Mouth is an organ of digestion

because it breaks down food

mechanically by the action of the
teeth and begins the digestion of
starch through the enzyme amylase
in the saliva. Uvula hanging in the
back of the mouth prevents the food
from entering the pharynx.

The main function of the esophagus

is a tube that connects our mouth to
the stomach. It is also known as the
gullet. The trachea is closely by the
movement upward which closes the
passage with the help of epiglottis
The esophagus seems to have only
one important function in the body
to carry food, liquids, and saliva
from the mouth to the stomach. The
stomach then acts as a container to
start digestion and pump food and
liquids into the intestines in a
controlled process. Food can then
be properly digested over time, and
nutrients can be absorbed by the
intestines.

Stomach: muscular j-shape sac li

organ in which food is temporaril
stored while further chemical and
mechanical digestion takes place
with lots of gastric glands in the
inner lining. The stomach's main
function is digestion by storing th
food we eat, breaking down the f
into a liquidly mixture called chy
Mixing enzymes which is are
chemicals that break down food.
Slowly empties that liquidly mixt
into the small intestine.

Small intestine: The small intestine

is responsible for absorbing most of
the nutrients found within your food.
By the time ingested food reaches
the small intestine, it has been
mechanically broken down into a
liquid. The small intestine is where
most chemical digestion takes place;
peptides (complex chains of protein
molecules) are broken down into
amino acids; lipids (fats) are broken
down into fatty acids and glycerol;
and carbohydrates are broken down
into simple sugars like glucose.

Duodenum: U shape, shortest and

widest, have circular folds that
increase surface area. Also has a
finger like projection called Villi.
The duodenum continues the
process of food breakdown. Its
name stems from the Latin
"duodenum digitorum", meaning
twelve fingers or inches. It is
roughly horse-shoe-shaped.

Jejunum: similar to duodenum, 2

long, contains more folds and
intestinal glands than duodenum
be break. Roughly 4-7 feet in len
the jejunum is where chemical
breakdown of the food chyme is
completed. Pancreatic enzymes,
along with enzymes produced by
jejunum wall, finalize the food
digestion process. The term jejun
stems from the Latin jejunus,
meaning empty. Note: in some
gastric bypass operations, part of
jejunum is also "bypassed" to red
calorie intake.

Ileum: 3 m long, contains smaller

and fewer villi and they absorb the
remaining nutrients. Roughly 7-5
feet in length, the ileum is the final
section of the small intestine, linked
to the large intestine by the ileocecal
valve. The main function of the
ileum is to absorb nutrients. Bile is
also absorbed here and returns to the
liver through blood vessels in the
intestinal walls.

Bile is a greenish-yellow fluid

secreted by the liver that helps digest
fat. It breaks the fat into fatty acids
that can be utilized by the body
and .It also acts as antioxidant, It
removes bacteria and other toxins
from liver which are transported
outside the body along with the
waste.
The main function of pharynx is to act
as a common passage for both food
and air. Thus the pharynx should
channel food without choking.
Pharynx plays a major role in the first
phase of swallowing. As the food
bolus is pushed by the tongue into the
pharynx, it pushes the food down by
muscular contraction down the
esophagus

The large intestine is the thick,

lower end of the digestive system,
containing the appendix, colon and
rectum. Its principle function is to
reabsorb water and maintains the
fluid balance of the body. Certain
vitamins are also taken in through
the large intestinal wall.

The main function of the rectum

act as a temporary storage site fo
fecal matter before it is eliminate
from the body through the anal
canal. As the food you eat passes
through the digestive system, it is
broken down and nutrients are
absorbed in the stomach, small an
large intestines. Fecal matter, wh
includes digestive juices, bacteria
and fiber, continues to move into
lower portion of the large intestin
the rectum. The rectum holds the
feces until you push it out of the
body, through the anal canal, by
having a bowel movement.

Pancreas secretes about 1 L of

Liver is the largest internal organ. In pancreatic fluid into duodenum
adult, it has a size of football with
which contains numerous enzyme
mass of 1.5 kg.The main functions
that chemically digest carbohydra
of the liver is to process nutrients
lipids and proteins.
from food, make bile, remove
toxins from the body and build
proteins.

The function of larynx is between the glottis

and the trachea air passes through. The
larynx, or voice box, connects the pharynx to
the trachea and consists of cartilage,
ligaments, connective tissue, muscles, and the
vocal cords. The cartilage provides a rigid
structural framework for the larynx and
trachea below, making sure that the airways is
open at all time. Larynx is where sound is
well produced. To make sound, the vocal
cords move closer together so that the
pressure from air expelled from the lungs
causes cords to vibrate.

The function of trachea (or windpipe)

is just a hollow tube that is anterior to
your esophagus that allows air to pass
from your mouth to your lungs. It
functions by staying open and
unobstructed with help from the
epiglottis which is normally upright
to allow air freely into the trachea
and the "C" shaped cartilage that
lines the trachea.

