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the system to track object and provides the most up-to-date information about ongoing trips. If a
password like SMS is sent by the owner, it automatically stops the vehicle or we can use it for
different other work, it can provide real time control. This system finds its application in real
time traffic surveillance. It could be used as a valuable tool for real time traveler. The current
system can be able to provide monitoring process from anywhere. The purpose of this system is
to design and integrate a
new system which is integrated with GPS- GSM to provide following feature:
a) Location information,
b) Real time tracking using SMS,
c) track bus driver activity
d) Communication is instantaneous therefore we can receive running report quickly.
It is completely integrated so that once it is implemented in all vehicles, then
it is easy to track vehicles any time
.
Keywords: Global Positioning System (GPS), RF receiver and transmitter, operations and
maintenance center (OMC) and Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK)
I. INTRODUCTION
In the last few decades, India has progressed at such an
enormous rate that many companies have strongly established themselves
here. These companies bring a huge amount of workforce with them.
Arranging transportation to such a huge mass is a cumbersome task in
-volving many intricacies. Generally, this transport is arranged through the
local transport vend -ors on a yearly contract basis, recently happen mishaps
such
as
burglary,
rape
cases
etc.
The
development
of
satellite
1.1 Objective:
Exploring GPS based tracking systems
interval.
Transmission of vehicles location and other information (including ignition status, door
open/close status) to the monitoring station/Tracking server after specified interval of
time.
Developing a web based software to display all transmitted information to end user along
with displaying location of vehicle on a map.The objective of the project is to build an
additional feature to the present security system that will warn the owner of the vehicle
by sending SMS when there has been an intrusion into the vehicle.
To provide a solution to avoid car stolen in the lower cost than advance security car
system. (GPS)
For the purpose of details of the block diagram refer fig
This vehicle tracking provides,the modules as
o Anti theft system
o Position tracking
o Security such as while locking the cars, confirmation whether the doors are open
or closed.
Overall system is partitioned into two major design units.
In-Vehicle unit
Tracking Server / Monitoring Station.
1.2
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based global navigation satellite system
(GNSS) that provides reliable location and time information in all weather and at all times
and anywhere on or near the Earth when and where there is an unobstructed line of sight to
four or more GPS satellites. It is maintained by the United States government and is freely
accessible by anyone with a GPS receiver. The GPS project was started in 1973 to overcome
the limitations of previous navigation systems, integrating ideas from several predecessors,
including a number of classified engineering design studies from the 1960s. GPS was created
and realized by the U.S. Department of Defense (USDOD) and was originally run with 24
satellites. It became fully operational in 1994.
receiver. The same applies for GPS- you only need a rather special radio receiver. Significant
advances in radio were bolstered by large sums of money during and after the Second World
War, and were even more advanced by the need for communications with early satellites and
rockets, and general space exploration. The technology to receive radio signals in a small handheld, from 20,000kms away, is indeed amazing.
Throughout the 1960s the U.S. Navy and Air Force worked on a number of systems that would
provide navigation capability for a variety of applications In 1973 finally, the U.S. Department of
Defense decided that the military had to have a super precise form of worldwide positioning.
And fortunately they had the kind of money ($12 billion!) it took to build something really good.
In short, development of the GPS satellite navigation system was begun in the 1970s by the US
Department of Defense. The basis for the new system was atomic clocks carried on satellites, a
concept successfully tested in an earlier Navy program called TIMATION. The Air Force
operated the new system, which it called the Navstar Global Positioning System. It has since
come to be known simply as GPS. The first GPS satellite was launched in 1978 and a secondgeneration set of satellites ("Block II") was launched beginning in 1989. Today's GPS
constellation consists of at least 24 Block II satellites. A full constellation of 24 satellites was
achieved in 1994.
GPS was originally intended for military applications, but in the 1980s, the
government made the system available for civilian use. After the downing of
Korean Flight 007 in 1983 -a tragedy that might have been prevented if its
crew had access to better navigational tools- President Ronald Reagan issued
a directive that guaranteed that GPS signals would be available at no charge
to the world. That directive helped open up a commercial market.
