Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg.
2004; xxx: xxx–xxx
doi:10.1016/j.ijom.2003.12.002
Abstracts from international literature
German
Opportunities and chances for tissue
chip microarrays in head and neck
surgery. A novel technique for the
rapid evaluation of potentially novel
biomarkers
C. Hofele, S. Joos, C. Flechtenmacher,
F.X. Bosch, P. Lichter, J. Mühling, K.
Freier
Mund Kiefer GesichtsChir 2002: 6:
394–401
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)
is a malignant tumor with poor prog-
nosis and long-term low survival rates,
even when modern adjuvant treatment
strategies are added to surgery. For the
clinical evaluation of tumor, it is neces-
sary to define the stage-dependent mole-
cular and cellular parameters. OSCC
develops following a multi-step path-
way, including loss of tumor suppressor
genes and amplification of oncogenes
resulting in changes in protein expres-
sion. Large number of tumor specimens
from different stages of the disease need
to be analyzed in order to establish a
reliable pattern of molecular and cellular
biomarkers. In this study, biopsies of
293 OSCC in different stages were
screened with the novel technique of tis-
sue chip microarrays by fluorescence in
situ hybridization (FISH) and immuno-
histochemistry (IHC). FISH-analysis was
performed on the oncogene cyclin D1
and IHC-analysis on the proteins cyclin
D1, p53, p16, CDK4, Bcl2, Mdm2 and
rb. Tissue chip microarrays revealed
reliable and reproducible results that
may allow the definition of a multistep
pathway model for tumor progression in
OSCC. The authors concluded that tis-
sue chip technology facilitates rapid
screening for molecular and cellular
alterations in different stages of OSCC.
GWEN SWENNEN
0901-5027/000001+04 $30.00/0
German cancer patients because of its high reso-
lution and reliability.
Relevance of colour-duplex echogra-
phy for detection and therapy of GWEN SWENNEN
recurrences in the follow-up of head
and neck cancers German
E. Di Martino, R. Hausmann, G.A. In vitro stimulation of the human
Krombach, B. Nowak, L. Tietze, B. osteoblast-like cell proliferation rate
Gagel, M. Zimny, M. Westhofen by platelet concentrate
Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2002: 81: 866–874
G. Weibrich, S.H. Gnoth, M. Otto,
The purpose of this study was to eval- T.E. Reichert, W. Wagner
uate the relevance of regular colour- Mund Kiefer GesichtsChir 2002: 6:
168–174
duplex echography examination in the
follow-up of head and neck carcino-
The potential of platelet-rich-plasma
mas. In a prospective non-randomized
(PRP) to increase bone regeneration is
study, 43 patients were surveyed over
currently under discussion. Basic scienti-
a mean observation period of 28
fic data on the biological effect of PRP
(8–44) months. Computer tomography
are still lacking. The aim of this study
and positron-emission-tomography
was to analyze the in vitro effect of
using 18 fluorodeoxyglucose (PET) were
PRP on the proliferation rate of human
performed in addition to clinical and
osteoblast-like cells (OLC). Human
colour-duplex echography examina-
OLC were stimulated with platelets in
tions. Recurrences were detected in 17/
different dilution (0–1.700,000 thrombo-
43 (39.5%) patients and the median sur-
cytes/ml). Three days later, a WST test
vival was 42 months. Colour-duplex
(Roche Diagnostics) was performed to
echography was the most reliable pro-
measure the cellular proliferation rate
cedure for the diagnosis of regional
and mitochondrial synthesis. The prolif-
recurrences with an accuracy of 94.2%,
eration rate of OLC increased concentra-
a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of
tion-dependent up to a certain plateau
78.6%. Computer tomography yielded
by adding thrombocytes. Further stimu-
identical results. In PET, sensitivity
lation led to a slight decrease in the pro-
was 82.4% and specifity was found to
liferation rate. Statistical analysis of
be 88.4%. Clinical examinations includ-
extinction measurements showed signifi-
ing pan-endoscopy revealed only a sen-
cant differences in cell proliferation
sitivity of 64.7%. In 7/17 recurrences, a
rates between almost all the thrombocyte
therapy with curative intention was per-
concentration groups (P < 0:0001). The
formed. In four cases, early diagnosis
results of this study showed that the pro-
by colour-duplex echography contribu-
liferation rate of human OLC can be sti-
ted to a successful therapy. The authors
mulated in vitro by concentration-
concluded that colour-duplex echogra-
dependent platelet concentrate. There-
phy examination is a minimal invasive
fore, the authors concluded that the
procedure that can significantly contri-
results support the currently discussed
bute to the successful treatment of
assumption that clinical use of PRP
recurrences in head and neck cancers.
increases bone regeneration.
