Functions of cerebellum

1-maintain balance and posture

2-tone
3-cordination of movement
I-embryology
The cerebellum developed from rhombencephalan exactly the
metencephalon
II-Anatomy of cerebellum

Parts of cerebellum :

1- Floccunodular lobe (archcerebellum)- found in fishs

a-balance

2- Anterior lobe (paleocerebellum)

A- Tone
3-posteri lobe (paleocerebellum)
a-cordination of movement

Fissures of cerebellum (from side view) :

Primary fissure : divides anterior + posterior
Horizontal fissure : divides posterior from flocculonodular
From back view of cerebellum you divide the cerebrum into three zones:
1-vermis:

a- Control axial musculature (muscle of neck + shoulders + hips +trunk

musculature musculatures)
Clinical: if there is lesion there it called axial ataxia

2-cerebelar hemisphere (najeeb mention this CLASSIFICATION)

a- Paravermal area (intermediate zone)

!-control distal limbs musculature

b- Lateral hemisphere

HOW MOVEMENT OCCURE

1-IDEA COME( I WANT A CUP OF TEA) PREFRONTAL LOBE
2-then go to premotor area and supplemental motor area THEN GO TO the
BASAL GANGLIA to get CONSOLT(cerebellum + basal ganglia) AND BRENG
THE program out then go back to through thalamus to (somatosensory +
motor , premotor + supplementary motor)then from there areas corticospinal
fibers fires
Ex
: To make a movement with your hand <you should first know your hand
position<cerebellum
: To touch your nose you should know where is your nose and where is your
finger <cerebellum
It called Sense of position
During the movement
Get information from Golgi tendon organ + muscle spindle to predict >>>
Section of cerebellum

1- Two layers of gray matter (cortex + deep nuclei)

2- Between a layer of white matter
Input to the cerebellum

1- Inferior olivary fibers (Climbing fibers) producing aspartate!

2- All other fibers (Mossy fibers) make glutamine
a- From cerebral cortex
#Layers of the cerebellar cortex (MPG) My Persona Garden
1-Molecullar cortex: contain dendrite Purkinji cell + Basket cells + stellate
cells
# Parallel fibers stimulate dendrite of Purkinji cells and inhibite near Purkinjiis
by
Stimulating near basket cells and stellate cells
2-Purkinji cell layer: contain cell body of Purkinji cell
Purkinji cell Get stimulated by
1-climbing fiber (aspartate)
2- Parallel fibers of granule cells (stimulated by mossy fiber)
Stimulated Purkinji cell function:

Release inhibitory neurotransmitter (GABA) into deep nuclei

3-Granular layer: axon of Purkinji cell + Granule cells + Golgi cells

#Granule cells get stimulated by Mossy fibers
#Granule cells get inhibited by stimulated Golgi cells (GABA)
#Golgi cells get stimulated by parallel fibers of granular cells and Mossy
fibers
2Release

%all the fibers that enter to the cerebellum the should say hallo to deep
nuclei (stimulate) and they move to the cortex to stimulate the dendrite
(climbing by aspartate) and he stimulated dendrite release inhibitory
neurotransmitter (GABA) into deep nuclei
Mossy fiber go up to stimulate the granule cells(multiple) (with glutamate)
The stimulated granule cells axon go up and bifurcate into parallel fibers and
get with contact with many Purkinji cell dendritic (release glutamate )#one
Purkinji get with may contart with many parallel
Cerebral connections
Parts of cerebellum with connections
1-Paleocerebellum (spinocerebellum) with spinal cord
a-Dorsal spinocerebellar tract(posterior spinocerebellar tract)
Afferent from Lower limbs and Trunk (Golgi tendon organ + muscle spindle)
synapse at Clarcke nucleus (posterior thoracic nucleus) which extend from T1
TO L2 #trunk-vermal,,,lower limb=paravermal) then the tract go to vermal
and paravermal areas of cortex
From the vermal and paravermal areas of the cortex it goes to specific nuclei
depends on
b-Cuneocerebellar tract
afferents from upper limbs and trunk
2-archicerebellum (also called vestibulocerebellum) with vestibular system
To the

#From vestibular complex some fibers enter the cerebellum and go back to
vestibular center
Fibers go up trough medial longitudinal tract for position of head and neck
Though lateral vestibulospinal tract to lower limbs facilitate extensor
musculature (antigravity)
Fibers that came called cere
3-neocerebellum (cerebrocelebellum) with cerebral cortex

Deep nucleus of cerebellum

1-fastigial nucleus s belong to the spinocerebellum
2-Globose and emboliform nuclei (interposed nucleus) belong to the
spinocerebellum
3- Dentate nucleus
a- receive input from Purkinji cells in the lateral cerebral himisphere

corticopontocerebelar pathway (pontocerebellar tracts)this is the tracts

whene you plan a movement
from premotor , motor , somatosensory and association corticies to pontine
nuclei

basal ganglia
stratum cells Medium Spiny Neurons (MSN).
Caudate eye movement :Caudate receives from association cortical
areas, and from frontal Areas that control eye movements.
When MSN cells of Caudate nucleus Goes to midbrain inhibit Sub.
Nig. Remove the inhibition of Sup. Colliculus EYE MOVEMENT

Putamen > body movement

When MSN cells of Putamen are stim. Inhibit Globus Pallidus (it will inhibit
the inhibitory)

remove the inhibition of Thalamus (through direct and the indirect

pathway) BODY MOVEMENT

input:premotor cortex,motor cortex,supplementary area

output:thalamus: ventral anterior, ventral lateral, and the
mediodorsal nuclei of the thalamus.
From the globus palidus internous + substantia nigra reticularis
Input to the thalamus
a. Globus pallidus
projects to the ventral anterior, ventral lateral, and centromedian nuclei.
b. Substantia nigra
projects from the pars reticularis to the ventral anterior, ventral lateral, and the
mediodorsal nuclei of the thalamus.
How to inhibit the thalamus:hyperpolarization