Deployment of GPS continued at a steady pace through the 1990s, with
growing numbers of civilian and military users. GPS burst into public
awareness during the Persian Gulf War in 1991. GPS was used extensively
during that conflict, so much so that not enough military-equipped GPS
receivers were available.
can simply by sending a SMS from mobile, disable the engine of vehicle and we can recover the
vehicle very soon.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Electrically Erasable read only memory which stores is used to store the mobile number. The
power is supplied to components like GSM, GPS and Micro control circuitry using a 12V/3.2A
battery .GSM requires 12v,GPS and microcontroller requires 5v .with the help of regulators we
regulate the power between three components. As shown in circuit diagram the microcontroller is
the key part of VTS, Crystal oscillator is used in the circuit to initiate the microcontroller with
the frequency of 10Mhz.A microcontroller use for providing proper interfacing between the GPS
& GSM module. A common voltage of 4 voltage is given to all component of the circuit. Here
AC to DC converter circuit is used which comprises of an IC-LN2576. It changes 12V DC
supply to 4 V. Circuit diagram uses many LEDs(Light Emitting Diode) for indication purpose.
When we switch on of our circuit network LED blink fastly for searching network. When it get
network its blinking time period increases. After network is found , Now gsm module LED start
blinking to search ,after that gps module LED start blinking, after that mmc LED start blinking
i.e. data started to being logged in the mmc card ,after that sms LED start blinking and the circuit
send message to the registeres mobile number which send latitude and longitude to the registered
mobile number. Now as shown in the circuit some relays are used, there are two relays used in
the circuit that works on +12v. It can support up to 50watt i.e. we can attached a device to it
which can work safely within 50watt. On relay two LED are placed which is used to show the
status of the relay ,i.e. when relay LED is glowing then relay is in working position , If LED is
not glowing then relay is not working i.e. device attached to the device will not work. Now
according to the circuit diagram microcontroller pin number 4 is used to initiate GSM module to
pin number 12 There are certain command which are used by the subscriber for receiving the
location of position and for changing the setting. The EEPROM is used to store the commands
sends by a subscriber. Commons sends by mobile are received by GPS. These data are reached to
the EEPROM by the help of microcontroller. At the time of changing the commands the old data
are erased and new one save. As shown in fig. microcontroller pin no.5 ic connected to the GSM
module serially, to the power key of the GSM module. And microcontroller is connected to GPS
module by pin no.7. Register is used in this circuit for voltage drop and capcitor is used for
blocking of AC current..
When GSM is initiate it firstly check the status of the module, now after that GSM transmitter
,receiver serially interfaced with microcontroller transmitter ,receiver. In GSM DCE is used as a
client and DTE is used as a terminal, DCE-DTE are connected to the following signal.
serially to a GSM Modem and GPS Receiver. A GSM modem is used to send the position
(Latitude and Longitude) of the vehicle from a remote place. The GPS modem will continuously
give the data i.e. the latitude and longitude indicating the position of the vehicle. The GPS
modem gives many parameters as the output, but only the NMEA data coming out is read and
displayed on to the LCD. The same data is sent to the mobile at the other end from where the
position of the vehicle is demanded. An EEPROM is used to store the mobile number. The
hardware interfaces to microcontroller are LCD display, GSM modem and GPS Receiver. The
design uses RS-232 protocol for serial communication between the modems and the
microcontroller. A serial driver IC is used for converting TTL voltage levels to RS-232 voltage
levels .In the main they are easy to steal, and the average motorist has very little knowledge of
what it is all about. To avoid this kind of steal we are going to implement this project which
provides more security to the vehicle. When the request by user is sent to the number at the
modem, the system automatically sends a return reply to that mobile indicating the position of
the vehicle in terms of latitude and longitude from this information we can track our vehicles.
IV. TECHNOLOGY
GSM MODULE
The GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a SIM card
operates on a subscribers mobile number over a network, just like a cellular
phone. It is a cell phone without display. Modem sim300 is a triband
GSM/GPRS
engine
that
works
on
EGSM900MHz,
DCS1800MHz
and
convert
TTL
microcontroller
into
and
RS232
the
logic
GSM
level
board.
converter
The
signal
used
at
between
pin
11
of
the
the
Frequency
(mobile
apart.
Channel separationThe separation between adjacent carrier frequencies. In GSM, this
is 200 kHz.
