.

, __
1-

-*92

I
Luce
inhisown
peculiar
pjgigin
,'
some psychologi a reak inI

: q"i:._
- _ ,_92a
_

__i'.
I<>_

fected
almost
all our journalism,
including other magazines, and
much of our radio prattle. Whereas
25
years ago newspaper reporters and rewrite hands took
pride in the composition of pearshaped periods and flights ofiimagery about fires and fuznerals. the new mode is just as
f resolutely
harsh.
In fact, in those days. when is
Mencken and Nathan were shoot- ing spitballs at dignity itself_i
most rewrite men secretly read MBWUYYand Mencken&#39;s
original
F
cliches, a little more artful
than

i
I

Xi

Nathan&#39;s._
could be combedout

of everything to the left of thel

i_,=r
-.

goitersand electricbelts.

1? .
-r

.:

.1
e-&#39;
at----4.:--A

-a

4_92

re"

&#39;
Nothing as horrible as Drew
Pearson&#39;s
jerked-Englished paraphrase of Timestyie would have
got past any copy desk and the
depth oi the decline may be
guaeecl by the fact that this
phenomenon may claim, with
what truth
I
do not presume to
know, that his merchandise appears in several hundred American dailies
The name or Percy Hammond
will mean nothing even to many
Americans who were reading papers in the twenties and the
teens. For some reason he
limited himself
to
the stage and
actors and pretty much to imi promptus such as reviews done
in a feverish hurry. His Sunday
specials were longer and liner
wrought but his daily standard
was I high degree oi beauty.
Percy also. like Mencken, used
what he himself called out-or

!. 5
.._..,92
1-&#39;;.
&#39;
H
.1;
i.-5;...- &#39;22*ff;--

1 &#39;
l had P tumonia

mIymade
s6&#39;i&#39;l&#39;i&#39;_e"Si?U&
remark
about
his gettingW11
and writing more beautiful com

he said."I don&#39;t
mi i=KPH

well
andI don&#39;t
want
ti0h1
&#39;1"1;iL
anotherworcl."Th lf P"
m

ahospital
and
hedied
gin
a.c$:e-l

l
days.
I
heard e vii"
_
i plg 91&#39;
.* hard, which is true of most suc-

cessfulhands altho Broun just

Played
thet"1neW1&#39;1W
111"
*1P
iessor
in
a
.
onky-tonk
and
out
camelimilid m1&#39;atm&#39;much
itgood satireandwhimsy;

Nospeech
oi Churchills
evel

be mistaken for any

iwill
Roosevelt&#39;s
factoI&#39;Y-made
hem"
becauseChurchilltakes
-gm;
pride
inhisskill
andkept
hind
inimitable. H1S_V0106an
i self
diction enforced his language-

everrtho he doessuffer from ii.

mushy llllp ff tli n Of speechl

t hehashadnorivalin
o

at But-jaavg us never for .

hat he sentthe Black and Ta

town words, but always withi

grace&#39;and
there was
1marvelous
hardly a time that any other
=-~L"&#39;,"-,-

word would have quite sufficed.

I chanced to call on him at
the Algonquin with the Grantland Rices one evening not long

QIreland.
H Km __
rmum
i
C ,-lid.&#39;i-L{e._im-.1

after he was left desolateby the

i

death of his wife. He was SOPping wet and there was a whole
bowl of cigarette butts on the
bed table. His son. John, was
i. t
th win
d ow. helpsaring
ou
e

le,1 Percy
was
adt imy-t!n&#39;u
-

with ie.
.1

&#39;

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Mr.Tole/a

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&#39;

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Bureau
of
Ifnuretigatimt
F
t

ntirh iatra Z32artmrnt

nf
Zlnstuzv
C SanFrancisco2, California

.1-92y-re
Jan I
lMREF1..Y.PLEASER-EFERTO

_92
1 .f&#39;]:"_

1/

Mr.
John
Director,

Edgar Hoover
Federal

Bureau
of

t g Washington,
D.C.

g-.- -._ _
,.;::

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Mr. 92 92&#39;
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.

FILE NO.i

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Ai

PERSONAL
Investigation

C!

$1
H1"-]lo
.I
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92_]

92
J

Director, FBI, fromSAC,SanFrancisco

&#39;

1-25-5h

Aldrich
is
also supposedto have been very
optimistic
about the economic
outlook for the immediate future of this country. On the international
outlook,
Aldrich is reported to have advised his listeners that there was less chance of
war with Russia today than there has been in the recent
completely afraid of the might of this country.

"

past,

JI
M-4-. V
.4
_, --1|-1
ff. -&#39;
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5

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Russia was

Yours sincerely,

.vr_-2
.

*_-1-_,
"T1121

and that

J
WILLIAM

H. WHELAN

Special Agentin Charge

rn.m-.umnronu|~l1.!-I

O,[ C6
Mo. madam
- UNITE
FES
GOVERN

o,
T0 1 HR.
A.H.BELMON
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ATE=15,1954
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:ll?{

WEIR =- Y
PRIMEurzrrsmn wrwsrouCHURCHILL

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92

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ACTIOE:
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wlrf"
Am-L,-<.. .._.i

1-

Sizoo
_

.MissGm

For your information.

fox;

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355
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z.,w
MAR
331954

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F1&#39;d111
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IsAccepted

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~

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.7"..Y7.-L1!
;

Sir Wiiisloii Plans

Sicilian Vacation;
. BritishElection _,
.Likely
on May 26

- Mr.
Tolson
/

,4 ?

>4???
Mr.
Boardma
/lg in-.
Nichols
I

By Frazer Vifighton &#39;

It-enters

use-_---I
i

ByQueen j
LONDON, April 5.- Sir
Vi[inston&#39;"&#39;
Churchill tonight

pzl tefs-ttfblaze bannerlin

ister--a

ably made more headlines{or

resigned

as

Prime

reluctant

Min-

surrender

to his 80 years.
.@41- . -&#39;

ea
L-a
,

"

-i
.
.

The elderlystatesman,
in
-a polka-dot
bow

tie, old-ash-

iioned
frock
coat
and
zip-fastiened
shoes
stood
before
28;year-oldQueenElizabeth Il

in a room at Buckingham

Palace and asked to be relieved of his

o ice.

burdensome
P

Moist-eyed crowds outside

,_.
*+~
"
.

tea." .
,&#39;

shouted good old Winnie" and

the British Broadcasting Corporation brokeinto
a
children :
hour program for a special an-

Went
tiremen .

ofChurchill
re- s
-- - -s

Mr.Belmgtl
-4 .i_._

Mr. Herbo_,;_

But

there

were

no news-

Mr. Mohr ___...__

Mr.
Parsons
____
Mr.Rosen
_i__
Mr.
Tamm
___,___i
Mr. Sizoo .___i___
Mr. Winter:-owd__
Telc. Room vi .
Mr, Holloman i____
Miss Gandy

about the man who has prob-

them than any other

in
this
century.
A
strike of 600 maintenance workers has hushed
London&#39;s
presses for the last
12 days.
_
The young sovereign, under
whose great-great-grandmother,
Queen Victoria, Churchill began his 55-year career of public
service as a cavalry officer,
sadly accepted his resignation
in
a
40-minute audience.
Churchill o icially recommended that she appoint Forgeign Secretary Sir Anthony
Eden as his successor. She is
expected to summon the 57-

Vi

year-old Eden to the palace

Wednesday and ask

him
to
serve as her new Prime Min-

ister.
Eden
isexpected
tocall
agen-

eral election soon to secure

national approval of his succession. Forecasts now claim the
election will be May 26.
A one-sentence palace anInouncement told the resignaLtion story. it said: "the Right
Honorable Sir Winston Churchill had an audience of the
Queen this evening and tendered his resignation as Prime
-Minister and First Lord of the
i_Treasury, which Her Majesty

." ~
.11
l.-.
"

._&#39;
- -i

92

Churchlll s resignation

iauto-

3 matiE5II!"inv01ved
iS

Eyes MistyWith Tears,

-. ,;_ J

Churchill Bows
,-

CHURCHlLL Fr. Pg.

about
himto
Ii pressed

Out at 80

government. When
his successor announces the new administration, it
is probable
that
most of
the ministers
who

served Churchill

will retain;

eign Secretary.

Harold Mac-i

their posts.
1
Choice oi&#39;Foreign
Secretary
One decision before Eden ls
the choice of
a successor as For-i

bid liim&#39;his
personal plansrnarring Millan_ 61. until now Defense
favored. Another!
chances of victory. &#39;
_ Minister.is

_ Q
farewell-] their
.ii-in&#39;-.o
- . ." 7 rvvna
In
thn&#39;
the Queen men [Even before Churchill re- Possibility is Selwyn Lloyd, 5O,i
Ministers since
1735,
and
topondered
the advice Churchill
Supply
Minister
and an Eden
Ward Buckingham Palace. .
gave herabouthissuccessor.
signed he
New YmkDailyt protege,
. &#39;
1.u: who
was
formerly
.._ ,__ &#39;. Churchill
appeared at they
."
. News
Service reported,
the Eden&#39;s deputy
at the Foreign
door of Number 10
at 4:23 p. m. Sta in Parliament .
Laborites began
needling theOf ce. l
;
lie stood beaming,. cigarin ;
192Io!!1a|.te1 who is chosen.;
nand, andjoiied his top hat to C hill
intends tcon
inue ,
&#39;_
there will be
little
change in
the crowds before stepping into
British foreign
policy as
- ..1"_.!
" his limousine for the short_ride

h0l cialsitmade
clear
toriightlcfmsewa
in
C 5ves
inm5H5I
as uic
member1?,
of -liamemi
we"Can
be
told, rasked
Labor-E

representing his constituency iteM. P. Emry i if the 892&#39;91&#39;1{&#39;

mapped out by
Eden during his
ne&#39;er London.
men;15
gqlrfg to be allowed toi last. 3% years in ohiee. &#39;=

.&#39;lopalace.
the
He carried his of
Woodford,

T7_%i;-

favorite gold-topped
cane.
_They discouraged
IHe was leaning back and still
smoking his cigar
when
his car1=

&#39;drovesaluting
past sentriesin-Hnew

palace courtyard.
An
. . it -to the
..
-ha.
., equerry conducted him immedi-&#39;.. -.*&#39;
ately
to
the Queen s
apartments. "
.
.=_..
R.
-._._,

-i&#39;
i-in-iq i
&#39;

the sugges~

-f

In the
last year
Eden
has
been. credited with numerous
tion
might
he
accept
some
bung
nonCaesifhm
35
Rings.
departmental post
in Eden&#39;s
L1&#39;
1&#39;
95gb ihere mgsuccesses in the international

government.
&#39; 1 "&#39;e&#39;7L
R tgme,,,
ac

arena. It

was partly due to his

On his. returnfrom
the
" &#39;
n 1&#39;8
&#39;yu.
negotiating skill that war ended
.
W35
EIEIICQtOSPEC
Palace tonight,
Churchill
met[T1115
.
in Indochina.
He settled
the
all hissenior
ministers
in
theilatmn
that
Chmchm
might
be
bitter feud
between Britain
..
House of Lords.

cabinetroom
of

-The late afternoon sun shonei,

in tlirougli
the toll windows as? *he-bent his
bulky
gure
and
kissed
her
hand. Then,
in
rounded sentences. he spoke
oil
his age and
. his desire that they

10 Downinv
named tothe ,
- A tally, he has declined the ,and Egypt

:.:s..iniz; &#39;. Itwa understoo

. _, C,urc ml

over the British

army bases in the Suez canal.
After
France

had reiected

the EuropeanDefense Commugel! to

the junior
members
also
ofwaspersuaded
by his
wmlnity
treaty,
he found
a new

;gOwi3:lnme?&#39;Chan
his doctors
and
Eu
friendsway
tothrough
ew goo
W
.
-_1f]1 bd close

the Paris

and

London agreements to bring s

countl?-h_0me
lient, Wednesin East
h 1aff-m
tire
is ;1bm:degshmmin: 3;
rearmed Germany into Western

leadership
the of
governmentllgay
leveningfggaying
Y;at.:laEtlgg;1I
stgl
Spry--_as
haslldefense.
l|;i_H}::al;t
he &#39;
should pass to ayounger man. ii - eaves
a Vshown
by quick-witted replies

;
Acrowd
of
1000,
mainly
Just as formally, though
she
horrieward-bound office
workwell knew
the answer in ad - J ers, swirled around No. 10&#39;
vance. Elizabeth asked Church- Minister for atotal of eight "am-5&#39; ,Downing S_treet
this eveningrecommend asuccessor
8 ill to
and burstinto aroar of
cheerand he named
Eden.
.
the
nation
:
leader
1l&#39;1
World
1
E
-:me
l
5
ing when
the retiring
Prime
The momentous occasion
my .
war
IL
._
ers
in
a
bid
to
bring
permanent
Minister emerged for aprifrom
his
departure to
his reFriends
say
Churchill
&#39;felt,P39
11
me
&#39;1&#39;1dP.1mca1
.v evisit.
_
turn to Downing Street took
of
burly
policeme
capable O;
can-yin;on
the ad. quarters
predict thatfrom be- . ozens
.
1:. I only an hour.
ministration
of
government
for.
hmd
ml!
en
!
he
Wm
sun
3
{The United Press reported
to old
back the crow .
_. 4 ? U
Bt.li..]&#39;lB.nwnrkmg i-M5 dream-i
Churchill returned
to No. 10 some timeto come.
wich
surged forward to gre
retire, theysaid, so.e"&#39;1
ih 3h heY" 7*d "5".

and stood, old agreed to

J
. Downing street
Churchill andslowed hisbla E
the conservatives
could
ghker
represent Brital_n-a-e-topte with
tbrim
limousine to a crawl. The spec-i
-

S&#39;i :&#39;ii ili1

"1 *iiiTii
P&#39;
=idai ;es
i" " Prime?
* &#39; &#39;
years, seven
months and
25."g&#39;hfiais
lir iloz :ant
gl
days-including _years
ve
;"&#39;mu
as
r estas
Russia, ham

mg inis eyes
as ereceivethe election
without uncertairiP"! "f1 n&#39;

the cheers of a throng whichtty

about his futdre health or

_

92
-&#39;

tators were still there when;

Churchill, dressed.

in the

same costume he wore to the

palace, returned an
hour
laterI hey sang and cheered as he

gave the famous V-signand

chanted "We want Winnie" an-F

til he reappeared later
at an
opened window
and gave the

sign 11 times.

By
then.
Churchill had
changed from formal attire and
was wearing
one of
the
one->
piece
"siren
stilts" he became.

fond of
during World War II. I
; Lite tonight, a CTOWU of
200Y
>sti11 waited

outside &#39;iis
&#39;resi-

idence singing For He : aJolly

llow"
and
calli!g~l92-op
L. , . . ome lon,
Winnieff, .
.
:

i-ii. - _r-&#39;:l .&#39;&#39;

___--_"__ Er. ._92_

0/

Tol
_
-924

.0
I ,3
1-

"

Mr.

oardman

Mnig
Mr.Be
Mr. Harbo

,___L

L&.M0h:____,
Mr. Parsons

315
_7
&#39;_-;3_.&#39;
.,
.I ?V.l :7._-IR,

__

Mr. Rosen ___

Nk.Tamm
Mr.
Sizoo
__

_|

. ___.-.. -H
--92 _ 1&#39;."
-=_r_
,92.
-,
;&#39;;;.;I
-AL
.

nu

*1-

~ ~-W3!!

M . W td

&#39;
u ,9

Mr.
Hollo
MissGandy_

"

um;
s~.,._

TZ1=

,____

&#39;,

.
1
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,1 ;
92_
&#39;

9292.

.
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92

|-,;_.
.92___
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5|
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&#39; 1 .5

CHURCHILL!
C,
Lennon--SIR W; T9Wgpc;gWguuncuxgy,
was roucur awnnrrnnrzn
svsnv

ENEMYSAVE THE UNYIELDINGTOLL OF TIME, PRESENTED

HIS RESIGNATIONAS
PRIME

MINISTER

OF

GREAT

BRITAIN

TO THE

QUEEN

TODAY-

HIS SUCCESSOR
AS PRIME MINISTER WILL BE -SIR ANTHONY
EDEN.

THESE FACTS WERE LEARNED UNOFFICIALLY,

THO
HOURS
BEFORE A 6:50 P.N.
30 P.H.
EST! FORMAL ANNOUNCEMENT FROM NO. 10 DONNING STREET MAKES IT
ICIAL
THAT CHURCHILL HAS QUIT.
&#39;
~

THE MAGNIFICENT OLD MAN, UEIGHTED BY THE

8O
YEARS
OF
A LIFE THAT
HELPED
MOULD
AN EMPIRE AND FASHION THE
SHAPE
OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION,
DROVE ALONE ON HIS LAST OFFICIAL TRIP TO BUCKINGHAM PALACEI

-_;
&#39;r

FOR CHURCHILL
MATCHED

IT

AND EXCEEDED

HAS THE WINTER

OF A LIFETIME

OF ACHIEVEMENT

BY FEW.

BUTTIME ANDAGECAMETOGETHER
AT h:3O P.M

.H. EST! ONTHIS

j>; ,A
92&#39;,.
1-. -4
i--

SELDOM

WARMAND TRANQUIL DAY IN SPRING T0 BRING HIS

S
HE QUIT QUIETLY AND WITH SADNESS AT THE END

P TO AN END.
AL 2h HOURS AS

.
O

RIME MINISTER THAT WERE FILLED UITH DEEP EHOTION A

ICH AFFECTION.

4/5--EGIIMLA

M4
55&#39;%-_/1
,
3%
wnaaanza
QE
3-33
AP|.
11 1955

,o

Mr. Tolson

.20

l.__

Mr. Boardman _.._

Mr. Nichols __._
Mr. Belmont __._
Mr. Harbo ___..

M .
Hr.
Mr.
Mr.
Mr.

-5%
,1
12
I

4.,.
.. ,

;1
us
.,-

Mob! _..__Parsons _..__

Roscn _..__.
Tamm ___.
Sizoo _______

Mr. Winterrowd ..
Tele. Room _..__
Mr. Holloman _._

-1

MissGandy_._.

_,_4 ;_Q
r -:

_.P,

.14-I
-&#39;...:

kiwi
_.-1-J L
1
._. -.- -.

ADDCHURCHLL,LONBQN

THE
GRAND
OLD
MAN
OF
EMPIRE
OFFIC
I
I USIR
WINSTON
cHURCHILL,
RESIGNED
AS PRIMEMINISTEROF GREATBRITAIN
I

AY

&#39;

4/5--G1235P

..Vix
;-=

%&#39;
rs-,~

5
,&#39;:..l.
,_
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. -.*:"-*
&#39;2.
&#39; 1
-.1-.~

"iii?

t;

r.5~.;&#39;~_
7:

WASHINGTON CITY NEWS SERVICE

F92

e--

92
K

92_..E
92

-0

-.

- {mo

Mr. Tolson
E___Mr. Boardman
__
Mr. Nichols
._Mr.Bc1monr___~
Mr. Harbo
_. __

Mr. Mob: _._Mr. Parsons

_.__
Mr. Rosen __Mr. Tamm ___-

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Q7, By
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days before

just

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give

fascinating rev-

elations regard

_e

lng theNo.. 15

political head-if
a c he

! emai_n- if-- l

Worryabout
Berlin
on March
28, 1945,
as
the Russianarmy,

The sec%1telegrarns
sent
raced west
to Pres-

by Winsto
ident Roosevelt

through Poland

and as the American army

raced north

from the

Noting that

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Rhine.
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men-

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"without previously

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log inWestern ._;&#39;-;J-,
Air Chief
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or

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to the

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7If

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American
com-

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graphic warning

to
Ike.

of
It

manders
headNot content
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ed by
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l
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hower, had fo1- Pearson
y
Churchill followed
it up next
-lowed Churchi1l s
stern, a1- "iweall thought
that um
day, April
1, with atelegram
- most peremtory, warnings,
the
went beyond
the limits
of direct to
,United States
would not
now
negotiation with
the Soviets He said
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_..I-.a_r_x...a_......._
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by the
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years
15
thenor
after
war,

President Roosevelt.
he had no desire to

lower the prestige of Gen.

*.!*3.&#39;"s=1=.&#39;*-".
. 4 -I . .Eisenhower in
his relations
would we have had to operate
W113! IIBCI
i&ITl1ECl.
UD&#39;|.lI&#39;C a vast airlift to
save Berlin, ill was Eisenhower : plan to with the
Russians. But,
he
or almost go
to
war with Rus- shift the American army&#39;s
continued: g
&#39; in-|-u-u-|| n- I-an-|ur=1-l
isia over Berlin in the summer drive away
NOT RECORDED
from Berlin
to
"Alli we sought wasa little,
in: 1901.
Leipzig and Dresden.
175
FEB 2 1955
time to
consider the
far-.
American military
stratedesired by
gists have complained, with Churchill Worries
1reachlng changes
_?c-.1-__---ti
5 - "9 justice, that Churchill&#39;s}
Gen. Eisenhower in the plans
Three days later, Churchill
stubbornness against across- became more
alarmed.
On
had been concerted by
-channel front and his reluc- March 31, he sent Eisenhower that
the combined
Chiefs of Staif
tance to let Field
Mgf hal another telegram.
-.
at Yslta and had received,
Montsomery close_
the pin- If we
deliberately leave
your and my formal approval.]
cers on
the German
arm

Berlin to Lhezn the Ru-ss1ws!,"

The BritishChiefs of
Sta|
he warned, "even if it should were naturally
concerned at a
P1 l118Bd the
war. However,be inour
grasp, the
double procedure which
apparently
the secretwartime gelegnms
event may
strengthen their
leit the to:-tunes 0!the British
show that on political
already
apparent, army, which,
though only
a
"mes? regardingBerlin, theconviction,
they
have done
every- third of
yours. till
amounts
old British war horse was asthat
thing. Further,
Ido
not con- to
over
amillion
men, to be
right as rain.
sider mysetf
that Berlin
has settled without
the slightest
Yet lost
its military
signi - reference to British authority.
cance and
certainly not
its They also do not understand
from Gen,
Eisenhower&#39;s
message [to Stalin! what
was
actually intended
. . ."
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The Washington
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Herold
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i_The Evening Star
New York Herald Tribune -i--~
New York Juurncri-AmefiCun.,ii
New York Daily News
New York Post
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51
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&#39;;.;A1Jril5:
&#39;
i

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dead.
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days
later, the American Army
reached Potsdam, the suburbs
of Berlin, then withdrew -to
the River Elbe, in conformity

with Eisenh owerprevious

s

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commitment to Stalin.

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tar; of the Napy Franklin .D.,

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"genthestubborn
Frenchman
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issue statementsanswering

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of

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The Washington Post and

Times Herald
The Washington Dolly News ____
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phce._1I>,"
he
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curtains
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French,
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better
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dist.ors.~
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hchgc can- st.&#39;2
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Churchill
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us
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.
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and Mr
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- photo taken with Gen. Henri
kept busy trucking back and
:7.
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United
States
no-.
lot
erf
The Worker i,______._.__..._._.___,_,_
forth
between
the
Senate
and
EG-iraud,
of theFrench
in North
. &#39;.&#39;92=
inamn-anonfor the Presidentthe White House, and he is
The New Leader i___i.._._.__._._.._._
,A.frica.
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and
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Date _____.____.____.____li._
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the}
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Churchill

Roosevelt, painted in
Johnson
told
a
friend the.Mr.
not only agreed
1945 shorthr before he died,
r&#39;_
justlean tohangonhlswall. __
.4
;with Secretary of State Cor- other day.&#39;,"_Bu_t
the
hack
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the
i
ite
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dell Hull when
he
referredto

5:?

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.::-&#39;_.=.-

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hardest
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"Jimmy George Robinson,

the man who poked the Rev.

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

__&#39;"
elf
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5.

_
.,&#39;,1

the other day at Selma, Ala.,

is not
a
Birmingham boy as
he told the newspapers, but a
Texan who has been operating
a
bicycle shop_on Route
67 outside Garland, &#39;I ex.,
-where
he has gained
local
notoriety as a right-wing
rabble-rouser.
A year ago, he wan arrested

for planting a

aming cross

on the lawn oi Jack Oran of

Richardson, Tex,
who had

spoken to Kiwanis and Rotary groups on the similariF.-,&#39;.,.-..

. _.

e ties between American rightwingers and _the

German

_ Nazis.
~

Jr

Robinson was fined $25 for

violating a fire ordinance.

- .4_. ___
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FA
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gt Classified Maps
1 Movie maker George Sea-

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ton needed a 1944 battle map

iof France for his World War

i 11 spy thriller, "as Hours.

but both the French Embassy
and the Pentagon solemnly
insisted that the old map:
were "classified."

L Seatonturned for help to

i&#39;_-;~&#39;,&#39;.=_.
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1 until he threatenedcall
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maps. Then the

reluctantly

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produced them.

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=~-

a/7

Mr.0.
92l13l<1
T

1 Mr.1
~.Mr. Feit ____-.__.
Mr.

_,__.--"""&#39;-

14th December,

?i. =e-wt
,___
_____

Gale

1966. M,

__
____.. 5
SulE&#39;rvan._
Mr.Rrisan
Tavai
Mr.Tr-~1.0r.
._._...

_
_.__.-.:_-&#39;.r-=-&#39;;*

.-j~3Y &#39; i

&#39; 1.l

._ ...--I,

Dear Sir,

.-.,

Tele.
R00l&#39;I1__-..
Miss Iiulme-s.._.

QMiss

Tols0n..__..

Mr.kLnac
It .

;.=mdy__

"The Eightieth
BirthdaytoTribute
Sir
Winston Churchill"
is
apictori4&#3

.~ nn- W

anthology his
of life,
specially commissioned
by . .:s&#39;iam:ly
ta commemorate
the occasion. Due to the extensiveresearch involved, the
work

..Ti

.1 J-_&#39; ,|
&#39; s

;,_
_.- -_.&#39;
J.
~-.--.
._.
4- |.&#39;.

_.-.-.-. 924l.4.

Ij

was not

completed until
some three
months after
the event.The original
printedsheets
only thenbeing ofhistoric importance,
were placed
in theArchives of
Beaulieu
Palace, where
they have
since
remained.
_
After Churchill&#39;s
death, LordMontagu ofbeaulieu, akinsman ofSir
Winston, decided
to releasethese sheets
,000 sets in all!
and issue them

exactly as
was originally
intended in
beautifully handbound
leather volumes.
Each copy
is numbered
and individually
inscribed with
the owner&#39;s
name. The
book contains
some 220
pages and
400 photographs
with descriptivecaptions,

l
I

qr- uuu-u-Q
Iv
>.2-._
.
.1
.._._,
"1&#39;_"sv
- 9

and includesa Forwardby

Randolph Churchill and a replica at Sir Winston&#39;s

signature imprinted
in gold leaf onthe cover. They,
are
sale at $100 percopy.

._ -

.5
,.

The profitsreceived byLord Montagu

will be donated on
behalf ofeach

display inthe Library

at Beaulieu
Palace and
an
exact replica willbe donated
to Fulton.

care tosubscribe, piease

indicate your
name {or
name of

92I -

recipient! exactlyas you

would like it to appearin your
book.
Remittance
should bemade payable
with
order
to: TheHeritage Collection.
&#39;
""*e
h
I In-r|..r t|O
IIGY
for your consideratio

"EM

42.? 45176.,

17
""- &#39;*&#39
&#3

rof your earlyreply andthank youin advance

matter. 8

EX-LL.4
e truly,
sU , OQMTHNFTDT
Yours
E e AN
10 1967
.-

&#39;
-

!5.LLlNF0l.92"-..li
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SECTION

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The follo-.:
inform-"tier.
ln_.r; co:2cerz:1:;g
been
tas
:.v:=.ilEl d
an official
of the Ford Rotor Coczpeny n_ tro
,c
gen:
U

ehle by

_ On

February
194;,
8, on
vho
said lives
he in
ashso nae an egr cultural economist, per-

-&#39; _ lugton,D. C., and described

,. *-l.&#39;

eonally called at

the Ford Ha
tor

Hovemcnt epac

w - an
--

Company at Detroit for

an interv

f&#39;
=M revealed
Uponthat
being
l_Ii1_-l
&#39;Yia&#39;:nd
oiiiclel
of
the Ford
llotor eve;
Company,
e.
one of the =.=. ~. - -&#39;haw
the
-M H155

Rankin, former Congresswoman,hm

I

. He-at
=

-&#39;-v
--

Jeanette -

-&#39;~ em!"-r-1
-= oi one - "

fylerlent, Ire.
Ann P.
n. mm-.
of Ieehington,
-n. c.

_"

dentlfled
A92b,|&#3

as ayoung Ar-arisen :_ or.=e:-lyemieleyed at the A=e._-...... 2" *1 -t

T~&#39;-&#39;1-who
convicted
was
19!!
for
in
eepioizege
Jiritieh
by
eut.horitioe
_ _V
added, however, that he hm . learned from ire. Kent that young K.
_

- actually been "reilrooded" inasmuch as young Kent, through his IOI k!!&#39;~1&#39;. the
~*
1Qebeeav,
had cone into possession of coaiee
of up; xieately
one thousand =-1~92
.
. 3&#39;
-

" Churchill.
Accoruing t 1ese
oehlegrane
Russia
end
ridiculed
cehlegzmne eeid
Stalin in

to have

the extreme

ged between Freelcient I-Iooeerelt

and carr

_Roosevelt and an-. Churchill ooild

92
..-e

4-

"92

world". Allegedly

had not attained the

epir.-.c;r

lending

ed out the general

the ceblegrruas,

up
to

position of

work together ,

these thetii

end Er.

Iir.

they could
rule

the

--

exchanged ct ca time when 11: . Churchill 92-

Prime Hinister,

ehowedestudied

Am-:rice&#39;e participation in the

eon-

vmr. ;.

Acco
om;
Kent mirreptitiouely
copies
removed
of
cable roxe
___e __obeee;-"rslilac and
later sent.
them to Premier
_1 Premier
5te1in.mteted
that
in Churchill
Ii.-BI
ofandthe
contents
theofandcehlegrane
2:
really
knows
Hr.
Hr. Roosevelt
has never
&#3
Q. theee

1been friendly with

then. British
author-it re &#39;1;very
boon:-o
&#39;.
"l
enxioue

over the

situation
. and _1-dinncco

E to re.ilro..aed

F&#39;
" lien t

seat of
copies
the
ceblegreme
some
toga
individual
unnamed
be ?
- t

92
..._
_..._ _._
..... ..
H
I511 G
pl zmgi U ..aavlutl
p

Q
EGFEVG
But:-vvu

used to eeterreee the President. These

the bends

of aveto

allegations, made

detective in

the point

main

hid 36%

copies are noi supposed to be in

New York

that the

City, and

in relating

developments outlined

these

above"

took place
dufii 0,
e19
that
is,prior
to theB g5o"
anib15
Russian
391Ge
_"

&#39;1
,
A

. Er
S."

