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FirstName LastName
Professor Manley
EN102-B
18 Mar. 2015
"Benefits of Inclusive Education." Kids Together, Inc. 29 June 2010. Web. 19 Mar.
2015.
This article from Kids Together, Inc. gives a few lists. It also gives an excerpt
from a section of literature from the National Down Syndrome Society. There are
two lists. One list is the benefits of inclusion for kids with disabilities. A few
examples from the list are more relationships, greater opportunity for interactions,
and higher expectations. The other list includes benefits for children without
disabilities. These benefits include meaningful friendships, respect for all people,
and prepare them for an adult life with an inclusive society. The excerpt from the
National Down Syndrome Society states things such as the students without
disabilities can serve as role models for speech and behavior. Also during a study in
2000, children without disabilities educated in an inclusive environment had better
progress in math than their peers.
This information is helpful because it very bluntly explains the benefits of
inclusion. It just doesnt explain for children with disabilities, but does also for
children without. This can be helpful because it can persuade the parents of children
without disabilities to want their child to be educated in inclusive environments
because it helps them as well. This article does not go into very detailed because of
the two lists. It allows me to branch off of the ideas with my own and how they
would have helped with the schooling that I have been through. The excerpt can
help because it lists certain studies. The studies can be used as support for my
argument.
Bui, Xuan, Carol Quirk, Selene Almazan, and Michele Valenti. "Inclusive
Education Research and Practice." Mcie.org. MARYLAND
COALITION FOR INCLUSIVE EDUCATION, 2010. Web. 22
Mar. 2015.
This article has four authors explaining different studies. One study is the positive
outcomes of inclusion. Children with disabilities progress faster in reading and math in an
inclusive classroom rather than if they were secluded. They found out that it also
improved other non-academic things. Children that are educated in a general classroom
generally have fewer absences, fewer referrals for disruptive behavior, and better
outcomes after high school in areas of employment and independent living. They also
explain the effects inclusion has on children without disabilities. Theres no difference in
instructional time or student participation. Also children without disabilities made greater
progress in inclusive classrooms because it gives greater access to the general education
curriculum that benefits all students. The article also lists adaptations that a general
classroom needs to make the movement to inclusion. Things such as graphic organizers,

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content enhancement routines, and supplementing grade level textbooks for other
materials that is easier to understand.
This was a very scholarly article with a ton of information. It goes into detail
about a bunch of different studies done on inclusion. It lists statistics, which makes it
even more powerful. It is organized very well and split into different sections that are
very detailed. That can help while writing my paper because I can split into the same kind
of sections. The authors also list every single reference, which makes them very credible.
I can use this article in my essay very easily because it is so detailed. It goes from studies
and statistics of how it is beneficial, which is my research question. Then it goes the extra
little and describes how to go about making inclusion possible.

Calabrese, Raymond, et al. "An Appreciative Inquiry Into The Circle Of Friends
Program: The Benefits Of Social Inclusion Of Students With Disabilities."
International Journal Of Whole Schooling 4.2 (2008): 20. ERIC. Web. 25 Mar.
2015.
This is a research paper done by students at Ohio State University and Wichita
State. They give a background of the topic and spit out some facts. They then give their
purpose for writing this paper which is to help students with disabilities develop
relationships with students in general education. They mention a program called the
Circle of Friends Program (COFP) which is the big topic of the paper. The purpose of
this program is to widen the social network of students with disabilities by linking them
to the social network of general education students. They displayed findings during their
research. Parents with children that have disabilities and the children themselves in the
COFP felt less isolated than those who werent apart of the program. Also buddies and
sponsors in COFP felt transformed. They felt a greater purpose of life and felt helping
those with disabilities was a life-changing experience. They state the COFP runs on a
school districts funding but also needs additional funding from outside help. These
students ultimately agreed that inclusion is beneficial for students with disabilities and
without.
I can use this paper in my research paper because it itself is a research paper.
They agree with me. They are saying how it is beneficial to include children with
disabilities in a general classroom. They state how not only is it beneficial to the students
but also their parents and to the people helping them. They are very detailed in their
findings and also in the discussion. I completely agree with a lot of what they stated. I did
not understand some of the information they were saying about the program needing
money. I felt it wasnt very relevant to the subject. Even if I dont plan to use
information from this research paper, I can still use it as a reference on how to set up my
own research paper. It looks very professional and well done.

