INSHAALLAH

1. An enzyme is a substance which acts as a catalyst.

2. A substance found commonly in fermented foods which can be toxic when MAO inhibitors are
used is tyramine.
3. MAO is classified as an enzyme.
4. The anticonvulsant carbamazepine interferes with thyroid function test.
5. An excess of nitrogenous waste in the blood causes azotemia.
6. Vitamin C may give a false + glucose with Tees Tape.
7. The heat labile factor in the vitamin B complex is thiamine.
8. Vitamin K is necessary for formation of prothrombin.
9. The average life of a red blood cell is about 4 months.
10. The precursor of vitamin A are carotenes.
11. The feeding of vitamin B12 to pernicious anemia patients overcomes the lack of intrinsic factor.
12. Vitamin E is used occasionally as an antioxidant.
13. Death due to cyanide poisoning results from cyanide inhibiting cytochrome oxidase.
14. Phenobarbital stimulates hepatic microsomal enzymes.
15. Vitamin D has a structure similar to the steroids.
16. End product of anaerobic respiration is lactic acid.
17. Mitochondria is the power house of the cell.
18. The major hallucinogenic component of marijuana is tetrahydrocanabinol(THC).
19. Coenzyme A or aryl transferase is involved in glycine conjugation.
20. GABA functions as a neurotransmitter.
21. Inositol triphosphate can act as second messenger.
22. Myxedema is a malfunction of thyroid.
23. The effect of vasopressin on the kidney is that it is antidiuretic.
24. Absence of antidiuretic hormone in the body causes diabetes insipidus.
25. The enzymes involved in ethanol metabolism are primarily alcohol dehydrogenase.
26. The end product of purine metabolism is primarily uric acid.
27. Vitamins act as coenzyme for metabolic processes.
28. Uracil is not found in DNA molecule.
29. Ketone bodies accumulate due to long or acute starvation and hypoglycemia.
30. The rich source of vitamin A is fish liver oil.
31. Vitamin D3 acts as a hormone.
32. The Michaelis Menten equation will appear first order when the substance concentration is
much smaller than Km.
33. Concentration of a drug is helpful in calculating volume of distribution.
34. During constant rate of intravenous infusion at steady state condition, rate of elimination
equals constant rate of infusion.
35. Metabolism of a drug which is mainly metabolized in liver depends on intrinsic clearance and
blood flow.
36. Rate of elimination is decreased by increased renal reabsorption.
37. The relative bioavailability of a drug product can be determined by comparing AUCs and total
drug urinary excretion.
38. Drug products can also be evaluated by comparing curves of serum concentration vs time.
The most important parameters for comparison that can be obtained from such curves are
peak concentration, time of peak concentration and total AUC.

39. The area under the serum concentration time curve represents the amount of the drug
absorbed.
40. The excretion of a weakly acidic drug (eg, pKa of 3.5) will be more rapid in alkaline urine than
in acidic urine because the drug will exist primarily in the ionized form, which cannot be easily
reabsorbed.
41. If a fixed dose of a drug that is eliminated by first order kinetics is administered at regular
intervals, the time required to achieve a steady state plasma level depends only on the half life
of the drug.
42. The volume of distribution of a drug is a mathematical relationship between the total amount of
drug in the body and the concentration of drug in the blood.
43. If a drug appears in the feces after oral administration, parenteral administration of the drug
may determine the contribution of the biliary system to the amount of drug in the feces.
44. Low clearance drugs are affected by increase in plasma protein binding by slow process.
45. Rate of reaction for first order kinetic is dc/dt = -kc.
46. To maximize its bioavailability, pencillin G should be given on an empty stomach 1 hour before
meal.
47. Biological half life does not influence the rate of absorption from solutions to any significant
extent.
48. According to pharmacokinetics degradation of insulin occurs in the liver.
49. In 3 months old Jamey Scott, bilirubin is 99.9% bound to plasma proteins when the attending
total plasma bilrubin concentration is 9mol/L (0.5 mg/L). This means that 0.1% of total plasma
bilirubin is not protein bound.
50. Binding to plasma protein, o/w partition coefficient and pKa of the drug are important factors in
determining the concentration of drug which would be reached in the CSF treatment of
meningitis.
51. Physiochemical factors affecting the rate and extent of percutaneous drug absorption include
the partition coefficient of the drug molecule, the presence of surfactants in the formulation
and the type of ointment base.
52. If the total body clearance of a drug is 200 mL/min in a normal healthy adult and the renal
clearance is 10ml/min then one may assume that the drug is extensively metabolized.
53. A drug replaced from protein binding undergoes metabolism, shows pharmacological effect
and good renal clearance.
54. Drug excreted by tubular excretion is penicillin.
55. Concentration of a drug in breast milk exceeds that in plasma, if the drug is basic.
56. With respect to bioequivalance, the parameter Cmax is affected by both rate and extent of
absorption.
57. Most drugs are metabolized or eliminated from the body by first order kinetics. This implies
that the amount of drug metabolized or eliminated changes with time and is dependently only
on the concentration of drug in the blood.
58. The difference between peak and trough concentrations is greatest when a drug is given at
dosing intervals much longer than the half life.
59. Nitrites (organic cyanides) are hydrolyzed to acids when they are heated with aqueous base or
acids.
60. The reaction between phenol and aqueous solution of NaOH is considered acid base
reaction.
61. Hexaresorcinol of larger particle size is better than resorcinol.
62. In HPLC, stationary phase is non polar and mobile phase is polar.
63. Ammonium chloride is an example of acidifying agent.
64. 1 methyl cyclopentane is not an isomer of hexane.