~t

the
92

although
hewas
initially
introduced
tothis
mf
1&#39;n&#39;
speaking of his motives m this matter

Peace E01 Hovement,

he

thestatement
thathe
is

poreonally is n t 3 pacifist.

. fr!

=2.-H:
&#39;
BI

that _.

B BVBT,

made

lb

violentlyagainst
this government,
buthelater bx

clarified this as;-ertion by saying; that he

is
"violently against the liei
Deal". He stated he
would
willingly boar axutus
in
the defonoo of thil
country if, for example, the conditions of 1776 were to recur" but
indi.
catcd he thinks the present war
is
not one of defense
in
so far as Amorica.
is

.. .

concerned,

Toward
the
and
or
the
inzerviewpmtaa
that
rm.Kent
1 not
50,000
in
order
o
secureecoeseto the copiesof the
./&#39;

92

attemptingto
raise

,1

cablagrams
in

;_,

question and thereby "exposo this deplorable affair -

cordingto the interviewingofficial

It

the FordRotorCompany ,

wasrathersubtlest this point,andalthough

be
did

-bq

notdirect

funds, he suggestod that the Ford Hotor_Goo:pa.n,y

might be interested
in

contributing the "paltry" mm or $15,000 to s fond, the purposeof which

_would

be to soon-e the cablegrams ;g1_t:m1e_b;yexpose this entire alleged

situation.
In!&#39;92u~ther
oxplanat-i:
Iported1;r
asserted
um.
"the
cote of Tyler Kent was the most
ra
0
pprosch to attacking the

character and good

faith

of the P:-esident and that he thought the Ford

-

Rotor Companymight be interested

in

&#39;

helping to sxpoee this one.

InanaIe loVerture
the
official
ofthe
Ford
Iotor
Compan
re-1

portedly
told

situation of

hat the Ford companywas not interested

in

any

s ypewhichras "nextdoorto blackmail .

~,

,g

&#39;_
L&#39

I
_ s

1
ijf

Other

_&#39;

1
-

information

has been received

to

Peace HowMovement
are varymob interested
in
_

--

opinion that Kent was unjustifisbly

the

effect

that

the

leaders

convicted.

the

Reportedly someof the loaders of the

organisation feel that 1! they can "expose"tho Kent-ease shovingthat Ir.

Churchill

and Br. Roosevelt,conspiredto cane the "wax-1&#39;,

s&#39;
great booncan be gained in behalf c

of the pscifist movement,

eventuallyresulting
in
the sources of information
in

this matter
it

s negotiatedpeace. looordingto _b&#3

appears th/at the Peace low Remnant

!

the ryler loot ace is r_!efL&#39;J.tc1y

tb.-stor -==-rm-+-1.~.g
pe im

in
intereet

-:41:

thematter
eceme
tobepersonal
12151511
icals
&#39;
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.. 3 ..

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of

the ryler Kant case and are of the

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The convictionof Kentapparentlyoccasioned

somecomment
in"the&#39;1- itinh

Parliamentand
in

this connection
there
is

attachedhereto1 copyor an article

om-o

&#39;ti.mos-Harald".
Itis noted
m ; o o ch].ofrepo;&#39;ted
in
possess
oi
I b
copy
of this articleanddisplay
thoFordllotortompugy
during
corning the mttar which
eppoe

&#39;19h1
edition-or tho Euhin at
= on

the
oouroo of theinterview
recounted
previously
to thismemorandum
"--", I _ ;?I;&#39
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lttadmant
&#39;

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TRUE COP!

&#39;

&#39;

Times-Herald

ashington,

D. 0.,

Fovember 12,&#39;l94l

COEHQ "AIE CBEC ILL CABLE

T0 ROOSEVELT
-

Hesseges Exchenged Behind Chamberlain&#39;s

Back, .
it .P .
By Arthur

huges
Sears I-lenning

Questions
in
the British house oi Conan: yesterday regarding -,7-;_92
Iinston Churchill&#39;s
ceblegrems to President Roosevelt behind the beck 0! .Priee !___.1
I-&#39;-let-er
Qb.e;ber1e.i:.92
brought $_n_t-o
the opal. e sub}eet or an.-ehshieper
ing
in

official

circles

here.

.
.

The question put to the government

in
the House of OozmonaIan IQ &#39;
whether a British subject who sent telegrams to Ir. Roosevelt and thereby .
eroded the censorship

had been prosecuted.

Ihne the reference

to conmmioations sent to the President by Ir.

was First
Lord

of the Admiralty
in

was ooniined

who at the tine , 5

Churchill,

the Chamberlain cabinet.

-

Ho Information on Sghiggt
The understanding here
is
Churchill

to llr.

Roosevelt

that not only ceblegrens from Ir.

behind Chamberlain&#39;s
heck but frm

Ir.

Roosevelt

to Ir. Churchill are inYol&#39;7ed.

The Iihite House
in
response to an inquiry
.
yesterday professed to have no information on the sub; act.
. .
,,
The correspondence
is

supposed to have related

to Britioh

and

f .

lnerican policy regarding the D11"Openn

war. bong the questions touched
&#39;
-j 92

upon ere said to have been

e
more vigorous prosecution of the nu: than had .
been achieved
by
Ir. Chamberlain and the possibilities
of the United States
taking

am active

part
in

support of Great Britain.

._

. .. -r -&#39;

According to one version, the device of the lend lease legislation

for circumventing the United States neutrality law and the Johnson Lot for-_
J

bidding extension oi credit to Britain

as e Iar debt defaulter
was diseuased
in this secret correspondence between the lune:-ioen President and the Britilh

navyheed.
r

ALL
INFORMATION
corsrzmn
*
._92c;i
e!.neLnSS-;F|EJ
1;
-

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F . ,92F ,l_

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1 DATE_ - Il3L
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EHCLOSUR

Z2-[9!/f92,y__?
in

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if

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[eased Through Qgbeggl

Disclosure of the text of
the
cablegr-one would establish whether
Hr. Churchill
invited or Hr. Roosevelt made any commitments of the United
States Government to e policy of aiding Britain
that was not contenplz-. ted by
existing United States law.
From the

permitting,
1

France,
mtg

outbreak

of the

war the

President

had bee

Under

fire

for

American Ambassadorto

if not encouraging, William C. Bullitt,

and other lnericen diplomats to encourage France and Poland to get . .

!5_r n10:-en!
can Ar .1579 nan l9292nn:921-v-_
i
-&#39;
"
&#39;_-;"&#39;7
lpnwnenwvw $0 Iellve-l-vile; wuerlrua IO
_
__ _L: &#39;
_ J T .-

The correspomienoe
betweenIr. Churchill and the PresidentpassedLY;
through the Americanmbeasy in London. Tyler Kent, e younghericen ee-

played
as e clerkin theeebeesy,
nodeeopiee
of theChurchill
endRoosevelt
>r ;-"Q
92?>
ceblegrema
andshoved
theatgy ept.
Archibald
Ramsey,
e nelborof the House
/

of- Connons.

/&#3

A
.-

5
92.

7 *1! Traced to

rent

therefore ear. traced to young Kent.

zmd American

governments

for

this

breech

&#39;
--|
.

501-_

aoon became known and the responsi-

The leak of the correspondence

bility

of

The vengemce of the Britieh

&#39;
trust

Iee

nrif

t end certain.,_
.

JosephP. Kennedy,than AmericanAmbassador

to Great Britain,
elm-god Kent, end the British
of espionage.

a trial.

After

governnent imodiately

Kent had been held in jail

for

"&#39;

arrested hie on chm-gee

tone time he was given
&#39;

-f

Theespionagechargesfell flat, but he finally lea convictedof -_&#39;_

larceny oz governmentdocumentsand sentencedto eeven years in pnion, inerej &#39;

~
he not 18-

_ ..;

,f_f

CaptainBemaay,
whohadbeensheenor given copieaof the corre--e&#39;H&#

apondence,was placed under detention under the Dofenaeof the

Morrison : Answer

,=

1 i , *1

Ihc question see

hrght

lot. &#39;_
-,_,__~ "

7% d ~&#39;*

"J

:-_

"._

r-

np Q Goezeone
greeterdegrby 121..-curdL

;i&#39;
e-

Stokes, a. Leborite whois e bitter opponentof 1 rieelinister Churchill.

&#39;
Answeringthe question, HomeSecretary Earhart Iorrieon said:
_

92

- _-

.-

:7 _

LA

4;.-,1
,2?
-3

-_.:,_._-:1

"Io informationcan properlybe given out about confidential

aente which Iere extracted from the Llorioen hboa y, but Ihatofor lag h l ;&#39;.l&#3
been the nature of the doculaentain question they do not provide the 1"- .
slightest fcmndeti-znfor the Suggestionthat someone
has been guilty
- _ ,
evading the censorshipor contravening the defense regulations.
2

&#39;,
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1 55>V- &#39;"5.&#39
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1_
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John !cGoveru, independent Laborite,

than said:

Cannotthe hone secretary sag whether any of these cablegrmnaor

&#39;

messages
were sent.by tbs primesinister bah.1.n_d_
the backof the than prim
ninister fflhanabarlain!?
. ;. _

1~
E
.r_

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add
92

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H-ajor General Edwin H. Watson

&#39;
Secretory

to the President

The Fhite

House

Washington, D.
&#39; F
IQ

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C.

Dear General

Platoon:

etteehing e nenorandlm eetting forth certs.

oeutl eeeived by this Bureaujhich indicates

that one

d-X

J7 _ "

end other
persona
attempting
eresecure
to
emu
large
use-d inloom-ing copieeof
alleged o_g,b}egrena said
to

PT
>1,;

1 be

have Been
exchimged between
58 President
enriir. Oiuzrehill. .

. i- ~

These elleged cablegframa aresaid to relate to the eonlled Tyler Kent espionagecase in England ind reportedly the

J!I

persona interestedin this endeevor intendin exposing the oa blegzrazu toeeberresa thePresident andbring aboutesituation

Q >

1,4

favoring e

.92
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92X
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negotiated peace.

92!
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.

Ithought this info:-nation should be brought to your atten-

tion ea of possible interest to the President. No actionrelative

to the matter is contemplated bythin Bureau at this time, but in

the event further information of pertinence is received, it I111,
of course, be immediately relayed to yon.
Iith essurencee

r
~

of my
highest

regards,
r

Sincerely yeure,

Hoover

92
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Mr._

Harbo__i__,_
Mr. Hendonif
Mr. Mumford

lnformation hasrecentl been received

in connection wi
fi Mr.

Starks,

&#39;I I~1E"&#39;13a[ERICA
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_ !f_3_.f: withput
;rp_pr__justi_f;1.cati9n. efforts
These relate;
&#39;
92
effort - _ *3

fend throughthe publicationof thesereported sablegrams

_to discreditthe
war

-92_ and
thereby cause a negotiated peace. In view oi the ranii cations
involved, gjgilg
ie9_I. *2*.eti.qe...1z11~.2b_Ie_ei3=esn.s;e.ee_ive<1
the
Bureau
in
by
this
regard
is
&#39;$B1=
in
ferthe
;
*7
7 7:
7~ ?
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i

&#39;92
F

oowing paragraphs. A

--

K
;&#39;
himself as an agricultural
~

81>parently

1&#
4

-.

. 92_

February 8, 191111, one

l 92
p. j On
Y

Washington and descri,bes._

t

leaders of
1ex Ccngresswoman,

the Fbrd Company for_.*

!Qrevealed
em
to be formerly

arranged

H.
Pzhent
oi Washington,
D.
C en ed Ken
-111
by191:0
British
authorities
espiomge.
for
atm,that
howeve
had
he
is Hrs

Ias a

had introduced

young American formerly emplo ed at the

ass;

learned from

Hrs. Kent

&#39; -to
the mother

1*

that young

Kent had ac

who was convicts *&#

_en

railroaded inasmuch

as
young

i &#39

Kent, through his work at the Embassy, hadcome into the_posse&#39;ssion

copies
of of X
approximately 1,000

Allegedly these

cablegrams exchanged between the President and

cablegrams ridiculed

Russia and Stalin in

Hr. Churchill.

the extreme and carry out

rld . "
general. theme that if
Mr. Roosevelt and Churchill
work together
"they can rule the
Furthermor , the cablegrams reportedly show a studied conspiracy leading
u to
l92.mI&#39;i
.P
3-&#39;

I
A
I

m the
war without
proper justification.
Keeeenbv
11.
.-."
,,-"~-_,""
,92s;>;;>
n
_1n~</e
8.11%
9/
i that

-"Pi-&#39;H%
been friendly

F9 . Q7:

np"f"?--

""="=.}- !1 - _

I pi

hemorandxim for

hr. E.

92

A. Iamm

of someprivate detective in New York City.

This
the other

developments outlined

conviction took place in 19110, and

above reportedly

happened shortly

the breach
in Germanrelationsgk
Ih1ssian
-Ian

thereafter prior

to

also mentionedthat Hrs. Kent hadsent a radio commentator,

named 575

Ros .

e, to

London to look into

the entire

Kent case.

Reportedly l.1cFarl ane 0

I has
"established"
Kent
that
railroaded
was
that
and
his
conviction
notwas
justifiable
Reportedly he

has since

cone hack to the

count:-y and has made his ndings

available

to
Senators
Nye, Wheeler, Reynolds and Shipstead. However, 1.cFarlaneis
said
to feel
- that
his physical safety iin
uestion and, therefore, h_ i _r,92o_ t-rinolined
0 make his

ndings public.
1 r-aaa="7rfT1 - if" i $ &#39;f&#39;"";1F""-SrI;/11_,&#39;~_1&#39;_/-~;
.ot:_4,.
4&#39;
_<
-

:I

Q-

In talking

;. &#39;

introduced to

&#39;~

a. pacifist.

__ -_

further made

current Administration
is not

that although

he was

Now Movement he personally

However, he

> i &#39;_present irar

;; =

it clear

this matter

clear that

he is

bitterly opposed

is not

to the

and apparently he feels that America&#39;s

involvement in-.

__*]ustii iable.92L_

the

o$50,000
At
the
and
of the
mtem tated
thatHrs. Kent
is now
attemptin
in order to secure
sthe
copies of
uestion

_ . and thereby
"expose
deplorable
this According
affair." w msrathe
to
raise

1Ford

QL1

subtle at

this point

and although

Company mightbe
interested

the purpose

, alleged

of which

situation.

would be
to

he did

not really

in contributing
secure the

solicit s,

e sugges ed that

the "paltry"

cablegrams and

sum oi $15,000 to
a
thereby expose

the _

fund,

92

this entire

tea thatne gav eno

yp

encouragement vmatsoever
and tore
&#39;

was toofblackmi1.
discusse
57
the
Ford Comp
IFstructed
0thereafter
a copy
that
ot&#39;ait
memo
um
Q

&#39; wro

ble to

as having
1
F

As

no part

mereafte de

.-1 ,

at Detroit

in order

that the

situation of

this t

Ford Company

uld

go
on

record

p1an924,

to
the

cording
or aperi

E c>d_n.f
the Ford

the FBI

in this

n any

this entireaffair, it is notedy

to
who

t over

an appointment

Comp -

this discussion

ted tba 5

with

interested

be
intervilewred 5&#39;
an
official
.bl

&#39;
>

&#39;
i
i

Y2

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Eiemoranchzm for

Er. E.

A. Tamm

&#39;

_s

.J7 ._

&#39; Relativeto the

Peace Now Movement, itis

noted that

in connection

with the

-"

imresiigation previously
information has been received from time to time that the leaders"
of the group are very much interested in
the
Tyler Kent
case
and are of the opinion that
Kent was unjustifiably convicted.

"expose" showing that this

They apparently

believe that

if they

was the case and that Mr. Churchill and

&#39;
&#39;
&#39;
"""" E"great
cause
tne&#39;
war

spires to

&#39;oe gained
in
behs.1:iif * "cifist movement,

been
can

eventually resulting
in anegotiatedpeace. Incontrast to

&#39;

matter which seems

to

be entirely

can make an

Hr. Roosevelt "con- 92_

t_-,s

political,

itde aitelya

movement&#39;s is
interest
that of promoting
paci sm.

__

interestin
the

tthePeace No
.

.
"

1
a .

&#39;9

92

,_

I emorandum
for lit
E. .

A. Ta..&#39;:1I:|

I
|

&#39;

the
allegations
d
lirs.
Kent
that
young
Kent
was
"railroaded"
for
political reasons,
0
ed
that
an article
which
appearedin the November12, 19141,
Although nothtn

appears in the Bureau&#39;s

files

tending

edition of the Washington Times-Herald states that at

about
discussion
was engaged in in the British
Parliament relative

article
5;,
&#39;
F
if
1;
&#39;1

indicates

to substantiate

that time a heated

&#39;
to the Kent case.

This

that somemembersof the Parliament asserted that the Kent case had

definitely
shown that Hr IE Churchill
had
one "behind the
Chamberlain" in communicating with Mr. Roosevelt
was furnished
Embassy. A copy of this article
hereto for
your
information.
Mr. Baez-manalso

Rankir s speech made before the

House

back of Prime 1-finister

.
at the American

is attached jg-K
a copy of Miss .-

of Representatives

8,

au&#39;s
files
are
reflective
ofno
hformation
which
can
beidentifie
H_1
b1 _

with

ACTION:

A5 indicated, the above-set-forth data is brought to your attention for

no
specific
investigation
pertaining
tothe
efforts
o nreauin connec .&#3
of thetypeoutlined
above
d
theBureau.
with
itsinvestigation
0 and
the
Peace
Now
Movement,
will "b
informative
and

S6
u
92

purposes.
.
.

probably receive addition

in orma

continue their activity toward

ooutsi

This information
is not being disseminat
.

ncerning this matter if

a en

these individuals

"

an issue of the so-called Tyler Kent case &#39;

andin thateventanyfurtherdataof significance

will
immediately
bebrought
to

your attention.

&#39;

Respe ctfully,

D. d. 92

Attachment

92

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Mr.

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92-in

HOUSE OFREPRESENTATIVES

Tuesday, December 8, 1942

&#39; Miss
RANKIN of
lidontana. Mr.
Speaker, we have been
at
war a year.
During that
time the American people
have had abundant opportunity
to take
stoci. of the Nation&#39;s
situation and
to

raise alarge number of pertinent ques-

_ .

, ~-

.,i

..

92

ists? no

book,Pr0D&E&!1d inthe Hm

War, published in London in 1938 as one

friend of

the President-make
revelation:
&#39;

the lol-

[Qwing signi cant

oi!___a series__oi
books on
The _l:iext&#39;_V_V_a
r
When they

=nmanams

&#39;
IN
THE

li"r92 .

PROCEEDINGS
DEBATES
mp
trna
or 77" coivsasss,
SECOND SESSIO

America

NaAlli?n@.@L.

,,-, _ .

l oDi.TE4;i4r1_Bv

&#39; -

some Queshons
About
Pearl

_,

is UiiCLASS%FlED

United States

_of

ALL iiiF@i@i.5fiii"-i
C-. j! %TAIi !

~HEi%Eli

tions, not out of any spirit oi disunity

1 but in-a rm belief that the Nation&#39;s
welfare requires a-vigilant
exercise oi the
traditional American
right
oi free inquiry.
- &#39;
As a Member
-ex
Congress who voted
-against the declaration oi
war on December 8, 1941,
I
wish to take advantage
of this
anniversary occasion
to insert
r
Into the Riconp a number of historically
signi cant documents
bearing upon the
_
hitherto obscure antecedents of the Pearl

Harbor attack and to raise afew ques-

_
edited by me Well-lI10w&#39;I1,Wl&#39;ltcr,
Uapu.
Liddell Hart,
was
banned from eXp01&#39;t &#39;10
President Roosevelt and Prime MinAmerica by
th" British
cens0rshiP in
ister_Chu.rchiiJ .
_
man...4.eo &#39;
~ e
r&#39;
met in sNewioundiand night tor the Atlantic
the Library
oi Congress, however, and
GOD!
111108,
&#39; ;. l1i15!!
UEl.
c
pow reposes in
the
rare-book room.
On , issue head-on. He asked the President--as
page 148 Mr. Rogcrson makes this ad- 1 the British, Australians, andDutch repeatedly
mission as to the plans of the Britisnirni had besought fthia Government beiorc--to
perialists: _&#39;
.
_&#39;._: join in
an ultlmative declaration toiapan.
0 1
&#39;
!l o__ pei-auade
illi th;-_ "l
,;_:,&#39;_
Now, an ultimatum is aden-land ac!
The United Sta&#39;tes.}_,
&#39;-"
.
_&#39;. i- oompanied by
a
threats; It
-sets up ax to takeour partwill be muchmore dimcuit , dilemma: Do so and so-=01 else. In_

1ei4= &#39;

. 1 this case the-punitive alternatIve&#39; to&#39;be

so di lcult is to be unlikely to succeed.

J

will need a de nite threat to America a

threat, moreover. which -will have~to be
brought home by
propaganda to every citi.zen, beiorethe Republic will again WE? rms

o ered to Japan
was

shall see,-of
other words,

consist, as we -

an economicblockade-4-in
sanctions an admitted

provocation to&#39;_wa.r.
-

_- l

But of what demand was the_ultima- :

tum itself--the
rst horn oi the dilemma "
in an external quarrel. The position _will,~ to be o ered to J9-DP-11-to consist? And i
nnizuraiiyfoe considerablyeased it Japanwere W what evidence do we have that President involved andthis might and probablywould i Roosevelt actually accephed Mr.Church- &#39;
bunghllrncrlca in without-further ado. <At
ii1 s Atlantic
conference" request- that
any rote, it would be nnatural and obvious &#39;
such an
object or our prcpagandista
to
achieve &#39;-thin,
ii ultimatum be sent? _"_ .&#39; K1Just as during the Great War they succeeded 1
There seems to be excellerit&#39;_eviderice
in
embroiling
the United States with Ger;
that such
an ultimatum
was sent by
President Roosevelt,
No less an apologist for the aclministrati0n s foreigr polIn&#39;other_ words,
Byears before Pearl
icy than Mr. new
Luce, editor of -Time,
Harbor, Britain&#39;s
imperialists had gured
&#39;
out just how to bring the United States . Life, and Fortune, has admitted both
that President Roosevelt servedsuch an
once more to their aid. i . e .&#39;
But exactlyhow wasJapan tobe em-i ultimatum on Japan, and that it was the
-rebroiled Iwiththe
United States?
-There &#39;-sending-oi thisultimatum which
is no
better way of goading e nation into - suited in the Pearl Harbor attalck. Mr.
Luce alleges that the
ultimatum was
W5-I 1&#39;-11811.5?
imposing
sanci OHS.
,9$l>Bt -1&1-ii
the
ineconomic
case
oi_
nations
love for China, but
severe at" esentlal&#39; &#39;7&#39; iiiatei~1ar=~?*-eras"
" sent out of America&#39;s
.ina.smuclna.ai.t..wa.a.sen.t.a.t..MrChurah- i .-

tions or my own as to the meaning oi

certain activities
which led up to-that
attack.
Pearl Harbor was the greatest thunderbolt in American history. -It is proper
to inquire, indeed, whether any responsiii .
ble American source foresaw the Japa:..-._;
-,_ V_._
1
nese attack.
In this regard I wish to
i :
present the following remarkable
state-e-. .
ment, amounting
.to a prediction, irnm
-Hr
the Christian Century magazine or November 19, l941 3 weeks
prior to the
1ll&#39;s instigation
at a time when
Britain?
<1-|
,
deed, at
the
very time Mr. R-ogerson was
Japanese attack-page
1433: &#39;
desperately needed an ally in Europe as
writing
his
revealin
book,
the
phrase
P
It in no secret that the whole colonial
well as in the Orient and not at the bestructure of the white empires is threatening
echo from the League -&#39;_.i~lations&#39;ginning
threat of-the Sine-Japanese war, dinto fall apart I-mien we intervene Ln
Asia.
mg
whichaindeed
we continuallysent to
Many British leaders would
welcome
Ameriapan both oil and scrap iron, may not
Britain were
" oly to induce
can involvement with Japan. &#39; &#39;
&#39;.Bolips. If
he American
public wonder
whether
the thesis or Bldney Rogerson&#39;s pre-war
hock
_was the interests of- the British EmPropaganda in the Next War- 1.hst the
relations with Japan, w_ -&#39;_ -Zextremely.
surest way Britain can bring the United
ire in the Orient which were primarily
States to her aid will he to involve us in war
&#39;_
stake?
" Here
is Mr. Luce&#39;s historic
in
exchange
for silk and,a92ii;hui&#39;actures
with Japan is being validated by events.
drnission, as found in
Life
magazine tor
for the continuance of her cphdmiclife,
me
Show
the motive, and I ll show you
would not that su lce?
-1*
1 -lumen. 1942.Page so:
The Chinese, for whom the United States
the criminal,"
was afavorite
saying of
Is there any evidenceof el ,1! ci c
_had deliveredthe ultimatum that brought on
Sherlock Holmes.
Here we have an &#39;ap-_
occasion on which the B1&#39;1tishPearl Ha:-boi~
"_ "
parently well-de ned
motive and also a
ment sold this policy of econo
&#39;
.1 suggestion as to the intended method of
Japan to
the Rooseve
d- i Expected large lend-lease shipments,
realization.
&#39; tions against
i
and so iorth.
What does Mr. Roeerson, who isan
Just
what
was
the
wording
of
the
ulnal
of
July
1942,
page
_
,
in-an
_article_
English author, have to say specifically
timatum, then, since
its
existence is ad0 . 0 about the plans 0! the British lmi>1 1H-1- entitled "How War Came," Forrest Davis
mitted?
"
&#39;
and Ernest
K. Llnd1ey an
intimate

v. I 92

economic sanctlon.%-gniean
war" an

to Italy
in
1937-was
giiligh everybody&#39;s

the United
States
;i ommercial_
to
dependent
importrilfiggs
upon
materials

I.

ministration?
the In
LeHome
es Jour.1

Q
-_au
Q

.13 -i

!-- M

r tiny
-.

.--ii

92

N CONT!-92lNF"
i RH.HWO
1&#39;21:
.,U25"
In
l:.&#39;

L-.&#39;*.i&#39;.&#39;E?,
.-i3 ~&#39;?-"
CONGRESSIONAL
%3
aecoao
g
A perusal of the Department of State
bulletins covering the period from the
Atlantic Conference of August 12,
1941,
to the attack on Pearl Harbor,
December

1941, it becomes proper to &#39;

inquire,

lating to Japan-a brief

mention
oi repatriation of American and Japanese nationals in the bulletin of October 11,

prerogativeof securingtms data ircm

&#39;7,
1941, disclosesonly
a

singleitem re-

From whom are

these
statistics being
concealed?"
As a. Member of Congress,
I
was, of
course, able to exercise my congressional

Committee on July 24, 1941, as reported

in the Department of State Bulletin of
July 26,
1941,
page I2, and also in the
Saturday Evening Post of February 7,
1942, page 26: How,if we cut the oil ct ,they

an administrative department. Because

The Japanese-_ ,1,
of its allegedly con dential nature,
I
canprobably
would
have
gone
to
the
hum-5&#39;
last
1941, page 276 though this weekly not, how ever, re".aal it at this time.
Indies a year ago, and you would havebad
However,
a
perusal of other sources war.
;
journal of the State Departmentwasreplete with even trivialities regarding throws considerable light upon the exWhereupon,
immediately
afterthe Attent to which the Roosevelt administraother countries during this period,
thus
lantic Conference of 2 weeks later, Mr.
tion
invoked
economic
sanctions
against
indicating that the American people
Roosevelt proceededto invoke these selfJapan in the months between the Atlanwere not being folly informed as to the
acknowledged war-producing sanctions.
tic
Conference
and
the
attack
upon
Pearl
negotiationswith Japan. On December
Was it not strange that Mr. Roosevelt,
Harbor.
For
instance,
in
the
New
York
15,
1941, a week after Pearl Harbor, Preswho, by refusing for years to enforce the
Times
of
August
17,1941,
page
7,
we
read:
ident Roosevelt released
a
message to
Neutrality Act of 1936
to
prevent shipVice PresidentWa1.1.Ac!.
the chairmanCongresspurportingto coverthe negotiments oi war supplies to Japan lespitc
ations with Japan.
Of the Economic Defense Board
populardemand,had largelycontributed
While candid admission that any of
today confirmedreports that this groupwas
the communications sent Japan constialready working on projects tor exerting materials for the armament no ihein;
1&#39;
c--...~
hwto
Tfivnni-92 in r1 f. rnnrin H10 O--.-I, an - -.
use against our own roops,
a
ter
e
requirementmadeon September3, 1941,
In other words, in less than a week Atlantic Conference when an incident
that Japanacceptthe principleof "non- after the Atlantic Conference the mawith Japan seems to have been desired,
disturbance oi the status quo
in
the Pachinery of economicsanctionswas set- suddenly changed his policy and not only_O ,
ci c" as detailed in the Department of ting uhder
cut on war supplies but virtually every
way.
State Bulletin of December 20, 1941, page
thing requiredby the civilian population
Six weeks later the economic strin538, apparently constitutedthe E151.
of gencyin Japan had becomeacute,as
of Japan as well?
we
the Roosevelt administration&#39;s
demands. read in the New York Times of October
As
a
member of the President&#39;s
own
"This requirementwas the equivalent 24, 1941, page 36:
party, Congressman HATTOHW. Strmuzas,
to askingJapan to guaranteethe invinJapan : raw-material shortage has been of Texas, chairman of the House Judi- ._
latenessof the white empires in the aharplyaggravatedand her industrial activ- ciary Committee,remarkedin
a letter to .
disrupted
by
thecessation
of her the Saturday Evening Post, published in
Orient,of whichthe British E&#39;|;npi.1&#39;8
com- ity seriously
Prisedapproximately
90
percentin both trade with important foreign countries,the that periodical on April 4,1942, page 26:
area and population. The American Department0! Commercereportedtoday.
We have been a very foolish people,which
Ship movementsand trade betweenJapan has
madeit possiblefor
&#39; &#39;politicians
peoplewouldhave beengrati edhad and
the United States, the British Empire, to get away with murder. This blaming the I
President Roosevelt demanded assurand the NetherlandsIndies,it is pointedout. Pearl Harbor tragedyon the treacheryor the
.ance that Japan respectthe territorial have becomevirtually nonexistent,
&#39;
Japsis like the fellow who had beentickling
integrity of the Philippines,to whom
By December2, 1941--5 days before the hind leg or a mule trying to explain his
we had agreed to grant independence in
bunged-up condition by blaming the mule _
1946,but the Americanpublic may well Pearl Harbor--we read in the New York
tor havingviolatedhis con dence.
Times
of
that
date,
page
6:
wonder where President Roosevelt got
Japan
has
been
cut
oi!
from
about
75
perAstounding as the Pearl Harbor attack
the authority to conductour foreign afcent or her normal importsas a result oi the was to the American public as
a whole, if
fairs as if Congressdid not exist Allied blockade,the National Industrial Conto quote one of my colleagues-andto Ierence Board reported yesterday. In an it was anticipated by the administration
commit American lives, fortunes, and
analysisentitled "The E ects oi the Allied why did the President permit our forces
by
surprise?
prestigeto securinga guarantyfor BritEconomicBlockade on Japan." the Board at Pearl Harbor to be taken
ish and Dutch imperial interests in the
assertedthat despitethe drastic restrictions Even ifa Japanese attack was desired,
certainly no one desired
a
successful
imposedby that Governmentto stretch out
0rient irrespective
of the merits of
attack.
.
_&#39;
available supplies.the blockade may ultithose interests.
mately
provo
disastrous.
&#39;
&#39;
The answer seems to be that everyLater, more speci c guaranties were
"Premier Hldeki T010 of Japan dispatched thing possible was done to warn our
demanded of Japan as to China, Indothe Kurusu missionto Washingtonbecause forces at Pearl Harbor of the extreme
China, and so forth.
Japantoday is on the vergeof economiccollikelihood oi attack. According to the
Concurrently, Japan was presented lapse &#39;
&#39;&#39;,"
Contemporarychina, tortwith the other
horn
of the dilemma
nightly digestat the ChineseNews Service, report of the Roberts commission on the
3&#39;
facts of the Japanese attack on Pearl
hatched at the Atlantic conference;
Inc., stated yesterday.
Harbor, Admiral Kimmcl and Lieutenant
namely, economic sanctions of ever-1nA week before the attack on Pearl
General Short, who were in charge of
creesing severity.
HarborI asked8. prominentnon-Jap- the Hawaiian area. were sent repeated
What is the evidence that the Roose- anese oriental! r"
warnings by the War and Navy Departvelt administration, which had frozen
Is the sitt tion in the Pacinoas seriousas ments.
Japaneseassetsin this countryas early it appeara?*;"F
Thus we read in the text of the Robas July 25, 1941,rapidlyaccelerated
its
erts report, as given in Senate Document
economicstrangulation
of Japan fol?-

tosupplying
thatnation
with
$eraw

F.