ModulationModulation is the process of sending a signal by changing the
characteristics of a carrier frequency. This is done in GSM via Gaussian minimum shift
keying (GMSK).
Transmission rateGSM is a digital system with an over-the-air bit rate of 270 kbps.
simulating a program. Micro controller-based systems usually have interfaces to various external
devices such as motors, I/O ports, timers, A/D converters, displays, push buttons, sensors and
signal generators, which are usually difficult to simulate. Some advanced simulators, such as the
Proteus from Labcenter Electronics allow the simulation of various peripheral devices such as
motors, LCDs, 7-segment displays and keyboards, and users can create new peripheral devices.
Inputs to the simulator can come from files that may store complex digital I/O signals and
waveforms. Outputs can be as form of digital data or waveforms, usually stored in a file, or
displayed on a screen. Some simulators accept only the assembly language of the target
microcontroller. Most of the microcontroller software has written a high-level language such as
C, Pascal or Basic, and it has become necessary to simulate a program has written in a high-level
language.
The software program has written in c or assembly language and compiled
using Keil software. After compiler operation, the hex code generated and
stored in the computer. The hex code of the program should be loaded into
the AT89C52 by using Top win Universal programmer.
In-Vehicle unit is designed using OEM module Telit GM862-GPS GSM/GPRS modem and
microcontroller PIC18F248 manufactured by Microchip. Figure 1 shows the block diagram of
In-Vehicle unit
GSM, GPS antennas and SIM card are not important from design point of view as they can be
just installed into connectors. Only important is board to board interface connector which
provides interface for external devices to the modem.
5.2Vehicle Unit
This is major part of the system and it will be installed into the vehicle. It is responsible for
capturing the following information for the vehicle
In-vehicle unit is also responsible for transmitting this information to Tracking Server located
anywhere in the world. To achieve all these functionalities In-Vehicle unit uses following
modules.
GPS Receiver
In-Vehicle unit uses GPS receiver to capture the current location and vehicle speed. Location and
speed data provided by GPS is not in human understandable format. This raw data needs to be
processed to convert it into useful information that can be displayed by a beacon on the map.
CPU is required to process this raw data. SiRF Star III single-chip GPS receiver is used which
comes integrated with GM862- GPS which is GSM/GPRS modem used for data transmission.
GPS receiver can also provide information of altitude, time of GPS fix, status of GPS fix, and
number of satellite used to compute current location information along with location and speed.
GPS fix means last reported location. For tracking purpose only location and speed data is
required for transmission. Other data provided by GPS receiver is used to determine the validity
of location information.
required information that is to be transmitted to remote server. It also controls data transmission
module to exchange information with remote server. It actually acts as a bridge between GPS
receiver, vehicle and remote server. It receives commands sent by server through data
transmission/receiving module and performs corresponding action required by server. As the
processing required in the In-vehicle unit is not computationally intensive therefore any low end
microcontroller can be used as a CPU. The microcontroller selected to serve as CPU for Invehicle unit is Microchips PIC18F248. This is 8-bit microcontroller and runs at speed of 20
MHz which is enough speed for the system.
As shown in the flowchart subroutine starts with initializing peripherals of the microcontroller.
All peripherals in use need to be initialized in this step. After initializations All commands sent to
module are sent using this subroutine. If the device responds with OK, it means
microcontroller can communicate with module. If device doesnt respond after expiration of
timeout routine is restarted. If problem persists definitely something in hardware is damaged.
After receiving OK response from module various parameters of module need to be initialized.
SIM presence is checked by sending command AT+CPIN? If device responds with +CPIN:
READY message, SIM is ready to use. Any other response message will be considered be sent
over network. If any other response is received module keeps on checking for network status
until it connects to network. Once it makes sure that module is connected to network, subroutine
is terminated.
waits for prompt >. When prompt appears message string is sent using Send AT Command
subroutine. If message sent successfully, module responds with +CMGS: <mr> where mr is
message reference number. If any error occurs subroutine tries to resend the message until it is
successfully sent.
subroutine sets the parameters for Quality of service. Commands used are AT+CGQMIN=
1,0,0,0,0,0 and AT+CGREQ=1,0,0,3,0,0. These parameters are recommended by manufacturer
of the GSM module. Along with APN network service provider also provides user name and
password to connect to ISP. Next step is to set user name and password for current GPRS
context. Commands used are AT#USERID=payandgo and AT#PASSW=password. Next step
configures the TCP/IP stack. It basically sets the minimum packet size, data sending timeout and
socket
inactivity
timeout.