65. F test, Chi square test and Latin square are statistical techniques for clinical trials.
66. In gravimetric analysis, the purpose of carrying out a chemical reaction to form an insoluble
derivative which is then filtered off, dried and weighed is to ensure that certain potential
impurities remain behind in solution.
67. In paper chromatography, the cellulose fibers have a strong affinity for the water in the solvent
system and have a weak affinity for the organic solvent in the solvent system.
68. If the mean, mode and median are same the population is uniformly distributed.
69. Pyconometer is an instrument which measure weight of the same volume of different liquids.
70. Two solids melting at room temperature are eutectics.
71. From the original dye N dealkylation metabolism occurs.
72. In a gravimetric analysis, pH is adjusted to avoid the precipitation of impurities and facilitate
maximum precipitation.
73. Amorphous means no specific size and shape.
74. Dimethyl formamide is used in the assay of non aqueous titration of sulfonamides.
75. Co precipitate occurs by adding rapidly precipitant.
76. Potency of penicillin is expressed in international of units per mg.
77. NH4 + OH- = NH3 + H2O, is an example of neutralization.
78. CH3CH2NH is more amphiprotic.
79. Order of dissociation in water is COO->COOH->OCH3>CH3.
80. Primary amine undergoes acetylation.
81. Absorption of water is increased by adding a solvent & the process is called partition
coefficient.
82. Much of formation of prodrugs is by bioactivation.
83. Free radicals are H2O2, O2 and OH.
84. 2 butene has geometric isomerism.
85. Two immiscible layers are separated by fractional distillation.
86. The molecular structure of clonidine contains a heterocyclic ring which is best described as
imidazoline.
87. Folic acid has tetrahydrofolate coenzyme activity which is based on the pteridine ring.
88. H2C = CH- is called a vinyl group.
89. Both isoxazole and oxazole rings are found as substituents in some bacteriostatic
sulfonamides. They are present in these structures specifically because of their electron
withdrawing effects.
90. Phenazopyridine is an azo dye.
91. A carbon atom that has four different groups attached to it is an asymmetric carbon atom.
92. Structurally, caffeine belongs to a class of nitrogen bases called purines.
93. Nicotine is a nitrogen containing base with two types of heterocyclic rings, a pyridine and
pyrrolidine.
94. The equation for a straight line is a = mx + b. M represents the slope of the line.
95. Structure activity relationship of antihistaminic must have terminal tertiary amine and
hydrocarbon must have one or more than one aryl or hetero aryl group or its equivalent.
96. Disintegration of dx/x is lnx.
97. lne-x is x.
98. Ninhydrin is used to identify amino acids.
99. Conformational isomer means rotation around a single bond.
100.
If pKa of phenobarbitone is 7.4, 90% of the drug will be ionized at pH 8.4.
101.
The reaction R CONH R = RCOOH + NH2R, is called deamination.
102.
The temperature above which all the concentrations of a solute are soluble in water is
called critical solution temperature.

103.
Azeotropic mixture of two volatile liquids in which the azeotrope has a higher vapor
pressure than the individual component, then azeotrope will distill faster.
99m
104.
Tc does not eliminate from the lungs in 30 days.
105.
In sulfonamide titration the role of dimethyl formamide is basic solvent.
106.
Cellulose retains water in paper chromatography.
107.
In TLC, organic phase is moving and silica gel is stationary.
108.
In statistics, when the mean, median and mode are the same, the distribution is called
normal.
109.
In statistics, if 95% is standard deviation, the error is 2.5.
110.
When atmospheric pressure is equal to the vapor pressure it is called boiling point.
111.
A line parallel with X axis will have zero slope.
112.
The error is always smaller than the standard deviation.
113.
In TLC, organic phase is moving and silica gel is stationary.
114.
For a radio isotope to be useful as an scanning agent, transmission must be gamma
rays.
115.
HPLC resolute means scanning of one analyte from others in substance mixture.
116.
In HPLC particle size affect resolute.
117.
Mechanism of resolution of organic solvent in TLC depends on capillary action.
118.
In paper chromatography cellulose fibers have increase affinity for water and decrease
affinity for organic solvents.
119.
Benzodiazepine can be metabolized by reduction.
120.
Aromatic amines and hydrazides are metabolized by acetylation.
121.
Capacity of a buffer to resist, change in pH upon addition of strong acid or base is due
to common ion effect.
122.
At excited state Boron is 1s2, 2s1, 2p1.
123.
Cyclohexane is not an isomer of hexane.
124.
2 butene gives cis trans isomerism.
125.
Superimposible is not true about optical isomers.
126.
Capillary action takes place in TLC.
127.
In assay of amphetamine in plasma it can be extracted by ether.
128.
In assay of epinephrine HCl, tablet is crushed, dissolved in HCl, filter to extract to form
base, methylene chloride is added and before extraction 0.1 NaOH is added.
129.
Dipole bond does not exist in ester ester linkage.
130.
Hydrolysis of fixed oil gives glycerol + free fatty acids.
131.
Electrophoresis is used to separate proteins amino acids.
132.
Pyridium is an azo dye.
133.
Soap is a form of sodium salt of fatty acid.
134.
Most of the local anesthetics are esters of p aminobenzoic acid.
135.
Determination of iodine value depends upon addition of iodine at the double bond of
fatty acids.
136.
Most of the local anesthetics are esters of p aminobenzoic acid.
137.
The rate of zero order reactions is independent of concentration.
138.
Enantiomorphs are two isomers that rotate plane polarized light equal amounts in the
opposite direction.
139.
Iodine is used in Lugols solution.
140.
Zinc undecylenate is used in Desenex.
141.
Zirconium salt is used in Ziradryl.
142.
Glyceryl guaiacolate is used in Robitussin.
143.
Boric acid is used in Collyrium.