92-

Yes- &#39;_.-

lowlng the Atlantic conference? _.;l

To securean aceiuate statisticalanswer,
I
appliedto boththe Departmentof

He rep{835-_

_ No.
159,

it isserious:--Japan
hasnochoice
butto go

pages6-9, and also in the New

York Times of January 25,

1942, page 30,
to war or
to submit to economicslaveryfor thatthe rest of her existence.
On October16, 1941.the commandinggenState and the Department of Commerce,
eral, Hawaiian department, and the comasking for month-by-month
gures on
mander in chief oi the eet were advisedby
American exports to Japan in
1941.
To
the War and Navy Departrnentsor
&#39; &#39;
&#39;
_onsmean war" at the time he appears the possibility
my surprise,
I
receivedfrom both Deor
an attack by Japan.
M
have
adopted
Mr.
Ch"..rch...i"
suggess
partmehtsan identicalresponse:BeAnother warning was sent on Novemcauseof a specialExecutiveorder. sta- tion to impose them as the punitive
1941.
tistics on trade with Japan beginning alternativefor his ultimatum to Japan? ber 24.
The Roberts report continues:
It is hard
to
see how he could have
with April
1941
are not
being
givenout."
On November:1, 1941, the cniehor Stat!
failed to realize this, inasmuch as he
Inasmuch as the Japanese certainly
of the Army informed the commandinggenhimself had made the following stateknow what they received in the way of
eral, Hawaiian department, that
&#39; &#39;
&#39;
goods
fromtheUnitedStatesthroughoutl ment to the Volunteer Participation

&#39;[le92question
remains,
DidPresident

l}0o$eve1t
realize
that economic
sanc-

.-s-=~
92&#39;-an

pa
4

M
1
hostilities on the part or Japan were mo
mental-ily possible. &#39; On the same
dayNovember 2&#39;7,
1941the Chiei of Naval Operationssent a message
to the commanderin chic! of the Paci c
Fleet, which statedin substancethat the dispatch was to be considereda war warn
ing
&#39; &#39;
&#39;
that Japan was expectedto
make an aggressivemove in the next Iew
0 days.
2 Additional Warnings were sent November 28, November 29, November 30,
December l, December 3, December -i. December 6, and December 7 the last
one
arriving in Hawaii arter the Japanese
onslaught had begun.
Thus, we see that for 2 weeks prior to
the Pearl Harbor
attack
almost daily
warnings had been sent, not to mention
less frequent precautionary dispatches
earlier. _What more could have been

t
7

-.

CONGRESSIONAL

RECORD

together,howeverlong it lasts till death or down anything we eaw in the airy and to
victory I cannot believe that there is any bomb anything we saw on the sea. In that
wn
ldhas
1.-"1-_
other Iact in the wholeworldwhich can com
.,..y, thorn
..__... nn
-o.....
.,., nc !nc92lI
...... 4-A
... 91-m
... .,,.,,.,
pare with that This is what I have dreamed
92
Could
such
orders
have
been
issued
by
oi, aimed at, and workedIor, and now it has
Vice Admiral Halsey except
by
speci c
come to pass
direction from the Commander in Chief,
r
A blunt acknowledgment, surely
namely, the President of the United
Has either Mr Churchill or Mr Roose
States?
A
velt ever 8.Cl{1&#39;i0W1E
that g8Cl
the Atlantic
In other words, ii Lieutenant Dickin-0
conference was the speci c occasion of
son&#39;s
account is true, did not the Presitheir efforts to get the United States into
dent at least 9 days before the Japanese
0
the war by embroiling us with Japan
attack on Pearl Harbor, without a decIt is hard to see what else the follaration of war, authorize an identical
lowing admission from Mr. Churchill&#39;s
attack upon the Japanese a.lso without
speech in Parliament, January 28, 1942a declaration oi war?
as reported in the New York Times of
Today approximately
1,000,000
Ameri
that date, page 10 can be called:
I1; has been the policy or the Cabinet at can boys are" ghting from three to
almost all coststo avoid embroilmentwith eight thousand miles away from home.
Japan until we were sure that the United The American people are willing to
States would also be engaged. &#39;
&#39;
&#39;
struggle for the four freedoms" but we
realize that we must retain them at home
the A a_ntic_c_on{ex;ence_.
a; which I discuss
it we are going to give them to others.
_G_..___.
done in i&#39;Try&#39;
of"wa.rn1l1g is&#39;liir
these matters with PresidentRoosevelt,that Exercising our traditional right oi Ire
to see. Indeed, do not the frequency,
the United States, even it not herself at&#39;
I
tacked, would comeinto the war in the Far speech and free inquiry, we are going to
urgency, the very wording oi these warnEast and thus make the nal victory assured. continue to ask and to seek answers to
U ings, indicate in themselves that the
seemedto allay someof theseanxieties,and all questions as they arise.
Pearl
Harbor
attack
came
as
no
surprise
92L-J-.
that expectationhas not beenfalsi edby the
When are we going to get the full story
whatever to the President?
events.
oi what happened at the Atlantic
ConWhy,
then,
were our forces taken unference? We aka tor it then and ask
T&#39;nis.wouid
seem to indicate that not
- I 4 4 awares ecember 7, 19-ii? Apparently
for
it
now.
.
only did President Roosevelt accede to
simply because a deep-rooted and tradiI,_:,
When President Roosevelt had so perChurcl1ill s pressure to send an ultimational sense of overcon dence insulated
tum to, and impose sanctions upon, sistently refused to enforce the Neutrality
"our Paci c commanders from taking
*4
1
Act against Japan when public opinion
Japan but made a blanket commitment
these warnings seriously.
de nitely demanded it, why did he so
to bring America into the war even if
Has Prime Minister Churchill ever adsuddenly change his policy at the AtlanJapan did not attack.
mitted attempting to get the United
I
tic Conference?
A very curious piece oi evidence apStates into this war?
i
peared in the Saturday Evening Post
of
A year ago, one of my congressional
Yes; quite frankly- s.i&#39;ter
we were in.
October 10, 1942, page 9. in an article
by
colleagues, having observed for months
Why was it that previously he said he
Lt. Clarence E. Dickinson, United States the adroitness with which President"
wanted only the "tools"? In February
Navy, entitled I Fly For Vengeance." Roosevelt had brought us ever closer to
1942, in a speech delivered before the
the brink oi war in the Atlantic only to
House of Commons in an effort to save Lieutenant Dickinson relates:
On this cruise we had sailed irom I- earl be continually frustrated in the nal
administration at the time of the fall
Harbor on November2B
step by a reluctant Congress, seeing fate
of Singapore, this boast was wrung from
F
U him- as reported in the New York Times
present the President on December I,
1941--
of February 16, 1942, page 6:
92.
under absolute war orders. Vice Admiral 1941, with a magni cent moral categoriWhen I survey and computethe powerof Wm. F. Halsey, J12,the commanderof the cal, right out oi the blue a casus belli
the United Statesand its vast resourcesand aircraft battle iorce, had given instructions beyond all criticism exclaimed in defeel that they are now
in
it with us, with
that the secrecyof our missionwas to be spair: What luck that man has!"
the British C-ommonwealihoi! Nations all protected at all costs. We were to shoot
But was it luck?
50329&#39;0 4-1-ll
I 92

Ontthe
other
hand,
theprobability
sing;

i
-.1,
1
:
1

-H

-r

&#39;1-

so
.1

-Q,
ll -9

92
I

I 92

nQ u

F .-

n,
&#39;

s-.&#39;_

&#39;

II IOUEIIIIIIIIlITl.II Ol&#39;PICI|
llll

.2-_&#39;:li,
J

92LI
.

..l92_~ <L
.-

92

1--&#39;
,.oosevelijs
Churchill
a.
.92 iiA
_Reprove.

1.
$-

,,_ ,

,Had

_______7_m.

______

ELI-

OM-~
&#39;
1&#39;

__

.9 .

the wife of any other President than Mr. Roose-

veit publicly
reproved the
which we were allied inwar,

head of agovernment
with
it would have beenlcertainiy

Coffey
Glavin

:2 nationaland probablyan internationalscantlai.

ii When

Mrs. Frankiin

Lad I

D1 Roosevelt

Mr

at a public press conference reproves

1/

Hidritish Prime Minister Winston

if-92Churchi11i
hardlyit surprises
Amer-

how itaffected

Mr
Mr

92l

around the

v:-.!rld aboard

bombers and

leaving a.

discretions in

her wake.

Mr
Mr

apparently

oGP

Rosco

&#39;

Tracy
Ii-lohr
Carson

Mumford
Jones

Quinn &#39;Tamm__
Miss Gandy
Nease &#39;

she was

elected co-President with

her

hus-

Mn; Franklin
D_ &#39;
band, orat
the least FirstAssistant it
Roosevelt .President.

-.

I iv

in;

because she feels that

Army

trail of

MrHarbo
MrHendon"&#

Roosevelt zipping

She does these things

. 9
&#39;

Mr

Britons. Americans

to Mrs.

Nic

Mr

_icah;though wedon t yet know

are used

{DC 1-e
gg

Mr

92

As amatter

of fact, she pl

=92

was never elected toany office.

_
This latest indisicretion of Mrs. Roosevelt&#39;s
was her

o;

Tuesday press

conference remark,

,/regarding Mr.

Churchill s friendly
attitude towarc}-Ii/Spain,
that Mr.

Churchill hasthought E certain wayrm-"so years,

and I

don t thinkhe wantsto change

the wayhe
has thought
for 60

years."

That is to say that Mr. Churchill is amarble-headed

old zfogy who had learned all he was destined ever to ;
learn by
the time he was nine years of age.

92

What had

irked Mrs.

Roosevelt was

1
:.

Mr. Ghurchill s

discussion of Spain s persistent neutrality in

his
Commons speech a few days ago. Mr. Churchill said in sub-

stance that

when
Britain

Franco had

neither seized

was on the hot

Gibraltar nor

spot
in

1941-42

let Hitler

send
l92

soldiers through Spain

to
seize Gibraltar. This, though
Franco was obligated to Hitler and Mussolini for help

i
i

!&#39;

ill

Nb

..

--.3
-&#39
A

I
1

w U

.1.
1
92

furnished his
rebel army
in theSpanish Civil
War. Mr.I H! IX[i iD_92
&#39;9292.
Churchill said that you naturally feel: some gratitude

I
|

toward

aman

who refrained

from knocking

when hecould haveknocked youdown.

you down

&#39
1,
&#3

._ |

entirely too
much

&#39;

.1 F

1-1&#39;
92
M
"_

---- niany.

l-

material, such as
wolfram,_ir-

Wolfram, according
to the Standard Dictionary,
is !

tungstate. ofiron and manganese Fe,Mn! W04 . ..

a sourceof tungsten;or !

same astungsten. Mr.

Churchill mayhave somekindly feelingstoward Spain,

but Spain s conduct continues unsatisfactory to Mr.
Roosevelt.
&#39; Q

UI

What these twin Roosevelt reprovals to Ivir. Churchill

may indicate is that the Allied triumvirate- -the United

States, Britain and Russia -is already beginning
to
the way of most triumvirates. Two

go
of

Triumvircile $119 ij.1 iI_1&#39;[r92_Vl1

get$together
usually to
.-

. nudge

the third

Spin Begins
p1_eStige_ The Allies

out of

power and

have not yet won the war.

are told daily

that

Indeed, we

the fiercest fighting is yet to

be

done. But
already the
Roosevelts are veering this
nation toward Russia and away from Britain.
Why they are doing so is not hard to
figure
out.
Spain continues neutral because it bled itself white
and half-starved

inits

civil war

of 1936-39

and its

people want peace at almost any price. In

that
Russia helped

the Spanish

Communists, just

war.
as Italy

and Germany helped the Spanish conservatives. This

is made evident inErnest

Hergingwafs For Whom

Theand
Reds
fellow
their have
trgelers
amortal

the Bell
Tolls.

hatred for

Franco, Spain s

cur nt

dictator, because

he won the Spanish War and the Communists lost it.

The Reds and their fellow travelers
in this country
are all-out for afourth term for Roosevelt, as you can
see by a glance
at any
of their
reddish CIO has started afourth-term

it openly says it will put

publications. The
drive into
which

several million

dollars of the

members money.

Hence, it is smart politics for Mr. and Mrs. Roosevelt

to
take
public raps at Spain and at anybody--Mr.

Churchill included- wl1o says akind word inpublic

for
the
1.-:ar=ruined Spanishpeople. That will
help
keep the

for the

domestic Reds and fellow

fourth term.

travelers in
line

-&#39;

What it will do to the Allies postwar plans is another

Question. Those
plans noware, at least in public. for

r
-&

Britain, the United States, Russia and China to run

the world as benevolent big powers--despite Mrs.

;.

Roosevelt s other
foolish remarkat her Tuesday press
conference about every United Nation inthe
world
having an actual voice inpostwar world government.
How could
other
after

7__&#39;_T

&#39;
Copyright,

II_7

Belgium and

the war?

Russia have a veto on each

c-&#39;
&#39;

1.944, NewsSyndicate C0.,Inc.!

ii:-=51 ;_
__--

_:,- - -F"

- _-

_-"92.
4&#39;
:

WTANUANO
FORM
ND,6-I

"~"_
" T

&#39;
-5&#39;3

0]jtiC6
Z92/I677Z01/&#39;ai?6Zu7Z
- UNITED
STA&#39;l;ES
GOVERNM
n

mom
=13-11.
Lad/} l

TO &#39;
=

D/92TE=
December5

THE DIRECTOR

92.

&#39;
c1&#39;gg ---+-r: <. Glsvln

n->- l9292lUI
. &#39;rra=_" &#39;
CITIUH
Egan
urne
a
HLFDO

suegscn

in. 19}?
To o5 M
E. :.n&#39;l! a::n__

-373"
<
Br
.Hando
While talking to Senator idges on other matters, he stated IES&#39;[
&#39;$F
L.!
I

that

while

he was
in

conference
with

Europe the past summer that

If
Tale. Room
In-. Nasal

he had had a private

Churchill,that Churchillwasvery
much

,__

concerned
aboutmggggliiiii

the Russianpicture and stated that the only salvation for the civi1izat"f6 "&#39; &#39
of the

world

would

be if

Russia to be imperiling

the

President

of the

United

world peace and attack

States

would

declare

Russia.

He pointed out
that
ii

wiping
it

out
it

an atomic bomb
could

done,
will
attackdirection.
&#39; which
would Russia
be without

Churchill

n-ther

she gets the atomic bombthe United States

in

years.

and civilization

"7

be dropped on the Kremlin

would be a very easy problem to handle the balance OI

Russia,

Bridges

stated

awn
! 1r 1-an-nna
-I-1-92n+.
r-nn~
IL 92-OJ-J
I-l~92ItI -III
92Il-lI92l
YQ-L
United
States.

will

stated

that
if

this

was not

the next two or three years when

be wiped out or set back many

..-

@/1 r.
/,&#39;/"."
,-&#39;
J/92/ L1

thathecon
on-s
ir> phurch:1_11&#39;s
views
andthathe

next President 1.-.-ill do just that before Russia at-tacks

DLL:da
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,N Jan 16 The Iran

atarrCarr5pQ1:de1}t

atlon d.lSC1OSd
todayl

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it

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ar_rival_
-of 50.-let
ViceForeign
&#39;
&#39; .
from
Moscow
Other groups pr:
.n-nssemvlslnnsl-.1
.
_
_
.
. can- Washington.
ction of a secietary
geneiai
Lester
B.92iearson,
Canadi
M

to Washin on.
"
British officials held private co

Seie

didete will he the first substantivels- encestoday to crystallize their view

receivednew instiuc
l
before the new SecurityCouncil,the candidates.They have aban
Teheian to place the sue
which meets Thursday ior the first their belie! that the secretary ge

s
1
sputewith SOV1lZ
Rue

time.
1]
should
comeIrom
a small
cou
ed Nations.
Actual election of the secretary generday the Iranian Ambas eral is by the GeneralAssembly.
but

posslb1eI
The
British
approach
the
pr
r

of
dorr~5eye dQIaasan
aqulz it mustbe doneon recommendation
he. assemblythat h might the SecurityCouncil. Sevenof the 11
mustapprovethe rec- cautiously. for they believed
Iranian Russian quarrel for councilmembers
it

one consideration 11 an ummendation,

h_-rcluding
all the Big be fatal. to the UNO if one or thl
&#39; - i 1 J;-&#39;
&#39;_" :."~-&#39;
e Five was forced to use its veto !
etween the tuo countries Five.
on the secretary general issue. =

Gen.
Y isenhov.-er.
gllurchill
andAn-_

th0ny*<192&#39;:n
areamog theworld g- Today&#39;s
plenary sessionshad :

prospect
or excitement.
and dal
n m"9Tan921
W
tei&#39;
97&#39;
Eisenhower
doesn&#39;t
want it. The lookedaheadtowardthe speechby
uresrnentioned for the job.

bl? P "* "$

t 3&#39;19
l?ritish

eign
Secretar392e
tomorr
B

Labor governmentopposes

uncnthused about sources

saidhwould dealwit
also
is
British op- lmandate
question
in somedeta
but less than to llwill not offer to put Palestine_
UNO mandate. they said, oecau
_
The Russians
are understood
to favor __

uesUlla-5
out of
the first
ous
among
the As
big Churchill, who is
ncl the mam for the $35,000 it. anyway. There
cletazy general post in the position to Eden,
to la gm shortly after the Churchill.

Stanoje _ Yugoslav
imic.Ambassador
to

---J-.

9l .,1&
is

&#39;
S-11

N93

3.3439

J4
ii ; ,.

. .

4.

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ache

UNO s

that any member

of
the
is still in- j p1&#39;OVid8S
Other groups propose Anglo-AmericanCommission
{ Vice_l- oreign,Com- Washington.
i
Iitlnited Nations may bring any dispute
Lester B. "arson, Caneasn Minister ve-stigating the question.*.g_F;,._&#39;_
or situation which might lead to inter&#39;3MOSCOW.
ffi&#39;om to Wasmligtgn.
&#39;
The Iranian delegati0n _will
rpeet to- national. friction to the attention
of
c:--taxygeneral can,
to
decidewliether,to_raisethe is- the Assembly or Security Council.
British officials held private confer- day
-

first substantive ls- ences today

of
relationswith_1;RuE_
sia i the
to
crystallize their views on sue
_cw Security G01.inCl1,the candidates. They have abandoned General Assembly.or to-present it to
COUNCIL MEETS TOMORROW
V
Jprstlay
_i0l the 1 5their
:i belief that the secretary general the newly createdSecurity Council.
The rst Security Council meeting
should come irom a small country
if
was scheduled for tomorrow. But the
The new instructions &#39;from.&#39;-Teheran
~_
r.: the secretary gen- pbsslblei
Iranian issue was not likely to be raised
_._-neralAssembly, but
The British approached the problem yesterday
-in~which_he_
res ed the at that time. The session was expected
_-.1 rezommendation
of
cautiously,
for
they believed it might right to raise the issueit the big powers to be devoted&#39;to
preliminary organize-_.
1;rcil. Seven
of
the 11 be
fatal
to the UNO
if
one or the Biz tailed to solve the Soviet-Iranianprob- tion and opening statement.
""
" E-ust
approve
therec- Five was forced to use its veto power lem at this sqsion ot the Assembly. The first step under the charter for
&#39;.-iudzng
all the B13 on the secretary general issue.
&#39;
Taqu.izacleh_
said
the di- the Council would be to recommend to
&#39; .&#39;ii=l.&#39;.
,
:.MToday&#39;s
plenary sessionshad slight rective from his
that theytry to settletheir
allowed.;theparties
Churchill and An-_; prospect
of
excites -ent,and delegates
differences by neg0t1at1on arn:tratiim,
&#39;.?&#39;..mg
the world fig- looked ahead toward the speech by For- the delegation-here*to
judicially,
by
regional agencies or at
to raise the matte_r ]:eIore
-: the Job.
irangements, or other peaceful mean:
semblyor otherwise."""
&#39;_
.;n t want it. The sources said
h
would deal with the
wno
of the *0it their&#39;
Only the
&#39;
goi-crmnent opposes; mandate question in somedetail. He
Iran from
5
&#39;.lenth&#39;[&#39;lSd
about will not offer to put Palestine under big powers
charter
_.- also is British op- UNO mandate, they said. because the ru.isigE;_l_&#39;l_e
7, -but less than .t0|

superseded
thersneech
of
Tgluizadeh

eign
Secretarwei-in
tomorrow.
British

&#39;.
e c;.|92&#39;lerst0Od
to favor
&#39;
gosiavAmbassador to

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NEWS

January 1 , , 1946

&#39;

ll
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L rrru

L5 1 l

I
5

_.

ll! JOIIlJb I! E_l_E_l_&#39;J: _

.: If

l HERE are tinl ;~9292 llEl1

the mere multitude can sit
back and
rulers can

reflect happily
behave as
so

0n_the idea
that their
many political
stumble

bums. Like
:1
blood
transfusion to
the somewhat
wasted
Democratic idea comes the proof that
the
Big Brain in the White
House and his associated
ivorld-rulers and
global master-minds
are capable of pulling
bonehead plays on the political diamoiid
or
gaily
stepping on banana Peels wliich. litter
the path to en-

during fame.

1-

. ----.._..,.,,_
. -T- Tolqrm , _
ii. A. Tar-n_m_&#3

Wisp and experienced political hzains might

_- r&#39;:1iwi,,,/_9
it.&#39;92L
arid _

is d:m;:cr p0litical
the domestic field.

danger for

i rI irhols,____ _

haye counseled

F.D.R. in

such an

_r. |&#39;-pas-n
_,____
Trliry A__ _

But no!
Both Winnie
and Pal Joey have
jumped into
the
family fight
and are now hip-deep in the all-out effort to
see that
F.D.R. is re-elected next November &#39;7.
The Dewey forces are for the moment holding back their counterblastwbut expect
it to cut loose at the moment that
censorship
permits the
revelation that
the Iourth
term candidate&#39;s"good I ~
friend Winston"
is within the domestic borders of the United States I .
during the present campaign.
i in

92.,_ _
92.

""111:
"nl&#39;Tey
____ _

____;&#39;,.-&#39; &#39;

help tmion of F. D.R.

to a3Q_u1&#39;ili
term the
in White
House.

92

.5

-1

The Big
Brain&#39;s associates,
Britain&#39;s ~. i inston ~_Cl92ui&#39;chill
and
Pal Joey, Stalin in
Moscow have
heard
the call to leap in
and

that there
invasion of

"1

. 92/1,,

.1 Mr.l ghr _________

__
i!:.[ |_15.n "L
A l:l&#39;_ [!9ndnn
__>__U
92&#39;..
. -

l&#39;- i{.lZtlI" l_

5"-X . J:;i-3
TIL"._l&#39;l .&#39;l1 BIll

t
VB NOTE
that Fred
Paslcy of
thisbureau.
back
from Quebec

;-I-i -e-..aL _____

__
. Vin] gmldy , _ _HI"

where he heard Churchill

toss-off the
observation about
a
Roosevelt-Churchill meeting
next year."
reports from
the White
House that
Prime Minister
Churchill is
"standing-by" at
the
moment-and we
might add. if all the stories.in
the Capital are
true, is "standing very near by."
Now you can&#39;t convince
the De9292&#39;e_92&#39;
u&#39;01&#39;kei&#39;s
the fourththat
term candidate didn&#39;t stage
the recent war conference in Quebec
and liasift
linked himself
up in the popular
eye with Britain&#39;s
Prime Minister
without asneaking
idea in the back oi the White
House brain that all this would work to get votes next November
I and build up
his "indispensable
man thesis- "aftcr
all. I&#39;m
the only one who Sets along with Winnie
and Joe Stalin. Don t
spoil
the
party by sending in
it
stranger.

&#39;1 t ti .
i4} ? it

AT ALL events, the

usually politically
shrewd Churchill.
willy-

nilly, has
now become a, part or our national election
campaign and Churchill&#39;s part will
undoubtedly become
greater in
the next few days.

s,_ f r:&#39;

tr-. .

Li

Now at the same time, Pal Joey in Mnscnw is following Churchill&#39;s

example and putting in his plugs for F.D.R.- neaf.Lv skating around
any forthright
indorsement of the fourth
term candidate,
but in
lherc punching just the same.
Over in Moscow, Stalin
has blown his publicity
whistle. told
the Soviet writing boys to follow the thick red line and whoop it
up for F&#39;.D.R.&#39;s re-election
by denouncing Dewey and the Republican
party in the Soviet publication. War and the Working Class.

TPHE Stalin
contribution Roosevelt
to
re-election
propaganda
Lakes the somewhat wobbly line that all good Communists in

the United States should vote against Dewey because. says RussiaT 1&#39;-Roosevelt.
the Republican party is backed up by the National

Asociation
of Manufacturers,
clu Pont,
Ford. General
Motors anch

brihind
arethese
up
lined
Fascist
elements.
etc-..ete.,
etc.

JtThe
reasoning
behind
Churchill
the
Stalin
and immcdial
to help out Roosevelt&#39;s
fourth term campaign grate agai-is

c orts

fl" I1
"E1105?-1 many
points. l3ut_the_y
simmer down
to thesame thing

=..si.~~
_-We .

W. -I/.
7.#*< 1!
iassililsllf ;Z.
* . ;.,,, D
RY] 3&#39;; o=9-ill

s
I

cal
fight
with
s.common
battle
cry;
"Frankl1n
our
coy.
I s

Britain&#39;s
Churchilland Russia. Stalin
s
havechargedinto the ?
OW, politically sneaking, these are not smart tactics and novever much they please I- .D.R. at the moment, there are ancient
etc-rans in the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee of the
B.H.
Before Hillman! variety who now wag their

Qheadsominously.

Now such smart operatorsin the Rooseveltcamp as Comrade

Earl Brcwder of the Communists-ior-Roosevelt ls -igade and
Tovarich Sidney clear it with Sidney! Hillman are Iar too slick
to be trapped into such political fumblinlzs as these recent bobblcs
of Pal-Joey and "my good friend Winston." Not tor a SeCO1&#39;1d.

TTP BEFGR.

-.-:
1 .1F|&#39;u&#39;cai,1g.F92uu1g
r ...-4:" 0:..- r-........:u..-n_...n.-_.
92CGng1ESo1Gn4&#39;:&#39;.&#39;u
92.-uluulu.-wilt.
Diul-iwl

U Browder
softlyassured
histnquisitors
that98 percentof

the American people were against communism.

Which suggested that you 5h0ll1dn&#39;l;
pay too much attention
to the Communist-backing oi FDR.
And Brother I-Iillman. of
course, modestly blushing under the grant of political power

T granted
him
by
F.D.R. at the Chicago
convention,
deniesall
*1-srnv-n~~-air-
n-Ffi&#39;|--ti.-as

VBNOTE
today
thattheofficial
AFLpublication.
"The
Labor

Union Newspaper." returns to its turious attack on the Hillma -l92Iosc09292 -Roosevelt
tic-up with the blunt charge:

"To Americanlaborthe mostdisquieting

thing aboutthe cm-

H1 ______,_
A li ll C
rnfhilf n i._.
H: _._, __._,...
fP:lr|&#39;l:
nchin If I-nllin
Hun
H ]_ _ li[
______
__,__________,_,
........ nnrl llnl
....-......_......b
llllIll92;92j
l with revolutionary communism."
The federation paper. after duly noting that Roosevelt-Lieuterr
ant Hillman last August indignantly denied" that he was a Communist. goes into interesting details of the Russian-born Hi1lman&#39;s
close personal relations with Lenin.
It reports the occasion when Hillman. accompanied by Browcler
and Wiiiiain
2..
Foster. made a pilgrimage to Moscow, conferred
with Lenin. and doped out
a.
scheme for Communist control of
American labor.
&#39;
I

THIS attempt failed. But. reports the AFL publication:

"His tHillman&#39;s!
Soviet sympathies. while slumbering, hav
ever dimmed. They have burst into flame again with the eme
Lgcnceor Russia as
a
military conquerer under Stalin."
I
Le..- ._
. .. ~
_
.
is----&#39;~ ~

<, w_wt-&#39;_

:7:

l-iA5HIl $GTONTII

5 HERI.LI

MOHNIIJG

~ ~

TDITIO

ii

77_

sf? -.