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Moorehead, Tanya, and Kelly Grillo. "Celebrating The Reality Of Inclusive STEM
Education."Teaching Exceptional Children 45.4 (2013): 50-57. Academic Search
Elite. Web. 27 Mar. 2015.
This article talks about co-teaching in inclusive education. It also talks about tips
on how to go about inclusion. Mainly talks about how co-teaching is beneficial to a
inclusive classroom. They state that station teaching can be very helpful. Station teacher
provides teachers with time and a method to successfully instruct a smaller group of
students. It explains two circumstances. A math and a science class were both co-taught
and were inclusive. It goes into detail about how the teachers went about teaching each
class. In each class they used the station technique. The station technique is beneficial in
inclusive education because it allows the teachers to focus on a smaller group of students
and gives teachers the flexibility to vary interactions, whether it be teacher-student,
student-student, or student-hands-on materials. Co-teaching allows for the opportunity for
teachers to collaborate and give instruction to a diverse group of students in an inclusive
setting.
This is a very well written and organized article that I plan to use in my research
paper. It gives a very specific plan to go about inclusive education and then elaborates on
it. It is a very detailed article. I can use it in my research paper to back up my argument
that inclusive education can be beneficial and would not be a burden. It has a lot of tables
at the bottom that compare a traditional classroom configuration verses a station teaching
one. It also lists out tips and ideas for teachers to think about while teaching an inclusive
classroom. I can put those tips and ideas in my paper because my audience is school
districts and their teachers. I would want them to read about how they can better their
classrooms for inclusion.
Schultz, Katie. "Special Education Inclusion - Wisconsin Education
Association Council." Wisconsin Education Association Council. 2001. Web. 17
Mar. 2015.
This article discusses why mainstreaming is controversial. It explains people
who are totally against it and for it. It also gives definitions that everyday people
may not be familiar with such as mainstreaming, inclusion, and full inclusion. It also
talks about the law. The law does not require there to be inclusion, but students to
be taught in the least restrictive areas to meet their unique needs. It also
includes many court cases that deal with parents suing school districts because their
children are not being educated properly. Many of the courts sided with the parents
that their children should be included in the classroom full time. It also includes
recommendations of how to transition from traditional special education to a more
inclusive approach. It states that you should choose a district that will be involved.
I can use this research in my essay because it talks a lot about the law. I can
argue how many laws should be changed and why. I can support my argument with
the court cases listed in the research. I can use them because most of them decided
that the inclusion of students with special needs full time is important. If courts are
ruling in favor of inclusion then it should be implemented. I can also use it because it
gives complete definitions of some terms that my audience may not be familiar with.

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I can also state recommendations of how some school districts should change their
special education programs. It explains very detailed how schools can go about
inclusion.
Seidman, Ellen. "Why Inclusion In Classrooms Benefits ALL Kids."
Parents.com. 6 Nov. 2012. Web. 1 Apr. 2015.
This article explains why inclusion is beneficial to all kids. One example she
gives for the students with disabilities is that the other kids can be role models. The
students with disabilities can look up to their peers and learn how to act and behave.
Another example the author gives is about diversity. Children without disabilities that are
included with children that have disabilities learn that differences in other people is okay.
They learn to be more accepting and tolerant. Also the parents of children with
disabilities feel less anxious when their children are being taught in general education.
They feel this way because they want their child to feel normal and not feel like an
outsider. The final example that the author explains is a student teaching a student with
disabilities material helps everyone understand the material better.
I think I can use some information from this article. The point about teaching a
peer helps everyone better understand really applies. I can attest to that. It really does
work and helps you, yourself learn the material and it also helps the person you are
teaching. This information can go in the part where I will talk about the benefits for the
other students. I think my argument for that inclusion helps not only students with
disabilities, but also that it helps everyone, will really support the argument of inclusion.
The point of diversity is big too. It is a big point because the world is diverse and children
should learn at a young age that it is okay to be different, and no one should be
discriminated against because they are different.
"Special Education: Promoting More Inclusion at Your School." Edutopia. George
Lucas Educational Foundation. Web. 17 Mar. 2015.
Rutgers University has a project called the Inclusive Schools Climate
Initiative. It is a project that is developed through a partnership with the Office of
Special Education Programs at the NJ Department of Education. They believe it is
imperative to improve the climate or environment in schools for schools to make
inclusion easier. Dr. Leman states that the success of students with disabilities in
more inclusive settings depends on meeting their academic, social, and emotional
needs. She says that it is important for all students to understand each other better.
The students need to feel safe and supported, and they must have positive,
respectful relationships with each other. To make a better climate they say it is a
must that it should be accessed first. The climate will be assessed for its supportive
relationships, a strong sense of connectedness to school, the development of
positive social skills and pro-social behaviors, workplace settings where teachers
and staff have positive relationships and feel respected and valued, perceptions of
disabilities, and perceptions of the extent to which the school is inclusive. To make it
a better climate they state schools should have disabilities awareness day in the