144.
Grignard reagent usually contains Mg.
145.
In HIV, CD4 can be detected in blood of patients, macrophages and monocytes act as
reservoir for virus to protect it from body immune system and T cells are destroyed.
146.
Clostridium and enterobacter are example of anaerobic organisms.
147.
Limulus amebecyte is a pyrogen test.
148.
Difference between gram positive and gram negative bacteria is gram +ve. stains blue
and have teichoic acid in their cell wall while gram negative bacteria stains red.
149.
Mycoplasma are resistant to antibiotic penicillin because it has no cell wall.
150.
In UTI, organism is isolated after taking mid stream urine.
151.
Nosocomial infection can be prevented by using aseptic procedures.
152.
Organism of Nosocomial infection is Klebsiella pneumoniae.
153.
Cell membrane is a common damage to both human and bacterial cells with the use of
antibiotics.
INSHAALLAH
154.
Schistosoma mansoni causes liver cirrhosis.
155.
Ampicillin is acid resistant but penicillinase sensitive.
156.
Cloxacillin is both acid and penicillinase resistant.
157.
Staph. aureus has techoic acid in its cell wall.
158.
In streptococcal infections, penicillins should be continued for 10 days.
159.
Tinactin contains tolnafate.
160.
A drug used as a preventative when travelling to areas in which malaria is endemic is
chloroquine phosphate.
161.
The causative organism of syphillis is Treponema pallidum.
162.
Staph. aureus and Strept. Pneumoniae are gram positive cocci.
163.
Neisseria gonorrheae is gram negative organism.
164.
The drug of choice for vaginal trichomoniasis in a nonpregnant woman is
metronidazole.
165.
Lyme disease is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi.
166.
IgG is the most prevalent immune globulin in the body.
167.
The disease vericella is commonly known as chickenpox.
168.
Gas gangrene is commonly caused by clostridia.
169.
Pyoderma is a pus forming skin infection.
170.
Alpha hemolysis is characteristic of scarlet fever strains of streptococci.
171.
Chloroquine is given weekly intervals as a prophylactic for malaria.
172.
The Sabin vaccine is superior to Salk vaccine because it can be administered orally.
173.
Ferments lactose and sucrose with gas production does not apply to Salmonella. typhi.
174.
Kopliks spots are associated with measles.
175.
Undulant fever is caused by microorganisms of the genus brucella.
176.
Tinea is a yeast.
177.
In case of dental problem, cause is due to Streptococus viriden.
178.
In Canada the infection of eye in neonates is due to Chlamydia trachomatous and is
treated by silver nitrate eye wash.
179.
Meningitis is caused by Neisseria meningitidis.
180.
Toxic shock syndrome is due to Staph. aureus.
181.
Gram negative bacteria retains red color and have lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan in
their cell wall.
182.
In UTI, the organism mostly involved is E. coli.

183.

Diphtheria is caused by cornybacterium diphtheriae.

INSHAALLAH

184.
Causative organism for endocarditis is Strept. viriden.
185.
Precursor of platelet is megakaryoblast.
186.
Life of platelet is 7 10 days.
187.
Popliteal is present in knee (back space of the knee).
188.
Glucagon counteract the action of insulin.
189.
Retinopathy, neuropathy, and coronary artery disease are all complications of diabetes.
190.
Internal carotid artery supplies blood to the brain.
191.
Leukotrienes are chemical mediators and are derivative of arachidonic acid.
192.
Inositol triphosphate is the second messenger in cell membrane produced by
phospholipase C. The second messenger or system allows signals from cell surface receptors
to be converted and amplified into a cellular response.
193.
Heartburn is an esophageous symptom, occurs at night, result from the refluxof gastric
contents into the stomach. Heartburn is aggrevated by several factors, including, lying down or
bending over and high fat, chocolate, spicy products, wearing tight clothes, caffeine and
smoking.
194.
Tetrodotoxin is a highly neurotoxic substance, its ingestion results in malaise and
dizziness followed by ataxia, convulsions, respiratory paralysis and death.
195.
Nicotinic cholinergic receptors are regulating ion channels.
196.
Addisons disease is a syndrome resulting from insufficient production of hormones from
the cortex of the adrenal gland (glucocorticoids & mineralocorticoids).
197.
An aneurysm is bulging of the wall of an artery, a vein or the heart.
198.
The precursor of collagen is vitamin C.
199.
Lack of ACh causes Alzheimers disease.
200.
At rest the B. P. is lowest with supine position in arteries, venules and vena cava.
201.
The common bile duct drains bile into the second part of the duodenum
202.
When parietal cells are stimulated, they secrete HCl and intrinsic factor.
203.
The most important complication of venous thrombosis is pulmonary embolism with
resultant infarction.
204.
The ability of hemoglobin to carry oxygen decreases in CO poisoning, CO2 and iron
poisoning.
205.
Osmotic pressure of blood is 280 mOsm/L.
INSHAALLAH
206.
In cardiovascular physiology, LaPlaces law relates the tension achieved in a blood
vessel wall to the radius of vessel and the intraluminar pressure.
207.
Tetrodotoxin is a selective inhibitor of the sodium ion channel.
208.
Enkephalins are peptides that exert actions resembling those of opiates.
209.
The pathway of blood flow from the small intestine to the liver is mesenteric vein to
portal vein.
210.
Schizophrenia is characterized by long - standing paranoid delusion.
211.
Wernickes encephalopathy is caused by a thiamine deficiency.
212.
Possible causes of hypercalcemia include malignancy and Pagets disease.
213.
The most likely causes of ventricular arrhythmias are potassium depletion and
magnesium depletion.

214.
The outer layer of the eye is composed of the cornea.
215.
Patients with noninsulin dependent mellitus usually have tissue resistance and reduced
number of insulin receptors.
216.
A normal creatinine clearance for an adult male is 120 mL/minute.
217.
Tinea versicolor is a fungal infection of the stratum corneum.
218.
The layer of skin that has the greatest effect on percutaneous absorption of drugs is
stratum corneum.
219.
Possible cause of secondary hypertension include renal disease, oral decongestant
and fenfluramine.
220.
Graves disease may be characterized by hyperthyroidism.
221.
Gamma globulin is a protein fraction of the blood.
222.
Crohns disease is a disease of the colon.
223.
Progressive fibrosis and scarring of the liver are known as cirrhosis.
224.
Major constituents of bile are micelles.
225.
Hodgkins disease is usually centered in the lymphatic system.
226.
Rods are responsible for night vision.
227.
Addisons disease is caused by dysfunction of adrenal cortex.
228.
Fibrinogen is synthesized mainly in the liver.
229.
The effect of the antidiuretic hormone is to increase the rate of resorption of water by
the kidney.
230.
An endocrine gland that plays an important role in calcium metabolism is parathyroid.
231.
A major factor in control of sodium excretion by the kidney is aldosterone.
232.
Melanin and smooth muscle are not found in dermis.
233.
Edema is the excessive accumulation of the watery fluid in the tissues.
234.
Coronary artery receives blood from aorta.
235.
A substance that naturally occurs in the body is called endogenous.
236.
Colon has the most basic pH.
237.
Intrinsic factor is present in parietal cells of blood.
238.
Ascites means peritoneal retention of fluid.
239.
Schiatic nerve supplies muscles to the calf and back of thigh, skin of lower calf and the
upper surface of foot.
240.
Epistaxis is bleeding of nose.
241.
Glutathione protects cell integrity.
242.
Causes of tachycardia are increased temperature, stimulation of heart autonomous
nerves and toxic condition.
243.
In the post menopausal therapy, conjugated esterogen carry the risk of endometrial
cancer.
244.
Arrythmia with respiration and inspiration is called paroxysmal arrythmia.
245.
When left ventricle valve has been blocked, lungs get more blood.
246.
Hernia is a protrusion of the peritonium.
247.
Compared to interstitial fluid, plasma has higher concentration of protein.
248.
Onset of CHF (left) is manifested by accumulation of blood in lungs.
249.
CHF (right) is manifested by blood accumulation in vena cava.
250.
In a cell network runs throughout the cytoplasm responsible for enzymatic reaction is
endoplasmic reticulum.
251.
Parietal cell intrinsic factor is vitamin B12.
252.
In organ transplant, the rejection is due to infiltration of T cells.
253.
Normal blood flowing through the body contains prothrombin.
254.
Structure of intestine consists of jegenum, ileum and duodenum.