0&#39

11

-- l
, ii.h.ere

ll&#39;

U,-

or

_granted

&#39; BBC

The questioner then ,

are any ]IBVl0ilS i
aforeign

1-tatesmai

si.i1iJf_&#39;L_1j.r:ilitics -

to criticize

his own

&#39; orn-

IIQovernmcnt
ment"and"willwlnrllicr
thaszgl-yitish
offer a. similar

.._.____._.._ /.1

ul Ramadier will not}

officially or
give al

F333
Official
tTllK|
addec
.-..eon for him as is o teg Qon

for dislinguishecl
guests, it wag

__l

_to

Churchil

that ifMr.
Wallace asked I-I .
opporiunity to
any United States l . Ramadier it would be diiiir-an
statesman who supports the
do- for the Premier to refuse,
Vincent Auriol, President, of the
Pooh-Poohs
Prosecutionmw
md ."i -1 I?. >&#39;
PM - ?
JISPUTE
ENTERS
COMMONSdent Truman
i epubllc, is on his way to West
sadministration.
FE
Broadcasting tonight to they f_fr_ica._ EdouardHcrriot, who as,
United States, Mr. Wallace drew s:_-eiq mmvmcomes

pi parallelbetween hisspeaking

gt

-gee
inBenin last
andyear
ieste=1l>i@lZtui
llby
E-$7
i
p?5iZ
hurchill_.<: speaking
in meted
to 503%
the Problem
r"e_i&#39;
,
Fulton lilo.

Ionservaiive Asks
Government Knew

and expressed pained

- -

surprise
that
some
groups
in thegna&#39;.&#39;tl&#39;]Z&#39
m
hmtomm
.by
town
LYn
United States
wished to
suppress ? eIfcomes
Paris,
retrain &#39;

Whether his rl ht tvoice

of BBC

Speech byAmerican

his views ab
a.

Emm

P " iP&#39;* "i=&#39;

formal in
"=-

lioarison
Itiido
btcd
waeoier
2%?
this-gggtfnn;
p ""&#39;*
{;
i d"
will be
relish
in
n.
&#39; .&#39; &#39;
.
5Pear :
0 {&#39;1tvir.
Wallace&#39;s
spccchig
Iiglflctigln
in messages
cauhous
frrh"-&#39;
i5
atm3result
de
&#39;iH.V
had any
notsponsorship elm-O
from
Heljlri B9"-"Ft-I
Jar to that ML Truman gavemnmbassador to Washington, in-~,

Mr. Churchill&#39;s
Fulton speech. Ac- .f&#39;:lmng.the
French G"&#39;mme
Jfl t

itually Mr.Wallace&#39;spurpose&#39;
main
d g at1n pr"&#39;ked
in theUnited
By MA LLORY Bl&#39;tO92VN
E
in makingthe comparison
was tostates by MY" Wallace? Visit K0
Special Ta:
to NxwYour hull. &#39;
point outthat thosewho nowenu-E &#39;Pmeesese
T113 Peed
French:
LONDON, April
15_r;r;v1ng lcized him for allegedly trying to i &#39;
reed theLogan Act,Henry Alfal- ilinfiuence s. foreign government
officials in effect t Watth their
much more vocal- Ste 7
____1cesa.tisfied_that
is
h&#39;e_&#39;
payshould have been
need
i
Mr. Churchill
when
no
more
attention to
talk in the in criticizing
States that .
spoke.they were E Unltcd
United States or legal
action,"
it the formerPrime Minister
, Some observers in Britain are
was said tonight on his behalf.
&#39;
~SidcntTrunian.I
pomparlng Mr. Wallace, not with- Since tn
[3 d0llCFit9
[The House
Committee on
chill,C
but
with Prof. Harbeen discussed
I3tproblemhas
Un-American Activities
sug- l,&#39;Mr.
gested Monday that liir.
Wai_ . _ -__
,-rson
_

I
Pfcgsiifitllllot
ll]: t0Create iman
lace and
aglziinguiljslde
Mr val
of

Flt! J.aski&#39;s.tour
5?Unitgqstales
the
United
Amh

States ast
3-ea_1._
.LIIcesoi L.-ski
1"~ ! 3f and
Pierre-Henri Teigcaf
i
Iace&#39;s speeches
and act&#39;{ns_

1
Foreign
criticizing
Secre
lillnisie gm !
.Kiting Foreign
abroad were covered by
they
_o- _;>_.-_-ii~~.~&#39;
ary
BVlii&#39;|.&#39;s
policy,
as
well
as
the
flcl
l
quarters
bel&#39;
I"
some
r
1
gan_;fl_e_t. This law makes"it
a"
crime tdeal
unauthorizedly
wave or resentment against him ff m .Washi
L
. .
with {orm &#39;n governments
to "in_"E
fluence th measures or conduct
.
I@
visit.
&#39;
of any tor ign government &#39;
&#39; iso in Britain and even in his ovi-r1Hce&#39;s
arty, the Labor party.
in relation
0any dispute" with
Mr. Wallace was aguest of variTnilon ...... -.
the United States "or to defeat
Parliament
the measures"
of the
United pug British Members of

olicy the
of United
States, aroused
C ffery had
convegfelijeda
M t:;.;3

ot only
in the
United States
buiunof czal char$: f;]1l;lai&#

!-..-.

ist aluncheon today andat adin-92

nor in his honor in the House of

States]
Commons.
In Mr. W&#39;allace
opinion, the
s Commons Session
Attends

Cleilil-------~

I_;i-

law is completely inapplicable"

to
15
tr Pi
- Mr.
his speeches in Britain and he has LONDON, April
no intention of modifying his stay Wallace attended asession of the
here or his tour on the Continent House oi Commons today and also
farming data
as aresult
of the mounting furor discussed scientific
of AgricultureTom
against him in the United States, with Minister

it was said.

A.
Tumm

/- Ir.

U11

_92-92
&#39; Nichols

Williams. i.

Jr, Glavin
a_

" _;

.- I7

,_

va er
iveYorkshire Post . &#39;
gT he cons
t
Going to Stockholm
isaid theformer Vice President had
in
Britain.
The former Vice President has la perfect right to speak
frankly acknowledged
surprise at
the world. unth volume of
the
protest at
home. idifterences dividing

__

...........

..._-~
Mr.
i l92ir.Roscn .A.....-------an-. 1 wrr&#39;

l How
can he
hopeheal
to thefsl
Mf92 | --

llcsshe
can
Sine persons
who have
had an

I.

speak freelyto all who

opportunity to see him in the last are willing to hear?" the Post said.
forty-eight hours
believe that i"Agaln, theright of public mento
jolted more accurately expresses speak regardless of the embarrass
the eftect on
him
of the storm ot merit. they may cause the Govern
criticism in
the United States.
dition, and this tradition is, part
Mr. Wallace&#39;sattacks on
the
of the wider tradition of American
Truman Doctrine
of confining
communism will
come lip in the Iree speech."
House of Commons on Thursday,
i.
after he
has
left for Stockholm. A , French
O lciais Cautious
parliamentary question
put today
by aConservative, L. D. Gamrnans,

Mr. Carson ___. ..

Mr.
My-_ iurne.... ._
llnrho .___ .
i
,
Iienrlnn ._..
Mr
I
Mr
I_"_Tl_~::_1*l :92nim:
,92&#39;lr I
-_-_*.-T92i&#39;-7
i Qliil-m&#39;!nrnB
I.

7:613!
l*192-q:l{]_
i Lam--M
..1:
llhlw-I Hr.

lment part
is of
the American
tra-

,..__-===I= ,,

Tins is a c &#39;nping
tno_&#39;=m

page

__ ofli:__H_;1?

1-_{
04% Waligse,which
in
domestic
and
foreign grey
of the
United States
1 Si1ecie1te
Nrw
Tlmu.
You.i&#39;|-1:
_. 1} /
3 il!iFiY
af_terco,nsultation
His with
New York
Times for
.

ing Corporation
program on
the
thlrt enth
of April by
Mr.
Henr_

i.

Governm twas
attacked, was
made with the knowledge
oi or
Majll

S PARIS. April 15 It

is under-;

1&#39; ~&#39;~
~
:&#39;"-- I

* w*:*-

1&#39;"" **f /

&#39;;--

puny-

&#39;7."iiiiit.
e,92
. Cl&#39;iliClit"S92

fililttiliiliorFailing
%-it/ollece

0 FighttorPeace

t.

d From l"i:.~t Pri_ar_.l

Says Briton DciresNot

. 92lr
. &#39;l.[li1i I- i

,,..__....S4mp
Rt-92&#39;i<io|i
in Ln -_
Addi"essin;r ill
,%l]CI
&#39;92-prectictci
allace
5&#39;
any United
-"-tales laws curbii._&#39;.&#39;
ie right oi 92

Mr . i .

.- i. &#39;i&#39

Mr. t. i92"?-ii .,__,__

...__
f <~ii92&#39;ic!ii"-.-of his group that war is
.rncrlcansto speak ireely about!
iiic92&#39;itahle."
ncir
own
tloicriiincnt
in
ftli&#39;t
l|L1lli
Mr. Wallace said Americans
wcrc
?3lll&#39;ltl&#39;lt"5
irould he iiiodi cri to
con-.
being described as liysierical in their
Wor
is
inevitable
i.orin to the charter of the United;
Rltililtir toward Rlissia.
{Nat-ions Friucailonal, Scieiitific midi
"If
I
knew only what.
I
read
BytheAssociated
Press
rjiiltiiral Oreaiiizntioii.
the Aiiir. l&#39;iCRll
press
I
also Woiild Ii
i92lr. _Rt!92&#39;t
H _tlW
from the92y5i.El if ?92l,
he said.
&#39;.Referring: to rc-,ioi&#39;ts
i United States of proposals that his!
Mr
.ii.1i_.
PraisesAmerican Press.
. iie.sspo1&#39;t
be wtiliclrawii and that tlic
The former cahinet riieniher, lLogan Act. be invoi-ted against him
D-ii . Tal&#39;s<iii
_
iaised Ainerican i-cpoi-iei&#39;s.
saying. i because
of
his
attacks
on
Presiden
&#39;
I92lr.
l3j;;:in_
WY
_z,
icy were "i11&#39;oe1&#39;cs=i92&#39;e
and forward-:
lookinc. . and also praised the Amer-i
I92ir
.
il.lI
l
it
Zl_
H___
-lace
said:
c,, &#39;j"" .&#39;rii&#39;92&#39;-&#39;31.
April
. iron press being on the whole
, the
f L1.i;....tL.. i921:ill:icc
declared to- best in the world.
i92ir. iitiflltly
I
i_f_l.1li
that it was "a great. source
"I aiii not arciisiiig illt"l ll of de- [speak his mind is inrreiy can !-in
.92ir. liciidiiii
tout
the
injunction
given
in
ttiei
txsorrow to me" that Winston: liberately rniblisliiiii: unti&#39;iitlis,"
he,
I believe any}
3
.92ir. -]o1ies________,_
&#39;hiirc_ii_i___li
was not ghting"ior; said, "but the American press doc.
nited Stateslaws which may bet
llgR.<Il3
in selective tise of the triitl
"ace.
l
a
.
con
ict
with
that
charter
will
be
i
Mr. i entiiiigt0ii__
, &#39;
iFlodi ecl."
The former American Vice Pres-5 that is the last. word in pl Oll7lt?,Rll92
tent and cabinet officer told 1.000 We must have the wliolc truth i
Mr. Quinn TZl.l&#39;1
T0l1l01&#39;l
he
OW
will
address
a
pubare to maintain peace."
T
irwegiantradesunion leadersthati We
c meeting at a lai&#39;ge
Oslo theater
Mr,
Wallace
said
that
when
hej
lilr.
92&#39;eas9______
ii". Churchill "dare not confess publand will speakat
a Farmers Partipoke the United States ] JI .&#39;~&#39;
-&#39;l_v
the private
convictions
of li&#39;
tC
l&#39;i5t
3l
92
meeting
Htl92
on
!
agriculenored him. Wlien I return." he
lllp that war is inevitable."
dded_ I siiripo:-e the blanket r-I
"I am not a crypto-Coiiimunis,
ileiice will fall again.
I
have
broken
ii . Wallace declared. I am
a
pr
StassenAssailsTalking
through
the silken curtain oi that
-"&#39;ssh&#39;e
story."
&#39;
.
/_. .
silence by coining lo Europe."
On ForeignPolicyAbroad
tMr. Churchill. addressing a
Citing the Spaiiisii-American War
tF
Conservative Party rally in Lonas a case resulting, he said. from
ut*i. l-iai"old E_.*_
&#39;
ssen, aspirant ini
don Friday, described Mr. Walselective newspaper treatment. Mr.
/7
,
the RC}]llbliCRi }-pl&#39; 5l nomilE>lli-l l
nice as a crypto-Communist."
Wallace said. "That is why
I
am
nation.
who
has
been
making
a
factwhich he de ned as "one who has
so disturbed when we send naval
C7
_,
iihding tour of Europe, declared
not got. the courage to explain
i.
vessels on Goodwill tours in foreign
today
it
is
not
proper
to
discus.
he destination for which he is waters.
If
anything happened
o
the foreign policy of the United!
making." He said also that Mr.
ur vessels who would know ti
t./allace was trying to separate
ause of the incident? There rn " States in ti foreign country."
The former governor of MinneGreat Britain frorfi the United
till be Nazis. How easy for the i
sota held
states and to weave her into a
o provoke an li&#39;i.ti l&#39;I lHliU]lFli.li1Cl
.
li I1 a. hr-ws conference only
a
few hours after Henry A. Weias: system oi
Coniniuriist
hat is 92&#39;:h_v
I
am so deeply con
lace
left.
Stockholm by plane 1&#39;or
intrigue which radiates iromi
C .! ! !f. !"i
. h! the
l&#39;t
pres.s loads facts.
.92loseow."!
_&#39;
on one side."
i Oslo. Norway. Ml .Wallace has critSport -is
lo L500 Sliillcnls.
I
Peace Jilted Fighting Cause.
for aid to Greece and Turke_r and
daslicd on foot from]
Mr. Wallace. who arrived in Osl . i92lr. 9292&#39;:1llacP
has called for "pence and tinderthe
croiiriori
labor
I
.n_mlp
in
H
hall
.
mi Stockliolm only a few hours
standinz with Rtissia."
ore he addi-csscrtthe union lead- where 1.500stiidciits heard him as-&#39;,.92Ir.Siil.=~.&#39;~E
said that
ll after his
Fill
wlmt
he
callcri
trends
towardl
>~.did not mention Mr. Churchill&#39;s?
and ilI t&#39;d
Lhcni to fight tor a. return to the United States he would
-inc in notini! that the forrncrg &#39;-YR!
slroiigcr
United
Nations.
. confer with leaders oi the Rc|1iihliiiish
Prime
Mini.=.ter sattack out
can part_92&#39;
before publisliinc his
"Sooner
or
later.
all
Nordic
TFH
&#39;
on had been broadcast. to Norway!
and inipressioiis of his Euro.
.
. i -"ill reach iiiaturit_92&#39;
and conclil r; rioirs
pean trip.
&#39;
l &#39;
Peacei.-:_iiot.something passive] hat. iiar is ili&#39;ti HCitol l&#39;lSLlC
childi l
&#39;."
Mr. Wallace
said. . "Since&#39;
.
.
l I inds, he predicted.
The Republican Pa1&#39;i._92&#39;.
he said. has!
"ace is a eliting cause, it is a
Mr. Wallace,whoseoriginalpr-I Wanexcellent chance of winning: the
iiirce of great
sorrow
to me thal Il irrarn
oi at single
speech in 1~.oi&#39;way
. _-=T--_
._______,___,__
_ presiclential election in 1948 "if 921&#39;e_
:-itairi s great fighting leader cat
.ha92&#39;e
a
good program" and ii Repubinclude Iour
it use his genius in ghting Io. has been CX
iltcanCongressiiien
nowin officere-once.
&#39;
tain the con dciice of the people,
cidress, was welcomed to O5lo_ti
"This great man says
I
will n
All America-both
the Republiope oi the most important voice i
weal my ultimate goal.
I
say
can and Democratic Parties -are
:1re not confess publicly the private of the comm0n_man.
J!
That description of Mr. Wallet
See WALLACE, Page A-Til
/.
__ ;1n1g
from Theodor Brock. tamed
9292&#39;pi1&#39;t.1me
n lB._92Ol&#39;
Of NFll921l<,
WHO will riot go back to the policy oi the
s
. _ I
,
joined with Norway&#39;s
minister of
. f._.r
education, Kaare Fostervoll. in

I|Tt&#39;lr_.!t
W
W__

Confess Conviction

|i.lr."z;1drl___
__*_

Mr.I92&#39

lTl&#39;Lll
foreign
policy,
il.ill&#39;5
Mr.Wall]

| The
right
ofany
world
citizen
id
UNESCO
charter.

6;}

{thrill
Sl.Ib_]CiS.

STOCKHOl..$5weden,
April
19

:7

g T &#39
&#3

lcizcd
President
Triiman&#39;s
proposal

fiaifoi-111,
appearances
and
aradi

kt-roving
forward
in
world
polie}L
,
0"Mr
Stassen
said
when
a-kodi

welcoining him at a luncheon ntt ] |_ 9d

by represeiitatives_oI[the

.whet.liei&#39;-Reniibilcahs
would
i~.-mi
&#39;
V_&#39;
_" &#39;.
"-"&#39;]
- ._ 1

:to earlier
.c if victorious in th I
policv

1
couiiti&#39;j~.six political
s
parties. 1!! [presidential election.
,|
.-_
all. I92- _,
i Before
eluding two cabinet T1 iE&#39;Ti&#39;ibi
5- his press LM-flllit"l&#39;t l -| P ... ___
L.
Mr. Fostervoll said Mr. Weller
and i&#39;t.&#39;l92&#39;i
hinrl _
t uld clnirn a unique achieremen istcr Toner Ei&#39;l:-inrier
i bringing together at t-he sarn
Unrlcn.
I
" W
t ble representatives of the Con
t i&#39;92&#39;.&#39;itive,
Christian. Labor PP.t1}&#39;!l9&#39;
/92ltll lIiIll Mr. 92 92 allai&#39;c
anrl Mi&#39;_&#39;
Farmers lll5t
PHTll@5-- Stasrrii
in stnrklimlm,

Sins-scn
conic:-red
wtiliPrime
Lilli:

eon
with
Foreign
Minister
O tillill ,.

"~/

.L/

5 itllllt 9 194763"

31

- --

I.

lil&#39;li
.; ti.1.9~&#39;;l

~
f 92

WASHINGTON

srss

J"". ._
r

;&#39;-92

t&#39;n.=v
m_;;_v_rioso in Os1o.".l 5""" *&#39;a_.,.
St-assen 1.1.sclieotilcci to leave for
Oslo by plane tornorrov: i&#39; 0&#39;r&#39;i iii 1E.

!_Cot
Says
Herirronged
Wallace

Visit as" Friend

PARTS, April 19 trT&#39;!.~Piei&#39;1&#39;e

Cot,
French lcftwing politician, said to-

Ildnythatin n1&#39;1&#39;ahging
thevisithere

of Henr_92&#39;
A.
Wallace he :13 acting
as an "old friend" and not as the
-agent of any Freneli political pat-t._v.
&#39;
M1 .Cot, ail minister in the cabi
net of Leon Blunt and several othe
nnrtirrie and prewar cabinets, form
eriy was a mdienl-Socialist. a eon_
servative part! , but now ranks him- ,
self as an independent.
In
the]
National Assembly he gcn_erali_w

otes
withtheCommunists.
1

&#39;

.at
rr Mr. Cot said he hZld mE92ppCd
l hree-day schedule for Mr. Wallace-

hat includes an appearance be-|

re theNational
192sseinbly
fol -ls

eign affairs committee. a speech to.~

the Centre do la Politique Entrangere," a sort of foreign policy
association, and another speech before a meeting in the Sorbnnne. In
Miriitinn MI . &#39;92Vallaee
will speak before the original local chapter of
the American Veterans Committee
which recently split on the issue of
adrntttlng Communists.
The invitation to appear before
the Parliamentary Foreign Affairs
Committee was extended about a
month ago, MI . Cot, said. bi MHTEE1
aehiri, a Communist who happens
to be committee chairman. Under
Assembly rules a foreigner n1a_vnot
appear before a session of the entire ehamher. but the foreign affairs
;:1 0I|pis inviting all other deputies
to attend.
Mr. Wallace, who arrives Tuesday, will be a guest of honor at a
luncheon given by the National
Union of Intellectuals, of which
the scientist Frederic Jntiot-Curie
is seeretaij/-general.
Dr. Jolie _
Curie is a Communist, but Mr,
L
said the group is comprised or
I
ietlectuals of various shades of p iLical optnj,qn_____
._

APR
Z

O 19%?

WASHINGTON
STAR

Page
A-1.

& A-7

*-s-1 -he<= l Vasl1iiV1"on

.w;,,h,11 -M-92-

MPi 3 __&#39;G9;9 11 l
-- -,__ .|_

NOW THAT

ALL theBy hullaUrew

Pearson

I/

b/1 ;/

baloo overPoland hassubsided,

ing that the Red Army withdraw

from Poland; also, that the Soviet
secret police wiilidraw.
4 The Luhlin Poles
also rcsent the latest Russian attitude
of friendliness
to the German
people, which
they
criticize
as
asymbol oi unpriuclpied
Soviet
bicldini: for
German support. in
order to counter-haiaiice the proGcrmanism of
certain British
as their London brothers.
leaders.
Or, as some neutral diplomats
5 The Lublin Poles also resent
summarize it:
Russia&#39;s opposition
to Polish ex"A Pole
will always
be a
pansion in the northwest, where
Pole whether
he&#39;s in
London
or Lublin."
the Poles
would like
to take
Illustrative of
how the Poles
over the German city oi Stettin.
are feeling
their oats
was a
6Finally,
the Lublin Poles remeeting which
took place
at
Moscow last week regarding the sent the tact that the Russians
row with Czechoslovakia. now insist upon bringing
outl Polish
The meetingwas
attended by
siders lnto
the Polish
govern
Russian Undersecretary for Formcnt--in 1inc&#39;withthe Hopkinseeig&#39;n Affairs
Vyshinsky: also by
Stalin conversations.
Stalin
ex-Premier lllikolajczyk
of the
promised Hopkins
to give
exPremier Mikolajczyk
of London
and other Polish leaders cabinet
seats in the Lublin government,
which means that some of the
Lublin Poles will have to give up
aSoviet puppet. started the retheir cabinet
posts. Naturally.
works by
ranting against
the
they are sore.
Czechs. esaid
the Czechs had
So it looks as if the Polish pup
no right
to Teschen.
asmall
Del pot, which once boiled against
coal mining
town which
had
llvn
n92&#39;i&#39;|nr!
ie nrnn
Fninc
-..92&#39;|.n|1ri&#39;nn
._..,...--an
92..,_..92....
.v-92..,,1.1
slung
alwa;~&#39;s been
Czech, but &#39;wl&#39;1icl1
simmering against its friends in
the Poles snatched away from
Moscow.
C.eehnslo92&#39;akia when
she was
powerless in
llltler&#39;s hands
llzuuls Oil
Cliurcliiil
alter Munich.
ONE OF
THE WELL-KEPT
Soviet Commissar
Vyshinsky
secrets of the last Presidential
emphatically ditfered
with lilocampaign was a statement Winrowski. He
pointed out
that
the Poles
have
peaceful means
the American
people to
reelect
for settling their disputes. should
Franklin Roosevelt.
not use the aggressive tactics of
the Nazis.
Finally Morowsl-ci
The statement,
however, was
subsided.
never
made
public. Roosevelt
heard what Churchill was planSoviet Holrl
Slips
ning to do and stopped it,
Hg
explained to
the British
Prime
OTHER UNCENSORED diploll-Iinisier that much as he
apprematic reports show that the Warciated his
good intentions,
the
saw-Lublin Poles
a_re getting
American people
resented outtougher and more developments
side interference in their politics.
which for
some queer reason,
Undoubtedly Churchill
was
have been hushed up by Europlanning reciprocity
for the help
pean censorshop:
which Harry Hopkins had given
1Twelve
Catholic papers are
l1_im twoyears before, At that
now being published in Poland.
time, the
winter of
1942, just 1 __, THE
There has been considerable opafter Pearl
Harbor. Churchill
position tn the Lublin
Poles by
laced growing criticism in Parlia- 1.so.~.x_i.o~&#39;"i arr"
Catholic groups. on the grounds
ment. &#39;
..,
that the church was being supSo Harr_y_xHopk_i_ns
went to
pressed.!
London and
"with Roosevelt&#39;s
inside diplomatic
reports from
Europe indicate that the LublinWarsaw Polish
government is
not going to
he
such a Russian
puppet government
after all.
Despite the
fact that
the
Lublin -Warsaw
Poles were
called all sorts of pro-Red names
by the London Poles, they are
now getting just
as
independent
and, to some extent.
arrogant,

92
.-

~9292:ondon
plus
Poles,
Edward
lilo-

-Wernment.
92li lo1&#39;owsl-ti,
though supposedly

ston; Churchill
prepared urging

y. ii}
X1

vusamoroii POST

D:lTE: Q2-3p V2

2Tile-!,<92!92_&#39;arsaw-L_ublin
_.I nles
blessing dropped the word quiet-

have indicated they want an alliance with the United States and
Great Britain
just as strong as
that with the Soviet. This, they

ly in
British political
circles
that the
President
of the United
States appreciated the ne coop.
eration he was getting from the
Prime Minister
and would
be

. ii/o+.F.;tt:ie
/it
_I

ll

- ~ii

at am. is 1945-I
IK_.92h_Polish
&#39;[uduarantee
in&#39;
P

ealready

demand-

__ V__% N

. _,.__.__,__._
,
_,_..-__.

sorry to see any change of British --&#39;-..__

leadership. "

~,,___

_.

..__

__

__.-. Id

">3

"" -&#39;=&#39;

_77:,-__ 3*-_-tfd; 4 W

l/

&#39; on

if?

-1.

g&#39;-.:;_._

~..
--1-1

.<.
-

,..5-..~=!f"f.""&#39;:1"&#39;-tfgrt;
;; .tl.92
n.-~
_ 7
. .P?. ..|_V _A

Record
sl. .

- .&#39; I

4- J

,__.,_s
-

Mr.Bclm

1&#39;
_.

_;.V;
-V _

,4 III.

-~~~.-1.-.-

Mr. Roosevelt did agree. giving

the Northwest Paci c e.nd _,g

powerful hand i_nManchuria.
Signi cant in this connection,
among the pre conference
docu
mentsffw
e.&#39;letter&#39;
trom_ Me,j,____

.0f_Q:A_-.Bqmb
Prog
ress,
j

_?Iant head
&#39;
nro
ec
_y"he "i hto92irer
-.
;qj1_d__Y?
:1.Wa"r&#39;
ers . i. _4;&#39;.f.. 1"
-I I Q
Mwli

v rnl
r

Pubiiaticncf lcne=s-=ret
;
Yei=

ta papersfailed
today

Miss Gandy__

ofthe.

pop;
. K

iwhichf delit! ope

b
The
letter showe _r
oosoveit was
"noti ed-;_-iand
j&#39;
approved,-progress.
on development reiirxne atomic-

""- 1""i

to still the
=

.1 /

if,/W

homb several &#39;wee_ks_&#39;_i;etore:&#39;

the
&#39;

n controversy that has raged -Koriea decade over."_t.hewartime Big-_,

_-Threen&#39;ieeting.".&#39;
- f.": # 3.&#39;---i
* .

Yalta meetin n-~&#39;

-; "-.&#39;-&#39;
1
Gen. Groyes letter. dated December 30. T1944."Predicted -the
rst atomie.bomb; .wou1d
be-ready,

The half -million-wordAmeri-i

can record-" o!the h1storio1&#39;seseion wasmade public last-night

&#39;
by the State &#39;De&#39;artment-&#39;e

,.-r,.
.M_

:,about&#39;
*Aueus_ii;
;1..;,1945.~;"=_
As -&#39;-it!
turned -"out?"the nrst combat
bomb was dropped on Hiroshima-

.
i

,on August
6. 1_945.&#39;_&#39;,Ia.pan
f_u.i&#39;_-_ i_&#39;
4-,
_ Three
U.
" The
record

M- >3

gendered
*&#39;ei.gh_t&#39;rda;rs
_1ater.&#39;-Vet ;

.p

-"

Mr. Harbo _______

Mr. Mob: __i..._._
Mr. Parsons +.___.
Mr. Rosen Mi.
Hr. Tamm .__..._.._
Mr. Sizoo _i_
Mr. Winlerrowd ..___.._
Tole. Room e.____.i
Mr. Holioman ",7

zhrssiemewstrategicpo1>&#39;i&#39;iiiUn m

.Rooseyelt_
Knew

o-19

-+"Mr. Nichols

_, ~&#39;.

<~

Hr._iTo1son
&#39;
Mr. Boardrnen

..*_.._

&#39;1/
r Q.
/

1. ? _&#39

jN. Votes for. Russia.T.

disclosed aisofthat

~uJ ,-

-Roosevelt
,
"told";Stalin and.

;- .

portedly ove the objectionlot

&#39;
L &#39;
U
/>1
&#39;
i_
P{sec of te- Eslhad
if-v
_I
&#39;i
:&#39;
._rassin:&#39;,&#39;
__T_
to
him
etoyield
en|*&#39;

!
1L

BB 003&#39;:
esaye83-i
pages of -&#39;documents_
,would
&#39;
not i
be made public how. The State!
Department gave no ot cial explanation as to whyhe changed"
his mind. -It, was understood,.
however, that the decision was-I
made after Republican Senators
crctested &#39;thst.~_
the ziee-.*.".
York T

&#39;92

Churchill&#39;it
was
other

-Russian
&#39;

very embar-

".".1f&#39;.~
,&#39;_"f"_,/5"
_i Ukrainian
and
N
";White
Russian
_.-_. L-.._92_|
__
_._.. ..~_&#39;r
-. ,_
IllC|.ll.UClSI.l.lp
R1].
Lh-E -rUIIILCIJ.
HE&#39;tions-giving Russia threeyotes
the General Assemblgn. "
They disclosedlong arsrumen
if Mr. Roosevelt and Churchil

- I

.&#39

1
3~

Continued
on_Page
ii 5. Col.1

&#39;*

Timeshadoh ained
e.&#39;cop!{&#39;o!&#39;

&#39;

the,paper&#39;s.211I - &#39;
- ;_
V5.7
"Atom
.__

1
--e3

demand &#39;
for

..f-Q?

."*&#3
iii

Bomb Date. Sot"ii,}~;

- ..{J1 _

The &#39;- papers;

disclosed thal_
Premier Joseph Btalin had made.

a veileifthreetfof "dir

cuit? " in

taking P-ussia_;_!
&#39;into
the &#39;
&#39;war
ii
against Japan
:-unless?
President

i aeii

Bmselglg
&#39;
agreed.-;,o
,-sweep!-nu

concessions,-.._.,_ ,-~&#39;Ii=_-_"&#39;
" _ .3.
...&#39;
";I

/T31-

~-

-92 ..921.N01 11%

~

WV

13Fq92

H
MR-22.
7955

."_&#39;i;

-T

- as-__
- " -""&#39;--..

