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English Grammar Step by Step

UNIT 8
IRREGULAR VERBS

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International
Calls

INFINITIVE

SIMPLE PAST

PAST PARTICIPLE

abide

abode, abided

abode, abided

arise

arose

arisen

awake

awoke

awoken

be

was, were

been

bear

bore

borne, born

beat

beat

beaten

become

became

become

befall

befell

befallen

beget

begot

begotten

interrogative

begin

began

begun

sentences
Unit 2: Short

behold

beheld

beheld

bend

bent

bent

beseech

besought, beseeched

besought, beseeched

beset

beset

beset

bespeak

bespoke

bespoke(n)

bestride

bestrode

bestridden

bet

bet, betted

bet, betted

bid

bid, bade

bid, bidden

bind

bound

bound

bite

bit

bitten

bleed

bled

bled

blow

blew

blown

break

broke

broken

breed

bred

bred

bring

brought

brought

broadcast

broadcast

broadcast

Teaching Materials
Tools for Language
Professionals

Basic Vocabulary:
Contents
The Colours in
English

Months and Seasons

The Days of the
Week

Nationality Words
English Grammar
Step by Step:
Collapse
Contents
Introduction
Notes
Unit 1: Negative and

answers
Unit 3: Question
tags

Unit 4: Questions
and exclamations
Unit 5: So, neither,
nor, either
Unit 6: Be, used to,
would, be/get/become
used to, dare, have,
get, become, grow,
go, turn, fall and feel
Unit 7: Verb tenses:
forms
Unit 8: Irregular
verbs
Unit 9: Verb tenses:
uses
Unit 10: Personal
pronouns, possessives
and reflexive pronouns
Unit 11: The genitive
case
Unit 12: Singular and
plural nouns
Unit 13: Gender
Unit 14: A, an, some,
any, no, not, none,
each, every and the;

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compounds of some,

build

built

built

burn

burnt, burned

burnt, burned

burst

burst

burst

a lot, lots, a little,

little, many, much, no

buy

bought

bought

and plenty

cast

cast

cast

too, so and such

Unit 18: Comparative

catch

caught

caught

and superlative

choose

chose

chosen

sentences
Unit 19: The

cling

clung

clung

Unit 20: Relative

come

came

come

clauses
Unit 21: Do and

cost

cost, costed

cost, costed

make
Unit 22: Modal verbs

countersink

countersank

countersunk

creep

crept

crept

crossbreed

crossbred

crossbred

cut

cut

cut

deal

dealt

dealt

dig

dug

dug

29: Inversion

do

did

done

30: Connectors
31: Prepositions

draw

drew

drawn

dream

dreamt, dreamed

dreamt, dreamed

drink

drank

drunk

drive

drove

driven

dwell

dwelt, dwelled

dwelt, dwelled

eat

ate

eaten

English Grammar
for Beginners:
Contents
Unit 1: A, an, some

fall

fell

fallen

feed

fed

fed

any and the

Unit 2: Some, any +
body/one, + thing, +
where
Unit 3: Personal
pronouns and
possessives
Unit 4: Reflexive
pronouns, the
reciprocal pronoun
"each other" and
object pronouns
Unit 5: List of
irregular verbs

feel

felt

felt

fight

fought

fought

find

found

found

flee

fled

fled

fling

flung

flung

fly

flew

flown

forbear

forbore

forborne

forbid

forbad(e)