255.
256.
257.
258.
259.
260.
261.
262.

Liver receives maximum cardiac output (27%) at rest.

Adrenal gland does not secrete in GIT.
The brain receives most of the blood supply from internal carotid artery.
50% of the normal blood plasma protein is albumin.
Skeletal muscle is not included in dermis.
During inspiration low blood pressure is in vena cava.
Signs and symptoms of tardive dyskinesia are oral buccal signs.
Epilepsy is the result of GABA deficiency.
INSHAALLAH

263.
Thyroid is not a part of lymphatic system.
264.
Gravida is the number of times someone has become pregnant.
265.
Methyl alcohol causes toxicity to retina.
266.
Greater absorption in small intestine than in stomach is due to greater surface area.
267.
Urine, skin and sweat glands help in regulating the body temperature.
268.
Hemorrhage, ascites and jaundice are complications of cirrhosis.
269.
Nerves in the human body that transmit their impulses by releasing ACh are known as
cholinergic nerves.
270.
Insulin has a pharmacodynamic effect at cell surface due to interaction with receptors.
271.
A drug used to treat delirium tremens is chlordiazepoxide.
272.
Pyrivenum is an antehelmintic.
273.
Allopurinol must be used with care with mercaptopurine.
274.
Prostaglandins and Tamoxifen are used to terminate pregnancy.
275.
Antineoplastic drugs are given by i.m. and i.v. routes in chemotherapy.
276.
Piroxicam decreases prostaglandin synthesis.
277.
Addiction does not occur in case of antitussive doses of codeine.
278.
Cortisone is a modified antirheumatic drug.
279.
Giving a vasoconstrictor one hour before introducing anesthesia means; decrease
blood supply enhance long action of anesthesia, decrease side effects and give smoother and
good induction of anesthesia.
280.
Losartan, is an Angiotensin II receptor inhibitor, inhibits, both the vasoconstrictor and
aldosterone secreting effects. It is used in mold to mild hypertension and contraindicated in
pregnancy.
281.
Oxazepam is an intermediate acting benzodiazepine.
282.
Nalbuphine produces opioid withdrawal symptoms if given to morphine dependent
patients.
283.
Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine antagonist acts on GABA A receptor.
284.
Benzodiazepine acts on GABAA receptor.
285.
Sumatriptan is a serotonin agonist act by 5 HT cell membrane receptor type, having
side effects like dizziness, muscle weakness or neck membrane.
286.
Celebrex (Celecoxib) is a NSAID drug acts by inhibiting cyclooxygenase II.
287.
Extrapyramidal symptoms are side effects of neuroleptics
288.
Gastrointestinal disturbances are the side effects of indomethacin.
289.
Acetaminophen is given to the patient for antipyretic and analgesic action.
290.
Nifedipine, diltiazem, and verapamil are calcium channel blockers that cause peripheral
edema.
291.
Thiopental sodium crosses the BBB rapidly.
292.
Clonidine causes rebound hypertension.

293.
Toxicity of acetaminophen is hepatic cirrhosis.
294.
Magnesium hydroxide is a non systemic antacid with cathartic side effect
295.
Pancuronium is a competitive inhibitor of Ach.
296.
Contraindication of oral contraceptive is pregnancy.
297.
Long-term use of corticosteroid causes Cushings syndrome and osteoporosis.
298.
Cortisone does not cause hypoglycemia.
299.
Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor.
300.
In maniac depression, lithium carbonate is given.
301.
Side effects of thiazide diuretics are hypokalemia, hyperurecemia, hyperglycemia,
hyperlipidemia, hyponatremia and hypercalcemia.
302.
Furosemide is classified as loop diuretic.
303.
An oral antifungal agent is griseofulvin.
304.
Weak acid (acetic acid) can be given in base poisoning.
305.
Malignant hyperthermia can be caused by general anesthetics.
306.
Trimethoprim acts synergistically with sulfonamides.
307.
Morphine tolerant patient needs analgesia, pharmacist give him methadone.
308.
Side effects of local anesthetics due to amide cause convulsion, hyperthermia and CNS
effects.
309.
Feldene (Piroxicam) can be given once a day.
310.
Ascorbic acid causes a positive Coombs test.
311.
Action of inhalation anesthetic is based upon concentration in brain.
312.
Metabolism of local anesthetic takes place in liver.
313.
In bleach, gasoline and organic acids poisoning there should be no emesis.
314.
In absence of embolism, the drug used in the thrombolysis is streptokinase.
315.
Neuroleptics act by inhibiting dopamine receptor. Therefore not use in Parkinsonism.
316.
Acetazolamide causes hypochloremia.
317.
Chemical classification of nifidipine is dihydropyridine.
318.
Acetaminophen is least used in acute gout.
INSHAALLAH
319.
Salicylaism is also called as Reyes Syndrome.
320.
Viagra (Sildenafil citrate) is contraindicated in patients who are on any form of nitrate
drug therapy.
321.
Vincristine acts by inhibiting spindle formation in cell division.
322.
Omeprazole acts by inhibiting H+- K+ ATPase.
323.
Short acting benzodiazipine is triazolam.
324.
Atropine is the primary example of an important class of muscarinic antagonists which
are esters of tropic acid and which contain pyrrolidine and piperidine.
325.
In circular muscles of the iris, the pharmacological action of nicotine is not described as
nicotine.
326.
Erythromycin estolate, is a macrolide antibiotic, primarily effective against bacteria &
adequately absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
327.
The major metabolites of diazepam have therapeutically significant pharmacological
activity.
328.
Mechanism of drug interactions with acetylsalicylic acid include displacement of other
drugs bound to serum albumin.
329.
Phenylephrine does not increase the heart rate directly or by reflex when injected
intravenously into a young healthy adult.

