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saturated/turned on
or
Fully non-conducting statecut-off state
Transistor-Transistor Logic
In Transistor-Transistor logic or just TTL, logic gates are built only
around transistors
TTL was developed in 1965
Through the years basic TTL has been improved to meet performance
requirements. There are many versions or families of TTL. For
example
Standard TTL
High Speed TTL (twice as fast, twice as much power)
Low Power TTL (1/10 the speed, 1/10 the power of standard" TTL)
Schhottky TTL etc. (for high-frequency uses )
Here we will discuss only basic TTL. Typically, all TTL logic families
have three configurations for outputs
Totem pole output
Open collector output
Tristate output
Part Numbers
Part numbers for 7400 TTL series logic devices often use the following
naming convention
SN 74 ALS 245 A
manufacturer
SN = Texas Instruments
DM = Fairchild
temperature range
74 - commercial
54 military (extended)
logic subfamily
device
hundreds of different
devices in each family
LOW output
HIGH output
OFF
ON
OFF
IN
OUT
EN
Hi-Impedance Outputs
Tristate gate utilize the high-speed
operation of the totem-pole arrangement
when input enabled
Permit outputs to be connected together
What is a Hi-Z value?
Both transistor are turned off in the totempole arrangement
This means that, looking back into the
circuit, the output appears to be disconnectedAn equivalent circuit
(open circuit)
for the tristate output
in the high-Z state
CMOS Technology
MOS stands for Metal Oxide Semiconductor
Uses FETs
CMOS Logic
CMOS gates are built around the technology of the basic CMOS
inverter
Transistors come in complementary pairs
out
Symbol
In
Vdd
s
PMOS
d
d
NMOS
s
Out
Metal-gate CMOS
TTL-compatible CMOS
High speed CMOS
Advanced CMOS -TTL compatible
Higher integration
Consumes little power
The bad:
Static-electricity damage
Slower than TTL