6th Grade Science End of Year Exam

HMS_6th Grade_Earth Science End of the Year Exam [44982]
Read the following and answer the questions

below:
Thunderstorms take place around the world, with lightning
striking the ground 100 times every second. About 100,000
thunderstorms occur in the United States every year. Florida
has the most days with thunderstorms in the United States,
while the West Coast and Alaska have the fewest.
Thunderstorms can happen any time of year, but they are
more common at certain times of year, due to weather
conditions. The graph below shows the average number of
days thunderstorms occur each month in Atlanta, Georgia
Storms are also more likely to occur at certain times of day,

as shown in the graph of data collected for thunderstorms
that occurred in Wisconsin, which is located by the Great
Lakes.
The average thunderstorm is about 15 miles wide and lasts

around half an hour. Rain and hail may fall during such a storm.
The conditions that cause thunderstorms may also lead to other
types of dangerous weather.
1.
The graphs show thunderstorm patterns

according to both time of year and time of
HMS_6th Grade_Earth Science End of the Year Exam
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day. Using both graphs, which statement

describes a major reason for both patterns?
A. Land changes temperature more rapidly
than water.
B. Air pressure is lower when there is more
sunlight.
C. Sea breezes are stronger during cool
weather.
D.
2.
Bodies of water cool the land near them.

Look at the graph showing Time of Thunderstorms in Wisconsin. Which best explains
the steep drop in number of thunderstorms after 8 p.m.?
A.
decreasing temperatures on land
B.
increasing temperature in water
C.
decreasing atmospheric moisture
D.
3.
4.
5.
increasing air pressure
When a scientist comes up with a hypothesis, he or she is most likely

A.
summarizing the data in an investigation.
B.
conducting the final steps of an experiment.
C.
changing the procedures during an experiment.
D.
predicting what will happen in an investigation.
A student notices dogs have more fleas in the summer than in the winter. Based on
these observations, which is the most logical question for the student to investigate?
A.
How does wind affect the amount of fleas on dogs?
B.
How does diet affect the amount of fleas on dogs?
C.
How does rain affect the amount of fleas on dogs?
D.
How does temperature affect the amount of fleas on dogs?
A farmer thinks a new kind of feed will help his hens lay more eggs. To find out, he put
his hens into two equal groups. Group 1 receives the old feed and Group 2 receives
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the new feed. What will the farmer need to compare in order to determine if his
hypothesis is supported by the data?
6.
A.
the size of the hens in each group
B.
the size of the eggs each group lays
C.
the total number of hens in each group
D.
the total number of eggs each group lays
Which step should be performed first in a scientific investigation?

A.
B.
C.
D.
7.
ask a question
conduct the experiment
choose the correct equipment
Which is a hypothesis that can be easily tested?

A.
8.
prepare a conclusion
The Moon causes high tides.
B.
During which season are the tides the highest?
C.
What is the phase of the Moon when tides are highest?
D.
When the Moon is full, the tides will be at their highest.
Two groups of students made toy cars. Group 1 used cardboard wheels. Group 2 used
cardboard wheels wrapped with rubber bands. They rolled their cars down a ramp to
see which car would travel the farthest.
After one trial, the Group 2 Car traveled farther than the Group 1 Car. Which activity
would most support their results?
A.
rolling the cars down the ramp three more times

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B.
measuring the time it takes for the cars to stop
C.
racing more cars with different wheels
D.
9.
Derek hypothesizes that a potted fern in a closed container will stay healthier than
the same type of plant on an open windowsill. At the conclusion of his investigation,
Derek finds that his results support his hypothesis. Which best explains why Derek
should repeat the investigation?
A.
to be able to start another investigation
B.
to prove the investigation is important
C.
to learn why the hypothesis is correct
D.
10.
11.
making the ramp higher
to make sure the results are valid
A student fed the fish in an aquarium at 8:00 a.m., 1:00 p.m., and 8:00 p.m every
day for two weeks. She observed that the fish ate more in the morning than at any
other time of day. In order to verify her results, how should other students perform
this experiment?
A.
exactly the same as the first student did
B.
conduct the experiment for three days
C.
change the type of food fed to the fish
D.
turn off the aquarium light before each feeding
A scientist claims that he made a discovery in the lab. What does the scientist need
to have in order to prove that the discovery is valid?
A.
diagrams showing the steps used in the discovery
B.
accurate records that show that the data are consistent
C.
documents showing that the scientist is well known