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beginning of the year to learn about the children with disabilities. Also they will
have a buddy system so no child will feel isolated and left out.
This project could be very useful and helpful in school districts. It accesses
the problems and then helps of the mainstreaming of children with disabilities. I
could use this research in my essay to show that there are projects being worked on
by big universities to help with inclusion and why it is beneficial. By projects like
these it shows that people everywhere think inclusion is very important and
something should be done about it.
Staub, Deb. "Inclusion and the Other Kids: Here's What Research Shows so Far About
Inclusion's Effect on Non-disabled Students." Urbanschools.org. 2005. Web. 31
Mar. 2015.
This is an article that explains the benefits for not just kids with disabilities
but those without as well. The author explains that non-disabled childrens learning
will not suffer because of inclusion. A survey taken of 300 parents of elementary
aged students shows that 89 percent would enroll their children in inclusive
education again. Another study she explains shows that the non-disabled children
are given no less attention than the disabled children. She goes from how the nondisabled children are not harmed to how they benefit. Children make long lasting
friendships in inclusive education. She explains that the disabled children feel good
to have a non-disabled friend and feel included with what they do. As well the nondisabled children feel good about them selves and enjoy the friendship. Nondisabled children also become aware of the social needs of those with disabilities as
well as understanding and reacting to their behavior.
This article is very credible because the author lists all of her references. It
doesnt go in depth about who conducted the studies that she talks about, but she
does go into detail about what the studies said and proved. I can use this
information in my research paper because she agrees with what I am saying and
even goes a little farther by saying inclusion doesnt harm non-disabled students. I
can incorporate the benefits non-disabled children receive in inclusion along with
the benefits that disabled children receive. It will make my argument that much
stronger that inclusion is beneficial.

"Together We Learn Better: Inclusive Schools Benefit All Children." Inclusive Schools
Network. Web. 19 Mar. 2015.
This article describes principles or strategies that need to be taken into
consideration while trying to create an inclusive environment. One principle is
differentiated instruction increases student engagement. It explains that no two
learners are alike. So inclusive schools must find ways of creating opportunities for
students to learn and be evaluated in a variety of ways. Another is academic
supports help each student to access the full curriculum. So inclusive schools should
have reading and literacy specialists as well as tutors to help all students. Another

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principle they list is behavioral supports help maintain a positive learning
environment for everyone. This is important for the students that have emotional or
behavioral disabilities while being in a certain environment.
This article can serve as support in my research paper. It can do this because
it gives five principles that inclusive schools should follow in order to be successful.
It goes into detail about each principle, which gives me a better understanding of
how to use it in my paper. These principles are certain guidelines of creating an
inclusive school so that makes it easy to talk about how schools can convert to be
inclusive.
Whitbread, Kathleen. "What Does the Research Say About Inclusive Education?"
Wrightslaw.com. Web. 23 Mar. 2015.
This article starts off talking about the court case Brown v. Board of Education in
1954. It was a case about segregation in schools based on race. The author explained why
should students with disabilities be segregated against too. She then states how its
imperative in todays world to receive an education to be successful. She also says that
the instructional strategies used in inclusive classrooms, do not just help the disabled, but
they are beneficial to everyone. Everyone on a school districts board from the super
intendants to the teachers to the parents must be involved to make inclusion work. There
must be many services available to the students such as therapists and counselors to
ensure their success. A survey stated that about 55% percent of students with disabilities
miss out on opportunities because their parents do not know what is being offered for
them. This author wants to get parents more involved.
The ethos pops off the page for this author. She has her doctorate. She is an
assistant professor and Associate Director of Programs at the University of Connecticut.
Dr. Whitbread has over twenty years of experience in designing and managing programs
in education and human services. I like how she opened up the argument with the court
case because it is saying what is the difference between race equality and kids with
disabilities being equal with kids who do not. I think I should start my research paper
with something like that because it is very powerful and it gets people thinking. She
explains who all needs to be involved for inclusion to be successful. That can be helpful
because who needs to be involved is mostly all of my audience for this paper.