330.
Acetazolamide, a diuretic acts by blocking the Na+ - H+ exchange system of the renal
tubule.
331.
Diarrhea is not a sign of atropine poisoning.
332.
Pernicious anemia is treated by parenteral administration of vitamin B12.
333.
Sulfinpyrazone is used as a uricosuric agent.
334.
The shock and airway edema of anaphylaxis are best treated with adrenaline.
335.
Flumazenil is a specific antagonist for diazepam.
336.
Cetrizine is histamine 1 antagonist.
337.
Sumatriptans efficacy in migraine therapy is attributed to selective 5 HT1 agonist.
338.
Anticholesterol drug for pregnant women is cholestyramine.
339.
Pepto-Bismol causes black stools.
340.
Best antidote for mercury poisoning is sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate and egg
albumin is given in emergency.
341.
Phentolamine (Regitine) is used to prevent local necrosis from norepinephrine
infusions.
342.
Thiazide diuretics may produce an increase in blood levels of uric acid and glucose.
343.
Fluorouracil (Adrucil) is classified as an antimetabolite.
344.
A drug that is effective in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndromes and in the
prevention of delirium tremens is chlordiazepoxide (Librium).
345.
Cromolyn sodium (Intal, Nasalcrom, Opticrom) is a drug that is a stabilizer of sensitized
mast cells.
346.
A pharmacist receives a prescription order for indomethacin (Indocin) capsules. He
should consult with the physician if the medication record indicates that the patient has a
peptic ulcer.
347.
Phenobarbital is a microsomal enzyme inducer.
348.
The thiazide diuretics decrease the excretion of uric acid.
349.
Carbon monoxide exerts its effects primarily by decreasing the oxygen carrying
capacity of the blood.
350.
The anti inflammatory effect of aspirin is due to inhibition of synthesis of
prostaglandins.
351.
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) is an agent that can best be described as an antiestrogenic.
352.
Pilocarpine is employed in the treatment of glaucoma. It is believed to act as a miotic.
353.
Stimulation of gastric secretion is not an effect of atropine on the human body.
354.
Dicloxacillin is the most useful in the treatment of an infection caused by beta
lactamase producing staphylococci.
355.
Methysergide is a serotonin antagonist.
356.
Carbamazipine (Tegretol) is the drug of choice for trigeminal neuralgia.
357.
After oral administration, the greatest amount of iron absorption occurs in the
duodenum.
358.
Iron is required by the body to maintain normal oxygen transport.
359.
The primary site of action of triamterene (Dyrenium) and spirolactone (Aldactone) is the
distal tubule.
360.
Acid rebound most likely to occur with the use of large doses of calcium carbonate.
361.
Ondanesetron (Zofran) is indicated for use as an antiemetic agent.
362.
Methadone is not an addicting drug.
363.
An example of pure narcotic antagonist is naloxone HCl (Narcan).
364.
A uricosuric drug is one that promotes excretion of uric acid in the urine.
365.
Aminophylline is used most frequently in asthma.
366.
Clofibrate is used to lower blood lipid levels.

367.

Rifampin is a first line drug to treat tuberculosis.

INSHAALLAH

368.
Antidiuretic effect, constriction of capillaries, coronary vasoconstriction and increased
motility of bowel are all characteristics of vasopressin.
369.
A specific narcotic antagonist is nalorphine.
370.
Ritodrine (Yutapar) is used to control preterm labor.
371.
A very common side effect of morphine is constipation.
372.
The greatest threat from morphine poisoning is respiratory depression.
373.
Parkinsonism is probably due to too little dopamine in the brain.
374.
Heparin is the fastest acting anticoagulant.
375.
Sulfones such as dapsone are employed commonly in the treatment of leprosy.
376.
Doxycycline (Vibramycin) has the longest duration of action.
377.
Penicillins are believed to exert their antibacterial effect by inhibition of bacterial cell
wall synthesis.
378.
Oxytocin is released from the posterior pituitary gland.
379.
During ovulation, peak plasma concentrations of the FSH and LH will reached.
380.
Stimulation of gastric secretion is a pharmacologic action of histamine.
381.
Gold (metal) has been found useful in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
382.
As an antiarrhytmic drug, procainamide is most similar in action to lidocaine.
383.
Acetylcysteine is an agent used clinically as a mucolytic.
384.
Epinephrine may be added to local injections of lidocaine HCl in order to prolong its
effect.
385.
Heparin therapy is best controlled with clotting times.
386.
Pilocarpine produces constriction of pupil of the eye.
387.
The mechanism explaining the clinical picture observed in carbon monoxide poisoning
is a chemical union of the carbon monoxide with the hemoglobin of the red blood cells.
388.
EDTA is an antidote for lead.
389.
Epinephrine HCl is used intravenously in a concentration 1:1000.
390.
Epinephrine is often included in the administration of local anesthetics because it
delays diffusion of the anesthetic from the site of injection.
391.
The toxicity of methanol is due to its conversion in the body to formic acid and
formaldehyde.
392.
Alcohol in the body is oxidized to CO2 and water.
393.
Polycarbophil can be used to treat both constipation and diarrhea.
394.
Methanol may cause blindness.
395.
The emetic action of morphine is due to stimulation of emetic chemoreceptor trigger
zone.
396.
Colchicine is used mainly to treat gout.
397.
Terbutaline has a preference for stimulation for Beta 2.
398.
Streptomycin can cause eighth cranial nerve damage.
399.
Hyperstat IV (diazoxide) is used mainly in treating emergency reduction of blood
pressure.
400.
Emulsions made with tween are usually o/w.
401.
A liquid whose viscosity is increased when stress is applied is classed as dilatant.
402.
Fatty tissues and protein tissues frequently store drugs.
403.
Large apparent volume of distribution is the first evidence that a drug is being stored in
tissues.