forbidden

Other Services:
Popular Phrases and

forecast

forecast, forecasted

forecast, forecasted

any, no and every

Unit 15: Neither,

not...either, none,
not...any, both and all

Unit 16: A few, few,

Unit 17: Enough,

adjective order

Unit 23: Infinitives,

gerunds and present
participles

Unit 24: Conditional

sentences

Unit 25: Passive

sentences

Unit 26: Reported

speech

Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit

27: Purpose
28: Word order

32: Phrasal

verbs

Intermediate
English Grammar:
Contents
Unit 9: Irregular
verbs

Sayings

The Writer's Place

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forego

forewent

forgone

foresee

foresaw

foreseen

foretell

foretold

foretold

forget

forgot

forgotten

forgive

forgave

forgiven

forgo

forwent

forgone

forsake

forsook

forsaken

forswear

forswore

forsworn

freeze

froze

frozen

get

got

got

give

gave

given

go

went

gone

grind

ground

ground

grow

grew

grown

hang

hung, hanged

hung, hanged

have

had

had

hear

heard

heard

heave

hove, heaved

hove, heaved

hide

hid

hidden

hit

hit

hit

hold

held

held

hurt

hurt

hurt

inlay

inlaid

inlaid

interweave

interwove

interwoven

keep

kept

kept

kneel

knelt, kneeled

knelt, kneeled

knit

knitted, knit

knitted, knit

know

knew

known

lade

laded

laden

lay

laid

laid

lead

led

led

lean

leant, leaned

leant, leaned

leap

leapt, leaped

leapt, leaped

learn

learnt, learned

learnt, learned

leave

left

left

lend

lent

lent

let

let

let

lie

lay

lain

light

lit, lighted1

lit, lighted

lip-read

lip-read

lip-read

lose

lost

lost

make

made

made

mean

meant

meant

meet

met

met

miscast

miscast

miscast

misdeal

misdealt

misdealt

mishear

misheard

misheard

mishit

mishit

mishit

mislay

mislaid

mislaid

mislead

misled

misled

misread

misread

misread

misspell

misspelt, misspelled

misspelt, misspelled

misspend

misspent

misspent

mistake

mistook

mistaken

misunderstand

misunderstood

misunderstood

outbid

outbid

outbid

outdo

outdid

outdone

outgrow

outgrew

outgrown

outrun

outran

outrun

outsell

outsold

outsold

outshine

outshone

outshone

overbid

overbid

overbid

overcome

overcame

overcome

overdo

overdid

overdone

overdraw

overdrew

overdrawn

overeat

overate

overeaten

overfeed

overfed

overfed

overfly

overflew

overflown

overhang

overhung

overhung

overhear

overheard

overheard

overlay

overlaid

overlaid

overpay

overpaid

overpaid

override

overrode

overridden

overrun

overran

overrun

oversee

oversaw

overseen

oversell

oversold

oversold

overshoot

overshot

overshot

oversleep

overslept

overslept

overspend

overspent

overspent

overtake

overtook

overtaken

overthrow

overthrew

overthrown

overwind

overwound

overwound

partake

partook

partaken

pay

paid

paid

prepay

prepaid

prepaid

proofread

proofread

proofread

put

put

put

quit

quit, quitted2

quit, quitted

read

read

read

rebind

rebound

rebound

rebuild

rebuilt

rebuilt

recast

recast

recast

redo

redid

redone

redraw

redrew

redrawn

remake

remade

remade

rend

rent

rent

repay

repaid

repaid

rerun

reran

rerun

resell

resold

resold

reset

reset

reset

resit

resat

resat

retake

retook

retaken

retell

retold

retold

rethink

rethought

rethought

rewind

rewound

rewound

rewrite

rewrote

rewritten

rid

rid

rid

ride

rode

ridden

ring

rang

rung

rise

rose

risen

run

ran

run

saw

sawed

sawn

say

said

said

see

saw

seen

seek

sought

sought

sell

sold

sold

send

sent

sent

set

set

set

sew

sewed

sewn

shake

shook

shaken

shed

shed

shed

shine

shone, shined

shone, shined

shoe

shod

shod

shoot

shot

shot

show

showed

shown

shrink

shrank

shrunk

shut

shut

shut

sing

sang

sung

sink

sank

sunk

sit

sat

sat

slay

slew

slain

sleep

slept

slept

slide

slid

slid

sling

slung

slung

slink

slunk

slunk

slit

slit

slit

smell

smelt, smelled

smelt, smelled

smite

smote

smitten

speak

spoke

spoken

speed

speeded, sped

speeded, sped

spell

spelt, spelled

spelt, spelled

spend

spent

spent

spill

spilt, spilled

spilt, spilled

spin

spun

spun

spit

spat

spat

split

split

split

spoil

spoilt, spoiled

spoilt, spoiled

spread

spread

spread

spring

sprang

sprung

stand

stood

stood

steal

stole

stolen

stick

stuck

stuck

sting

stung

stung

stink

stank, stunk (US)

stunk

strew

strewed

strewn, strewed

stride

strode

stridden

strike

struck

struck

string

strung

strung

strive

strove

striven

swear

swore

sworn

sweep

swept

swept

swell

swelled

swollen

swim

swam

swum

swing

swung

swung

take

took

taken

teach

taught

taught

tear

tore

torn

tell

told

told

think

thought

thought

throw

threw

thrown

thrust

thrust

thrust

tread

trod

trodden

unbend

unbent

unbent

unbind

unbound

unbound

underbid

underbid

underbid

undercut

undercut

undercut

underfeed

underfed

underfed

undergo

underwent

undergone

underlie

underlay

underlain

underpay

underpaid

underpaid

undersell

undersold

undersold

understand

understood

understood

undertake

undertook

undertaken

underwrite

underwrote

underwritten

undo

undid

undone

unfreeze

unfroze

unfrozen

unmake

unmade

unmade

unsay

unsaid

unsaid

unwind

unwound

unwound

uphold

upheld

upheld

upset

upset

upset

wake

woke

woken

waylay

waylaid

waylaid

wear

wore

worn

weave

wove

woven

wed

wed, wedded

wed, wedded

weep

wept

wept

win

won

won

wind

wound

wound

withdraw

withdrew

withdrawn

withhold

withheld

withheld

withstand

withstood

withstood

wring

wrung

wrung

write

wrote

written

Remarks:
a

The verb be has two forms in the simple past tense:

I, he, she, itwas; you, we, theywere. For further
information, see unit unit 6, part 1, section 2.