Colour-duplex echography examination
is the imaging procedure of choice for
the routine follow-up of head and neck GWEN SWENNEN
# 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.
2 Abstracts from international literature
German
Assessing the influence of vascular
endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on
angiogenesis and osteogenesis
J. Kleinheinz, H.P. Wiesmann,
U.Stratmann, U. Joos
Mund Kiefer GesichtsChir 2002: 6:
175–182
The purpose of this study was to investi-
gate the influence of controlled release
of vascular endothelial growth factor
(VEGF) on angiogenesis and osteogen-
esis in a mandibular defect model. A
total of 56 rabbits were operated and
bicortical holes were placed in the mand-
ible. The defects were filled with col-
lagen type I implants, collagen implants
mixed with 0.8-mg VEGF or left without
any filling. After 3, 7, 14 and 28 days,
specimens were taken and histologic, his-
tomorphometric, and immunohistologic
analyses were carried out concerning
density of vessels, total surface of ves-
sels, bone surface and bone density. The
number of vessels was increased in all
groups up to 14 days, followed by phy-
siologic regression in the control groups,
whereas the study group showed persis-
tently high number. In the study group,
the density of regenerated bone was sig-
nificantly higher. The authors concluded
that the activation of angiogenesis using
VEGF lead to more intensive angiogen-
esis and bone regeneration.
GWEN SWENNEN
German
Detection of TP53-mutations in brush
biopsies from oral leukoplakias
C. Scheifele, H. Schlechte, G. Bethke,
PA. Reichart
Mund Kiefer GesichtsChir 2002: 6:
410–414
The aim of this study was to determine
the prevalence of mutations of the
tumour suppressor gene TP53 in oral
leukoplakias. Brush biopsy specimens
were collected from 43 oral leukopla-
kias, 26 oral squamous cell carcinomas
(OSCC) and normal oral mucosa of four
volunteers. DNA of the critical exons 5–
8 was analyzed by temperature gradient
gel electrophoresis (TGGE). The preva-
lence of mutations was 57.7% in OSCC,
39.5% in leukoplakias and 0% in con-
trols. The highest frequency of muta-
tions was found in exon 5 (46.2%) in
OSCC and in exon 6 (23.3%) in leuko-
plakia. More than one mutation was
detected in 26.9% of OSCC and 7% of
leukoplakia specimens. At least one
mutation was found in 37.5% of T1
OSCC and 100% of T4 OSCC speci-
mens and in 37.1% of the Ll leukoplakia
and 100% of L3 leukoplakia specimens.
The authors concluded that TP53 muta-
tions could be a useful prognostic indi-
cator in precancerous oral lesions.
Although the brush biopsy technique
appears simple, further clinical investi-
gations are necessary to specify the
implications of genetic analysis.
GWEN SWENNEN
German
Fluorescence staining of oral and lar-
yngeal cancers after application of 5-
aminolevulinic acid
A. Leunig, C.S. Betz, P. Heinrich, P.
Janda, R. Baumgartner
Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2002: 81: 807–814
Fluorescence guided examination may
serve as a possible diagnostic tool for
better demarcation and delineation of
head and neck cancers. The purpose of
this study was to detect selective Proto-
porphyrin IX (PPIX) accumulation in
malignant oral, oropharyngeal and laryn-
geal lesions following topical and sys-
temic application of 5-aminolevulinic
acid (5-ALA). A total of 193 patients
with suspected lesions in the oral cavity/
oropharynx (n ¼ 126) and larynx
(n ¼ 67) were investigated. The patients
received a varying dose (rinsing 200 mg,
inhalation 30 mg, 2.5–25 mg/kg BW by
mouth) of 5-ALA in aqueous solution.
Both fluorescence pictures and macro-
scopic findings under white light were
recorded using a target integrating, color
CCD camera. Fluorescence contrast
between tumor and normal tissues were
registered by an optical multi-channel
analyzer. The results showed that after
topical and systemic application of 5-
ALA, PPIX fluorescence could be iden-
tified within the mucosa of the oral cav-
ity, oropharynx and the larynx of all
patients for a duration of up to 48 h
after systemic application. Malignant
lesions usually showed higher intensity
of PPIX-fluorescence than surrounding
normal mucosa. A maximum fluores-
cence contrast between normal tissue
and neoplastic lesions was observed at
1.5 h after topical application and 3 h
after systemic application. The authors
concluded that further studies are neces-
sary to verify the optimal time of incu-
bation and dose of systemical 5-ALA
application to enhance fluorescence
staining and define the basis for fluores-
cence guided resection.