Zi

&#39;
.~r:"" 1"
_

.-

&#39;
Wash. Post and
Times

Herald

Wash. News

_.
T"!.1

.._..._

Wash.
Star"I /E

i i;N.Y.Herald
Tribune
_._
&#39;_
I 5.?

N. Y. Mirror.all

,-rl

.7
-

__

._
-

.
&#39;-.
-

7* 92Tols on
MU Bblfd ln
Hr. Nichols
H . Belmqg
NI. Hnrbo
lhllohr
inn
Mr. Parsons
Hr. Rosen
H . Tlmm
ll . Sizoo

92,._e_
J
I".

-~35

O-19

1.

"2
.f__

_ _r_
r -.

i
|
-.5:

_ _

...

1%-r
.
*35
..
-IS

Mr.I&#39;inter;oTi_
Tele. Room
Mr. Holloman
_

*&#39;
Hiss,whose
roleat _tl1e
Yalta

Canm-enee has been rmm

verslal Issue for years. clertfled
some cryptic notes published
by

.=_
_
5,

Ni.-55Gnndy

the State Departmentas part of

the Yalta documents.

Elsa notes, written in en
amateur shorthand, concerned

the agreement at the 1945

Roosevelt-Churchill-Stalin

con-

ference to allow Russia three

Him was assigned at the Yalta

conferenceto keep
records

&#39;deal.lng
with the U.-N.
&#39;
He said last night he turned
his notes over to the State De-

and

iadvlse his superiors on matters

it-

.3
-&#39;
IA.

y /"./.

ALGEB KISS

ll
1

partment when heleft the service. "Lnthe hopethat the!

would
useful
be
to my a.ss0ci_ates."
-

Hiss
Says
He
Triedg

Hlss was released last November after serving three and one-

,
-1

qhalf yearsIn the Lewlsburg Pa.!

PFederalPenltentlrryfor
perjury

4}
l
ll

ToBlock
Soviet
Move

Iy theAnaciohd
Pun
1, NEW YORK. Mar. 1 T.
! 92

for denyingbefore
a Federal

grand jury that while e State

Department mclal he puss-ed
out departmentsecretsfor pne-

war R92.1lBID
ring. He has
&#39;
said
last
nieht
that
1&#39;l%i
-ocspyinn
l p&#39;;g1jq1
ence
ain
, his
8%

g_<,5fu11y
opposed Russian

It
1-

at tne Ya1m
Confer1proposals
admit ein-&#39;"&#39;=..bvrer
re-

re
slnee ease.

92______..-

r
luglics
asindependent
members
|
oi the United Nations.

1Department.
ments.madepublic
by
the State
Kisssaidhe has
Asked
about

.1

1Ukraine as well as for itself.

&#39;

&#39;:

votes in the General Assenlbly l

of the United Nations, then bellng launched. Russia got. votes
for White Russia and the

Tconsideredthat

the Yalta.
docu-

/3

r/1-id
V

my DOQUOH
8&#39;6

131 times was pro-unetini-D"

anti-Soviet.
U&#39;lB!&#39;
Ill1&#39;8-|;I!E!"

5,,
2 - 775 ~/9

-92~9292>
}l @.s2&>
&#39;
QL-92X "" ""0RnED

0-19
Mr. Toisoo _ic_n
Mr. Boardmao ___
H1. Nichols iii
Mr. Belmont _.i
Mr. Harbo in
lit. Hohr ___._._..___

&#39;
.

Mr.
Parsons Al

tHr.

Rosco

,.4;nens Aninm

tm t
Al Disclosure?fbowler hat-_the
|4-5
i une

In Yalia
Paper
Critical of

Roosevelt?

And ldeo of Giving

Hong Kongto Chino

ly the AnociulbdFrul
f
|

92

92

LONDON. Mar.
1&#39;1. Britons
were shocked and angered today
by
disclosures
in the Yalta napers-especially President
Roosevelt&#39;s suggestion
I-lone Kong be
turned over
to
China.
The Foreign O ioe and British
press generally considered Washington&#39;s publication
oi the records adiplomatic
blunder. The
"man in the street" was hopping
mad on
learning some
oi the
inside rnaneuverings at the conIerence.
Talk on
the morning
commuter trains coming into London
was more concerned
with
Yalta
than even the current
split in
the British
Labor Party
over
rebel Aneurin Bevan.
Critical references
to the late
President Roosevelt as a political
ochemer could
be heard
from
Britons who heretofore have almost universally revered him as
8great
statesman. &#39;

i
l

. British

-.
""=

The average
appeared hurt
two Roosevelt

Pride Hurt
Britons pride
particularly
by
suggestions m

Furn Hong Kong

over

to China

ind to exclude the Brtltsh from

the postwar
administration of

erce.
,,,"Hong
Kong,British
I
crown
colony for
11-l years. has been
built-uiunto.-the largest
bl tht&#39;oenterint.heFarEn-IL

-. 1.. _.
nngiisnman--l black

lk. Tamm .___%

Ni . Siloo ___n______-W
Winicrroiid
_i
Tclc. Room ______
Mr. Holloman i
Miss Gandy __-_

--

London : Wall
Street known as
The City" W8s
heard to any in
"a loud voice on one train:

Roosevelt

was mad ii he

though we&#39;d
ever give Home Kong
to the Chinese. Why, it&#39;s of
one
the most valuable places left in
the old empire. And it certainly
sounds odd compared with
t-he
Americans now
crying about
giving the Chinese a few barren
Jaiands right
in C hina s back-

yard."

We

Another remarked:
-"It&#39;s also
nice to know Roosevelt tried to
leave us out of Korea. I
wish
the British
soldiers who
died
ghting there
could have known
about it."
&#39;
&#39;_ C N!
l Bil Three Talks
As for
the prospect
of Big
Three Lain
the tenor
oi the
curbsmne debate was "who can
trust anyone
on diplomatic
aecreis."
_
The United States disclosures
immediately aroused
British
{ears that they would raise a bar
to another
Big Three
meeting
at the top level. &#39;I&#39;he conservative Daily Mail comment/ed that
the publication
could help
to
discourage ~&#39;the
Russians" from
joining in such a conference.
Both-Prime Minister
Churchill
and Foreign Secretary Eden advocate open covenants secretly
arrived at," contending that
the
|Russians use
public meetings

I091! for propaganda platforms.

When Sir Winston rst proposed

pa top-level
parley
years
two aao,
he stressed that it
should be
con ned to afew persons meetltnz in
privacy and
seclusion."

1
TAIPEI.
Formosa.
17
lP;.
Mar.
i Nat.ionalist Chineseo icials_
|b1tierl.7 familiar with the e ects
ioi the

Yalta conierance

which

::2ve
&riet
Russia spate! rights
&#39;1n Manchuria,
evinced only scant
interest today
Published by
the

Pep tqlen ,_

in the
records
U. S.
state

92&#39;r"--nr -

Q
the elections will be

s-

in 3

lair
.n=ag__L_oo
not
c

about Poles myself,

"Stalin: There are some ve

good people among the Poles.l

They are Sood ghters. OI

course. they

eht anions them- l

selves,too.
I
think on both sides
there are non-fascistand anti-

rgeat
Rowers
inthe"pos
warpe-

Prime Minister:
I
do not like
this Dositlon. Anybodycan call l
!IJ15"D0dJ&#39;
anything. We preler
the terminologydemocraticparties.
IStalin:

reler to the declara-

tion on liberater areas. On the

rioo wasdlsr.ussed
at a dinn

_i
i
F

whole
I
approve
it. I rindin a

certain paragraph the same ex-

pression,
anti-nazismand antifascism.
&#39;

_ President:This is the rst

example for the use of the dec-

laration. It has the phrase to

create democraticinstitutionsof
their ownchoice. The next para-

l
graph containsthe following:
Cl

to form interim

govern- i

mental authorities broadlF rel!-

sents-ltives
ct all democratic
-. it? ;.
{elements
in the population
and
.&#39;92
pledeedto the earliestpossible

112*
v1

v
__,.
.I

establishment
throughtree elections oi governmentsresponsive

to the will ot the people.

A "Stalin: We accept that para"arson
3.
&#39;
_
&#39; Like Caesar&#39;s
Wile

brunit of the war and had liberatedfromGermandomination

the small powersshouldhave

theunanimous
right
topreserve!
thepeace
of theworld.. . .
Hesaidt!Lstit wasriducu-E
lous to believethat Albania
would
havean equal
voice
with
thethreegreatpowers
wholgi
won the war and wcrepresent
at this dinner. . _ ._

"ThePresident
saidhe agreed
I
that the greatpowers
bore
thei

greater
responsibility
andthat
g
thepeace
should
bewritten
by;
thethreepowers
represented
I-i-&#39;
&#39;
"ThePrimeMinistersaidthat

therewasno question
oi the
snail powersdictatingto the
bigpowers
butthatthegreatnations
of
the worldshoulddis-i_

IPresident: want this election in Polandto be the rst one

,11keCaesarswile. 1 did not

ijznow
herbuttheysaidshetau
.pm.e_
.

"Stalin: Thel said that about

her.but in tact shehad her sins.
; "President:
I
don&#39;t
want the

Polesto be ableto question

the

_.Poli.sh
elections.
Thematteris

notonlyonecl principle
butor
lpractical
politics."

A little later Mr. Churchill

&#39;.
referredto the AtlanticCharter
and said he had oncesent an

interpretation
of his aboutthe
charterto Wendell
Willitie.the

1940 Republican presidential

nominee.
whodiedbefore
the

Yalta conference.

meeting
onFebruary
4. According to a recordmadeby Mr.
Bohlen,it went like this:
Marshal St-alin
madeit quite
plainona number
of occasions
that he felt that the threegreat
powerswhichhad bornethe

this table.
&#39;

beyondquestion.
&#39; It shouldbe

->1

Mr. Roosevelt asked: "Was

that whathLiled_him?"
Theree-

Mord
noteslaughter
in the
_ con,&#39;{_&#39;|*
r
terence.
The discussion
involvedwhethJ

chargetheir moralresponsibility
andleadership
andshouldexercisetheirpowerwithmoderation
and gneatrespect{or the rights
oi
the

smallernations."
DiscussU. N. Procedure

Alter StalinandMI. Roosevelt

hadleft the dinner.MI. Churchill and Mr. Edenwith the late
Be-cregrg
of State Edward R.
Stettinius.jr. discussed
voting

procedure
intheSecurity
Council
of the proposedUnited Nations.

Mr. Churchillsaidhe inclined

to the Russian
view

that the pro-

cedureshouldpreserve
the unity

of
the nThree.
apparently
meaning t they shouldhold
the real power
of
delusion.Mr.
Eden tookvigorous
exception.
according
to Mr. Bohlen,on the

ier France should be permitted

ground
thatneithertheEnglish
publicnorsmallnations
would
support
suchs principle.noon

ideclaratlon on liberated areas-

Brianlei obviously
in disagree-

lloter to associate it-sell with the

I-Sterw

Ml .Churchilland Mr.

oar:
voting
forrbula.
EE5s=%
itwould
pa--boats:-to ment"
Tb!
I
ulaevenmallzr
worked
the nu
Three.

Llenveit

a, _

st;

_<

The
question
ofthe-116:8-QL &#39;92e H1908
mtD e
Pro :.ii.~:~rs%1
or u

fascist elements.

Postwar
Planning.
K

outvested
decision
on-I-all-of

s.

peace primarily in a

-._..-h~ .--

.-

..a_4.-_ _,.

participation
.
of _sis ,&#39;
elected

tsmailer
nations
in theworkor

igouec1t;{igtYF;I
Councg.
-Each
e
ve was ven the
rxriaht
of&#39;veto_
onmaior
questions.

Asked
Secrecy
on

H>Inameet.inzonFe
litoosevelt.
Stalin
and
Churchil
talked about dlsmemberrnelrlt
of
Germany. Mr. Rooseveltjsaid
the rst paragraph or ;p_1.-opcsed
German surrenderterms did not
mention, dismemberment"_
nor

agate
%<1iea_su1&#
e sa.
. this
e tanned -to clear.
sham
Stalin&#39;s
view that it would be

better to include the&#39;_word_

U Churchobleeted
that fyou
don&#39;t
want to tell them" because

it wouldmakethe Germans ght

harder.

He said Gen._I!wlght

D.Eisenhower
was_c-ppoaed
to
;tBl1lIlg
UJEIH.S128-11D
&#39;_l8-l
C116
termsshouldnot be madepublic

until
thetimeorsurrender
and
! ToDlsmembcrandto !

I-ddedbl!-ml-13&#39;.
LI wantit agreed
put dlsmemberment
into the inrrender terms." . .

1 Mr. Churchillsaid he would

.l-Breeto a study "oi the ques-

&#39;t-ion
or the best means ol stud!-

ins a method -rot dismembermeat."

French Role Considered

Stalin said he -would ha&#39;ve&#39

objection
to accepting
comm;

formula
which
would
makedis;membennent
possible
andit was
uaventually
understood
that the
Pfiliolplcwas

to. Ger-

ml y was not dismembered,

except into Cc:2:.~.~ ~__lst
and Westem zones alter_ the g Three

LIDIIL
&#39;

"

_. _Mr.Cburchl1i|a.iBheicltthe

glrcnch
should
haveup- gqgupg
=tlon zone in Germany.

Stalin

11:1-imtioncd
whethertlis would
not

mean that

France would

fbeoome
a_"foo.1&#39;th
D wt-,r_1n
the

_o0ntrol
maehineryr
_ --.-ft
.

Churchill
memes
and

Fresident Roo vlils slew.

volt replied " at ,2:-.--can

get the people

in
no-operate
tally 1ur&#39;,{.n.toluenelna1&#39;rn!-_;.j.;-.~. I. lone tzlmcn-.

Ime I"E"...:&#39;
"I;&#39;l""I- yr
-&#39;

. ROOSBYBII-ml ==-_---*_ _

ustassatis ed
. . ~" *_
__&#39;hlle
she:-in ll,
,. . :w&#39;:.,
chine --.-..-T.- -"

-4

.1-__&#39;.&#39;_
_ ft}_ _ .++"." -1*

_r

%t

,_

n--V

Y <.
Q_ ~ "_".-I..;92,"._
_ . ,P<"-.=.--7&#39
1._
.r_
__
._..._..:.___
.

pairen
L
and _P or_ti
the:-were-0-bk
*

:__1;-1the same conversation Sta-

im Sindicatedto Mr.___Ro0seveit

...ILl&#39;1....dd.Iti0&#39;I:i..
a_qouestionvwas

K-v-III:

raisedas 1o&#39;Whether-H&#39;l&#39;E"p b-

.._,e_,___..- *

that ha.&#39;WB&#39;!i.Ql1-53<3@l1?

. -__
___---r.
.1.
_
_ -25div ons
o_1_7uoop;a
I9 tne_.1~
ar

w { ;
inan
;f
the"
notes
continued,
the
peoplerll
When.
-St, -

.5511
Q530:6
tm;?am1:&#39;
would
understand
the
not-ions!-Groin
5"- .511
?3&#39;. = 1&#39;
viServe
made10,-reasons "&#39;l&#39;
involved
and
lCEi&#39;mt.
it
would
be
..
1
it
wip ;geea
_as_
Fuel
ior- been
L _
mu m
&#39;rms1eshi;p1so;
&#39; I

01 na-

&#39;.&#39;J

Wlll l Befiilflfy
or elimination
oi verymucheasierto exp

10-&#39;Yar_
Dispuie
C

&#39; &#39;
-.--

4-I -"&#39;~.1;+1.-

__B

Rooseveltalso told Stalin

repetitious materialor to avoid deeigion to the Supreme Soviet. heMr.
hadlnmind for Korean" trus"The President
"needless"
otiense"to foreignna; . replied that he teeship
Russia,
United
tions.ar__to
individuals.
..H
_hadnot _i:u.ul.an
opportunityto by
- Continued From First Page!
andcmmnmuithe KoCut at Churchill Request
&#39;
talk to Marshal ilang Kai-shek suites
Two deletionswere made at and he felt that -one 0! the dini- rean people learned self-goverm
:2, with Stalin over their demands
Iulght
llgli
."92 for creation of tree governments the requestor Prime Minister culties in speaklnqrto the Chinese ment. which _lie&#39;t-ltolll
the._onlyesurvivingw&#39;that anything Bald I-0 them ts-its9 W 3 Yea"-j&#39;.l1?-"!.1..#i"
in post-war Poland and other, Clmmhill...
&#39;_Rnosevelt
agreedthat notorelgn
tothewhole
world
Eastern Europeancountrieslib- memberol the Big Three. Ad- orgknown
,troops should
be
in
~ 5-7&#39;
Jaclent
pa_ragre.phs
mmc:-.%
they E 24 hours.
era"v:d from the
.
Korea.- -_. _-_..=;&#39;=., ;4I=.%:1e&
Sought To lnternationalise
Mr.
Churchill&#39;s
ideas
.0
Stalin agreed to a declaration |I1"I16_d
saidhe thought
it
At another point Mr. Roose 1- Roosevelt
postwar position,
and procedures for setting up lo! France&#39;s
democratic regimes, But within a few years the Soviets solidied Communist rule from the
Baltic to the Black Sea.
The Big Three conference was
held at Yalta in the Russian
Crimea in February. 1945. RooseYdt. Stalin and Churchill had
met some months earlier at
Tehe-ran. mainly on co-ordi.nat-

la,
-r
5.
in;

for the British

velt said he would like to tair wasunnecessary
to participate, but they might
care
of
the Russian interest
had declined
to
agree to the using the port or Dairen
by
malt resent being left out. Stalin
publication,
&#39;
in: it an internationalized port said they would certainly be offended and should be included.
There were no major dlsclos- Herelatedthk to thequestion
o
&#39;
&#39; In addition to Mr. Bohlezrs
uras. The chief results of the Bong Kong.
Yalta conferencehad long since
"&#39;.l
President
he
said he hope notes.recordswerekept bi other
stail members, including Alger
the British would give back
H155. 8 State Department aide
TheFarEast-concessions
per;
-wvereienty oi Home K0112
mitt-edRussia to take over the [f];|_|ng"&#39;
the Bohlen recur later iznprisoded tor perjury in
-showed...and that it would th an denyins he had given docummts
the southern hall oi Sakhalini
become an intemationalized 1rec.ito a prewar Commlmistanyring.
Island and operationof the Chi
port. He said he knew Mri Itwasirihisnotesthattdr.

r|Evbb with these and pomlbly

military strategy can

Nazi Germany.
At Odds on German Methods

other omlssion s,
Mr. Churchill

h_Iurile
Islands
northofJa_oan.!

At Yalta they grappled with nese Eastern and South Man- churchm wouldhave strongubgltooseveltwasQuotedas nding
it very. embarrassing to put the
The Russians iections to this msgmtion."
great political issues,including churianrailroads.
Nothing
&#39; ever came oi Rouse Soviet Ukraine and Soviet White
the future of Germany. The rec- also gained rights in the Chi-!
O l shows they I-creed on

dis-

memberment of Germany in
principle, but not on how
it

nese Port oi Dairen and the lease 1 velt s idea about internationaliz- Russiainto the United_r{ato;|:|s
as independentmembers;&#39;1&#39;
_.; ~_i,
Nor for

oi Port Arthur as a naval base. jug Hang Kong.

Except oi the Kuriles, these

Kisskepthisnotesin aI|bre_vima wa.sDairen

internati
3
ated form, having taken them ln

were
rights
or
positions
whichi
But the overriding problem Russia had held 50 years before. then lost in 1905 through R
from
theAmerican
point
ofviewi
war with Japan.
l
should
be

cut up.

and Derhaps from the Russian-

one as well was Russia&#39;s

pros-l

Stalin Cites Dli&#39; c-ultles"

l

In
pective
entryinto the wari velt
lxatnst Japan.

s meeting with Mr. Roose- -

at Yalta on Februrny 8,
Russiaagreedto comein once 1945. Stalin said that if his conGmmW was defeated.The war ditions were not met "it would
in Europe ended May
7.
1945. be di icultfor him andMolotov
Russiaenteredthe cun ictwith to explain $0 the Soviet people
Japan on Auaust 9, 1945, three why -Russia was entering the.
J
d ys after the United States war against Japan."
A recordof this exchangewas
l3J _0PD0d
an atomic bomb on
by
Mr. Roosevelvs inH"&#39;5h11I1BJapan surrenderedtent

Aueusr. 14. 1915.

T118
azreement
between
Roose-

terpreter, Charles E. Bohlen. now

American
ambassador
inHos-E
-. -

veltandStalinonRussiairentrycow.
111!-0
the Pacifictearhas pro-

ML Bohleii
recorded
swimas}

ducedyearsoi Politicalcontro- saylngthe Sovietpeople under-i

versyin the United Sl ,3t35_

stood clearly the war against

Guppy which had threatened,

Denounced
buRonbucero
1
"theveryexistence
of theSoviet

New

RepublicanSenators Union,buttheywouldnotunder-i

, although the B18 y

that should
be
_done.
ans simnlir took over

longhand. There was no o lcial

Istenographic record of the coniterence, and the published necord. aside from dmcial docugneuis, comprises independent

accounts of members _0I_the

United States delegation

[7

v
Churchill
ll-e8"4&#39;:lin_
-"
After Mr. Roosevelt said he

,loundthe three_Uni_tcd
Ilation
ivotes for Russia -barrassing.

His-s
recorded
this reactioniron:

ch92ll&#39;Chl].1I
T -""t&#39;
Church:
ou pu .

{now
without
-causetrouble. _

_ The decision actually

!publicly_ announced
.Ya1ta meeting ended.
r leaked out to the

..5:=" -&#39;

3
, it becamethe plot 01 the
.
treatYaltatonoeviraesCritics

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;,_, _~!&#39;ebma1&#39;y.-1945.
President Bent by the United Sta
via "1_lavf_- "ma mum ; I explained
&#39;D.
Roosevelteonien-ed
i val Attache. Moscow,
i
.;.;: L;-3 1 Marshal Stalin in-it you
&#39;
_&#39;,P1-lmeltiinlster
Churchill at; ehanneis.
Personaland top aeere-Frm asked Gen. i-iurlev to call on .
_ _{.&#39;in
the Mediten-anean..
u

Iihurehill
and Stalin at
In the Crlmea, and again

~church1lI
at Alexandria
in

qeer. omitting
gran
t92mu
"
__&#39;
..

ea:to
271 the

ii

following sentence
army is doing so magtly that the hop would

&#39;
"; te Qlezandrlaconference.
consisted merely oi a priconversation on Febmary
Roosevelt
and

46%;:=.-1-;

_&#39;

Li. Toison
Hr- Boardmau
Hr. Nichols
himto explain
yourconcern
ova-1
Hr. Belmont __
China and to give him person-i
Mr. Harbo
ally
a
messageregarding a iu-
ll . Mohr
ture meeting.Stalin-,inte1&#39;1&#39;92iPt6di
Mr.
Parsons
to anythathehadbeenill with;
M . Rosen
the grippe when Hurley was in
Li. Tamm
Moscow.
um in meout hema?
M. Sizoo _.
days b t that
a time_he had.
HT. gintrrowd
been
for several
ks. He,
TCIIB. Room .____
Mr. Holloman _
haveeverseenhimandnot
5%? fill}? r%vered. I e iain
,
Hi-55Glody mi

ie
President
from _H%92&#39;rlm!i_k&#39;h_:f
I recommend the
"
-

. ..No unpublished doe&#39;u.

"_ tatlnn could be rqum1..
. N

be

0-19

_he was oi the President o

3*lY.1&#39;1&#39;I1!~11~.*_&#39;..-..-._-_.
.-

&#39;
MOSCOW. 18 Ju

$4

Personnel
we-up eerie 0.;

been
aletoal luke
it in__a
ew

bemuch
shorter
@ nd

than the one takenghz;-.__

looked
morewornounce
than1:

two years ago." The imiillca;

tion

of this

lentenee

is

Staliuiihould
__-nferenceo_g_f -menu
enemy oecupieliten&#39;lt-orv-Ea-.

swam"
ROOSEVELT
wmsaar.
s-mam
l 17 July.
Secret.

T0

use or the dancers

that
YOU
hid
in
mind
ameet
-- "TJ&#39;-=-ti*;:.~.&#39
t

inherent.

_ sucha i htlteel ialtmay

resentment on the part of

4
1in&#39;s
principai advisers which
l
ht jeopardize the prospects
0 the meeting itself. Because
the real tear that
I
ve of
Bent.to the UnitedStates of
inch a reaction by the
viets
I-val Attache. Moscow, via Navy
I have taken the liberty
holding delivery of -your
eata e
TQ Top
secret
l di
awaiting your reply.
&#39;_
- From the President for ?
Stalin.
&#39;
BTALIN TO R00 SEVBLT
&#39;I1ingeare
mo l tnofast I-Dd
Apparently _ransm1tted
by the
ecesafully that I feel there
let Embassy. Washington.
D6
I
IIIBBU-I18between you
Mr. Churchill and me in the
ecret and Dersonal from Prebly dear iuture." The
ln
r
J. V. Stalin to President F.
&#39;
Minister is in hearty aeD.
velt.
cord with out thought. 1 gm
share your ttirought about
._ now rm a trinin
the .Fm- East
the desirability of
a
meeting be_must be l.n Washington ior
tween you. Mr. Churchill and
weeks on my return. It
xmzaeii.
thereione; be_bestinrlme
However,
I
must say. that now,
nave 0. meeting between ithe
when the Soviet armies are in,Nl l.Dd 15!-hOI September, The
volved m battles on such {wide
<1 - ironl-. it would be impossible .!or
K..,_,
..5
- central point i
me to leave the country and de-C
I i l tobyehin
you , part for
a
certain period oi time
Wlhib
1-by _
11-om the conducting oi Irom
matters. All In! eollel -lee eon-

In the latter part. 0! Novem

rbut be iade
lndth
r
ta-Bitwaistoolate
A! kn the Mediterranean might
D1 &#39;id9
8 Suitable place. He said
lbI
meeting was very Bari:-&#39;
but that
tors would not
0 him to
I am "satis ed that
anxious to meet you

hishealth.
; nite o

5I

.reE.B1?>E1!?i
T".B.4!%!*&#39;:m

he55%
afraid
his _&#39;
.&#39;1
=.4e?i~
_oi=,.
14...F".F.19

..~ . Wi11_Y0u
oleesed hi
i

far-Mr-F
.f .f?*&#39;""
"&#39;-9
5,g1_1n~
at&#39;ouoe;
v._
_..-while
run ironed
1-W1
between
you.Churchill

. ..| meemm
could

R11, appreciatethat l -D39

..

mu;

is

wishes
with w&#39;ha.v=_
you. &#39;;.
PW M?

, gammathat 1-1115
lo warthere
it
qumm,political
ori_iilm..k_-no
ihltih I?
&#39;bn_

T$$miv21
D0019.fiE?Z3
/1

J_.,,J1. e

would
name.1095.
2? m- _

Wm

me
the
ved

no

hile
is-

alder it absolutely impossible.

..

. - July 22.

y ROOSEVELT

i
Ind

wmrltw.

hhmmee.en==i

er
-

can

&#39;92
&#39;

be

T0

4.

s-r

lite Q
nr
"-=."iteuee-et~r-1&#39;
*5 .._____&#39;
Ii
;
92"&#39;-"11":-.
.-."-4."
.5}--" &#39;
Top seeret. 7""

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&#39;
twaahingtoul"

&#39;

Number
&#39;-fl
,7. -_&#39;
3 -:. ",

_: _&#39;
"3 &#39;

3-eri6@. i~ or tviarahai Stalin

. ._-_-____;&#39;
__-~T..
9;;.7.-&#39;._.f_.___
irom
the President.
-: ,,
.
_r.|: ,r-.-,
...-.._,?,.{_.
. .. ._ __,_______

tut-enee
with
thePrime Q
and me in viewof

ee-.-a--..1.. MAR

21 JULY 1944.
32. Top secret and

the

, ___

g/ ",11&#39;
"solution

__

_-

zggretlatiril
s esim .

prefer
tdR88-l
in -I
d
I

wash
News
jug
talkswith Churchill8-5Pfe-

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I

.~

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arfia|TxtofStaieg
-1

0-19

Mr. Tolson .1
-I
i-*=_ Boardma .v-&#39;

g rw. Nichol

..ii>-p-no "i Pave

n Yalia Big
3
Parle
it

--_c.____..____i_..._.._.-.-.-._.__--~- -

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. lIi --_ - -4"-I1" r _
-- --x _
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I

I-ouowing
are
$8-liual
eIthe Srtate
compif lf

D8nf

- -i 7_

,I1
;

. 92

Bzlme
Minister
ls this thought.
inbean;
ae&#39;4_
neg-iis
heoi the conierenceslcor W
_ em

MissGandy@____

to

the -T&#39;
vesfall&#39;mse
um inr? &#39;rTm
now on a trip in the Far East

categories:
1 Minutes of international discussions
in
which
Yetta Bio Three c0r1.?&#39;erenCe.&#39;
American representatives participated with either the British or
the Russians or both; ! docu_ 1945, Pre "ident
a &#39;
ments which gured in the in-

gocume,-lg;
bcarini?
in 1718

INTRODUC1
ION
-3

&#39;
-__

Mr. Belmon
_
Il._1. .
1&#39;
M1. FIB]- DO
_--__.l,. .[_;/
M . Hohr it
Hr. Parsons _._m_
Ink. Rosco mwf
Iii. Tamm _i___
Ht. Sizoo i
Mr. interrowd _i
Tele. Room ___
Mr. Holloman _..i

and must be in Wasliineton for

several wee!-rson mrreturn.
It
would. therefore. be best for me
to
have
a meeting between the
19th and 15th oi September. The
most central ooint for you and
ternational
negotiations
at thetme would be fie north of Scot-

gnnkfgbllagoosevclt
coniehwd
Fm
&#39;
e.Mini5V1r
Churchill
an

coni&#39;erences.,
131 mtradelegation lami
I
&#39;~11d
H0by shin and you
wjm theMediterranean.
documentation
relatingto con-iu.1d
mm eitherbl Em?01&#39;
19"
Milhm
Churchill
8-11
5&#39;-an
M
Wl
in
ference subiects. . . .&#39;

Yd mm-11?

. . . With respect to the Yalta

conference there are minutes of
all international niilitary meetings
in
which the United States

.-i
..&#39;3

wiegypm
tchfnjclio
unpublished
5C ?
tation couldbe found- - -

t: .eQm
Alexandria
conference.
1 on-l chiefs or ste participated.. . .l
_i 1
which
0&#39;15*5t&#39;ed
merely
Ic-&#39;}
No eb8ruaTlv&#39;
records were found. However.
J4-_
I1

plane. Your army is

doing

so

magni cently that the hon would

be much shorter to Scotland

than the one taken
by
Molotov
two years ago. I hope you can

92

let me have your thoughts.

Secrecy and

security can

be

pm-are Roosevc!l-Chu."ch- &#39;

mntntained either aboard chip
I?"uolgotfseveltand orill the
meetines. There are minutea or on shore.

