Notes

Notes
1.
Jump up ^ The shahada (statement of faith) is sometimes translated into

English as "There is no god but Allah", using the romanization of the Arabic word
"Allah" instead of its translation. The Arabic word "Allah" literally translates as the
God, as the prefix "Al-" is the definite article. [389][390][391]
2.
Jump up ^ The Consultative Assembly is an advisory body to the monarch.
3.
Jump up ^ Arabic: as-Sudiyyah or as-Sadiyyah
4.
Jump up ^ Arabic: al-Mamlakah al-Arabiyyah asSudiyyah, Arabic pronunciation (helpinfo)
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mondovisione.com.
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plan after another to 'Saudize' the economy, but to no avail. The foreign workforce grows, and so
does unemployment among Saudis. .... The previous plan called for slashing unemployment to
2.8% only to see it rise to 10.5% in 2009, the end of that plan period. Government plans in Saudi
are like those in the old Soviet Union, grandiose but unmet. (Also, as in the old Soviet Union,
nearly all Saudi official statistics are unreliable, so economists believe the real Saudi
unemployment rate is closer to 40%)"
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257.
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subsistence living in rural provinces, but ... urbanization over the past 40 years [so now] .... fully
80% of Saudis now live in one of the country's three major urban centers Riyadh, Jeddah, and
Dammam."
258.
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259.
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25: Caryle Murphy (February 7, 2012). "Saudi Arabias Youth and the Kingdoms Future".
Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars' Environmental Change and Security
Program. Two other sources state that 60% is under the age of 21: "Out of the comfort zone".
The Economist. 3 March 2012., House, p. 221
260.
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100,000 Shia Muslims". Pew Forum. October 7, 2009. Retrieved 12 March 2015. Saudi
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2012.
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279.
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281.
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sex | World news. The Guardian (7 December 2010). Retrieved on 9 May 2012. quote: "Royals
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blind eye."
290.
Jump up ^ the start of each lunar month determined not ahead of time by astronomical
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Jump up ^ the time varying according to sunrise and sunset times
292.
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Jump up ^ Prior to 29 June 2013, the weekend was Thursday-Friday, but was shifted to
better serve the Saudi economy and its international commitments. (source: "Weekend shift: A
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^ Jump up to: a b Rodenbeck, Max (October 21, 2004). "Unloved in Arabia (Book
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estimate of an elementary schoolteacher in Riyadh, Islamic studies make up 30 percent of the
actual curriculum. But another 20 percent creeps into textbooks on history, science, Arabic, and
so forth. In contrast, by one unofficial count the entire syllabus for twelve years of Saudi
schooling contains a total of just thirty-eight pages covering the history, literature, and cultures
of the non-Muslim world.)
297.
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The New York Review of Books 51 (16). Nine out of ten titles published in the kingdom are on
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298.
Jump up ^ Review. "Unloved in Arabia" By Max Rodenbeck. The New York Review of
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299.
Jump up ^ from p.195 of a review by Joshua Teitelbum, Middle East Studies, Vol. 38,
No. 4, Oct., 2002, of Changed Identities: The Challenge of the New Generation in Saudi Arabia
by anthropologist Mai Yamani, quoting p.116 |quote=Saudis of all stripes interviewed expressed
a desire for the kingdom to remain a Muslim society ruled by an overtly Muslim state. Secularist
are simply not to be found. [Both traditional and somewhat westernized Saudis she talked to
mediate their concerns] though the certainties of religion.
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and hostility toward Saudi Shia citizens. p. 1. ISBN 1-56432-535-0.
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who 'call for secular thought in any form', Main Online, 01 April 2014
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Call, The American Muslim. Retrieved 17 January 2011
317.
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Khadijah, the wife of Muhammad, the house of Abu Bakr, now the site of the local Hilton hotel;
the house of Ali-Oraid, the grandson of Muhammad, and the Mosque of abu-Qubais, now the
location of the King's palace in Mecca. (source: Shame of the House of Saud: Shadows over
Mecca, The Independent, 19 April 2006
318.
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Carlye Murphy gives the figure of 51% of the population being under the age
of 25 (as of Feb 2012, source: Murphy, Caryle. "Saudi Arabias Youth and the
Kingdoms Future". February 7, 2012. Woodrow Wilson International Center for
Scholars' Environmental Change and Security Program. Retrieved 13 May 2014.);
The Economist magazine estimates 60% of the Saudi population under the age
of 21, (dated March 3, 2012, source: "Out of the comfort zone". The Economist. March
3, 2012.)
The "United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision"