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D.
12.
proof that the equipment used in the discovery is of high quality
Two inventors from different labs are each trying to develop a better stain remover.
During their investigations, which of these is most important for the inventors to do?
A.
One inventor should copy the design of the other.
B.
One inventor should perform half of the procedure for the other.
C.
Each inventor should write down the procedure so it can be repeated.
13.
When performing a new experiment for the first time, a scientist reaches an
unexpected conclusion. What must the scientist do in order to have the conclusion
accepted by other scientists?
A.
write a brief report
B.
repeat the experiment
C.
purchase new equipment
D.
14.
15.
16
make a data chart
A student hypothesizes that the amount of water a plant receives will affect how long
it grows before reaching maturity. To test this hypothesis, the student will need
A.
several digital scales.
B.
a wet paper towel.
C.
several identical plant seeds.
D.
different sizes of containers.
John is investigating if ants will eat crackers. He puts ants and sand in a clear plastic
jar. John puts tiny pieces of crackers on top of the sand. He plans to observe the ants
at the same time each day for a week. To perform the investigation correctly, which
should John do each time he observes the ants in the jar?
A.
add more cracker pieces to the jar
B.
write down what the ants are doing
C.
guess how much the ants have eaten
D.
plan what he will do next in the investigation
Maria races a toy car on three different

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tracks.
She races the car once on each track.

She concludes that the car on Track 3 will
always finish in the shortest time. How can
Maria increase the chances that her
conclusion is correct?
A. Race the car on the tracks in a
different order.
B. Use a different stopwach to time the
races.
C. Race the car on each track a few
more times.
D Use tracks that are made out of
. different materials.
17.
A student conducted an investigation and found that the results supported the
hypothesis. To make sure the results are reliable, the student should
A.
18.
make a graph.
B.
write a report.
C.
use a different procedure.
D.
repeat the same procedure.
A class learns about weather. The students in the class measure the outside air
temperature at the same time each day. Which way of measuring the temperature
would provide the most accurate data?
A.
taking the measurement in the shade
B.
placing the thermometer on the ground
C.
taking a measurement using a different tool each day
D.
recording the measurements from three thermometers
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19.
Mr. Vasquezs class is investigating to see if the water temperature in a creek

changes during the day. Groups of students measure and record data throughout the
day. Which is the most accurate way to record the data?
A.
B.
C.
Temperature
Investigation
Time
Temperature
9:00 a.m.
15C
12:00 p.m.
warmer
3:00 p.m.
same
Temperature
Investigation
Time
Temperature
9:00 a.m.
15C
12:00 p.m.
15.5C
3:00 p.m.
15.5C
Temperature
Investigation
Time
Morning
D.
Temperature
cool
Lunchtime
same
Afternoon
cooler
Temperature
Investigation
Time
Morning
Lunchtime
Temperature
15.5C
15C
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Afternoon
20.
15.5C
A student uses cups to model the amount of water on Earth compared to the amount
of land.
Four cups are filled with different amounts of water. If the empty space in the cup
represents land, which cup best shows the amount of water covering Earth?
A. 1
B.
C.
D.
21.
The question mark in the diagram below represents which stage of the water cycle?
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22.
23.
A.
condensation
B.
precipitation
C.
ground water
D.
evaporation
Which of the following would increase if an area had high temperatures and low
humidity?
A.
precipitation rates
B.
condensation rates
C.
evaporation rates
D.
respiration rates
The diagram shows parts of the water cycle.
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Which point represents condensation?

A.
B.
C.
D.
24.
With reference to the cycle below, in which stage does condensation occur?
A.
B.
C.
D.
25.
The chart shows the distribution of freshwater on Earth.
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Most of the freshwater on Earth is
26.
A.
highly polluted.
B.
in the frozen state.
C.
used for agriculture.
D.
purified for drinking.
The diagram below shows parts of the water cycle.
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The process by which liquid water changes into water vapor is shown at which point?
A.
B.
C.
D.
27.
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Which point represents transpiration?