404.
Oxytocin is used to induce labor.
405.
Penicillin G undergoes marked hydrolysis in the GIT.
406.
Surface active agents tend to enhance absorption due to effects on biological
membrane, effects on dissolution rate of drugs and reduction of interfacial tension.
407.
Plasma protein binding slows the process of biotransformation.
408.
If a CNS drug is extensively ionized at the pH of blood it will penetrate the BBB slowly.
409.
The solubility of a chemical in a given solvent is influenced by many factors that are
dielectric constant, pH of solution, pKa of the chemical and solubility parameters.
410.
Edetate is a chelating agent.
411.
The process of grinding a substance to a very fine powder is termed as trituration.
412.
The type of flow in which the viscosity of a liquid increases with agitation is dilatant.
413.
Sodium chloride 0.9% injection is the most appropriate for an IV admixture of ampicilin
(500mg/50mL).
414.
Sodium lauryl is a wetting agent.
415.
The major mechanism of degradation of drugs in the GIT is hydrolysis.
416.
Oxidation is not a major pathway or type of biotransformation.
417.
The form of water most commonly used as a solvent during the manufacture of
parenterals is water for injection USP.
418.
A suspension is not a suitable dosage form for intravenous.
419.
Ascorbic acid possesses antioxidant properties.
INSHAALLAH
420.
Colostomy pouches are classified by an open Vs closed designs and size of stoma.
421.
Glycerin is the most hygroscopic liquid.
422.
The HLB system is most applicable for the classification of nonionic surfactant.
423.
An example of nonionic surfactant would be sorbitan monopalmitate.
424.
The HLB system is used to classify surfactants.
425.
Passive diffusion is usually slow.
426.
Glucagon may be used as a diagnostic agent in radiographic examination of the GIT.
427.
The most common disintegrator in compressed tablets is starch.
428.
Freons are fluorinated hydrocarbons.
429.
Methotrexate should never be used concurrently with aspirin.
430.
Tablet hardness range is normally 3.5 7 kg.
431.
An antidote for heparin overdosage is protamine sulfate.
432.
A substance that is often used to subcoat tablets is shellac.
433.
Cheese is contraindicated with MAO inhibitors.
434.
Riopan product is a chemical combination of aluminum and magnesium hydroxide.
435.
Poorly manufactured tablets may result in splitting off of the surface of the tablet. This
phenomenon is known as picking.
436.
Starch is not used primarily as a diluent in tablet formulations.
437.
An ingredient that is added to a tablet formula to improve flow properties into a die for
compression is known as glidant.
438.
Penicillamine is often classified as a chelating agent.
439.
Prostaglandin E2 is used in the form of vaginal suppositories.
440.
Splitting off of the face of a tablet is called capping.
441.
Constipation is a side effect of cimitidine.
442.
Simethicone relieves flatulence primarily because of defoaming action.
443.
The ideal antiseptic concentration of ethyl alcohol is 70 %.

444.
An excellent choice of diluent for a compressed vaginal tablet formulation would be
lactose.
445.
Colligative properties are useful in determining tonicity.
446.
Elevation of boiling point, osmotic pressure, lower of freezing point and lowering of
vapor pressure are all colligative properties of solution.
447.
An osmotic solution has the same osmotic pressure as blood.
448.
A second method for adjusting solution to isotonicity is based upon freezing point
depression.
INSHAALLAH
449.
The function of papain in a soft contact lens product is to remove proteinaceous
residues.
99m
450.
Tc is considered to be an almost ideal isotope for medical applications and is
commercially available as a radioisotope generator.
451.
The decay of radioactive atoms occurs as a first order reaction.
452.
Gamma radiations have the greatest penetrating power.
453.
Surfactants are characterized by the presence of water solubilizing and fat solubilizing
groups in the same molecule
454.
Another name for methadone is metaphenone.
455.
Aluminum acetate is used as astringent in hemorrhoids.
456.
Aggregation of the suspending agent is called micelles.
457.
Sodium bisulfite is an antioxidant.
458.
In a suspension settling of particles can be overcome by adding non-ionic SAA,
increasing viscosity by adding shear-thickening agent and reducing the particle size.
459.
Suspension is a two-phase system in which the internal or disperse phase is solid and
the external or continuous phase is liquid.
460.
Bentonite magma is a suspending agent.
461.
When less than the average pharmacist cares it is called negligence.
462.
A person is using long crutches, if the radial nerve is damaged wrist drop will be
effected.
463.
A number of studies have been done on patient counseling methods. Both verbal and
written directions have been suggested.
464.
Levigating agent should form a smooth paste, should be compatible with ingredients
and should be washed off easily.
465.
Triethanolamine stearate is an emulsifying agent.
466.
If we increase the binder in tablet manufacturing then hard granules will be formed and
tablet will not be easily disintegrated.
467.
Usually metabolites are having low o/w partition coefficient.
468.
Mottling is uneven distribution of color.
469.
Role of mineral oil in sulfur ointment is levigating agent.
470.
Most frequently used fillers in tablets are dextrose, lactose, sucrose and mannitol.
471.
Most frequently used binders are cellulose, starch, PVP, glucose.
472.
n gel preparation bentonite is not used to increase the viscosity.
473.
Aqueous antioxidant includes sodium bisulfite, ascorbic acid and EDTA.
INSHAALLAH
474.

Non-aqueous antioxidant includes vitamin E.