One of the primary function of

bronchi (singular bronchus) is to
allow air to pass through it. As
the trachea splits into two parts,
the inhaled air then enters the
bronchi. The bronchus enters
each lung.

The function of bronchioles are

smaller airways that send the air on to
the inside walls of the lungs where
the alveoli allow the oxygen to be
absorbed by the blood cells and
oxygenate the blood for transfer
throughout the body. Inside the lungs,
bronchus subdivides many times to
form a network of microscopic
tubules called bronchiole.

Alveoli (singular alveolus) grape

like cluster of tiny sacs.
Surrounding each alveolus is a
network of the capillaries. The
walls of the alveoli and the walls
of capillaries are only one cell
thick. It is across these very thin
membranes that the respiratory
and circulatory system interact, as
the oxygen from the air diffuses
into the blood and carbon dioxide
from the blood diffuses into the
lungs. Therefore the gas exchange
occur.

The function of the veins is to

carry deoxygenated blood from
the tissues back to heart.

The lungs are divided into regions called

lobes. The right lung has tree lobes and
the left lung has two, leaving space for
in the thoracic cavity. Each lung
surrounded by thin, flexible, doubled
layered sac called pleural membrane.
The outer layer of this membrane is
attached to the inside of chest wall and
in the inner layer covers the lung. The
thin space between these two layers
contains lubricating fluid that allows the
layers to slide easily against each other
during the movement of breathing. The
function stores the body's oxygen supply
and they are the pumps that push air
around and out of the body.
The gallbladder is a small storage organ
located inferior and posterior to the
liver. Though small in size, the
gallbladder plays an important role in
our digestion of food. The gallbladder
holds bile produced in the liver until it is
needed for digesting fatty foods in the
duodenum of the small intestine.

Capillaries are the site where oxygen

and other nutrients in the blood are
actually delivered to the tissues of the
body. Capillaries are so small that these
substances actually pass right through
them via a process known as diffusion.

Aorta is an artery that carries blood

directly from the heart to other
arteries. The left atrium pumps blood
into the left ventricle where all the
blood going tissues leaves trough the
largest vessel in the body.

The left atrium is one of the four

chambers in the human heart. It
receives oxygenated blood from
the pulmonary veins, and pumps
it into the left ventricle, via the
atrioventricular valve

The right atrium) is one of four

chambers (two atria and two ventricles)
in the human heart. It receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and
inferior vena cavae and the coronary
sinus, and pumps it into the right
ventricle through the tricuspid.

The function of the pulmonary trunk

is to transport blood to the lungs. The
pulmonary trunk is sometimes
referred to as the pulmonary artery or
main pulmonary artery. It begins at
the bottom right ventricle of the heart

Pulmonary vein blood vessels

that carries blood from the lungs
to the heart. It brings an oxygen
rich blood flows from the lungs
back to the heart through the left
atrium.

Pulmonary artery is a large vessels that carries blood from the heart to the lungs.
The oxygen poor blood flows from the right atrium into the right ventricle then
out to pulmonary trunk.

The function of Superior vena cava

The right ventricle pumps the oxygenis collects oxygen-poor blood
poor blood to the lungs through the
The nasal cavity is divided into a right and left
coming from the tissues in the head, pulmonary arteries.
Nasal passageway at the back
passageway. The tissue that covers the wall of your nasal
chest and arms.
of the nose, air is warmed,
cavity contains many blood vessels. Heat from the blood
It is the chamber that pumps blood to
moistened and cleanse of dust in the vessels helps warm the air as you breathe.
The function of Inferior vena cava is the rest of the body. It receives
and other small particles.
Moisture is added to the air you breathe by special cells
to collects oxygen-poor blood
oxygenated blood from the left atrium
in the walls of the nasal cavity. The air is warmed and
coming from the tissues elsewhere in via the mitral valve, and pumps it into
moistened before it reaches your lungs.
the body.
the aorta via the aortic valve.
Blood vessels is a system hallows tubes through which
The function of caecum is one end to the large intestine with the appendix(help
Glottis is an opening that can
the blood moves There are different blood vessels with
fighting infection)
be closed by epiglottis which
different functions: 1) Arteries- Carry blood away from
is normally upright allow air
the heart. All arteries carry oxygenated blood except for
The function of colon is the water and minerals absorbed and the intestinal
pass freely into trachea.
the pulmonary artery .2) Veins- Carry blood back to the
bacteria help in further breakdowns and absorption of the minerals left over is
blood. All veins carry deoxygenated blood except for the
called feces.
pulmonary vein.3) Blood Capillaries- Carry blood from
an arteriole (small artery) to a venule(small vein).
Anal canal has 1.5 m long and has a larger diameter than smaller intestine. The
- In capillaries, the blood is slowed down, giving more
end of intestine contains sphincters that control the time of excretion.
time for the exchange of substances. They branch
repeatedly and provide a large surface area for the
exchange of substances between the blood and arteries.