direct)
More days, less men (Inverse)
Clearly,
20 men + 25 children = 20 25 = 30 men

5
Number of additional men = (144 30)

= 114 men.
39. According to the question,
Work done by A in first hour =
1
12
Work done by B in second hour =
1
15
Work done in two hours
1
1
54
3
12 15
60
20
or, Work done by (A + B) in 12 hours
=
3 12
9
20 2 10
Now, in 13th hour, it is the turn of A
or, Work done in 13 hours
=
9
1
54 5 59
10 12
60
60
or, Remaining work after 13 hours
=
= 1
59
1
60 60
or, Time taken by B to do
1
work
60
1
1
15 1
hour = 15 minutes
1
60 60 4
15
428
Total time taken to complete the whole work

= 13 hours + 15 minutes
Hence, mowing will be completed at
5 am + 13:15 hours = 18:15 hours
= 6:15 pm
40. Let A alone complete the work in x days.
C alone will take 2x days to complete it.
Let B alone complete the work in y days.
42. Let A and B together complete the work in x

days.
1
x
1
3x
Again, let (A + C) complete the work in y days.
Cs 1 days work =
1 1
1

x y 12
......(i) and
1
(A + C)s 1 days work = y
1
1
1
y 2x 15
......(ii)
1
Bs 1 days work = 4y
Subtracting equation (ii) from (i),
1
1
1
1
x 2x 12 15
Now, A + B =
1
1
and B = 4y
x
K
KUNDAN
or,
2 1 5 4
2x
60
1
1
As 1 days work = x 4y
or,
1
1
2x 60
1
1
A + C = y and C =
3x
60
= 30
2
From equation (i),
or, x =
1
1
As 1 days work = y 3x
B alone will complete the work in 20 days.

41. Here, there are three quantities: Days, Work
and Men.
Following relationship exists:
Less days, more men (Inverse)
Less work, less man (Direct)
1
1
1
1

x 4y y 3x
or,
1
1
1
1
x 3x
4y y
or,
4
5
3x
4y
or, 16y = 15x
......(iii)
Now, (A + C)s 1 days work =

Where x = number of men
9 :
1
2
or, 9
36
:: 15 : x
1
:
2
1
1
x = 36
15
2
2
36 15
= 60
9
Number of additional men = (60 15 =) 45.
or, x =
......(ii)
From equations (i) and (ii),
1
1
1

30 y 12
1
1
1
52
3
1
or, y 12 30 60 60 20
......(i)
1
1
16
;
15 x
y
15 x
16
1
and
x
1
1
(B + C)s 1 days work = 4y 3x
1
1
4
1
9
15 x 3x 15 x 3x 15 x
4
16
Now, adding to above three,

2(A + B + C)s 1 days work
=
16
1
9
40
8

15 x x 15 x 15 x 3x
429
Time and Work

(A + B + C)s 1 days work
43. Work of A and B for first 2 days
8 1
4

=
3x 2 3x
Again, according to the question,
1
12
1 1
54
8 10
40
9
of the whole of the work.
40
Work of A and B for 8 days =
8 9
9
of
2 40 10
4
1
3x 12
or, 3x = 4 12
the whole of the work.
4 12
= 16
3
From equation (iii),
16y = 15x
or, 16y = 15 16
the whole of the work.

Since both A and B work alternately one day
each, with A beginning the work. It is the
turn of A for ninth day.
Remaining work after 8 days = 1
x =
y =
9
1
of
10 10
1
of the whole of the work is completed
8
by A in 1 day.
15 16
= 15
16
K
KUNDAN
1
1
As 1 days work = x 4y
Remaining
days.
of t he wor k will be
8 4
completed by A in
day.
10 5
Hence the required time to complete the work
1
1
1
1
15 4
11
=
6 4 15 16 60
240
240
A alone will complete the work in
1
10
240
11
4 4
= 8 8
days.
5 5

Time and Work

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402

Time and Work

on Time and Work, there is a proportional

Important Points to Remember

( i ) Capacity of persons to do a piece of work is

Amit can do a piece of work in 4 days

Work done by Amit in 1 day =

Work done by Sumit in 1 day =

So, work done by Amit and Sumit in 1 day

Time and Work

B and Cs 1 days work =

C and As 1 days work =

Chhotu and Nitus 1 days work =

Nitus 1 days work =

Kamis 1 days work =

Now, according to the question

the work in 10 days, find for how many

Now, on subtracting equations (1), (2) and

(A + B)s 5 days work = 5

The remaining work is done by B.

As one days work =

Bs one days work =

Hence, the remaining work is done by B

Bs (x 12) days work =

Time and Work

We have, length of the platform = 600 m

rd of the platform = 600 m

I mar ati sweeps

hours. Who sweeps

Now, on subtracting equation (ii) from

Hence their 1 days work will be

Time and Work

Ex. 13: Mohan and Sohan working separately

On subtracting (i) from (iv), we have

Mohans 1 days work =

On putting the value of

equation (i), we have

or, 120a + 120 = 11a2 + 22a

In the first hour Gangi mows

In the second hour Jamni mows

The total time required is 8 1 or

or, Spinning 1 hour daily, Kanta can spin

Following relationship exists:

In 10 days, a work is done by

of the field in 1 day.

Time and Work

Ex. 21: If 12 men and 16 boys can do a piece of

Ex. 22: If 5 men and 3 boys can reap 23 hectares

Hence all men must work till 1

of the field is reaped.

boys can reap 45 hectares in 6

days after they leave the work?

10 men can reap the field in

One mans one days work =

8 mens one days work =

and, 12 boys one days work =

Since 8 men and 12 boys can finish

Again, 6 men and 8 boys can finish

Time and Work

Height and man: Less height, less men

Thus, one man alone can finish the work

a1b2 a2b1 0 . Then the system has a

unique solution given by

The above solution is generally written