GWEN SWENNEN
Russian
Contemporary therapeutic methods
for treatment of oropharyngeal cancer
I.A. Gladilina, M.A. Shabanov, M.I.
Nechushkin
Practical oncology 2003: 4 (1): 45–50
In Russia, oropharyngeal cancers
account for 0.48% of the total malignan-
cies and are the fourth most common
neoplasia of the head and neck. In 1998
there were a total of 2135 new cases of
oropharyngeal cancers in Russia, of
which 211 were from Moscow. During
the last 10 years the mortality from oro-
pharyngeal cancers has increased 1.3
times. The disease is most common
between 51 and 60 years of age. The
male to female ratio is 9:1.
The most common locations for oro-
pharyngeal cancers are the tonsillar fossa
(58%), base of the tongue (28%), soft
palate (10%) and the posterior pharyngeal
wall (4%). The most common histological
type is squamous cell carcinoma. These
commonly originate in areas affected by
pre-cancerous lesions or conditions, such
as leukoplakia, erythroplakia, lichen pla-
nus, submucous fibrosis or intra-epithelial
carcinoma-in situ. Lymphoepithelial can-
cers and poorly differentiated cancers of
the oropharynx are separate groups of
diseases, which are exceedingly rare
(1.5%) and are commonly associated with
previous Epstein-Barr virus infections.
Cancers of the minor salivary glands (such
as adenoid-cystic carcinoma) are also rare
and tend to recur frequently and are highly
malignant. The authors presented their
experience with treatment of oropharyn-
geal cancers in 279 patients. 262 patients
(93.3%) had squamous cell carcinomas.
Poorly differentiated lymphoepitheliomas
were present in 13 (4.7%) patients. Four
patients (1.4%) had adenoid-cystic carci-
nomas. The cancers were poorly differ-
entiated in 122 patients (46.6%).
Moderate differentiation was present in
96 patients (36.6%) and well differen-
tiated in 44 patients (16.8%).

In authors’ experience, the most rele-
vant prognostic factors were the occur-
rence or lack of regional metastases,
nodal involvement, clinical stage, level
of differentiation, blood haemoglobin
concentration, patient’s age and Kar-
noffsky’s score.
Upon initial presentation, approxi-
mately 80% of the patients had advanced
diseases. There was no accepted uniform
treatment protocol for oropharyngeal
cancers. Radical surgical intervention is
not always possible due to the topo-
graphic location of the neoplasm and
the advanced stage of the disease. There-
fore, the main method of therapy remains
to be radiation as a single modality or in
combination with chemotherapy.
The radiotherapy methods include
hyper-fractionation, accelerated fractio-
nation and combined fractionation. The
most effective method was hyper-fractio-
nation, where the irradiation is performed
daily in 4–6 h intervals with reduced
doses. The daily and summary dose of
irradiation is usually 10–25% higher than
the standard and the duration of therapy
remains unchanged. The damage to the
surrounding tissues and organs is expected
to decrease and the effect on the tumor is
sub-lethal or lethal. Using this modality,
the 5-year survival and loco-regional con-
trol of disease is 40–83%.
Accelerated fractionation is effective
in decreasing the re-population of cancer
cells during radiotherapy. The most sui-
table candidates for this modality are
patients with aggressive diseases. This
modality however, is associated with
increased incidence of osteomyelitis
and radiodermatitis. The authors draw
the following conclusions regarding
radiation therapy: Hyper-fractionation
and accelerated fractionation increase
the therapeutic success of radiation ther-
apy on oropharyngeal cancers. Acceler-
ated fractionation regimens lead to
increased incidence and frequency of
acute radiation injuries. The risk of acute
radiation injuries can be decreased by
increasing the inter-radiation interval
above 6 h. Hyper-fractionation and
accelerated fractionation do not increase
the frequency and severity of late radia-
tion injuries by adhering to the therapeu-
tic parameters.
The low selectivity of the radiation to
cancerous tissues and the collateral
damage to the adjacent and distant tissues
promote the utilization of chemothera-
peutic agents in combination with radio-
therapy. This combined therapies aim to
have additive effect of both the che-
motherapeutic agents and radiation.