475.
Poly (dl acetic acid) does not undergo degradation.
476.
Acidic drugs in plasma bind with albumin and basic drugs bind with alpha acid
glycoprotein.
477.
Ampicillin dissolved in 5% dextrose can be kept for 4 hours before use, 4 hours in
dextrose and 8 hours in saline solution.
478.
Usually metabolites are having low o/w partition coefficient.
479.
Glycerin in pharmaceutical preparations is used as humectant.
480.
In the solution of diazepam, ethyl alcohol is used and propylene glycol is added to
prepare i.v., injection. In this solution propylene glycol acts as cosolvent and inhibitor of
fermentation.
481.
Intra arterial injection is given in artery.
482.
Solid to gas is called sublimation without changing into liquid state.
483.
Better bioavailiability of injection can be achieved by rubbing.
484.
Burrows solution is astringent.
485.
Burrows solution is aluminum acetate.
486.
Increase in viscosity by increasing in rate of shear is called dilatancy.
487.
Ice application decreases the absorption at injection site.
488.
Sterilization of certain hormone is done by radiation.
489.
Thixotrophy is the term used for liquids, which flow freely if recently stirred, but gel
when left undistributed.
490.
Particle size of aerosol suspension is usually 0.10 1 millmicron.
491.
The most efficient /powerful anti oxidant is - tocopherol.
492.
Benzyl alcohol 5% is used as solubilizer in oily preparation, local anesthetics, ointments
and ophthalmic solutions.
493.
p.c. means after meals.
494.
Pharmacoeconomics has been defined as the description and the analysis of the cost
of the drug therapy to healthcare systems and society.
495.
Pharmaceutical care has been defined as the responsible provision of drug therapy for
the purposes of achieving definite outcome.
496.
Income statement is used to determine the total value of prescription drug sales for a
pharmacy during the course of a year.
497.
A paste containing karaya gum powder is utilized in ostomy patients to protect skin from
stomal effluent.
498.
Efflorescence means loss of moisture.
499.
Compared to the sublingual tablet, nitroglycerin ointment provides a more prolonged
effect.
INSHAALLAH
500.
The dissolution rate of nitrofurantoin tablets would be decreased by increasing the force
of compression during tableting.
501.
Liquid paraffin is emollient laxative.
502.
1 T qid pc & hs means one tablet four times a day (after meals & at bed time).
503.
A person comes to the pharmacist complaining hard stool after every 2 or 3 days.
Pharmacist will advise him a stool softener (Docusate sodium).
504.
In parenteral preparation the major contamination is in equipment.
505.
Surface active agent for contact lense improves wettability.
506.
Suppository base, which has polymorphic properties, is theobroma oil (cocoa butter).
507.
Triethanolamine stearate is an emulsifying agent.

508.
Methyl paraben and propyl paraben are used together because both act synergistically.
509.
White ointment, cetosteryl alcohol, sodium lauryl sulfate, water and mineral oil are
examples of w/o emulsion.
510.
Sterilization of articles with ethylene oxide requires aeration with air.
511.
Dispersion of oil globules in aqueous vehicle is called emulsion.
512.
When zinc oxide suppository of 200 mg is prepared where correctional factor is 4, it
means 200 mg of zinc oxide will displace 50 mg of theobroma oil.
513.
Sterilization of articles with ethylene oxide requires sterility, pyrogen free and free of
particles.
514.
Factor responsible for transfer of drug across the placental barrier is molecular size of
the drug not the lipid solubility.
515.
The pore size of bacterial filter is 0.22nm.
516.
IM injection is preferred over IV injection to avoid capillary damage.
517.
Transdermal patch releases drug by diffusion.
518.
Insulin preparation can be kept at room temperature for 30 days.
519.
Viscosity can be increased by adding thixotropic gel.
520.
Acceptable turnover rate of prescription is 5%.
521.
Antioxidants, which mechanistically act as reducing agents include ascorbic acid and
sodium bisulfite.***
522.
Biceps are present in arm muscle.
523.
Oral metal chelator used in rheumatoid arthritis is auranofin.
524.
Dissolution is increased by the temperature.
525.
When alcohol and water acts together, alcohol acts as cosolvent.
526.
Mercaptopurine is metabolized by glucoronic acid oxidation.
527.
Complication of liver cirhhosis is ascites, GI bleeding and encephalopathy.
528.
Mechanism of action of sulfinpyrazone is inhibition of platelet granule synthesis and
prostaglandin synthesis which prevents platelet aggregation.
529.
Alpha serum fetoprotein is increased in pancreatitis.
530.
Congestive heart failure is not a complication of ischemic heart disease.
531.
P.O.S means point of sale in pharmacy.
532.
Difference between interstitial fluid and plasma is protein quantity.
533.
Congestive heart failure represents a hypervolemic state.
534.
If electron withdrawing group is in the vicinity of a weakly acidic drug then pKa will
decrease.
535.
Diaper rash in small babies can be treated by zinc oxide cream(zincofax).
536.
Pannus is superficial vascularization of cornea with infiltration of granular tissue.
537.
A drug accumulates in a dose of 200 mg with a half life of 2 hours given every 8 hours.
538.
Enols are tautomeric forms.
539.
In hepatic insufficiency bilirubin increases and albumin decreases.
540.
Mevalonyl coenzyme A is accumulated in patient with megaloblastic anemia in folic acid
deficiency and cyanocobalamine deficiency.
541.
Low molecular weight substance combines with high weight substance by heptane
protein conjugation process.
542.
Long use of antiepileptic drugs and folic acid deficiency cause megaloblastic anemia.
543.
Allupurinol increases the level of mercaptopurine by inhibiting its metabolism
(allupurinol inhibition of xanthine oxidase increases the serum concentration of
mercaptopurine).
544.
Pigmentation of skin does not affect absorption of drug through skin.
545.
Cocaine is used as a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor during ENT procedures.

546.
547.

Dopamine acts on 1, 1,2, D1 and D2 receptors.

Nephrotic syndrome, glomerulonephritis and UTI represent bacteriuria and pyouria.
INSHAALLAH