estimates only 28% of the population is under 14 years of age (source: "The
demographic profile of Saudi Arabia" (PDF). p. 6.)
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340.
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quote=There was once a time when we Saudis feared God and understood that we would be held
accountable by God on the Day of Judgment for our childrens upbringing after all, they are
our responsibility. Now it seems, maids are bringing up our children. How much respect do they
receive? Fathers used to set an example to their children and mothers used to be a source of
inspiration.
342.
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Crisis. Palgrave. p. 92. Their numbers mushroomed during the oil-boom years, and their
influence has led to a distancing of parents and children, since the servants were expected to act
as surrogate parents. Most of the domestic servants were non-Muslims and non-Arabs, meaning
the results have been doubly negative: They lack the authority -- and presumably ... the
inclination -- to discipline those in their care, while being unable to pass down by example the
core Islamic values and traditions that have always formed the bedrock of Saudi society. (p.92)
343.
344.
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http://www.Arabyouthsurvey.com
345.
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surveyed, but had grown to 45% ASDA'A Burston-Marsteller Arab Youth Survey 2014, p.9
346.
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http://www.Arabyouthsurvey.com
347.
348.
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349.
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350.
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Saudi Arabia at the Wayback Machine (archived December 11, 2003)[dead link]. Washington Post.
Page A01
351.
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2003
352.
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2014.
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al-Arabiyya. Saudi Gazette. 3 November 2013. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
354.
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growing problem of poverty". The Guardian. Washington Post. Retrieved 2 October 2014. In a
country with vast oil wealth and lavish royalty, an estimated quarter of Saudis live below the
poverty line
355.
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356.
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(PDF). p. 9. ISBN 978-92-95044-89-0.
357.
^ Jump up to: a b Human Rights Watch (2008). Perpetual Minors: human rights abuses
from male guardianship and sex segregation in Saudi Arabia. p. 2.
358.
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male guardianship and sex segregation in Saudi Arabia. p. 3.
359.
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Rights". MEMRI.
360.
361.
Jump up ^ Otto, p. 164
362.
363.
364.
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Retrieved 3 July 2013
365.
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2013
366.
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367.
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Retrieved 18 January 2011
368.
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Wayback Machine (archived May 1, 2011)[dead link] Asharq Alawsat, 13 January 2009.
369.
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370.
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(15-24 years) literacy rate (%) 2008-2012*, male 99
371.
Youth (15-24 years) literacy rate (%) 2008-2012*, female 97
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sedentary lifestyle-related obesity has been escalating among Saudi females

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Jump up ^ The shahada (statement of faith) is sometimes translated into

Jump up ^ The Consultative Assembly is an advisory body to the monarch.

Jump up ^ Arabic: as-Sudiyyah or as-Sadiyyah

Jump up ^ Arabic: al-Mamlakah al-Arabiyyah asSudiyyah, Arabic pronunciation (helpinfo)

Jump up ^ "Official annual projection" (PDF). cdsi.gov.sa. 2014.

^ Jump up to: a b c d "Saudi Arabia". International Monetary Fund.

Jump up ^ "2014 Human Development Report Summary" (PDF). United Nations

^ Jump up to: a b Tripp, Culture Shock, 2003: p.14

Jump up ^ "Saudi Arabia Launches New Housing Scheme To Ease Shortage".

^ Jump up to: a b c "Demography of Religion in the Gulf". Mehrdad Izady. 2013.

Jump up ^ James Wynbrandt (2004). A Brief History of Saudi Arabia. Infobase

Jump up ^ Soldatkin, Vladimir; Astrasheuskaya, Nastassia (9 November 2011). "Saudi

Jump up ^ "UAE has most diversified GCC economy". emirates247.com. January 6,

^ Jump up to: a b Democracy index 2012 Democracy at a standstill (PDF). The

^ Jump up to: a b "Freedom House. Saudi Arabia". freedomhouse.org.

^ Jump up to: a b "Trends in International Arms Transfer, 2014". www.sipri.org.

Jump up ^ "The erosion of Saudi Arabia's image among its neighbours".

^ Jump up to: a b c d "Background Note: Saudi Arabia". U.S. State Department.

Jump up ^ James Wynbrandt; Fawaz A. Gerges (2010). A Brief History of Saudi

Jump up ^ Wahbi Hariri-Rifai; Mokhless Hariri-Rifai (1990). The heritage of the

Jump up ^ "Islamic State sets sights on Saudi Arabia". BBC.

Jump up ^ Matthew Gordon (2005). The Rise of Islam. p. 4. ISBN 0-313-32522-7.

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "History of Arabia". Encyclopdia Britannica.

Jump up ^ Bowen, pp. 6970

Jump up ^ D. Gold (6 April 2003) "Reining in Riyadh". NYpost (JCPA)

Jump up ^ Madawi Al Rasheed (1997). Politics in an Arabian Oasis: The Rashidis of

Jump up ^ R. Hrair Dekmejian (1994). Islam in Revolution: Fundamentalism in the

Jump up ^ James Wynbrandt; Fawaz A. Gerges (2010). A Brief History of Saudi

^ Jump up to: a b Al-Rasheed, pp. 136137

^ Jump up to: a b c Hegghammer, p. 24

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Jump up ^ Al-Rasheed, p. 212

^ Jump up to: a b Anthony H. Cordesman (2009). Saudi Arabia: National Security in a

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Jump up ^ "Saudi king announces new benefits". Al Jazeera. 23 February 2011.

Jump up ^ "Saudis vote in municipal elections, results on Sunday". Oman Observer.

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Jump up ^ Gerhard Robbers (2007). Encyclopedia of world constitutions, Volume 1.

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Encyclopaedia Britannica Online: Saudi Arabia".

^ Jump up to: a b Al-Rasheed, pp. 180, 242243, 248, 257258

Jump up ^ Ondrej Barenek (2009). "Divided We Survive: A Landscape of

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