Abstracts from international literature
The most effective chemotherapeutic
agents for cancers of the oropharynx
are bleomycin, cisplatinum, carboplati-
num, metothrexate, adriamycin, vinblas-
tine and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Since the
anti-neoplastic effect of any individual
agent is between 27 and 40%, combined
agents are commonly preferred. The
authors reported the results of combined
regimen of cisplatinum (100 mg/m2) and
5-FU (1000 mg/m2/24–100 h infusion)
combined with radiotherapy. The 5-year
disease free survival was 30.8% when
compared with 21.2% by radiotherapy
as a sole modality.
The authors concluded that there are
new trends in the effective therapy of
oropharyngeal cancers. These include
improved schemes of radiotherapy frac-
tionation, modifications of the volume of
irradiation, new chemotherapeutic agents
and their combined utilization.
GEORGE ANASTASSOV
Russian
On the prevention of relapse of recur-
rent apthous stomatitis
T.S. Chemikosova
Kazan Medical Journal 2003: 4: 267–269
The efficacy of oxymethacillin for pre-
vention of relapses of apthous stomatitis
was investigated. Ultraphonophoresis
was applied to the affected intraoral
mucosal surfaces of erosive lesions
using 10% doxylane for 2–3 min with
an intensity of 0.4 Wt/cm2 (N6) and
additional placement of 10% doxylane
ointment over the apthous stomatitis.
Systemic oral antibiotic therapy was
continued for 1 month with 1.5 g oxy-
methacillin per day. There was no evi-
dence of relapse of the disease in 70%
of the treated patients for a follow-up
period of 6–12 months. In cases of
relapse, the symptoms were minor and
occurred in 30% of the studied patients.
GEORGE ANASTASSOV
Russian
Experience on treatment of rosacea
and peri-oral dermatitis
A.V. Vislobokov
Russian Journal of Dermatology and
Sexually Transmitted Diseases 2003: 1:
48–51
3
The authors reported their experience in
the treatment of patients affected by
rosacea and perioral dermatitis. A topi-
cal cream Rozamet containing 10 mg of
metronidazole (1%) was used for the
study. The results of application of
Rosamet cream in rosacea and perioral
dermatitis as a combined treatment and
compared with as monotherapy were
presented. This investigation showed
that 1% Rosamet cream is a highly
effective and is a convenient preparation
for rosacea and peri-oral dermatitis.
Therefore, the authors recommended
on its use in rosacea and peri-oral
dematitis.
GEORGE ANASTASSOV
Russian
Topical treatment for oral lichen
planus
S.L. Litvinov
Russian Journal of Dermatology and
Sexually Transmitted Diseases 2003: 3:
45–48
The authors presented their experience of
using topical agents ‘‘Stomatoephtyl-
line’’ and ‘‘Biopin’’ 5% ointments, ver-
sus vitamin A oil based solution in the
treatment of oral lichen planus (LP).
Eighty-three patients with LP were
examined. Oil based vitamin A solution
was found to activate the electrokinetic
activity of epitheliocytes and has good
organoleptic properties, which deter-
mined its beneficial therapeutic effects.
‘‘Stomatoephthylline’’ was found to have
inadequate organoleptic characteristics
although it had significant anti-inflamma-
tory effect. ‘‘Biopin’’ 5% ointment did
not provide any substantial therapeutic
effects. This preparation also induced
local irritation in 20% of patients.
GEORGE ANASTASSOV
Russian
Lymphomas in patients with Sjogren’s
syndrome
V.R. Gorodetsky, V.I. Vasilyev, N.A.
Probatova, et al.
Russian Medical Journal 2003: 1: 123–
127
Development of non-Hodgkin’s lym-
phoma (NHL) is a serious complication
4 Abstracts from international literature

of Sjogren’s syndrome (SS). A total of
11 patients (10 persons with primary
SS and 1 with secondary SS), which
had different immuno-histochemical
NHL variants, were described. Diffuse
large-cell B-lymphomas constituted
a small group of pathologies (seven
cases). A pronounced reactive histiocy-
tic and T-cell proliferation was
observed in only one case. As for the
other four cases, they were described
by having the following NHL varia-
tions: low-malignancy MALT-lym-
phoma of the salivary and lacrimal
glands (one case), plasmocytic lym-
phoma (one case), peripheral B-small-
cell lymphoma (one case) and an ana-
plastic large-cell lymphoma with null-
cell phenotype.
GEORGE ANASTASSOV