_~.&#39;Chl11&#39;Ch111
&#39;
&#39;
&#39;

sec

or notes on most oi the other

political discussionsbut these are

QF oveR_92GE

Roosevelt.

not so complete
or &#39;deflnltive
as THE AMBASSADOR IN TI-IE 1

The editorshi"? aimed" Dr?

HARRImightbe desired.
. ..
i SOVIET UNION
. wollme
. .
A . .3; in this
-e-.as de nitive
MANI TO THE PRESIDENT.
. . . For a majority of the
&#39;
comprehensiv
d
B
"&#39;9"&#39;g
I
Top Secret
political meetings at Yalta there
-1 LL-92
92l&#39;q&#39;|fn
55 YE-Lll cornerwill be
found
in this volume two
92ul run: innit
C1 QT.th e
MOSCOW, 18 Jule. 1944.
Ol more
o-1-.m -all"
z-.
.._-.- nnnnlinr.
___-_a..-s, g..........._LL"l Bent by the United States N?5.2.!
rel Attache, Moscow. via Navy
._". l
channels.
CharlesE. Bohlen.EdicardPayee,
J
or H. Freemen Matthews. or&#39;Personal and top secret for
rough notesin abbreviatedlong-_ U1 President from Harriman.
hand tal<cn&#39;b
Matthewsor Alger
I recommend that You con-11
pets . Hiss. . . .
, sider omitrinr from your mes.1- .~&#39;
The classi cation of the
docu&#39;
sage to Mershal Stalin your . . Q
ions do not 9*?
DIEM WP Secret. secret. con- i No. 27* the following sentence
&#39; ~ am collecdential. or restricted!is .in- "Your arinv is dolmz so "maenlillcancc
mom PI" hasnot eluded in the printed heading if nificently that the hop
would
um; to which access
suchinformation
appears
on thej be much shorter to Scotland
beenmodeeveilablc.~ - - &#39;5
few document
itself. It mould be; than the one teken by Molotov

==:...r.:;:?i
2:.=::..:... theform
ofminutes
iirepared
byf
]l:u.rpose
it was
necessary
w ob-it --h

i .?.. . 35=

zgett rsguifav
bePapers
1512&#39;
W

have not 5

noted. however,that in 1944and.

~., .==..;:
. i&#39;-631.."
1945 mam documentswere not;

two years ago.

- itxl

till92

Mnevero1ins:u.;ie
E . J:<:i:oiv
PIX
-HIGH.&#39; pr=l:.e::::.::$
.";;.: :?we

"| .

."*
/1 .
92<

The implica-

tion of this sentence is that .

classification. Marsha] Stalin should y over
althouehthey wen:handledas if enern! occupied territory. Beml lssxsmm m Presiden 1 cl92iss_ficd.
. . .&#39;
cause of the dangers inherent

92

//&#39;
,&#39;92

,1,

/1&#39;1

71*"
TPY/O FF? &#39;
I...

jIF$"-.-

moreor Mr. James

F- BYf_"5&#39;l
given any formal

II.-.1;
EH0-l:&#39;;
-r.- !
I &#39;

I&#39;hothatt.endcd
Y11"m."S

~Rooaevelt;M11AWN H&#39;am&#39;mu1&#39;
PRESIDENT
noosevenr-noi in sucha ight I feel there may

Inmbassador
to
U19
592"3E"

MARSHAL STALIN
.
17 JLIU, 1944

at um time.and111"
P
rs of Washington!
T11[hgcqnierence
PKPB
whoToll Secret.

Edward
R, Stettinius.
ll&#39;-of Priority
pg; present
as Secretangj
_
Bent to the United States
aunt 1;maybedoubted.
muNaval
Attache.Moscow,
via Navy
gun;

mu
myoiumetgleeiwgaic
channels.
5jg92&#39;ll.
l&#39;
C3.D

Number 27.
meor United
steer:-v lipersonal.
From

l ...
_

1//7

..._
u-,
..--_...
-

be resentment on the part oi

Stalin&#39;s
principal advisore which

might jeopardize the prmpects

of the meeting
of the real fear
such a reaction
I have taken the

itself. Becansrthat I have of Wash. Post and

by the Soviets
Times Herald
liberty of hold-

ing delivery of your message

Ibo secret and awaiting
Wash. News
roar reply.
&#39;

Thingsaremovirigcofpstandi
Mcrshai
Stalin
&#39; &#39;-hit
@
BUOCBS-S1111]?
I _thIso
B.
wn
BTALIIN TO ROOSEVELT
the President for

Wash. Scar

idraw -"&#39;
~ ._
_ eet1ns
betveen
You Apparently
secret
and
muIfam
transmitted
byPre&#39;
the N. Y. Hcrl3&#39;
.Churchill
and
?!"l!!-me
perm
~

-rtl 92~,J 3F59B-lbb

hour
I orTIN!

Illcl
-I
N. Y. --/""
uh

- L
A
I

/&#39;
ft . I

-.5
~

4
1

vqstau to Pr&#39;e&#39;l!I&rh I&#39;.

D.R_nosevelt..
. _.
T &#39;1!
share your throuzht

bmlt

op secre. 4_
thed_esirabi1ity_oi&#39;
a mteli 96&#39;;

"tweenYOU.
M1-._
cfhu:-chill
and
|
1.3135511 --.
J->4
.
.

-r
1
92
,<
i _-,,-i.
92
-i v

I1

_.

you please
deliver
, the

. :I meesal_=;e&#39;
ollowlng
to Marshal

I" However, I must say. that now.

_ _
.when the Soviet armies are in-,; Stalinat
- once: While 1 had hoped that the
yolved in battles on such a wide
; front, it would be impossible i or :next meeting could have been
* i_ne_toleave the country and de- ; betweenyou, Churchill and myllpart for
a
certain periodof time !sell, I appreciate that the Prime :"
wishes
tohaveanearly
from me condectuut oi trout I Minister
matters. All my colleagues con- ooniereuce with you. You. nat- ._
urally,
understand that in this..i
sider it absolutely impossible.
P&#39;
_*
&#39;
July 22, 1944.
i -1

RQQSEVELT
TO s&#39;rsr.mimmmi

Top secret.
_

l. e

"

- ....,__ ..-

-f mlnly.&#39;1nronnedyii1i&#39
all

.,_eMlr-5&#3
ii ?-""i
- I. . 1mo PRIME__Ialsok:no,92;vtl1_atthePrim_
ister
hatllto
estiROOSE&#39;V&#39;E.LT
m.-.u;e_o1
sngfaroseow
conversa-

"s&#39;t3&#39;;;.%
. stmrsrsa cnoitcaru.-;=-* uuns.&#39;.-"oa".my&#39;"part
=-w
585$
M

U"

the Ummd
&#39;53&#39;te5.that
ourconversations
wereex-

; ~l~Iava1
Attache.
London,
vie

Washington! 21 July 1944.

E; umber
&#39;32.
Topsecret
and

&#39;t *

1 Top Secret

rm Marshal Stalin
-4, ;;pe&#39;rsonal.
Preaident._&#39;
I
&#39;---. I I
fullyunderstand
thedif-

i Priority Z,

=-11,-;v
-=
92
t -1.1
>-

|trunel

yuseful tor the mutuol

views on such
attitudetoward
Number ezs, 4 October um. the future of Germany, the Polls!;
Htop&#39;
secretand personalfrom
f&#39;emnce
tnthePrirne
w Minister
I the President for the Prime Min- question, policy in regard to tn
nk hie in viewof therapid global war_there is literally no gimwl-_:
BaIluu1&#39;_
states,and .1n1_pc_>rt&
.,
.,
..
_milita_.ry
now being question. political or military, in
questions
of further military D01I
can
well
understand
the
realev. Du."ir&#39;-.g
the "conversations.it
guide but
I
hopeyou can keep which the United States ls not sonswhy you eel that
an
hn-92
inch 1- conference very much intitsbeenclari ed
thatwecan.
interested.
I
am
rmly
couImlnd and that we can meet as
without great di &#39;icu.lties,&#39;
adjust
thet the tiara es
m
ascertaining of
_,;"Washington.
1,Otober.
1944.
question sas the

3&#39;|lcillty_
oi{your
coming
toacon-

my&#39;
aspossible.
Such
a meetst-ouldhelp me dornestieally oniythethreeoiuacanilndthe

1mediate
meeting
between
your-,

92sell and Uncle Joe is necessaryour policyon ll! questionsstand-

before the thrm er us can iret

solution to the still unresolved together. The questions which
questions. In this sense, while
rtirmer atratetlcal decisions. appreciating the Prime Minis- you will discuss there are ones
which ere, ofcourse, of real tn-

ing before us, and ll we are not

in a position so for to provide
an immediate necessary decision
of or
this
that
for?exam-

*-Q31? approaching the time

_&#39;
ter : desire for

-.2&#39;.

l-

TO

the meeting;
I
iiterestto the UnitedStates.as 1

but
Prefer to regard your forthcom- 1 know you will agree.
I
have ple, on the Polish
ms talks with
as pre- therefore
instructed Harriman nevertheless, more favourable
perspectivesare _ope_ned._
I
hop?
liminary to a meeting of the

&#39;1-an

. .- .i..;P1?eF5H.3ENT-

I to standbyandtoparticipate
as that these&#39;Moscow
conversations
will be of somebene t I1-ourthe
pointof viewum at thenjture
informed Stalin. While natural-

threeoIuswhic.h.soi&#39;a.rasI my observer. if agreeable to you

s";&#39;;"}reL,..mose=>w.
34senam
concerned. can take place any i andUncle
Joe
. andI have
so
_ ber 1944.
&#39;f_
Personneland top secret to
the eyes of the President only

.e
1.

time after the electionshere.

In the circumst-ances. I
BUEBBSEHI. if you and

shall
ly averell will not be in a posi- meetingoi! three 0! _&#39;IIl.
-I could not permit anyone to sionson all urgent.tzuetiori_s _oi

am
Mr

G811_ni_betion to commit the United States be able to adopt de&#39;_

Improve.
that our AEierevuo.
.. .5 &#39;Chl1P-NU
in M050 ,be mean
1
C_i&#39;CD.I.D8
1 explained tot bassadm,

advance
he will
;commit
be ableme
to in
keep
me fully
in- I ourmutualinterest.I.;

l nu.&#39;_Hurley
Stalin
that
had
observerfor me. Naturally. Mr
&#39;
toyou
esum
Harriman would not be in a po-

at your coming conference as an

"

&#39;0
ROOSEVELT
Seven pa.ra l&#39;lPh5
1ld_%
-5?

formed and I have told him to

return ind report to me as soon StateDepa rtnseni:.i
-,._ 1
is over.
sition to commit this Govern- as the..coni&#39;erence
Pamrraphas
I
via llelishted
,_1&#39;i_1lna
ind to live him person- ment relative to the 1m;-;@F,g_n1
11 J." Churchill&#39;s
I am only sorry that I cannot to bear Irom&#39;
igng
a
message regarding a 1uwhich
you and the be with you myself,but !am pre- usual retereuoe to Uncle Joe"
fture meetini. Stalin inwrr-rif d matters
Prime Minister Will, very mg- pared for e.meetlnz of the three Staiin.l That you had suegmted
oi us any time after the elec- a triple meeting toward the end
%
port.
The above messagewill indi-r tions here. for which your meet- oi November at a Bloc!

himto Klll in
your
4%DC1&#39;_1"l
over

zomythathehadbeenillwith
to you that I wish you toi
ue
grippe
when
Hurley
was
incate
Participate as an observer.
oeoow.that in the Do-Bi11! hid

I
I

ing _w1_tb
Uncle&#39;Joe
should be 1 think um a very one idea and

a umiul prelude. and I have so

genabietoshakeitinaiewl
Hays
but
that
this
time
he
had
1 W1 loll you quitefrankly.

informed
-&#39;
Uncle
Joe.

hopeyouwill let meknowabout

It in due course. "I will

come

I
butIor youonlyandnot to be, Like you,
communicated under any ctr-

rumstancesto the British of mg

uauans,that I wouldhave very
ill for several weeks. He uch preferredto have the ng
of
more worn out than I _Mermce betwan the three
tor. the very reason that
I
er seen him and not as &#39;
ullv recovered.
I
explained .ave stated to the Marshal. -I
hope that this bilateral
had In mind a meeting Iould
ter part of November nierenoebe nothingmore than
it was too late ior - preliminaryexplorationby the

Z-_&#39;
attach the great anywhere you two
importance to the _contlnue_dROOSEVELT IO CHURCHILL
unity oi our three countries. I

am sorry that

Tpp Secret.
18 Ho -&#39;ef"u
1344.vei&#3
I&#39;eB&#39;n!!l!I&#39;t"agree

with you. however, that the!i .._- It d6estnot&#39;seeu:

to_me
voting questionshouldbe raisedl that the French
Jim-

at this time.

That is a .l11_at-terii
emment should take part in our
next conierence as such a debatlsure. work out together and I ing societywouldconiuaeour eshope you will postponediscussion sential issues ..-.--&#39;L
_ .
gotituntilourmeeting. &#39;I bereIs,:
_1=t0Qs.&#39;vE1.&#3

iwhlchthe three of us can. Iain.

ritlshandtheRussians
leadingPatter all. no immediate urgency

...edlte.1-r-...mu might
,about this questionwhich is so . BECREIARY O? EI ATE S&#39;I&#39
ble place. He said jl-iii I-6_i ftili dress meeting bematlvrel:.%topublic
opinion
&#39;
TIHUB ID HARRLMAL
desir- tween thethreeof us. You. ;in the_Unitedtates and Great
. .111; additiontomyselfand
his itherelore, should bear in mind
lthat there are no subjects"of
Bohlen, whom you know about. 1
Fiiiseusslon
that
I
can antic! to
ai ~&#39;
&#39; with me to Argonaut

;TEhIean-rtha
Prime
nl

wizm

Mlt f

s.
..

--

_-

,materlal

will
be

re uired

and

tars,andfourmenwhowillact&#39;that
the material
V%Tl" UE ~ksS1;

*|;....#-;gq"_et.ar1e.s,
, . _ ---_--_-.._.,,,
leuf&#39;
cle tly
used.
Weshould
have|
-exemrree-<-1
hate with a W115 r Jjhg
icient material
for
the rst
bomb
l
sometime
.
the latter part
of
July.
1

CHURCHILL TO R.OOSEVELT&#39;S
!!&#39;_ lpl0S10l
type

the
German
Seemed
to R-

Eresldent then said that

he understood
thebut he went
lappeared
to agree.
zones
: rB&fd&#39;io&#39;0ccupation
ol
Marshal Stalin . .. said the lon
to llsay
that one outstandln:
,d Germany
were already agreed
.German5 B Bamges age!

-&#39;
Top Secre-Q.
_
London. 22, October, 1944.l=.."~ &#39;,.. ld.i.,&#39;Jl&#39;|.E
deletes. oy
hatred
State Department.!
The plan
of
operations while-N
Para.s.g_
We. Chd.rch.iI1
andbased on the more certain, moreStalin! also discussed informally .power|&#39;ul
gun-type
bomb alsol
rovides for the use
of
the iin- "

the creative work oi

upon, to

which

Marshal

Stalin

{question was that of a French

ihu ~nn:=tl
with
.53
.-aareed
1 mi i.5t
jzone of occupation. The Prs;I Marshal
SP8. mt-an
133:1:11
ldent said he had had a good
the
l&#39;l&#39;llllT.Bl&#39;{
51&#39;-115
Jiploslon-type
bombs
when
theyabout
&#39;
iron .
ofeal
troubl
with
the
Britis

1-&#39;92=_!
D8 -l~1ii-l!&#39;=
titlon
of Semen:-wbcocme
available.. . . ifiiaie De1
U-J. Want-S
P l nd. Czechoand- partment deletion! the time

mg.Western

id hefeltthat n

regard to zones of occupation.

ThePres1d:w11el}:BgMm_g
clgse
he said that he would
of
lhnvel
Hungaryto form a realmor ln- [schedule
must not be adversely1theOu81r:ntiShave
eon!-act
preferred to have the northdependent anti-Nazi pro-Russian
5 e-cted by anything other than
g
. between

states. the

rst two oi whichitne difficulties of solving our.

might Join together. Contrary; scienti c problems.

to his previously expressedview. Composite Group.

The 509th20th
Airl

be would be glad to see Vienna. Force, has been organizedand;

the capital
of
a rfederation
of
it is now undergoing training as]
South-German states. including well as assisting in essential;
Austria. Bavaria, Wurttemberz. tests. .
|
and Baden. As you know, the
L. R. GROVES,
i
idea
of
Vienna becoming the capMajorGeneral,
U.
S. A.
I
ital
of a largeDanubian
fedora-I llndorsementslz
,
- tion has always been attractive
To SFW
I
think the fore-1
.92
1,-3..
to me. though
I
should prefer no going proposal should
be
apadd Hungary, to which U. J. is proved with your concurrence

-west :&#39;hr
zone which would be inlaid
hehoped
593E 5enho
, Could ;Q[ni&#39;nl.lIllCBl
directly W dependent
of
communications
but
"&#39; stiilipVvgrc
8. ghrough
DCl France.
seemed
to
think

92

it =

the British
that
the

"91 ?lmpolmantjamericans
should restore order

ht
&#39;l"&#39;
I. _1?.
_,_-...lsee.
that the st-a sl.&#39;.n
France and then
{while
here
would
work out the political
control to the
92"T
details
of

this suggestion.

Marshal

H. The President than inquired whether

" how Marshal

Stalin

had gotten

alongwith Gen.De Gaulle.

i.

Stalin

return
British.

inquired

the President thought

IFrance should have a cone oi

|>ccupation,and for what reason.

Marshal Stalin replied that he Q The President said

thought
had not found
De
Gaulle
a
vet? Flt was not a bad idea. but he
strongly opposed.
;
,
5G. C. Mtarshalli.
1
Para. L As to Prussia. U. J.l
The Sec. oi War and the
complicated person, but he felt added that it was only out oi
wished the Ruhr and the Saar, President both read this paper .he was unrealistic in the sense ltindness.
=2detached and out out of action la 1&#39;1
that France had not done very i Both Marshal Stalin and Mr.
d approved it. l2 .&#39;l0&#39;!
L. P.
much ghting in this war and Molotov spoke up vigorously and
| FOVCSL
1&"{=&#39;5Es1-&#39;u.Eee;
in-ternationdl
-1G.
De Gaulle demanded lull rights said that would be the only leacontrol and a separate state:
TO ROOSEVELT . trim the l92_!nerlc-ans.
British and aon to give France a none.
formed in the Rhineland.
He CHURCHILL
would also like the inte.rnationall
Russians who had done the
State
Department
deleted
~&#39;*.-_g&#39;;
TRIPARTITE
DINNER.
I
am} four paragraphs!
I burden oi the -ghting.
l LL,
I ization of the Kiel Canal.
MEETING
._ The President then described .&#39;
lief not opposed to this line or
Para. 5. Major war criminals
thought.
..
*
. &#39;9.
o
his conversation with
De
Gaulle
U. J. took an unexpectedly ulFebruary 4. 1945. 8:30 p.rn.
in Casablanca two years ago
Livadia Palace
DEPARTMENT
OF DEFENSE tra-respectabie line. There must
&#39;
. when
De
Gaulle compared himFILES
~be no executions without trial.
PRESENT
r
otherwise
the
world would say -self with Joan of Are as the
United
States:
President
The commanding general?
ispiritual
leader
of
France and
District
project. we were afraid to try them.
Roosevelt. Mr. Byrnes. Mr. Har, . Manhattan]
i with Clemenceau as the political riman
and Mr. Hohlen.
Grovesl. to the Chief of Sta .
L leader.
Dmted States Arm}: lMarshalir:&#39;
.Un.ited Kinadom: Prime Mini
Marshal
Stalin
replied
that
De
Top Secret
War Department.
i
3 Gaulle does not
seem
to under- ister Churchill, Foreign Secre__ _ Washinlrton.
February
4,
1945.
4
pm.
!
stand
the
situation
in
France.
. .. tary Eden. Sir Archibald Clarl:
I- December 30. 1944.
Kerr and Mai. Bl:-se.
P
The
President
said
he
had
reLJVADLA PALACE
Subject: Atomic P $i.* r:Bombs
P Soviet Union: Marshal Stalin.
__cently heard that the French
r To: The Chief OI Sta
&#39; &#39;
Present
i
,&#39;Foreign
Comrnlssar Molotov, Mr.
&#39;5Soviet Union
, governmeht did not plan to annex ={IVyshinsk}&#39;.
It is now reasonably certain United States
Mr. Gromyko and
Eoutright
any German territory
that our operation plans should
_I-ir. Pavlov.
- but they are willing to have
it
President
Marshal
Stalin
&#39;
l be based on the gun type bomb.
i placed under international conRoosevelt
Foreign
which. it is estimated. will protrol.
Lop Secret
Comrnissar
duce the equivalent
of
a tent h!.r.Bohlen
ubiect: Voice
of
smaller powers
Marshal
Stalin
replied
that
v.-as
Molotov
thousand ton TNT explosion.
&#39;n
postwar peace organization.
not
the
story
De
Gaulle
had
told
Mr. Pavlov
The first bomb. without previous
: : : Marshal Stalin made it
in Moscow there
he said the
Bohlen Minutes
full scale
test
which we do not
uiie plain on a number oi ocRhine
was
the
natural
boundary
Top Secret
believe will be necessary, should
of France and he wished to have asions that he felt that the
.&#39;be ready about 1 Aucust 1945ih 5 ..
biect:
General discussion.
French troops placed there in great powers which had borne
- VThe second one should be ready j l. .Tl"
the brunt 0; the war and hac;
President said that he
permanency.
verated f
7
dominiby the end of the year and sucLlad been very much struck by . The President said he would
ceeding ones at
.
. . Si-ate De "i f.he extent oi German destrucnow tell the Marshal something
D rtment
deletion!
intervals
v
.
I18
on
of
the Crimea and therelndiscreet. since he would not
.-1 ore he_ _
thereafter.
.
was more bloodthirsty _ wls to say it in front of Prime
our Dmdomhopesthat anine
nad
been
a
year
a
o.
and
n regard to the Germans than
E ter Churchill.namelythat

ROOSE v&#39;El..T-STALIlN&#39;
MEETING

QTBohlen
minutes:
.

on the
_

we

implosion
compresslnm
type
;_ _1ll!
Marshal
Sta11$WU&#39;ll&#39;l&#39;d
:;_pedk _Brltlsh_fortwo years have
bomb might be developedin the.

18% shrine have now been dissipated hr scienti c dl icuities

F"
&#39; we have not as yet been

ve.

I&#39;ll:
pwis.

d these dlmcultsaa are thattnm-e !

propose a toast

to the

the idea
of
arti cially
g up France into a strong
which would have 200,000

L onthe
Eastern
border
of

"1

to hold the line

for
the
required to assemble a
&#39;Brii.lsh
Army. H=said1he

-"*1
.1

* &#39;

>
- andthat
he
personally403-J-L131
Fr B-IlL ,_
h 0}!ld _.Dlay apveloylrn
&#39; -

;_-;.-;-v_;r.f-::-r-&#39;*__
-,.
!-ii l
-<
..
..
. Y
- .;-.--

Dortent

to
c.

He ._, - went on

for

to0.1:say
that
Great--Britain
didonly
the
areumhe
0Dl1Id~sel&#39;Ve
no
a
.K_&#39;i$h
.t-o _bear_
itheeghole
"~"*-*&#39;interest
that that -"
"2

Riser
ititsol

question
oflionor

U1 neuuruq
q
- . LU i I-JU 924l&#39;JBI|-1}
co
.
weight of an attack by Germany that PolandDbe
free.
independent
in
the
future
and
!or_this
reason
;n.t.he
ationai arena -the_
an po werl ul ItisnotonL7at1
n
113* -.-73
1.3
Soviet Union was prepared to
= they would like to see France
pay its share in the preservation 1
dmth for&#39;
the Soviet state 1. That
actually,=
"to
- ,, f i_nvade_&#39;
the
H
said it miss
prob- is why Russia today is B835-115%
iotpcace.
He sald that it was large Brmy.
J
ai!l1118$9
islan
s_an_d_.__a;ou_ld
do
lernatical how long the" nUi:,ed
lrldlwlous
tobelieve
th.at_Albanla
only if ab _1ute.ly__-_pepessar
l States lorces would he able to the Czarist policy of abolition or
;youidpi-lave
an,equalvoicewith istayln Europe.
Poland
We have completely The Japanesehad 4 piillion me:-.
&#39;
ithe three great powers who had
their -army a d he hoped by
changed this inhuman policy Ind
won the war and were present . The President replied that he started a policy of Iriendshi-p and intensive bombing to able to
did not believe that American
It this dl er.
estroyJapanandit-5 IlIl_&#39
and
for Poland This
ii
troops would stay in Europe independence
is the basic oi our 90111:!and Wei
much more than two years.
favor a sirens indep d t P01,Marshal Stalin . ._
. reputed l_n_nd.
1;
.
. . I preler that the war the ---;-s-*-s-r1eiii>&#39;nv-;.ri
that
he
wished
to
see
France
a
Marshal Stalin said h_e,did-_~noi
taln to protect
e
ts of
continue
a
little
longer
and
give
strong power but that he could
. 3.2
3Poland compensation in the West object to the United States hav_would
never
agree to having any = not destroy the truth. which was at the expense oi Germany. .. . Lng;basesat Konllsomolsgpr at
.1,
that
France
had
contributed
lit. "notionof any oi the great powers
Now as a military man I must Nlkolaevsl-:.
Far East: Russian Desires.
submittedto the judgment of the tle to this war and had opened say
what I demand of
a
country
-"&#39;..ir
-the
gate
to
the
enemy.
In
his
powers.
. .
i
Following
the discussion of
he said, the control com- _liber-atod by the Red Army. First
Presidentsaidhe agreed
lgopinion,
-.-r,.;__.
certain military
questions in.
.-,there
should
be
pea-ce
and
qlll
t
mission
{or
Germany
should
be
_ t the great powers bore the i
-r
volved in the Far East, Marshal
"in
the
wake
of
the
army.
The
run by those who have stood
later responsibility
and that
Stalin said that he_would like
rmly
against Germany
and men of the Red Anny are indif- to discuss the political
pace should be written by
condi14>-g three powers represented at have made the greatest sacrifices
&#39;ons
under which the
USSR
in bringing victory.
_
table.
ierentasto whatkindof gov-101-116
611&#39;-81&#39;
the W8-1&#39;
I !-Zlin t
&#39;-.&#39;i~.&#39;
The President remarked that r they do want onethat will mainf;s.&#39;I
Prime
he Minister said that
tam order behind the
The
.&#39;t!:e:&#39;e
was no quation
of the he had also been through the
The President said he felt that
liublin Warsaw government ful- here would be no di icultf-&#39;
_srna.l1 powers dictating to the
Ifils this role not badly. There hvhatsoever in regard "to the
1..-<
&#39;
M8 Down"! but that the great na- very vividly that the Unite
.o1 the world should dis- States had lost a great deal oi
Fouthem hall oi Sakhalin and
1-8325&#39;
idaaz-ge
their moral responsibility money. He said that we had lent ernment connected with the socalled
underground.
They
are
Ind leadership and should exer- over $10 billion to Germany and
ussia at the end or the war.
@ their powerwith moderationthat this time we would not re- called resistance forces. We have
-_--a gird neat respect for the rights peat our past mistakes. He said | had nothing good from them but I-Io said that in regard to warm
Tzvater
portinthe Far Eastfor
that in the United States after - much evil. So tar their agents "re IJUYICU
""" U"io&#39;*
&#39;"* "al
Ll Ll, BIICMI-IBIJ
&#39;
said to Mr. Bohlen that the last v.-ar the German prophave killed 212 Russian military ltecalled
that
they
had
discussed
{they would never agree to the erty that had been sequestered men. . . . When I compare the that point at Teheran. Headded
agents or both sovernments I that he had then suggested that
q.
during the war had been turned
find that the Lubiin ones are the Soviet Union be given the
J15! the acts or the great
;
back to the German owners. but
useful and the others the con- Use o!
Qowers, and in reply to an ob- that this time he would seek the
a
warm water port at the
trary.
. .
by Mr. Bohlen con-l necessary legislation to retain
fend of the South Manchurian
the
opinion
oi
American
Prime
Minister:
I
must
put
for
the
United
States
all
German
railroad, at possibly Dalren. He
.
people he replied that the AmeriDroperty in America. .. . The {on record that both the British went. on to say that there are
5 I_-I1
people should learn to obey President concluded. .. . That
and Soviet governments have two methods for the Russians
different sources of information to obtain the use of this port:
2??-7.their leaders. Mr. Bohlen said despite his desire to see the devthat 1:Mr. Vyshinsld
wouldvisit astated
i
in
Poland and get di erent ll Outright leasing Train the
area in all countries,
in
,_1 the Unitedhfhteshe woulduseiithe Soviet Union, in Great
. 4-tests. Perhaps we are mstaken Chinese;
! Making Dali-en a
. -.4.
13
but I do not feel that the Lublln free port under some form of
Britain.
in France, and elseHr-. L
e American people. Mr. where, restored. he felt that
government represents even one international
commission.
He
Vyshlnski l&#39;923p1iBd
that
he wouldi reparations could not possibly
third of the Polish people. . . . said he preferred the latter
-be
also
to
do
so.!
method.
"
cover the needs. He concluded
;The Prime Minister, referring that he was in Iavor of extractROOSEVELT-STALIN
Marshall Stalin said there was
In the riehcsor the Smallmi-, ing the maximum in reparations
MEETING. &#39;another
question and that in-if !1Jl".."l.rave a quotation which from Germany but not to the
an"
l
February
8,
1945,
3:_30 p.m._ volved the use by the Russians
laid: The eagle should permit extent that the people would
inf
fhll
MQ
hIIFtl
Ho
.-aunt...a-nu 1I||i&#39;|1:&#39;=?
A341"
J. ~ala.
Livadia Palance. I. DlI92-1
.,r. the small birds to sing and care starve.
.
. .
isaid
the
Czars
had
use
oi the line
Present
X
ing from Manchouli to HarUnited
St a t e st
President
THIRDPLENARY
MEETING =R.oose-velt,Mr. I-Iarrlman and Mr. in and Iro mthere to
snconn Pnanaar MEETING.
ur. as well
as
the
Bohlen.
February 6, 1945. 4 PM.
.92
~ U1 -.-.
--&#39;|iu1"L
...... -1 staun_.u... e from Harbin running east
Livedia Pale-.2.
E %&#39;I&#39;1&#39;iMorph;
.&#39;
Fel_92!".:ar&#39;y
5.
less,
4-s
pm;
_.
.
Liv-adia Palace
.iForeian
Commlssar
Molotos
and
Matth.-ws m.l.n|.Ite5.
Mr. Pavlov.
-_Bohlen Minutes
I
I
should like to
&#39;
Ibo Secret
- President:
Bohlen Minuts
.
bring up Poland As I said in
"subject:Treatment-er 0,1-- lTeheran. in general I am in favor
Top Secret
i
&#39;
Many.
I
.jAlrBasesin the For East
or the Curzon Line. Most P~le=.
Y-_The Presidentsaid that -with
".rE&#39;.E""*..;.l* =1-*
* 1E.&#39;*!-led
like -the .Chln-ese, want to save
-,-= l"92-"Ill-ll u. would nnng I1 Ii-oe. .. The Iyales
wouldhit: {the fall of iliianiia the Wlif in the
l_Pacillc was entering into a
East Prussia and part of Ger.5!!! -four nations imteed ofl many It would make it msier
it
lm Pyr cloa nz in the deter-5 !or me at home I! the Soviet
urination at G-erman-motion...
&#39; U12
937E
government
could&#39;iive
something
1" e. Prime jllnistq-__rpl1ed

and
people
him

e to make
iplans !o.Er"&
mE"&#39;somm
&#39;01 e

qugstion
ofhonor
butofhieand310966
U151;
it would
pointnec-

strong
andlg posses.-;;on_
a
jo1

-0

-31

saidthather
k, -.&#39;_j_M.l_.rahni1Sta.lin
Prep!-l&#39;od
-in
ooncerywithi
&#39;;Unlted
summmsmormr
1

% anallpowers
butthathe

-ti
lw

ermnent
there
isinPol-and
but
g- pall
-- -

last
war
and
thatheremernberes

areagents
of theLondon
sov-

gigKurllue
Islands
Boing
to

g .the
smaller
natiois.
Mi-.&#39;
gym
of
thesmall
powers
to

:2set?
him
undertake
tomuthat
if

r-rs:

potwhereior
theysang
. . ." i

I111!!!
complications
it weshould

@%
i ="
in "wejhoped!
new
phase
and
that

__
__&#39;l!"&#39;!elt7
__question
that-t1tls;|g];g
Btelm: The Prime I-Fir...- ehis
ter
ml:
oi-_-the
E
01&#39;
Pnnoe-_in flu:-ope
&#39; ii -{hit

,-H._8a_.t_cl
the _.

for Great B&#39;l&#39;l l!&#39;.i&#39;1:1e

question oi Poland is a question

W __ ___m_,_u: ,_,..Y,.
n--_--at
wlnvwsv
7~.1- -.

h
is

is

or

toNikolsk- Ussurisk
conng tlilg
-ilnora-._n;ith the Kaba.rov-

i Vladivostok line.
o
~ The President said that again,
although he had not talked

Marshal
Chiang
Kai-shei:
onthe

lSov&#39;iet,
an Americanand 1!.Chi-_.