A.
B.
C.
D.
28.
The diagram below shows parts of the water cycle.
The process by which water vapor cools and changes into tiny liquid droplets
suspended in the air is shown at which point?
A.
B.
C.
D.
29.
The water cycle describes the movement of the water of Earth. About 96% of the
water of Earth is the salt water found in the oceans while the remaining 4% is fresh
water. Where would the majority of the freshwater on Earth be found?
A.
groundwater and aquifers
B.
swamps and wetlands

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C.
D.
30.
ice caps and glaciers

lakes and rivers
Which point represents evaporation?

A.
B.
C.
D.
31.
This graph shows the percentages and types of water on Earth.
Which source contains most of the fresh water on Earth?

A.
lakes
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32.
33.
B.
groundwater
C.
rivers and streams
D.
glaciers and ice caps
Which of the following contains most of the water on Earth?

A.
the oceans
B.
watersheds
C.
the atmosphere
D.
ice and aquifers
Which fact best explains why most evaporation happens in the oceans?
A.
34.
35.
Ocean water is salty.
B.
There are mountain ranges on the ocean floor.
C.
About 97 percent of Earths water is ocean water.
D.
Fewer clouds block sunlight over the ocean.
Which of these is a freshwater reservoir?

A.
Gulf of Mexico
B.
Pacific Ocean
C.
Atlantic tidal basin
D.
Antarctic polar ice
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Which point represents precipitation?

A.
B.
C.
D.
36.
When water vapor rises in the atmosphere it cools. This cooling causes ________
A.
37.
38.
ionization.
B.
condensation.
C.
evaporation.
D.
precipitation.
Which is Earths largest source of drinkable water?

A.
lakes
B.
rivers
C.
oceans
D.
aquifers
Approximately 71 % of the Earths surface is covered with water. The majority of this
is salt water and is found in the oceans. Where is the majority of the Earths fresh
water found?
A.
B.
lakes
C.
rivers
D.
39.
ice
the atmosphere
Which type of water reservoir could always provide freshwater?

A.
inland lakes
B.
river deltas
C.
mountain glaciers
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D.
40.
41.
tropical seas
As a dry summer day begins to heat up which of these is most likely to increase the
most?
A.
evaporation rates
B.
precipitation rates
C.
condensation rates
D.
respiration rates
Look at the water cycle below.
What part of the water cycle represents run-off?
42.
A.
B.
C.
D.
High-altitude cirrus clouds are primarily formed from which substance?

A.
carbon dioxide gas
B.
solid ice crystals
C.
nitrogen compounds
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D.
43.
When light reflects off certain crystals in the atmosphere, effects called halos appear.
Which substance in the atmosphere forms these crystals?
A.
B.
C.
D.
44.
ozone molecules
carbon dioxide
oxygen
sulfur dioxide
water
Look at the water cycle below.
What part of the water cycle represents condensation?
45.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Draw a diagram that models four stages of the water cycle as it happens over an
ocean. In your diagram:
Label the stages of the water cycle.
Label the energy that drives the water cycle, and the force that causes the
precipitation to fall back to the ocean.
46.
Which of the following sentences best explains what happens when puddles
evaporate?
A.
The water absorbs into the ground.

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47.
B.
The particles of matter move more slowly.
C.
The water changes from one form to another.
D.
The particles of matter move closer together.
The process by which water vapor in the atmosphere cools and becomes a liquid is
called
A.
48.
evaporation.
B.
perspiration.
C.
condensation.
D.
transportation.
The diagram shows the water cycle.
Which atmospheric condition directly causes condensation?

A.
49.
50.
cooling air with high humidity
B.
strong wind blowing from the land
C.
warm temperatures over the ocean
D.
high pressure with little moisture present
Why is the pH of ocean water higher than the pH of normal tap water?
A.
ocean water contains salts of weak acids.
B.
ocean water contains salts of weak bases.
C.
ocean water contains more oxygen than tap water.
D.
ocean water contains fewer minerals than tap water.
Which statement about ocean currents is accurate?