548.
If a female has not hemophilia and his husband is suffering from hemophilia then the
male child will not be hemophilic.
549.
Hernia is at the junction of gastroesophageal and in the strangulated hernia there is no
blodd supply.
550.
Heme group and oxidation is a similarity between hemoglobin and cytochrome
molecule.
551.
Permanent alveolar destruction occurs in emphysema.
552.
The excretion of a weak acid is increased by NaHCO3.
553.
Causes of hypercalcemia are hyperthyroidism, Pagets diseae, thiazide diuretics,
vitamin D intoxication and excessive calcium intake.
554.
Zafirlukast is a leukotriene antagonist and used for asthma.
555.
Hashimotos thyroiditis (autoimmune disease) is hypothyroidism.
556.
W/O emulsion have 1 9 HLB.
557.
Salicylaism is a side effect at the dose of inflammation.
558.
Calcium reabsorption in distil convulated tubule is due to parathyroid hormone.
559.
If a drug is 90% protein bound, an increase in the dose will effect in accumulation in the
body.
560.
Buffers are usually prepared by weak acid and salt of a weak acid or weak base and
salt of the weak base.
561.
Glutathione is a cell stabilizer enzyme.
562.
Loop diuretics act on the ascending loop of Henle, inhibiting the transport of NaCl out of
the tubules into the interstitial tissue.
563.
Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic.
564.
A patient comes to the pharmacy taking metformin 500 mg and ask pharmacist about
the dose reduction. Pharmacist will advise patient to keep taking this medication and refer
patient to physician before making any decision.
565.
Horizontal HEPA filters are used in laminar flow for the preparation of cancerous drugs.
566.
Amitryptilline and imipramine are also used in nocturnal child enuresis.
567.
Prolong treatment adverse effect like pulmonary fibrosis is because of Idoxuridine.
568.
Vitamin E is used as solvent in oily injection.
569.
Alprastidil (PGE2) is used for erectile dysfunction.
570.
Aldosterone secretion is controlled by ACTH.
571.
Peripheral edema is a result of right ventricular failure.
572.
Pannus is a particular indication of arthritis.
573.
Mechanism of action of simvastatin is inhibition of HMG CoA reductase inhibitor.
574.

Cholestyramine is a bile acid resin positively charged ammonium polymers.

574.
Cholestyramine acts by binding negatively charged bile acids in the small intestine
forming insoluble complexes that then excreted in feces.
575.
Bleomycin causes pulmonary fibrosis.
576.
Etidronate (Didronel) is a biphosphonate, used for malignancy associated with
hypercalcemia, Pagets disease and osteoporosis.
577.
Pharmacist will refer patient in blurred vision.

578.
Mutagensis is change in DNA, find rapidly in dividing cells and a change in genotype.
579.
Advantages of sustained release tablets are compliance to patients and decreased side
effects.
580.
Morphine is a drug of choice in myocardial infarction.
581.
Epinephrine and norepinephrine cause hyperglycemia by increased glycogenolysis,
increased glucagons secretion and decreased insulin secretion.
582.
Adrenal gland, parotid gland, bile duct and content of the stomach all fall in the
duodenum.
583.
Maxillary bone, ethmoid bone, frontal bone and occipital bone all are skull bone.
584.
Pelvis, ischium and pubis are all pelvic bone.
585.
Long use of hydrocortisone cause decrease resistance to disease, glucose intolerance
and hypokelemia.
586.
Acarbose (Precose) is an alpha glucosidiase inhibitor, inhibits post prandial rise of
blood glucose and decrease absorption of starch in the intestine.
587.
Retinoic acid (Vitamin A) is used in acne.
588.
Oral contraceptives cannot be given in liver dysfunction, seizure epilepsy, deep vein
thrombosis, breast cancer and pregnancy.
589.
The name of blind spot is optic disk.
590.
Pancreatic cells are , and cells.
591.
Nitroglycerin and isorbide cause venous pooling.
592.
Calamine lotion (8%) is used to treat poison ivy.
593.
A decrese in ADH means increase thirst and polyurea.
594.
Bradykinin, histamin, leukotriene, PGs and interleukin 1 are algesic.
595.
Antidiuretic hormone is secreted from posterior pituitary.
596.
Methionine is an essential amino acid.
597.
Epidermal cells when exposed to UV radiation convert a steroid related to cholesterol
into vitamin D3. This product is absorbed and after processing released from liver.
598.
Deficiency of vitamin D causes rickets and and its effects increase in presence of
vitamin C.
599.
Diazepam has active metabolite (half life 8 hours), its long use then stopping cause
seizures and it changes the normal sleep pattern.
600.
Preanesthetic medication means smooth induction of anesthesia, relieve anxiety and
prevention of post operative complications.
601.
Oral iron preparations are normally preferred.
602.
By pass is not a condition of heart inflammation.
603.
Extravasation means escape or discharge (blood) from a vessel into the tissue.
604.
In digoxin, the death is due to left ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.
605.
Sinusitis is caused by Hemoph. Influenza and Strept. Pneumonia.
606.
In chemotherapy of cancer, the routes of administration are I.M., I.V. and oral.
607.
Toxicity of paracetamol is due to active metabolite (N acetyl p benzoquinone).
608.
In paracetamol (acetaminophen) toxicity, after giving N acetylcysteine, the mortality is
safe and can be waited for 10 12 hours.
609.
Calamine contains combination of magnesium or zinc with ferric oxide.
610.
The best method to instill eye drops is to pour drops in lower sac.
611.
Creatinine in plasma is detected in renal functional test.
612.
Glomerulous clearance is detected by creatinine.
613.
Passage of ointment through skin depends on partition coefficient.

614.
A patient is having type I diabetes and severely dehydrated. He is brought to
emergency with a very high level of sugar. The treatment would be crystalline zinc insulin
suspension.
615.
Benzalkonium acts as preservative and bactericidal.
616.
Mode of action of heparin is potentiation the action of antithrombin III which activates
thrombin and other factors especially Xa involved in clotting factors.
617.
Mechanism of action of warfarin is competitively antagonism of vitamin K and it takes
48 72 hours.
618.
Vitamin K is an essential cofactor for synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX, X and
protein C and S.
619.
In gout patient pain is treated on the priority basis.
620.
Urinary tract infection is more common in pregnant women.
621.
Very soluble means less than one part.
622.
Polar solvents those made up of strong dipolar molecules have hydrogen bonding.
623.
If a drug has a high o/w partition coefficient or a high membrane /buffer partition
coefficient then it will be absorbed more rapidly across cell membranes and tissues barriers.
624.
The most commonly used solvents in HPLC are hexane, isooctane, acetonitrile,
methanol and water.
625.
Common preservatives are chlorobutanol, potassium sorbate sorbic acid, propyl gallate
and benzalkonium chloride.
626.
Leukotrienes are derivatives of arachidonic acid and classed are B4, C4 and D4.
627.
Emphysema means abnormal dilation of the air spaces lying beyond the terminal
bronchioles accompanied by destruction of their walls.
628.
Neoplastic cells can defend themselves in several ways including increased DNA
repair, changes in target enzymes, drug inactivation, decreased drug accumulation and
alternative metabolic pathway