;neserepresentative."Hesaid the

methods of b!&#39;LTi8i!1
this about:
! To lease under direct Soviet
operation; ! Under acommis15101]composed of one Chinese
and one Russian. .
| Marshal Stalin said that it is
rolear that if these conditions are
not met it. would be difficult for

only experience we had had in

jthls matter was in the Philip-

jpines where it had taken about

:50 years tor the people to
be

[prepared for &#39;"

self-government.

.L..He
felt that in the caseof_.H.oi-ea

Thirnand Molotovto explainto

the Soviet people why Russia was

Fentering
the waragainstJapan.

Theyunderstood
clearly
thewar

Korea."_&#39;
__
&#39;I
.. The President replied in the
negative. to which Marshal
,Stalin expreesed&#39;approvai.&#39;
1

of the Soviet Union, but they

would not understand why

Russia would enter a war against a

11 The President
then saidthere

lrcountrywith which they had no

was one question in regard to

lgreat trouble. He said. however,

*3 .
;-.=&#39;_

E
513

&#39;.-P.

LUthesepolitical
conditions
were

4110&#39;-.
F-be De llle would under3stand the national interest in{volved and it would be very
much
ieasier to erplai nthe decision to

theSupreme
Soviet.

had not had an opportunityto

talk to Marshal Chiang Kaishek and he Ielt that one of Lhe

oi icuities in speaking to the
Chinese was
that
anything said
to them was known to the whole
world in 24 hours.
Marshal Stalin agreed and
he did not think it was
in
ssary yet to speak to the
l hinese and that he. could
guer-antee the security of the
Supreme Soviet.
Marshal Stalin went on to say
&#39;1
V. .Boong was expected to
come to Moscow at the end of
iApril, and he said that when it
-; was possible to tree anumber
of Soviet troops in the West and
move 25 divisions to the Far

for Indo-China. "He added that

the British did not approve oi
this idea as they wished to give
it back to the French since they
feared the implications oi a
trusteeship as it might a ect
_Bunna
Marshal Stalin remarked that
5 the British had lost
Burma
once
through reliance on lodo-China.
and it was not his opinion that
Britain was a sure country to

5protectthis area. He addedthat

tam hethought.
it would
be
,.possible to speak to Marshal
Kai-abet
about these

l matters.
&#39;

Marshal Stalin said that in

regard to the question of a

iwarm
water
port
theRu
silgi
wou14....|;qf,
E; dlihcult
an e
would not 0 iect to an {Eterna-

He

gpersonally
omnotfeelit was

ialso had in mind a trusteeship

that in regardto the Chinese,

F onalisodfree port.

-Korea which was delicate.

5necessary to invite the British to

&#39;na:-tieipate
in the trusteeship oi
Korea, but he Ielt that they
. might resent this.
.
&#39;
Marshal Stalin replied that
they would most certainly
be
o ended. In fact, he said, the
Prime MU 5lEf might kill us."
In his opinion he felt that the
British should be invited.
The President then said he

&#39;
The President replied that he

"

the period might be from 20 to

i 30 years.
&#39;
,
&#39;
Marshal Stalin said the shorter
the period the better, and he"
inquired whether any foreign

troops _woul_dbe stationed -tn

l against Germany which had

threatened the very existence

-1

iwished to discussthe questionoi

gt:-usteeshipswith Marshal Stalinl

;He said he had in mind for Korea
lo trusteeship composed oi 1

iisubject. there were again two

__&#39;ljgt_os"rr:a.sa11=s
:The President then sol-d--iee~

he thought Indo-China
very important area.

was a

gzePresident
said
France
had
5- I

.- Cont-inu

on Page A-5. Col. 1!

~.5

- -

--

I,

.,

..

- Continued
Prom
Page
A-4! loam,
Gen.
Isrnay.
"Field
Marshal
I
Bohlen
MinuteI_ _
jAlEXB.l1-1&#39;-lei
Mrs. Oliver.
,

_-

thatit hadin mind

P rlicill-=11

"donendtl-lingto improvethe Soviet Union: Marshal Stalin,

patlvu since she had the colony. Foreign
Comrnissar
Molotov;
-INTERNAL
CONDITIONS IN
Fleet Admiral Kuznetsov.GenK
CHINA
I
e.
dependent
areaswhlcl_1_92v
heould
eral or the. Army Antonov, Mr. - Top secret
&#39;__President
I he
said that for | Vyshinslcy,
Mr. Beriya.MI. Mai- The President said he-under
isome
time
we
had
been
trying
sky. Marshal oi Aviation Khu1-.
_example.the Japanese
islandsin
ldyakov. Mr. Gusev. Mr. Groin?- stood the foreign ministers had
.s to keepChinaalive.
H0&#39;
another report to make. and theP.e- =k Marshal Stalin expressedthe ko..Mr. Pavlov.
ii"
,,-at
&#39;
inion that China would re- a Bohlen Minutm
l he would ask _Mr. Stettinius.
The_Prime_1Mi.nlster
ptecepted
Top Secret
explanationbut
who presided today. to give lt. Mr Stettinlus&#39;
e-..
-&#39;
ceded
some
new
leaders
around
Subject:
General Conversa4|
it would -be better to
1 Mr. Stettinlus ...
reported &#39;-remarked
Kai-shek.
tion.
.
. ,
-1
BritVThe President said Gen. Weds- ; The atmosphere of the dinner on the results o.l the dlsctlssion say_itdid not refer
hneyer and the new Ambassador. was most cordial, and 45 toasts l at the meeting of foreign nim- ish Empire. lie "added the:
. Hurley. were having much iin all were drunk.
_
lsters on the matter oi provid- Great Britain did not desire an?
territorial seerandizemem be _
rs and had made more prog- ,tv92een the three great powers. ing machinery in the vIorld_or- had nooblectlnn ii the__1;t921.esticn
,.- .
ganlzatlon
for
dealing
with
ter1..1.
.
&#39;eis
in bringing the Communists
oi trusteeship was&#39;t0
be considi_MarshalStalin remarkedthat
trusteeshlps
and de- iered in relation to enemy ie~&#39;1
n the north together with the |lt was not so dif cult to keep ritorial
1unity in time oi war since there pendent areas, as follows:
grltmy. He askedhoW&#39;Marsh
-tit
It was agreed that the ve .!5talin would feel ii the su3?esiv Iault lay more with
the
Ewesa joint aim to defeat the governments
...__I.4
..
which will have ition was made that the Crime.&#39;
common enemy which was clear
andthe Chnnglting
g
iv? ?uil_fI-l.r-ll-&#39;3iiovemment than with the so- to everyone. He said the dlmcult permanent seats on the Secur- should be internationalized fc:
ed Communists.
a
summer
task came alter the war when ity Council should consult each use as
WI :
Marshal Stalin sa.ld.he woulc.
. diverse interests tended to divide other prior to the United Na=-

itaken
out,ci_enemy
control.
for

gain
alive.
He
added
that
they

Eore
success
than
their
prede1 In
a boast
tothealliance
beunskine
government.
Hesaid

ElTRIPARTITE
DINNER
llthe allies.He saidhe wascon-

MEETING
FERUARY
8. 1945. 9 P.M.

I YUSUPOVSKY PALACE
Ltarshal Stalin acted as host.
. ;- . ," .
Present:
United States, President Roose_ lt. Secretary Stettenius, Fleet
Admiral Lenny,
Byrnes.
Harriman. Mr. Flynn. Mrs. Boeitiger. Miss Harriman. Mr. Bohlen.
-1
United Kingdom: Prime MinChurchill, Foreign Secretary Eden. Sir Archibald Clark
Kerr.
Sir Alexander Cadogan.
I. i
Field Marshal Brooke. Marshal
r
of the RToyal Air Force Portal.
of the Fleet Cunning-

i;.,;

Tr-

tions conrerenoepro:-doing
ma- {be glad to give the rimea as
E

chinery in the world charter

l tor dealing with territorial trus- iplace to be used for meetings or
the three powers.
.
.,
teeshlp and dependent areas.
The prime minister interrupnoexms
NOTE &#39;1U_
THE
ted with great vigor to say that
PRESIDENT
he did not agree with one single
Yalta, February 10. 1945.
word of this report on trustee- 1. Mr. President. the Russians
shlps. He said that he had not ;hiive given in so much at thrIhe felt we wereall standingon been consulted nor had he heard
lconierence
that
I
don&#39;t
thlnl-:_92
lthe crest of a hill with the gloof this subject up to now. He
,ries oi future
possibilities said that under no circumstances ;should let them down. Let the
British disagree it they want toIstretching before us.
Justice Byrnes proposed a would he ever consent to 40 or and continue their disagreemerr
.toast to the common man all 59 nations thrusting interiering ;at Mo@a". Simply as it is
ngers into the life s existence _referred to the reparations 60: .lover the world.
oi the British Empire.
As
long mission with the minutes to sho-1
as he was minister. he would ithe British disagree about er:
Februarv 9.194
4 .m never yield one scrap of their ;mentlon oi the $10 billion.
heritage.
&#39;
.
STE&#39;I T1IN&#39;l&#39;US
NOTE TO
Mr. Stettinius explained that
PRESIDENT
this reference to the creation of .
5.
P
,3machinery was not intended to I Ribbon copy. be3;|.ng_i.hg inirefer to the British Empire, but tials or Btettinius as oi-steer and
Llvadiapalace

i dent that the present alliance

would meet this lest also and
that it was our duty to see that
. it would and that our relations
in peacetime should be as strong
as they had been in war.

i
1
l ThePrime
Minister
thensaidI

f SIXTHPLENARY
MEETHQG

|the__Lpl.lnmingpenclled notation F
tin 1-liss handwriting:
Bohlen l
isajcs The Presidenthas already92
ltaken this up with Stalin with
Satisfactory results. A. H.!"

ll

I
l
1

Yetta!
February
i .i~i5.

MEMORANDUM
FOR.
THE
PRESIDENT
&#39;
Subject: Recommendation that
.the
three
powers encouratre Kunimintang-Commmiisfunity in the
war e ort against Japan.
As this is likely to be the final
-plenary session,
I
suggest that
some time during today&#39;s
meeting you nd 0CCBsl0nto urge the
Marshal and the Prime Minister

toseethatfullencouragement
is

given by their governmentsto

jtiuomintang -Communist units in
the war effort against Japan.

Matter here dele ed by State

Department.!
L.

Marshal Stalin said the Jewish

problem was a very dif cult one that they had tried to establish
a. national home for the Jews in
Virovidzhan but that they had
only stayed there two or three
years and then scattered to the
cities. He_said the Jews were
natural traders but much had
I Communique.
i Britishand Americanpolitics.been accomplished by putting
small groups in some agricultural
r Jewishproblems.
1 At the beginning of dinner the areas.
The President said he was a
&#39;iconversati0n
wasgeneral.
. . . Zionist
and asked
it
Marshal
After considerable discussion
i between the Prime Minister and Stalin was one.
I MarshalStalinas to English Marshal Stalin said he was one
lpolitics, the President said that in principle but he recognized
. ..
Linhisopinon
anyleader
of a the di.1" cu1&#39;t}&#39;
Mpeople must take care of their EEGHTH PLENAPY &#39;l92iEE&#39;I&#39;INl"iiprimari-&#39;
needs. Be said he reFebruary 11. 194:1. noon,
ilrnembered
whenhe rstbecame
Palace
iiPresident.
the UnitedStateswas Livadia
Editorial note: There are no
|close to revolution because the
people lacked food. clothing and full minutes oi this meeting in
shatter, but he had said, II You the Bohlen collection. . . .&#39;,[ hera
elect me President
I
will give you is, however, a subsequent page
these things," and since then Ln the Bohlen collection,_entitled
Proceedthere was little problem in re- "Report of Last Day&#39;s
. . reproduced below t . .
Igard to socialdisorderin theJl ings"
Bohlen
Note
Unm-o Ettate-a.-. .
Secret
At the last plenary session,the
communique was discussed and
most of the conversation dealt
with the details oi language. the
results of which are apparent
Ein the fma! communique agreed
The Soviet suggestedthat
.upon.
i.n the part of voting procedure
:no reference be made to the
tact that the proposal accepted
I was put forward by the President. Marshal stated that there
would be no objection to the
President. or any other American ofticial. making it public that
the United States proposal had
been adopted, but he felt such
a reference did not properly
belong in a con.-nnurnqne.The
Soviet suggcsion was adopted.
&#39;I RIPARTIDINNER
T&#39;E
MEETHQG
Vorontsov Villa
Bohlen Minutes
Top Secret
i Subjects: Reparations from
Germany.

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imone anxious&#39;tor--peace
than any

ii4 ii %*imeother
= eountry.&#39;
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&#39; i,1_u
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were
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Mr; Ladd

Hr. Nichola___

in
their sup-!

port the
of Ebfp
com&#39;mu&#39;nism .poi-I

iollow &#39;a.
policy oi.

peasement and one-sided _dis-1 He told aNo:-wegi audience:

_&#39;
&#39;enL -. i We all long for p cc but even
wartime
prime
an"
r lip-eater thanour &#39;des&#39;
e is
Russia&#39;s
,.<..
oi. p
his iroup
that
war _ia
the statementto
the
1-.{desire Ior peace. _

Le; -&#39;

" _"_

not describe Mr. Wallace

unist.
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mil-

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1&#39;
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/k/L/1 idr. Leo&#39;n

Mia: _ y
h
.I r .

aire for peace, were the only two

cut.

things that might

avert
Iron: me

K.

the danger.

[hf former
United
States
Vice
and Cabinet
membei as-

Pres
dent

constituted the
greatest danger
to

peace. _
He
added:

1,1
&#39;
thllhappilv small minorityof.
"192
.&#39;
e
"1-&#39;

sawthose
lines
are mak- Government -

and left the

In
a
referenee the
Truman
"_:..Secretary, has patiently and
Middle East,
"L. .| a PtIl".6IId with UJC UP- doctrine of aid to
Wallace dedared:

Ilfnine-tenthaotthelziouselvf The Aroerican pe

ie

will turn
the
United Ratio
instead. oi
ll .1 Ifallaceaassthatldarenot to
1" -- publicly the private ena- Ialiowing the Government to build
its
military might
and
to
uaef
__E of my
group that warti up
,

Wallace aladassailed the mabntitwonldbein-I

jority of American Congressmen"
taln

;;;_ anclthelilnitedi

____ __

. -&#39;. _,HB
Wallet-e_
-FY-A. arrived
&#39;

_t70PIl!1a5en on
tonight
rmEuroIPPP- rll ol Norway

lth an asertion that1t;wou1d

750 unfortunate
for worl eeif
barf-bin: hlilpena
Inside
Russia
to

-"P5" it-I
File!!!government
lg
at
ml. Ieavmg : Co1,,nh-_
he told
an audience:
otp0O3g::

!or their stand on the Governfollnwthe polloyoi

-and&#39;onr.~aidedment
dia- : policy town-d~Ruuia. He

igggwthlt
should
1 I!
I en
gn el- nding
_&#39;111*
Rmims.
and
added:;,

~. Ii ll-important that menu-

5" &#39;7&#39;"

iclaimed they
did not repreaeni the
l; Ihiehtroughtaboutthe
.,_ t
14_
_opinion oi the :-ank and_n1e of
1&#39;

pr:-iv-ea
In

e" on

torce
to
posh down
treedoin-loving

Troupe aa at
presentTiieaviaaaiollowsz Warts

_cc

=- Penhasen,Denmark, April o
KPHEHS tour after climax-

_-- i Geld Iet at the foreign policy

;r- -~ Hr. Ernest
Bevin,
our For- Assails Oenrresnnea

H; ----~

Quinn
Tamm
1 92
_

Mr. Neale

States who has ioregathered

jserted that the hardening-of cer- t 1said was
We
have had; lines"
lain
in
the
United States

--

Pennington_

// Mr.

i esaidtherightofvetointhe
Security
CouncilRussia
and ; de-

mmumsts who

Jones

L&#39; Mr.

great" power:
aligned against Russia.

&#39;
"Z latelv visitor
.1.
l- -

Mr. Harbo
Mr. Hendon

on their misrepresent-jcombination oi!

being
pointed

Mr. Tracy
Mr. Egan
Gurnea

. _/
Mr.

&#39;mL
Nations."
he
United
Delen ~Ve.in
_

Wallace said the United

icy,
_danger oi..Nations
5 a
*. &#39;B_B.C.,
who made &#39;lmmed.iate
heed
the-_
becoming
i--_,. -

Mr. Roaen
Mr. Carson

Press
in;-eply
to
A.
1- not.
=&#39;-..:.
also
ma
he
om
1 &#39;l hatdesi.re
la aogreatthalldo
&#39; ea"cl&#39;ypto-Communist
&#39;1-emark
in a speech a
. |al1ao
not believe
Russia
will
ever pull
-emu um
Churchill
"daretext
not
Iagt
Friday.
The
-, r.
:. I&#39;+.: &#39;
pfgss
publicly
the private
eon-I
PH"
I
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_
_ ..

.-

Mr. Clegg
Glavin

&#39;
Mr.

"ma:lorit&#39;y"United
at
Stats
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_ T,
-1..
; ~,.-ii?

..

V .i

in regard to present
apeeeh anAmericana
Russian
policy.
.
He concluded with the appeal:
"D0n t -hate.
Don ! hate Comnnlsta. Don thateBu.|Iiana.
Ii

Ilabelieveinthe nitednlia ana,

as
well

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adiplomatic

the

I 1. I..

have

Fl l b

cal aspect.it is iustas well toilet t_heBermuda

5 &#39;li&#39;;tE1.5"7!""&#39;l_=5::=E
5-:5.&#39;=Nichols
&#39;
_
Belmont
-

reasonIor it anyway. Most oi the issues that would

1..

.-

haveto
be tackledare in sucha stateoi ux that
there is no needto go beyondthe ministra ons
or

Cle-gg_..____

- .. ; . .. .i :. E.%"E.;...<i.;
" Glevin_._-

conference
slidea while:"Aen -ore;-anteaenfzia
sanspreparation
wouldhe
bound to op. wesaid
whenthe projectwasbniiten,we see no present

___.__
~M
=
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W*<>~>&#39;<Ii"&#
or
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i Harbo

iii. Ti :;:.? 1i ;&#39;;. f.;

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Tracy _._....__
.

. _

0115.9

Rosco .2e _&#39;

Gearty ..._.-_
Hohr _i..._
Iinterrowd
__.
Tole. Room Holloman __Sizoo .____

regular diplomacy. Koreais in a l _ between

light

jrenoeandwar,andno help,but

_er harm,would

come from

on. Momentous

high level" inte

&#39;

xevents
are beginning
to stir in Germany,
but they
dag-to-dag
exploitationandfdiglomatioex-

Aohanges
oi thekindthatwill
be

i owig|j];Ty;&#39
,-7&#39;7.

* &#39;
"&#39;
-"j ""!*n

anotherpostponement
ot ih _erniuda&#39;o1ference.

Assuming
thatChurchiJlindisnqsition
s
hasa politi-

0
/

&#39;""
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of

mystery
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among-lIns; m-ioooa
in
enough
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.indeed,&#39;to
riseto rumorsnth

_.- -_,,._ .,..

Miss Goody __

undertaken
at the

&#39;92

meetings
ol ForeignMinisters.
Andin Moscow

lts&#39;el&#39;the
succession ght for personal power has

v.&#39;!
--a
?Blg!&#39;ottr
conference
ase seriousparleyseemsabsurd.
- Iv
one
acid
observer
commented.
Whatno thesponon
K-a

obvious
thattheuni of l-post-Bermuda

-.

kl

G. R.-10

_&#39;} 1"-

lloraof theBermuda
conference
wantin do;anyway-

in-eate
another
Stalin?

92

if However,the speculationabout a political illness

on partoi Sir Winston

doesn&#39;t
squam
withhis
aconsuming
anxiety
to go highlevel"in worlddiplo-

T cy. This anxietymayor maynot beishlared

by the

oftheChurchill
government;
hut,
judging
from

__ comments
fromBritain.Churchill colleagues,
:
in

l nesting meetingsoi foreign ministers,are equally

eonoerned with their chief over a swap of news and

withtheviewof talkingilhings
over
. ineaaonRussia,
,5
withtheKremlin.so,
likely,the
f

liinister
is

really ill.

mecuriousstatement

L.
4.

liiU L - &i.l!
51 &#39;f-7ri 1/

I5.&#39;
-Iicorrbrnt!

1.7
tX...

byChurchill
son-in-law
:
supportsijiis
theory.

JUL
14

1953

,92_. ii
oon rmed that htn-sum is sn ering om fatigue.
&#39;e
1
hasshoulderedin the mi sis months
. Vwm Chm&#39;c&#39;b.i1l
n

A,

would
have nished
a normal
man.I11addition
to

ins
prime
ministerial
and
parliamenta1&#39;y_tk,,he
has

o. takenover Foreign SecretaryEden : ark, run a

eouptg oi eonfenenoes
oi the Commonwealth,
and
-&#39;.
one
oeremony
or
function
after
another
in_
> connection with the Coronation. Oi course, Churchill

Times-Herald!
Wash.

ta an iron man.but his is. after all, a_ _human

F3 ?JUL2141953

._

_Ll.-

Post

Wash. News

____

lash.

Star

__._.

N.Y.

Herald

LLY.

Mirror

Tribune
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CHURCHILL,

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CURRENT

BIOGRAPHY

had spent the last three of his tour and a

ing his later $2,500per article. A caree_r_in

journalism
beingasily combined
_withp0l_lt1-5.
in 1899he stoodas a Conservative
candidate

milita &#39;
matters
aroused
moreenthusiasm
than

ham. He was defeated.

WINSTON-Coiitinued

Lord Randolph&#39;s
son
was
not worried. He

llcllOldhalf yearsat Harrow in the Army Class,and for Parliamentfrom the C.Ol l5l-llll 05

2 } --

-._.1

Then came the Boer War. An hour after

Latin
declcnsions.
After
three
tries
hequali ed
the Boer ultimatumChurchillwas o _to the

for
a
cavalry cadetshipat Sandhurst,and left
Harrow with
a
light heart and
a
bad taste in wars again, an excellent contract with the
On
October ll,
his mouth. He
could
learn quickly enough Moriiiiig Post in his pocket.
a
little more than a
the things that mattered,"horsesand guns i899 he put to sea; and
really mattered, and so it was logical enough month later he was taken prisoner by a Boer
Louis
Botha, later
that one of Harrow&#39;s
failuresshouldpassout eventually identi ed as
Prime Minister of South Africa. After a
of Sandhurst eighth
in
a batch of 150. In

March 1895 young ChurchillWI-1S

gazettedto

the 4th Hussars. Stationed in India, he int-

month&#39;s
imprisottrtteril
theincredible
youngrna_n

escaped,and, a price on his head,made his

rovedhis poloandhis mind,devouring

Gibbon, way to British-held territory after experiences

Klacaulay,
Plato,
Aristotle,
Schopenhauer,
Mal-that made uncomfortableliving but good rudthus, and Darwin with little discrimination but ing. By the time he rejoinedthe British ghtgreat curiosity and a sudden relish for the

sort of educationhe had missed. In 1895,

during a three months leave,he saw action,
too. He had alwaysthoughtit "a pity that
it all had to be mal-ce~believe,
and that the age

ing forces he was, without question,the national hero. He took oFl&#39;

his uniform for the
second time on ]uly 17, 1900, and on the

voyagefrom CapeTown
to
Southampton
spent
the great part of his time practicingelection

of wars between civilized nations had come

to an end forever ; now he at least had an
opportunity to join civilized Spain in a war
against uncivilized Cuba. At |.he same time

speeches.
Eleven constituencieswere offered to the
returned uarrior, but at the general election
in October. Churchill remained faithful to

ent by sendingback reports to the Daily

lost to the Government

is
a

hebeganhiscareeras
a newspaper
correspondOldham. The Tory sloganwas Every seat
Graphic,
andafter his returnit wasnot long

seatgainedto the

Boers," and Churchill was victorious this time.

beforehe iris workingawayat a novel,Scwrola His book on the Boer War, Ian Hi:inii&#39;li&#39;a1i .r
900!. This vlasthe storyof
a politicalleader March 900!, was highly successfuland
in the all too obviouslyimaginary state of tremendously
pro table;his lecturetour, which

Laurania,"a man vehement

and of a hi h,

took him as iar as the United States and

daring
instof mind"
whohada rernarkablc
Canada,evenmore so; and whenChurchillre-

turnedto take his seat in Commonsit might

Action only whettcd the young soldier s have beenassumedthat his careerwouldpro-

resemblanceto himself.

appetite for adventure, and in the British Em-

ceed in a less stormy fashion from now on.

It did riot. Churchill had not rid himself

pire w_hid1he later describedas "fannedby
the quiet loyalty of hundredsof millionsof of his habit of advisingand criticizingeveryfaithful peopleunder every sky and climate" oneand everythingin sight,includinghis own
a
little group
there were still many opportunities.In I897 Party. Before long there was
transferredto the 31st Punjab Infantry, he of Conservatives in Commons known as the
servedwith the MalakandField Forcein India; "Hooligans" because they shared this habit
The "Hooligans,"like the Liberals,believedin
the next year he joinedSir 9292&#39;il|iam
Locl<hari&#39;s
free trade,and by siding
with
the Liberalson
TirahExpeditionary
Forceas
a mereorderly"
;
and the sameyear, gettinghimselfattachedto still another issue, oppositionto the Anny
the 21st Lancers, he served with the Nile Relorm Scheme,Churchillprovedthat an exwasnotnecessarily
a militarist.
By
ExpeditionaryForce and was presentat the soldier
Battleoi Khartoum.He collected
a phenome-l903 he was announcing: I have passedformally
from
the
position
of
an
independent
nal numberof medalsfor daringin action.
to the itionof
a declaredopponent
But during all thesecampaignsChurchill s supporter
thepresent
ggiremment,"
andtheLiberal
had beena dual role, that of soldierand war of
Association of North West Manchester was
correspondent
for various papers. The real inviting
him to stand as its next candidate.
fniits of his adventures
were two bookswhich
Even more amazingto thosewho had lcnovm
broughthim fame and enemies,most of the his
father was a speechwhich he madeabout
latter in higher Army circles. The Molakoiid
time, lled with concemfor the toilers
Field Forte 898! was full of the sort of this
at
adviceand continentthat madethe brass hats at the bottomof the mine, with indignation

vestedinterests,"
at aggression
snarlwhenit time from a youngster,
and the great
at dearfoodfor the millions,"
and
The _Riz/erWor 899! actuallydared to abroad,"
cheap
laborfor themillionaire.In thebiogcriticizelford Kitchener. Besides,
grumbledthe raphy
oi hisfather ublished
in 1906,TheLife
generals,it waswell knownthat youngChurch-

ill had succeeded

in getting himself attached

ofLord
Rondolpli
Clliiirchill,
one
ofthe
biggest

in English biographicalliterature,
to all thesevariousexpeditions
onlyby reason sensations
Churchill,however,showedthat he believedthat
of thein uence
of hismotherLord Randolphit
was the Torieswhohadactuallybetrayed
was dead} and her friends. Churchilllooked

his father&#39;s
ideas.
thesituation
overanddecided
thatjournalism
Fortune was witli Churchill even in his
was more pro table than the military life,

anyway

__

changeof party. The Liberalssweptinto

even
though
he wasnotyetcommand-powerin 1906,and lie with tltcm. He received

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.