A.
Ocean currents influence life at the shore.
B.
Ocean currents keep the ocean temperature unstable.

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51.
C.
Ocean currents are a major cause of glacier formation.
D.
Ocean currents stir nutrients to help in the production of oxygen.
Oceans cover nearly 71% of Earths surface. The ocean that contains 45% of all
ocean water on Earth is located
A.
B.
C.
D.
52.
south of India
around the Arctic Circle
between Asia and the Americas
between the Americas and Africa/Europe
An iceberg breaks off of a glacier and floats into the ocean. In the ocean, the iceberg
begins to melt. Which temporary effect does this melting have on ocean water in the
immediate area of the iceberg?
A.
The melting ice lowers the freezing point of the ocean water.
B.
The melting ice reduces the salinity of the ocean water.
C.
The melting ice releases the carbon dioxide stored in ocean water.
D.
The melting ice increases the acidity of the ocean water.
5 Ocean water is usually not used for

3. drinking or watering crops. Which
property of ocean water makes it
less usable for drinking or watering
crops than the water from rivers and
streams?
A. Ocean water contains salt.
B. Ocean water contains sand.
C. Ocean water is far away from
many people.
D Ocean water has many
. organisms living in it.
54.
Ocean currents affect global climates. The Great Ocean Conveyor Belt is shown
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Which is most likely the mechanism that drives the current to continue to circulate?
55.
56.
57.
A.
surface winds
B.
density currents
C.
rotation of Earth
D.
gravity of the Moon
Ocean tides result mainly from

A.
surface winds.
B.
radiant heat from stars.
C.
Earths tilt on its axis.
D.
the Moons gravitational pull.
Which of the following best describes when a neap tide will occur on Earth?
A.
During a new moon when the moon, Earth, and the sun are aligned in a
straight line.
B.
During a quarter moon when the sun and moon form a right angle, with
respect to Earth
C.
During a quarter moon when Earth, the moon, and the sun are aligned in a
straight line.
Spring tides occur during which lunar phases?

A.
58.
first quarter and last quarter
B.
full moon and new moon
C.
when the moon is waxing
D.
when the moon is waning
The gravitational attraction of the Moon causes which effect on Earth?
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59.
60.
61.
A.
ocean tides
B.
time of day
C.
energy from the Sun
D.
phases of the Moon
When air is heated, it will most likely

A.
expand and fall.
B.
expand and rise.
C.
condense and fall.
D.
condense and rise.
The gravitational pull between the Moon and Earth affects conditions here on Earth
even though the Moon has about 1/80 the mass and about 1/4 the diameter of Earth.
If the Moon was about the same size and mass of Earth, which would most likely
occur?
A.
There would be smaller tides on Earth.
B.
There would be bigger tides on Earth.
C.
Objects would weigh more on Earth.
D.
Objects would weigh less on Earth.
The strength of tides is related to the position of the Sun, Earth, and the Moon. The
diagrams show the alignment of the Sun, Earth, and the Moon on different dates.
How did the tides for September 26 compare to the tides for October 3?
A.
The tides on September 26th were stronger than the tides on October 3rd.
B.
The tides on September 26th were weaker than the tides on October 3rd.
C.
September 26th and October 3rd produced spring tides.
D.
September 26th and October 3rd produced neap tides.

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62.
Which labeled point in the diagram shows where the lowest tide will occur on Earth?
A.
B.
C.
D 4
.
63.
A student set up the investigation shown below.
Which real life situation is the student modeling?

A.
B.
how the oceans heat the land

how Earths oceans become salty
Page 23/34
64.
C.
how lakes affect land around them
D.
how the Sun affects oceans and land
Land heats up faster during the day than water does. As the beach gets warm during
the day, it heats the air above it. The warm air rises and cool air from the ocean is
pulled in to replace it. So, air flows from the ocean to the land. At night, the land
cools faster than the ocean. What most likely happens to the air at the beach at
night?
A.
B.
65.
The air moves along the coast.
C.
The air flows from the ocean to the land.
D.
The air flows from the land to the ocean.
On a warm day, students took a field trip to a local lake. While walking around, the
students noticed that the air temperature felt very different in some locations near
the lake. Which location most likely felt the coolest to the students?
A.
B.
66.
The air is still.
the parking lot near the bus

the shore right next to the lake
C.
a trail from the parking lot to a grassy picnic area
D.
a grassy picnic area where tables and benches were set up
The picture below shows the local weather condition called a sea breeze.
What is the main reason a sea breeze begins?