Command
used
for
configuring
TCP/IP
stack
is
getting connection, socket is suspended using escape sequence +++ to bring module in command
mode. Socket remains connected while it is suspended. When GPRS connection is alive, module
cant accept AT commands and GPS data cant be read from module. Once module is in
command mode this subroutine calls the routine Read GPS data which provides the information
string that is to be sent to Tracking Server.
Vehicle unit is configured for continuous transmission of vehicle information after regular
intervals, all above steps are repeated otherwise module waits for incoming requests from
Tracking server. If location request is received above steps are repeated and if any other
command is sent by the server according action is taken. Server can send request for vehicle
shutdown, changing the data transmission from GPRS to SMS or changing the continuous
transmission to polling or vice versa, restart the In-Vehicle unit. This subroutine ends only when
In-Vehicle unit is restarted by Tracking server.
GM862-GPS will be configured in such a way that whenever new SMS arrives, GM862-GPS
will send the information about SMS to the serial port. Software will be listening at serial port; it
will read the SMS from GM862-GPS memory and extract the information from SMS. After
extracting the information SMS will be deleted from GM862-GPS by software and information
will be written to the database. Design requirements suggest that following objects are part of the
system.
GM862-GPS Modem
Serial Port
Vehicle Info
TCP/IP Socket
Database
In order to test server, laptop was configured to act as a server. GM862-GPS COM was
connected to COM port of laptop. Apache server was run on laptop to make it act like server. My
SQL DBMS was installed. After running the Communication software for GM862-GPS
following results were observed.
CONCLUSION
The results presented in this paper contain execution of Startup routine, execution of SMS
Configure routine, Logs of Tracking Server and Pointing out current location of vehicle. For
vehicle tracking in real time, in-vehicle unit and a tracking server is used. The information is
transmitted to Tracking server using GSM/GPRS modem on GSM network by using SMS or
using direct TCP/IP connection with Tracking server through GPRS. Tracking server also has
GSM/GPRS modem that receives vehicle location information via GSM network and stores this
information in database. This information is available to authorized users of the system via
website over the internet. Currently In-Vehicle unit was implemented with two boards.
Microcontroller board was externally connected to GM862-GPS interface board. Single board
can be designed to incorporate Microcontroller circuitry on the GM862-GPS interface board. It
will reduce the overall size of In-Vehicle unit and it will also reduce the number of components
so will the cost.
REFERENCES
[1]. G. T. French (1996) Understanding the GPS. 1st Edition. Bethesda, Geo Research Inc.
[2]. J.B. TSUI (2000) Fundamentals of Global Positioning System Receivers. 1st Edition. John
Willey & Sons Inc.
[3]. GPS Images[online:]
http://www.gpsvehiclenavigation.com/GPS/images.php
[4]. R. Parsad, M. Ruggieri (2005) Applied Satellite Navigation Using GPS, GALILEO, and
Augmentation Systems. London, ARTECH
HOUSE.
[5]. R. Steel et al (2001) GSM, cdmaOne and 3G Systems. Chichester, John Willey & Sons Inc.
[6]. T. Halonen et al (2003) GSM, GPRS and EDGE Performance. 2 nd Edition. Chichester, John
Willey & Sons Ltd.
[7]. GPRS ( General Packet Radio Service), HSCSD & EDGE[online:]http://www.mobilephones-uk.org.uk/gprs.htm
[8]. Telit Wireless Solutions (2008) GM862-GPS Modem
[9]. Microchip (2007) PIC18FXX8 Datasheet
[10]. Transportation District's Automatic Vehicle Location System[online:]
http://www.itsdocs.fhwa.dot.gov//JPODOCS/REPTS_TE/13589.htm l
[11]. Vehicle Tracking Systems Overview [Online:]
http://www.roseindia.net/technology/vehicletracking/ VehicleTrackingSystems.shtml
[12]. Telit Wireless Solutions (2007) GM862-GPS Hardware user guide. 1vv0300728 Rev. 8 20/09/07