BIOGRAPHY
II

Churc.hill&#39;s
role in the First World War is
a controversial matter. He himself has
l907 he was -also appointed a Privy Councillor written a work of several volumes, The World
Balby King Edward; and in 1908,when Asquith Cririr 923-1929!, defending it.Lord
brilliant autobiography
took over, he was made President of the four called it Winston&#39;s
Board of Trade. The last-mentionedchange disguised as a history of the universe. !
of portfolio required
a
by-election, and this Churchill has been blamed for the fall of
time he stood from Manchester and lost. This At-ttwerp where, incidentally, he took personal
of the defenseafter havingbeensent
was partially because of opposition by the command
exponents of woman su tage to a Liberal there to examine the military situation until
candidate who was
still
Conservative enough recalledto his postof duty. _Andhe has been
to believe woman&#39;s
place was in the home. But blamed even more for the disastrousGalltpoh
the Liberals of Dundee offered him their seat, campaign, which as started on his insistence
and from Dundee he was safely elected.
A
that, by forcing the Dardanelles,Germany mold
ank.
On the other
few months later,
in
September I908,
he
mar- best be attacked on her
ried
a
Dundee girl, the Honorable Clementine hand, he and many military commentatorsclaim
that his plans would have been successful if
Hozie-r "aI1d lived happily ever after." There
they had actually been mrried through as he
are three daughters, Mary, Sarah, and Diana;
had wished.
one son, Randolph.!
In any case,in 1915 Churchill lost the AdmiAs president of the Board of Trade from
1908 to 1910 Churchill worked closely with ralty amid a storm of criticism, and was apLloyd George, then Chancellor of the Expointed to "the well-paid inactivity" of the
a
chequer. At this time they were both thought Chancellery of the Duchy of lnncaster. For
a
place on the War Council,
of as paci sts and radicals, except possiblyby time he also had
paci sts and radicals. Churchill battled against but when it was reconstituted he resigned in
the Naval Estimates of the First Lord of the order to ght in the front-line trenches in
Admiralty, introduced
the Miners Hours Bill, France. For ve months, until May 1916, he
was
a
lieutenant colonel corrtrnandingthe 6th
the Licensing Bill, the Small Holdings
Bill,
the Old-Age Pensions Bill, and the Edumtion Royal Scots Fusiliers. Then he returned to
as
First Lord
Bill, and campaigned against the House of England to defend his conduct
Lords, which had rejected Lloyd George&#39;s
rst of the Admiralty before the Statutory Combudget. He was returned in the 1910 elections missionof Inquiry into the Dardanelles Expediin spite of continued opposition from the tion, and to sit in Parliament. By July he
suflragettes and in spite of the fact that the was once more back in the saddle as Minister
Ad.t&#39;nin.istrati0n_
Liberals were by this time losing ground. But of Munitions in Lloyd George&#39;s
then Churchill&#39;s
"radicalism" was slipping, too.
Not allowedto make the plans,
I
was set to
Given the oti ce of Home Secretary after his make the weapons." I-le supplied the Army
and
Air
Force
with
all
war
materials,
equipped
election, he not only called out troops against
striking workers on two separate occasions, the United States Army in France, helped to
but personally acted as "Scotland Yard com- sustain
Italy
after the demoralizingCaporetto
hatred
mandant" during the famous attack on the defeat, and once more earned 1abor&#39;s
anarchists of Sidney Street.
by his "work or ght" order of I918, which
Nor did Churchill&#39;s
opposition to armament broke a strike of the munitions workers.
"Khaki elections" were always Churchill&#39;s
expenditures withstand Agadir. Having impressed Asquith by
a
memorandum of his to meat, and he carried Dundee in the election
the Committee of Imperial Defence in which after the War. Two of ces were now Waiting
he sketched the probable course of a war for him: Secretary of State for 92-Varand for
His main task the execution of the
against Gemtany which he nally saw as Air.
likely, in 1911 he was invited to become First intervention against the Bolsheviki, he bolstered
Lord of the Admiralty. Immediately he estab- the Whites in Russia for two years, and in
lished a new board and made new war plans diatribcs against the foul baboonery of Bolfor the
eet,
ordering a state of constantreadi- sltet-isrn" invited Germany to join the antiness. Between 1911and 1914he was responsible Corttmunist front in return for all imaginable
for thecreation
anddevelopment
of theRoyal help from England. He had already advocated
Air Force he himxlf learned to y during lifting the food bloclzde against C-err.".any
after
this period!, for the Navy&#39;s
shift from coal the Armistice! Next, when in 1921 Balfour
to oil fuel, for the building of eighteen tanks, was defeated and a new Government formed,
and for many other innovations. More than he landed in the of ce of Under-Secretary for
one of his changeswere, however, unauthorized the Colonies.As suchhe played
a
great part
and accomplishedonly by the invasion of the in the conclusionof the Anglo-Irish Treaty of
jurisdiction of other departments, and there December1921 and in persuadingComrnong
were constant battles over his high-handed to ratify it, an act whichwon him the undying
methods as well as over
Irish
Home Rule hatred of Irish extremistsbut the friendship
which he favored! and over Wonian Suffrage of Michael Collins.
which he still opposed!. But when the War
The next year was an tmpreoedentedly
bad
came the British eet was ready. On july
year for Churchill. Lloyd George resigned;
14, 1914 Churchill sent
it
to
a
station in the he himselfproceeded
to lose Dundeeby
catnNorth Sea in order to remove it from possible paigning as an anti-Socialist he believed that
danger of a sudden amok on seaports. On the Libemls and the Conservativesshould unite
August 4 he sent the memorable telegram: against the Socialist threat!; he was operated
OocnhostilitiesagainstGermany."
on fut appendicitis; and, "without o ioe, withhis first state

st that year, becomingUnder-

Secretary
of giitte
fortheColonies;
in Maystill

Ag.

-1.

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I2
.

CURRENT

BIOGRAPHY

3 ,
CHURCHILL,

W1NSTON Contiiu:ed

into the Italian Empire be swiftly recognized;

as late as January 1939 he

to spaic tactoutasat,a party
oranapperidix,
hedecided
fully of Mussolini"&#39;,
who _hadbroughtItaly

to retire. A ter a. visit to the Riviera, where

he dictated The World Criltir, he bought a

irel
t 5

"out of incipient anarchy n-ito a position of

. _
pleasant
Englishcountryhousea.nc_l_spent
a dignityandorder."
Hitler was something
elseagain. Not_tl-iat

few monthsdoingnothingmore politicalthan

sci.

92

laying bricks, painting a hobby which he had

one could not

admire his patriotic achieve-

An incorrigible politician, before Ion

to restore our courage and lead us back to

adoptedwhen recoveringirons C-allipoli!,and ments ;indeed, if our countrywere defutod,

writing. His enemies
rejoiced,but prematurely. l hope we should nd a championas indomitable

he was

our place among the nations" but Hitler&#39;s

standing
forelection
again--as
anindependent
e cctualness
in carryingout the progiaiuof

who would "engage the Socialist menace in

:1 as

Meir: Kouipf could hardly escapehis attention.

utterly. In the autumnof 1924,after one Fiirtherinore, Churchill was willing to learn
defeat,he waselectedfrom the EnpingDivision from events. Altliough for two yars he had
supported the British policy of non-intervenoi Essex.
tion in Spain I will not pretend that, ifI
Churchill immediatelyand miraculously
as- had
to choosebetween Communismor Nazism,
sumed the place of secondin commandof the
l would chooseCommunism. I hope not to be
Conservatives.
He wasgiventhe postof Chan- called
upon to survive in aworld in a governand
until 1929, when Ramsay -acDortald sinned ment of either of those dlspcn.sations",l,
his son Randolph was one of
a comeback.
Therewere ve ymrsin otlice. although
foremost
&#39;
British propagsmdists,
by
during which his most controversial acts were Franco&#39;s
I938 he was more dubious than he had
three: restoring his country to the gold stand- April
s
from his
ard; helping to brmk the general strike of been about Fr"-I.noo "independence"
1926 by ordering other newspapers to cease Fascistallies. In Novemberof that year he
his opinion that "the British Empire
pnblication_and
himselfputtingout the vehe- ventured
l&#39;l"ii"ill_
anti-lat:-or
y&#39;
Bnissli Gazette: and leaving would run far less risk from the victory of
the country saddled with some $l,50D,0lIl,0O0 the SpanishGovenm-rent."Althougha Conwould
ght at the drop of a hat
of debt. After Labor&#39;s
short-livedvictory the servative who
proposalsto give India
rst National Govemrrient followed soon after against even mild To

mortal combat and, if possible,destroy it

..F
F:.n-;_
.x
.

..-_...
-.i..
~!&#39;
. 6.__ r

cellor
oftheExchequer,
a stwhich
heheld

1-.
-A
~

-i_
--

&#39;&#39;.&#39;_n.
"f..tfr: 92:"
&#39;I,

lilyfn

2_ . -l*
.1:i .i;?1&#39;
1
> k.
.3
"i&#39;.- z

L... 1";---ti" &#39;_

&#39;
;.&#39;-I".4.&#39;
,.
FE,
-1
;r: ;._&#39;,
at

a little
more
irtdepertldiuice,
who
regretted
the
MacDonald&#39;s
accessionto power!, Churchill, abdication
of Edward VIII, and who believed
s "war
&#39;
on privateenterprise"
ten years, visit_e_d
Canada. There he worked that Roosevelt
world
back into the trwgh
on his rernarloibiesix-volume bio iaphy of the was ladirig the
by this time he wa alsourging
rstDuke
ofMarlborough,
Morfborcmgh,
Hi! of depression."
who was to remain a mere M. P. for the next

Mi LC"
Y.
Ages-:__
-I. -.&#39;~
,

-ck
I .,,. . E

bl-&#39;iv"=

f;.v* - ..1-&#39;-Itii"aiJ
N!-I
I.-.3-&#39;4&#39;.
..,."&#39;9
~ .
*-~.-st
-

cooperationwith the U. 5. S. R. in the interests

of world peace.

L_ifeoiid Tints: 93-1933!;_ai-id

in 1931he

~-

.-:
4.

visited and lectured in the United States once

more.

Befo_re_
Munich, Churchill spokeeloquently
of Brttairfs overwhelmingneed for planes,
in the bitter years that followed,members advocated national service as a realistic measof his own Party gave -Vinsl ii Churchill the ure;
after
ivitntich,he announced,
bluntly, to
mockingtitlesof "Cassandra"
and tvarri-iongcr"Commons: "You were given the choicebetween
becauseof his speechesboth
in
Commons and tiar and dishonor.You chosedishonor
andyou
out, warning of the dangersOi a policy of will have war." On the day the Nazis entered
disam-iament
and appeasement
in face of a Praguehis talentsandenergies
werebeingused
rapidly re-armingGerinany. Many of thee to completea 300,000-word history of the EngSpceches__ha_ve
been published
in the four vol- lish people. But on the day that England

-&#39;f&#39;
&#39;--.&#39;__:&#39;
.-.~
i-1""

is-.-4.
hit"-.&#39;
as...
.
Q!! its
4o~_-_-

umes,
While
Lrigtan-ct
Slept
H933];
Sig;by declared war
Step,1936-I939[1939];Blood,S-wentand tar:

on Germany his abilities could

no longerbe ignoredevm by Chamberlain,

and
[I940]
;
andInto Battle [I94l].! "Britain&#39;s
hour he was back at his First World War post,
of wcalcness
is Europe&#39;s
hour of danger,"he First Lord of the Admiralty. In April 1940

-t.@,;
tl5 ,__.
It - &#39;
xi -.,

announced after the Lausanne Disarmament he became chairman of the Armed Services

Conference
of 1932. Alwayshis main concern Committee;on May ll, after Norway, Prime

vi-asthe British Empire. E-vestbefore the ! i

of Hitler " to power he had seenan unbittered

. &#39;E&#39;i.""-a

Minister, Llinister of Di-5%

and First Lord

of the Trasury; andOctober1940,with Cham-

Get-many
as a potentialrival, but at that timethe berlain&#39;s
death, ConservativeParty leader.

Soviet Union and Communismitself seemedto

him an even greater threat. He had
there-

"War is a game to be played with a smiling

face." Churchill once said. Sometimes this

fore welcomedFascism in Italy, assuring opinion
had mused him to make mistakes As
Roman journalists
in
1927 that "if I had been
Lord of the Admiralty
he
sruiled, for instance.
m Italian, I would l-ravebeen entirely
l*~litler invasion
s
of Norway; as Prime
you from the beginningto the end of your at_
victorious
struggle
against
thebestialappetitesMu-iister and Minister of Defence he was still
and passionsof Leninism. . . Your rnove.-ment smiling,tl-linkingof the FrenchAnny as England&#39;s
strongand surearm. But that Em-ope s
has abroadrendereda serviceto the whole hour
of supremedanger,followingthe fall ol
world." A friend of the Mediterranean accord

Fiance, was not Britain&#39;s

hour of weaknesswas
betweenItaly and GreatBritain,duringthe c.h.ielly
due to the ...&#39;~&#39;.2n.fi%a
and hmctming
Ethiopian War he was to ask that sanctionsbe

eloquence
of the Prime Minister,who promised
lliltid 3-E?-inst
Italy, peaoeconcludedas soon his peoplenothingbut blood,sweat,toil, and

as possible,
andtheincorporation
of Abyssiniatears." "We shalldefendour island,whatever

I
I

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CURRENT

IIOGRAPHY

I3

tinned,
Then Srannr: T598951!"Id
thecost
may
be,
we shallght
onthebeaellAdventure:
i Amid932!;
My Early I-if!
934!.

we
shallght
onthe
l3! ldlII
EcQ
weshal
I&#39;Ol|Ild$,
in the United States
ght on the_ elds and in
streets,we shall published
ht in
the

hills; we shall never surrender."

939! as

A Roving Con:mi.r.n&#39;on,
an autobiography;
and

Ext
usto
the tasl-c,
tothebattle,
and
thetoil."GreatContemporaries
937!, a_oo1lootaon
of

Giveus the toolsand we shall nishthe job.

is

Chur:l92_il_l&#39;s
speechesduring the days when Q4:

bombswererainingon Englandand
a

Nazi

invasionwas
expected
momentarily were "battle
cries, dirges for the fallen, and hymns of victory." He "brought back the arrogance and
splmdor of Elizabethan language"; and his
words embodiedthe
spirit
of England, ghting
alone until, with Hitler&#39;s
attack on the Soviet
Union, Churchill, Conservative Party leader
who had in I9-1-0
urged
Allied aid for Finland,
welcomedan ally.
Churchill has had to
face
criticism. His
Govcrr|.rnent&#39;s
policies toward. Spain and Vichy
France have been attacked;
there
has been criticism for the campaign ir Crete, for the failure
to open up
a
secondfront in Europe, for the
failure to exploit all the potential resourcesof
India and other colonial countries through a
more enlightened licy, for the failure to speed

essays
onsuchworld gures
asHitler.Trol lqn

Alfonso of Spain, His literary style 15

vigorous, vivid, and im ressionistic. lled with

frank
egotism
and
exuberant
humor.
Asone

critic putsit: "Mr. Churchillwearsthe purple,

it is true; but he wears it with gusto,and
nobody can deny that he wears it with
a
difference."Obviously
a
manwho cancombine

both3 literaryand
a
politicalcareermustbe

a man of phenomenal energy, and Wmstoii

Churchill is that. "Over-engined," someone
called him Once.
A "lmaclefor looking crumpled,"a "selI-satised smile that trembles between agrin
and
a
pout, a cigar, a "bulldog manner," and a
grotemue array of hats," pamphernalia whiz:-&#39;1
he manipulateswith all the joyous unself-oonsciousness
of
a small boy or
a
born actor, are
not the least of Churchill&#39;s
charms. His in-

terestsare far from being purely intellectual.

upproduction
l0iiillpeak;
and
long
before
the He

enjoys reading history, biography, books

fall of Singapore bitter
words
were oorning on military strategy, politics, and eoonomies;
from Australia. Often urged to rid his but he is ca ble of taking at least an equal
Cabinet of the men responsible for a halfparticularly revues and musical comedies!hearted prosecutionof the war e ort, he clung
to his friends until after the fall of Singapore and good food. My idm of a good dinner,"
he
said in leisurely and unrationed days, "is
and the esmpeof the Nazi shipsfrom the port
of Brest,
when
for the rst time it seemed
that his personal position would be shaken if
he did not rnaite eitensive Cabinet changes. elaborately
to ui5 iSS_igoodto c
aschiefconversatroralist.
lliord
But it has been generally agreed that no other withmyself
Birlcenliead
once
Bid:
Mr. Churchill&#39;s
tastes
man an unite such a great part of En land
are simple; he is easily contented with the
may be many, his qualities are apparently indis- best of everything." And John Gunther
pensableand unique. He has therefore faced repeats a remark which Churchill may or may
most debates without fear for the results not have made during a walk in the slums of
should a vote of confidencebe tal-ten,obviously the Midlands. "Fancy living in one of these
enjoying the discorn tureof less mentally agile streets never seeing anything beautiful--never
opponentsas he speal-cs
in Commons,"his feet eating anything savory never saying anything
Slightly apart, his short, stocky body rocking clever!"
on his heels, his two hands grasping the lapels
of his coat." In January 1942 membersof the
Reference:
House of Representativesof the United States,
Colliers 105:1?-l8-1- N Z &#39;40
pot; 108;
Britain&#39;s
new Ally. were treated to the same
11-12+ s20 &#39;41
i! pors
sight, as he pledgedan invasion of the ContiCur Hist 29:6ZZ-8 la &#39;29
po
nent in 1943. They. too, were carried oil their
53 Mr &#39;31;
52:14-15+ F I
feet with enthusiasm. Churchill&#39;s
visit
to the
Harper 155:21-5 Ie &#39;27
United States marked his secondmeetin with
President
Roosevelt
since
hehadbecome
lrime
12:2-3 Ia 19 &#39;42
il pors; 12&#39;
-8+
Minister. Months before, the Atlantic Charter
F 2 &#39;42
:1 pors
had been drawn up during a conferenceat sea
Liv Age 340285-7 My &#39;31;
351:4l3-5 Ia
of the two English-spaking leaders.
&#39;37
Look 5:8-15 F 25 &#39;41
pors
It is strangethat the man who is generally
R Deux Mondes s8 35543-S?
S
l5 &#39;36
acknowledgedas the best speaker of the world

plmsure
in tckgammon,
tennis,
thetheatre

rsttohavegood
food,
then
todiscuss
ood
food,
and
aterthis
food
has
been

around
himandhispolicies;
though
histgaults

Life10:59-67;
10:68-70
Ja27&#39;41
ilzgors;

todayhas had to overcomethe handicapof

a
lisp and a stammer. Neither is noticeable,
for
he lets his

roll out in a "curious

dot-and-dash
tnnpo whichhasbeenmuch
imitated. Not a goodextemporlneous
speaker,

he memorizes what he has to say whenever he

can,dictatingit rst to
a secretary.Collections
of
his speeches
havebeenproli c. But
I11 recent years he has fotmd time to write,

Read Digest36:33-6 F740; 37:152-92Jl

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Men
inOur
Time
p57-82

besidesarticlesand thosebooksalreadymen-

Continued next page!

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GRAPHY

C U RREH T

I4

-;:$-1"-i.:"

DOIHARA,
KEN
I
&#39;
d--hiken-"!
CHURCHILL.
JNINSTON--Continued
Beghie,
PL
Mirrors oi Downing Street
JapaneseAir Force
.
p97-108 1923
Address:War Department,Tokyo,Japan
Clulrcllill, W. L. 5. Story Of My Earl!
Life: a Roving Commission 1941
Bland, stocky little Major Genera.lKenji
Fernsivortli, L. A. ed. Dictators and Doihara, in 1942 corrunanderin chief of the
JapaneseAir Force, is an acknowledgedmaster
Democrats p95-107, 109-I5 I941
of intrigue. His reputation was not made in
Guedalla, P- Mr. Churchill 19-tl
Gunther, J. Inside Europe p321-33 1940 the air, but in lilanehuria and n0rthern
xvhere he Spent long years as a secret agent,
Kraus, R.
WinstonChurchill 19.-10
professionalpropagandist,and soldier-diplomat.
Mair,
P.
I Vilas Vi/inston Churchill&#39;s
A man with very strong Pan-Asia" feelings
Private Secretary 1941
who is supposedto have had "more Chinese
Simone, A. Men of Europe p302-19 acquaintances. . . than any living Chinese in
1941
active political life, he originated the pre-1937
9292 ho&#39;s
Who 19-ll
Japanesepolicy
of
dividing China&#39;s
northern
provincesfrom those of the south by fomenting
and encouraging "autonomy" movements and
setting up puppet governtncrtts,and he tried
almost singlehandcd to carry it out. To a
PATRICK
ALBERT, DUKE OF i:on&#39;t5t!
May 1, 183G Jan. 16, 19-12 Last of four sons great extent he was successful.
of Queen Victoria; Governor-General
of
Canada
Born a poor boy in Okayama, Japan, in
1911 to 1916; senior eld marshal of the August 1883, Doihara becamea specialistin
Chinese at the Japanese Military Amdemy.
British Army.
from which he was graduated rst in his class.
Later he went on to attend the Military Staff
Refcreurcr
Christian Sci Mon Mag p8 Ap 8 &#39;39 College, from which he was graduated in 1912.
one
of
his early
Time 26:25 Jl 15 &#39;35
por; 29:21 My 17 According to John Gunther "&#39;,
jobs was to support the Aniu group
of
Chinese
&#39;37
leaderswho ruled Peking later renamed
Pei92 ~.&#39;ho&#39;s
9292&#39;ho
19-ll
ping! with Japaneseconnivanceand sold eoncessionsto the Japaneseat outrageous prices;
Obimarir.r

Aug. 1883?!, Coiiimander

inchief
ofiite

Is.-F,"
-*
.
.I

e
F ?
_,, &#39;jf&#39;

&CONNAUCiHT.
ARTHUR
WILLIAM

and whenthe cliquebrokeup he smuggledits

Christian Cent 59:l9

F
|
il &#39;42
NY Times p-SJa 17 &#39;43
por
Newsweek 19 :8 Ja 26 &#39;42
por
Time so =76Ja
26 &#39;42

leader to safety in a laundry basket. He

served for years as an adviser to the Chinese
Ministry of War, but his contract was nally
liquidated when
he
fell under suspicion. Next
he went to Peiping to becomeassistantmilitary
attache to the Japanese Legation under Genknown
as an
-P-_lan.12, 1942 Chairman of the board of the cral I-lonjo. He was already
Thomas Y. Crowell Company,New York book authority on men and a airs in the most distant
publishers,with whom he had been associated sections of China, and his talents were soon
being put to maximum use.
for sixty years.
In 1931 General Honjo was appointed oomObituaries
mander of the JapaneseKwantung forces, and
NY Times pl ! Ja 13 &#39;42
he in-n-nediatelymade Doihara then a mere
Pub
W
1-11:19]Ja 17 &#39;42
colonel! his chief intelligence o icer with the
/
title of chief of the Bureau of Military Relations and headquartersat Mukden, Manchuria,
the "nerve center" oi the Army&#39;s
secret service.
~Jan. 8, 1942 Internationally know-n astron- It is Doihara who vtas supposedlyresponsible
omer; famous for expeditions to all parts of not only for conceiving the daring plan which
the world-in search of tare solar phenomena; resulted in the Muleden incident" and the subhead of observatories at the University of sequent occupation of Manehuria by Japanese
Michigan.
troops, but also for bringing from Tokyo secret
instructions to General I-Ionjo which gave the
Reference:
latter full discretionary powers to act. Vi/hen
American Men of Science 1938
a Japanese oiiicer was assassinated,Doihara
Vi/ho&#39;s
92/Vhoin America 1940-41
spread rumors that the assassinwas being proObittmrie:
tectedby Chineseauthorities. Tensiongrew.
Finally,
on
September 18, 1931, a manufactured
N Y Times p15 Ja 10 &#39;42
"bombing" on the Chinese Manchurian RailSch 8: Soc 55:69 Ja 17 &#39;42
way line at Mukden, ascribedby the Japanese
to Chinese terrorists, brought the Kwantung
Anny into action. The Sino-JapaneseOo ict
A. M. dc
&#39;
had begun.

} CROWELL.
T HOMAS!
IRVING
1S-67 ?!

%URTIS,
HEBER
D OUST!
June
27,
1872

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mines, 1,:7o_;-i&#39;meaplor!ed_??_Kl
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&#39;
~&#39; _. _ bombs, 76,298live German shells, most: hyaregency.IYugoslavi&#39;voteda}p.inst
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Kl-IS
II-I

fewlivingmenof whomit could beand

emblazoned
withnEw,Yugoslavla&#39;s_:-_
i
without question: He isa great man, cele- banners
A
I
bra ed
a
birthday. Prime Minister W&#39;
- red star,Russia&#39;s_
hammergr sickle.Big
picturesof Rush : Stalin,Yugoslavirfsi

&#39;
ree years before Churchill was born,

Tito stared side

by

side from

rope&#39;s
No. 1 power
by
This same year, and as
a
result of the
same war, Paris gave Europe the rst
example of
a new revolutionary political

Overhead,RussianStormouikrandYaksl

5ll0D

ll ill Pl!!! &#39;

inmi

1>:-;$r1=r=
--

sich =w.not1111-<>ml.~>1.1_ts:=
r.

daysof KremHn""confereneB,
Stalin

worms" ChurchiIl, "bli&#39;t&#39;

"
window.The grey-cladtroopsof the Red of Prime
towardtheHun- ...1oMosco&#39;w&#39;foc.Stalin s O.K..Mter.th:ee
.
defeating France. Army rolled ceaselessly

Bismarckmadethe GermanEmpireEu-

form the

commune or soviet.

_-

garian front in U.S. Lend-Leasetrucks.

roared.

mm.
During the whoie courseof C&#39;nurchiii
s
life, Britain had beenengagedin
a
hidden
or open life 8: death struggle with Germany. In World War I the struggle had
bled Britain white.
In

-....&#39;I.J

ln_92.
Empty
Symbol.
At of
" c..&#39;t...-:.-l.v.Marshal
proved.
Said
__ g__,_ _L_I_L_ n,_.:__..-___
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1
-Ir. -as-, oat
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Soviet _oom--:3" i|;-&#39;
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&#39;

muniq&#39;u:_
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"..
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_._ 1!
.-* 52*.
.
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&#39;.
- - _:,-*
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World War II Brit-

ainhadhadherelosestsqueaksinoe
Napoleon. More than -any other single
man, Winston Churchill had saved the -7.

fl
1

Em Pire and in doi 118so had saved Western

.- ". &#39;11"-&#
Jr..[4_l,_;
zit_;-a_-i_-;"Ii:Q
.. l
.~-:-+:~=l.

civilization. But there had been

a
prioe."
Now, as the Urganiut of Victory looked
toward Europe,he could not but feel: well
done. Europe&#39;s
No. r powerwas all but
crushed. But that crushing had brought
forth anew power in Europe. In the
mighty form
of
Russia, the communetheeeoond of thosepolitical fates that
stood nu:

-.

Ia. 3:32
-A._ .4-y
-.&#39;
&#39;
21&#39;
i=1
.;;5--or
v- &#39;

Winston Churchill&#39;s
cradle-

had emergedas
a potential power such as
Germany could never have hopedto be.
Russia embodied
a
new form of social,
economic and political organizatioo So-

- . ;_ ;.;&#39
*.~:;.--92
3.}-33
=- .3

cialism. Already most of Europe had felt

her in uence,as me hearings mid threshings in the liberated countrils clearly

showed. And she was : vast Asiatic power.
The mass of Russia in Asia weighed down

upon the whole long northern line of BritWhat did Russia portend for Britain
vested heavily in the belief that Russia
wanted and needed at least a generation
&::rchill&#39;stask

would

have

passedinto other hands: The old order

changeth, yielding place to new new
faces, other minds."
For -the present, the world might well
say of him what he had said of his friend,

l
a.

5n&rd.Butthepalaeewasanemptysymdemocrsticnationa.lforoea...andto&#39;
bol.
Young
King
Peter,
exiled
inLondon,
crate
a
democratic,federativeYugoslavia.

Promptly, Marshal lite promised am-

nesty toalltlaelflietnikfollowersoftlm.-&#39;
chanted: "We don&#39;t
want Peter, we want
Draja
Mihailovich against whom he
Tito." Said Tito: "Old Balkan di erenoes erll
-.-"I
__._._ -all-I-l
___2-. --_._....
In ALD-I&#39;I--_W hndjought since194:! who surrmdered
Kl-llIIIYBI
WI
Ill
92l-ll:IICIHM30

dries
by

the,
&#39;

Moscow.For threeweeks kin:-e }an. :5 .Tim alsom

industrial and eommettial enterprises, new

ene
South Africa&#39;s
Prime Minister Jan Christo Moscow, con erred
Stalin and the
tian Smuts: The great General &#39;Smuts
. . . that wonderfulman
with his ._ , People : Commissar for Foreign Aiiairs,

atoncebegantoupand.YugoslavMace_
doniansinsistedthat Yugoslavia new
:
Ma-

eyeswatching from the distancethe whole

panorama of European allairs, does well
deserveour gratitude."

Bu.lgarianMacedoniah|tGreekMaoed0nia.

evolved:

NewPower &#39;

erated, autonomous districts

l}Yugoslavia would consist of six fed-

~ .

1&#39;.
._

V! ._._,
. _.

1,11.-ii"

.m_l2s. 57l>==I=,
Y .i1PlP1&#39;ViacheslavM. Molotov. List week
a
plan
for the reorganizationof Yugoslavia was
Serbia, Cro-

&#39;
-,

_-

Q-

4-

-=

era!banks,30,000farmsnationalised.
Territorial Demands.The new power
la .Twi_c-&#39;
&#39;had own

Prime Minister.

Pg; Pd,-- ---. 4. . __. ..,

:%

National Liberation Com-

A plan for the formation of

a new Bal- atia,
Bosnia-Eierzegovina,
intonkan state federated Yugoslavia- -was
an- tenegro, Macedonia!, eachwith its own
nouncedo icially from Moscowlast week. local government,schools,customs.
|I0ver the six local g-ovenunmtswouid
A new chapter in Balltan and European
be
a
central government, with a. mbinet
history had_begun.
_ -.
Scarcely
a
month had passedsince the of :8 members,including the governorsof
the six districts. Tito probably would be
TIME,DECEMBER
4, I944

ta

*=.1

Tn-o,
Cnolcnn.r.&SuaAs1cn&#39;_"
. V.,&#39;?._
~I A&#39;
- "iii

of peace. Beyond that he could scarcely might never live there again. Boys & girls
Youth Congress
go. Even before that time had elapsed, of the Serbian A&#39;nti-Fascist
Winston

In the shopwindow: ue: T530and Stalin. _ ;_&#39;e&#39;.;f,

_;
;_&#39;,&#39;-
-,2

ain in Mia.
and the world? Winston Churchill had in-

t p-5;i

-~r:,
.

oedonian district should include not only

&#39;

ev, wbounm
onunetry
isc
.

Idnulgn

&#39;Pu
llull

v&#39; 7.

&#39; ed Anny and CmnmImist-d0m:in-

&#39;F.9921.ZF&#39;t
":96" T1
~ **.

wm
Bu

Cl- Q-l-C
DO
GIIIICHII-."
of

oedonil. is the richest

all Greekprovincesand includes

Aegun port of Salonih.

&#39;
i
- 1: .
Already aging Dr. osi
odlakrts,
lite : Foreign
&#39;
sharp words with

er,
ex
Italy&#39;s
Count Carlo

Sioru over Ynkoslav claims to Trieste.

qr/.i"s,./-/_</<
7

92 >_
i -_

--.--"r
&#39;
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