A.
Water receives less solar energy than land does.
B.
More clouds form over the ocean than over land.
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67.
C.
Cool air rises over the ocean, then sinks over land.
D.
Sunlight heats land more quickly than it heats water.
Which of these has the greatest capacity for storing thermal energy from the Sun?
A.
air
B.
C.
D.
68.
land
oceans
plants
While flying a kite at the beach, a student observes that the wind blows constantly
inland from the sea for much of the day and then decreases as the Sun starts to set.
What is the cause for this steady wind blowing inland?
69.
A.
Waves push against the air above the water.
B.
Land and water absorb and lose heat differently.
C.
Clouds are thicker over the water than over the land.
D.
Buildings on land stop the wind from blowing toward the water.
Which is a factor that most likely would affect the climate in a particular area?
A.
amount of lightning
B.
distance from an ocean
C.
number of earthquakes
Page 25/34
D.
70.
shape of the shoreline
Seattle, Washington, and Bismarck, North Dakota, are at about the same latitude
(distance from the Equator). However, Seattle is a coastal city, while Bismarck is an
inland city. The table shows how the average temperatures in these cities are
different.
Which statement best explains these differences?
71.
72.
A.
Sea breezes cool water near the shore.
B.
Cities near the ocean have greater air pressure.
C.
Air collects more heat over water than over the land.
D.
The rate of temperature change is slower in water than on land.
Hurricanes form over water and lose wind speed when they move over land. What
does this pattern best illustrate?
A.
More solar radiation strikes oceans than land.
B.
Heat from inside Earth warms oceans more than land.
C.
Oceans transfer more energy to the atmosphere than land does.
D.
Oceans transfer both heat and chemical energy to the atmosphere.
Which statement about the relationship between the ocean and atmosphere is most
accurate?
A.
Ocean currents do not affect the atmosphere.
B.
The atmosphere stores more heat than the ocean.
C.
The ocean can hold heat more efficiently than the air.
Page 26/34
D.
73.
What information best helps a meteorologist predict the possibility of tornadoes

developing in a certain area?
A.
current wind conditions
B.
type of clouds in the sky
C.
percent humidity in the air
D.
74.
Ocean currents can move faster than air or wind currents.
amount of rainfall
The diagram below shows the air flow at the Equator. This air flow is the beginning of
major wind systems.
Why is the Equator the center of this system?

A.
because the Equator divides the Earth
B.
because the Equator is mainly over the ocean
C.
because the Equator receives frequent storms

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D.
75.
because the Equator receives the most direct sunlight
A model is shown.
The blue water from the jar rises to the top of the bowl. This model is most likely
showing which event?
76.
A.
the way heat is transferred from a gas grill to food
B.
the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in lungs
C.
the convection currents that form thunderstorms
D.
the direction in which a hurricane moves
How do the conditions for a tornado differ from the conditions for a hurricane?
A.
Tornadoes never form when there is rain, while hurricanes always form with
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rain.
77.
78.
79.
B.
Tornadoes form under low pressure, while hurricanes form under high
pressure.
C.
Tornadoes form in a stable atmosphere, while hurricanes form in an unstable

atmosphere.
D.
Tornadoes form over land, while hurricanes form over bodies of water.
Which is the main cause of global wind patterns?

A.
the Coriolis effect
B.
uneven heating of Earth
C.
direction of ocean currents
D.
development of rain clouds
Which two factors are most responsible for a flash flood?

A.
the distance from rivers and the time when it rains
B.
the temperature of the rain and the time since it last rained
C.
how much rain is falling and how long the rain lasts
D.
how far the water must flow and time of the year it is raining
Sometimes the conditions in a thunderstorm can lead to other dangerous weather.

Under these conditions, rapidly rising air can change direction, pick up speed, and
then start to spin. What kind of weather condition could this cause?
A.
80.
hail
B.
tornado
C.
typhoon
D.
hurricane
Storms transport water in the form of rain. The energy that starts this process comes
from the
A.
Sun.
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B.
C.
D.
81.
B.
C.
D.
83.
Earth.
clouds.
Which best describes climate?

