Gravitational Generation of Rain

Fran De Aquino
Maranhao State University, Physics Department, S.Luis/MA, Brazil.
Copyright 2015 by Fran De Aquino. All Rights Reserved.
Here we show a new process for producing artificial rain. A region of low pressure is
produced in Earths troposphere, using gravity control. Then clouds are attracted to this
region, and thus a bigger cloud can be formed. During the compression process of the
cloud, water droplets become large drops through collision and coalescence, and
consequently they acquire sufficient fall velocities to reach the ground as rainfall.
Key words: Artificial rain, Cloud condensation, Gravity Control, Weather modification.

1. Introduction
The weather modification is the act of
intentionally manipulating or altering the
weather. The most common form of weather
modification is the artificial production of
rain [1].
Experiments in artificial production of
rain, or induced rainfall, date back to XIX
century [2], and are in progress in many parts
of the world.
Several countries spend millions of
dollars in artificial rain programs. In
2011, China spent $150 millions of dollars
on a single regional artificial rain program.
The US, by comparison, spends around $15
millions of dollars a year [3].
Here we show a new process for
producing artificial rain. A region of low
pressure is produced in Earths troposphere,
using a gravity control process patented on
2008 (BR Patent number: PI0805046-5, July
31, 2008 [4]). Then clouds are attracted to
this region, and thus a bigger cloud can be
formed. During the compression process of
the cloud, water droplets become large drops
through collision and coalescence, and
consequently they acquire sufficient fall
velocities to reach the ground as rainfall.

with several centimeters of thickness, around

the spacecraft is strongly ionized by means
of alpha particles emitted from several
radioactive ions sources (a very small
quantity of Americium 241 * ) distributed in
the external surface of the spacecraft.
A convenient distribution of the ions
sources can strongly increase the electrical
conductivity, , in the air layer around the
spacecraft, in such way that values of
> 10 4 S / m can be obtained. Thus, for
example, if we make = 10 3 S / m , then we
have >> = 2f r 0 , ( r is the relative
permittivity of the air and 0 is
permittivity of free space). In this case,
index of refraction of the air, nr , around
spacecraft, is expressed by means of
following equation [6]:

r
40 f

nr =
where r is
permeability.

the

2. Theory
Consider an ellipsoidal gravitational
spacecraft [5] floating in the Earths
troposphere. There is an oscillating electric
field, E , with extremely low frequency
( f = 1Hz ) , starting from the external surface
of the spacecraft (See Fig.1). An air layer

relative

the
the
the
the

(1)
magnetic

The radioactive element Americium (Am-241) has a halflife of 432 years, and emits alpha particles and low energy
gamma rays 60 KeV . The Americium (Am-241) is
widely used in ionization smoke detectors. The Americium
is present in oxide form (AmO2) in the detector. The amount
of radiation in a smoke detector is extremely small. It is also
predominantly alpha radiation. Alpha radiation cannot
penetrate a sheet of paper, and it is blocked by several
centimeters of air. The americium in the smoke detector
could only pose a danger if inhaled.

Earths
troposphere

E f
v
v0

P<<Patm

Spacecraft

v
v >> v0

Ionized region
(several centimeters thickness)

~10 km

Fig.1 Gravitational Generation of Rain. A region of low pressure is produced in Earths troposphere, using
gravity control. Then clouds are attracted to this region, and thus a bigger cloud can be formed. During the
compression process of the cloud, water droplets become large drops through collision and coalescence, and
consequently they acquire sufficient fall velocities to reach the ground as rainfall.

3
The gravitational mass of the air,
m g (air ) , in the mentioned region is then
expressed by means of the following
equation [7]:

mg(air)

r 0D

1mi0(air) =
= 1 2 1+

4fc

{ [

]}

= 1 2 1+ 6.491037 D2 1 mi0(air)

(2)

where
is
the
air
density,

3
= 0.4135kg.m at 10km height [8]; 0 is
the magnetic permeability of free space; c
is the light speed and mi 0 (air ) is the inertial
mass of the air.
Considering that D can be expressed by
the following equation [9]:
D=

Em2
2 0 f

2
Erms
0 f

(3)

where E m is the amplitude of the oscillating

electric field and E rms = E m 2 . Then, Eq.
(2) can be rewritten as follows

{ [

]}

4
mg(air) = 1 2 1+ 4.111025 Erms
1 mi0(air)

(4)

For example, if Erms = 1.24 106 V .m 1 ,

then the gravitational mass of the air is
reduced to m g (d ) 0.2mi 0 (d ) . Consequently,
we can say that, close to the external
surface of the spacecraft, the air velocity
will be increased up to 5 times, i.e., if
a 0 = F0 mi 0 (d ) , v0 = a 0 t , then
a = F0 mg(d ) = F0 0.2mi0(d ) a = 5a0 v = 5v0 (5)
This causes a decreasing of about 25 times
in the local pressure (Bernoulli principle).
Then clouds are attracted to the region of

Corona effect arises when E

> 3 10 6 V .m 1 [10]

low pressure, and thus a bigger cloud can

be formed around the spacecraft. During the
compression process of the cloud the
collisions (and coalescence collisions)
among the water droplets become more
frequent and lead to the formation of large
drops with sufficient fall velocities to reach
the ground as rainfall.

4
References
[1] Gelt, J. (2012) Weather Modification: A Water Resource
Strategy to be Researched, Tested Before Tried.
University of Arizona.
[2] Chernikov, A. A. (2012). Artificial rainfall. Central
Aerological Observatory, Roshydromet, Russia.
[3] http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/201103/24/content_12218277.htm
http://www.usnews.com/science/articles/2009/12/11/
governments-turn-to-cloud-seeding-to-fight-drought
[4] De Aquino, F. (2008) Process and Device for
Controlling the Locally the Gravitational Mass and the
Gravity Acceleration, BR Patent Number: PI0805046-5,
July 31, 2008.
[5] De Aquino, F. (1998) Electric Spacecraft Journal, 27,
pp.6-13: http://arXiv.org/abs/physics/9904018
[6] Quevedo, C. P. (1977) Eletromagnetismo, McGrawHill, p. 270.
[7] De Aquino, F. (2010) Mathematical Foundations of the
Relativistic Theory of Quantum Gravity, Pacific Journal
of Science and Technology, 11 (1), pp. 173-232.
[8] Properties of Standard Atmosphere
http://www.braeunig.us/space/atmos.htm
[9] Halliday, D. and Resnick, R. (1968)
Physics, J. Willey & Sons,
Portuguese Version, Ed. USP, p.1124.
[10] Quevedo, C. P. (1977) Eletromagnetismo, McGrawHill, p. 78.