The past participle of get is got in British English,

but gotten in American English.

A verb such undergo has two elements under + go.

In this case, we form the simple past and the past
participle in the same way as the verb go without under:
go
went
gone
undergo

underwent

undergone

An exception to this rule is get:

get
got
got
forget
forgot
forgotten
But in America, people say gotten, as we have already
seen above.
d

Burn, dream, dwell, kneel, lean, leap, learn, smell,

spell, spill and spoil can be regular or irregular.
In British English, we usually prefer the irregular form
(burnt, dreamt, and so forth). Americans use the regular
ones, that is to say, the ones with -ed. As we have seen
above, a verb such as misspell should be treated as spell,
that is, Americans would say misspelled; but British
people, misspelt.
They are also pronounced differently:
dreamt
/dremt/
dreamed
/dri:md/
(Also kneel, lean and leap. Since leap ends in a voiceless
sound, -ed is pronounced /t/: leaped (/li:pt/),
but leapt (/lept/).)
spelt
/spelt/
spelled
/speld/
(Also burn, dwell, learn, smell, spill and spoil.)

Abide, cost, hang, heave, knit, shine, speed, and a few

other verbs, can be regular or irregular, according to the
sense we use them. Bid has two forms; each of them with

different meanings. If you are in doubt about which form

to use, look the verb up in a dictionary.
f

Lie is regular when it means not to tell the truth, but

it is irregular when its meaning is to be in or put your
body into a horizontal position:
She lied to me. (= She didnt tell me the truth.)
She lay down a bit, as she felt sick. (= She put her
body into a horizontal position.)

The infinitive of the verb read is pronounced /ri:d/;

the simple past and the past participle, /red/.

Note that the past participle of bear in be born: He was

born in 1920, that is, He was brought into the world
in 1920.

Modal verbs are not included in this list because they

are defective, that is, they have not all the forms.
For instance, we may say I can play football (present
ability), or I could play football (past ability);
but we may not say I have could play football since I
was a child; we have to say I have been able to play
football since I was a child. For further information
about these verbs, see unit 22.

____________________

In British English, the simple past and the past

participle is usually lit. Lighted is used before
nouns: a lighted cigarette.

Especially in British English.

Author: Miquel Molina i Diez

Contents
Introduction
Notes
1 Negative and interrogative sentences (Page 2 and the key)
2 Short answers (Page 2 and the key)
3 Question tags (Page 2 and the key)
4 Questions and exclamations (Page 2 and the key)
5 So, neither, nor, either (the key)
6 Be, used to, would, be/get/become used to, dare, have, get, become, grow, go,
turn, fall and feel (Page 2 and the key)
7 Verb tenses: forms (Page 2 and the key)
8 Irregular verbs
9 Verb tenses: uses (Page 2, Page 3, Page 4, Page 5 and the key)
10 Personal pronouns, possessives and reflexive pronouns (Page 2 and the key)
11 The genitive case (the key)
12 Singular and plural nouns (Page 2 and the key)
13 Gender (the key)
14 A, an, some, any, no, not, none, each, every and the; compounds of some, any,
no and every (Page 2, Page 3 and the key)
15 Neither, not...either, none, not...any, both and all (the key)
16 A few, few, a lot, lots, a little, little, many, much, no and plenty (the key)
17 Enough, too, so and such (the key)
18 Comparative and superlative sentences (Page 2 and the key)
19 Adjective order (the key)
20 Relative clauses (Page 2 and the key)
21 Do and make (the key)
22 Modal verbs (Page 2, Page 3 and the key)
23 Infinitives, gerunds and present participles (Page 2 and the key)
24 Conditional sentences (Page 2 and the key)
25 Passive sentences (the key)
26 Reported speech (Page 2 and the key)

27 Purpose (the key)

28 Word order (the key)
29 Inversion (the key)
30 Connectors (Page 2 and the key)
31 Prepositions (Page 2, Page 3 and the key)
32 Phrasal verbs (the key)

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