A.
82.
oceans.
weather patterns over time

precipitation in an area
frequency of warm and cold fronts
current temperatures
Which statement best describes the relationship between climate and weather?
A.
Weather is the overall climate within a season.
B.
Weather is the overall climate over several years.
C.
Climate is the overall weather within a season.
D.
Climate is the overall weather over several years.
The water cycle is important for recycling the water on Earth. Which of these is the
source of most of the water vapor in Earths atmosphere?
A.
river flooding
B.
glacier melting
C.
D.
ocean evaporation
plant transpiration
Page 30/34
84.
City
Average Elevation (above sea level)
Denver, Colorado
1610 meters
St. Louis, Missouri
163 meters
Nashville, Tennessee
182 meters
Miami, Florida
4 meters
Based on the information in the table, which city most likely has the coldest climate?
A.
Denver
B.
St. Louis
C.
D.
85.
Nashville
Miami
Hurricanes are strong windstorms that take place around the world. The map below
shows the areas where hurricanes begin.
Page 31/34
Which statement best explains why hurricanes develop in the areas shown?
86.
87.
A.
Hurricanes require warm, moist air for development.
B.
Hurricanes develop mainly during summer months.
C.
Hurricanes develop in unstable areas.
D.
Hurricanes only develop near land.
Village A is located at the base of a mountain. Village B is located near the top of the
mountain. How would the climate differ between the two villages?
A.
Village A would have colder temperatures.
B.
Village A would receive more rainfall.
C.
Village B would have colder temperatures.
D.
Village B would have cloudier days.
Satellite technology helps scientists observe weather conditions over the entire
surface of Earth. The drawing below represents a satellite picture of North America.
Page 32/34
Which observation about storm origins do satellite pictures help scientists make?
88.
A.
Many storm systems develop over the ocean.
B.
Storms systems develop when two clouds collide with each other.
C.
Most storm systems develop when clouds approach the mountains.
D.
Storm systems develop when hot, dry air rises higher into the atmosphere.
What major and potentially catastrophic events can be predicted to occur in the
Northern Hemisphere between the months of June and November?
A.
89.
tsunamis
B.
hurricanes
C.
asteroid impacts
D.
volcanic eruptions
The arrows represent air rising from the ocean to the atmosphere.
Rising warm air leads to the formation of

A.
B.
high tides.
C.
hurricanes.
D.
90.
tsunamis.
density currents.
Which portion of a meteorologist's report on the evening news deals with climate?
A.
B.
C.
temperature changes throughout the day

current relative humidity
average high and low temperatures for that date
Page 33/34
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6th Grade Science End of Year Exam

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HMS_6th Grade_Earth Science End of the Year Exam [44982]

Read the following and answer the questions

Storms are also more likely to occur at certain times of day,

The average thunderstorm is about 15 miles wide and lasts

The graphs show thunderstorm patterns

day. Using both graphs, which statement

Bodies of water cool the land near them.

decreasing temperatures on land

increasing temperature in water

decreasing atmospheric moisture

increasing air pressure

When a scientist comes up with a hypothesis, he or she is most likely

summarizing the data in an investigation.

conducting the final steps of an experiment.

changing the procedures during an experiment.

predicting what will happen in an investigation.

How does wind affect the amount of fleas on dogs?

How does diet affect the amount of fleas on dogs?

How does rain affect the amount of fleas on dogs?

How does temperature affect the amount of fleas on dogs?

the size of the hens in each group

the size of the eggs each group lays

the total number of hens in each group

the total number of eggs each group lays

Which step should be performed first in a scientific investigation?

Which is a hypothesis that can be easily tested?

The Moon causes high tides.

During which season are the tides the highest?

What is the phase of the Moon when tides are highest?

When the Moon is full, the tides will be at their highest.

rolling the cars down the ramp three more times

measuring the time it takes for the cars to stop

racing more cars with different wheels

to be able to start another investigation

to prove the investigation is important

to learn why the hypothesis is correct

making the ramp higher

to make sure the results are valid

exactly the same as the first student did

conduct the experiment for three days

change the type of food fed to the fish

turn off the aquarium light before each feeding

diagrams showing the steps used in the discovery

accurate records that show that the data are consistent

documents showing that the scientist is well known

proof that the equipment used in the discovery is of high quality

One inventor should copy the design of the other.

Each inventor should write down the procedure so it can be repeated.

write a brief report

repeat the experiment

purchase new equipment

make a data chart

several digital scales.

a wet paper towel.

several identical plant seeds.

different sizes of containers.

add more cracker pieces to the jar

write down what the ants are doing

guess how much the ants have eaten

plan what he will do next in the investigation

Maria races a toy car on three different

She races the car once on each track.

use a different procedure.