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5.4 Accessibility
5.4.1
General
The accessibility is defined as the ability to set up a call. This ranges from the arrival of
the random access burst to the event TCH assignment.
5.4.2
Availability
The channel availability is very difficult to measure despite counters such as TAVAACC,
number of available TCHs. This is due to the fact that TNUCHCNT, number of defined
TCHs, depends on whether the number is system defined or operator defined.
System defined means that the number of TCHs is based on the number of allocated
frequencies instead of the number of installed TRXs.
Operator defined means that the number of defined TCH channels is calculated as the
required number of Basic Physical Channels (BPCs) defined by command (parameter
NUMREQBPC) for the cell/channel group minus the number of BPCs used for BCCH and
SDCCH in the cell/channel group. This is especially useful when synthesizer hopping is
used (more frequencies than hardware). The equation below can be used to calculate the
number of available TCHs of total number of defined TCHs but the result will not be
correct if the feature Adaptive configuration of logical channels is used. If Adaptive
configuration of logical channels is activated the number of TCHs might change in the
cell depending on the SDCCH traffic level.
If the number of TCHs are operator defined or if synthesizer hopping is not active the
following formula can be used:
Figure 5
Other useful indicators for availability are the counters for cell downtime statistics in the
object type DOWNTIME.
TDWNACC
TDWNSCAN
The counter is stepped every tenth second when the cell state is
ACTIVE.
BDWNACC
Figure 6
5.4.3
Paging
The object type CELLPAG consists of two counters related to paging on cell level. The
location area dimensioning guideline, see Reference [5], and the idle mode behavior user
description Reference [27] contains a full description of how to use the counters in object
type CELLPAG to determine if there is a congestion problem on the PCH (from the ratio
of pages discarded in the BTS to pages received in the BTS) and how to calculate the
load on the CCCH. The counters are only for the PCH queue in the BTS. Pages on PPCH
are not queued in the BTS:
PAGPCHCONG
PAGETOOOLD
The object type BSC consists of two counters related to paging on BSC level:
TOTPAG
TOTCONGPAG
Figure 7
Statistics from the MSC are outside the scope of this document. However, the Ericsson
MSC provides some further counters related to paging. The object type LOCAREAST can
for instance be used to calculate the paging success rate for a Location Area (LA):
Figure 8 Successful First and Repeated Page Attempts of Total Number of First Page
Attempts
Related to the paging success rate is the Location Update (LU) performance. The
following ratio can be calculated:
Figure 9
NLAPAG2LOTOT
NLALOCSUCC
5.4.4
Random Access
The object types RANDOMACC, RNDACCEXT and CELLGPRS contain the counters for
Random Access (RA) reasons and performance. The number of successful and failed
random accesses are registered and information about the distribution of the reasons for
random access is also available. A failed random access burst does not necessarily lead
to a call setup failure, as the MS sends many RA bursts each time it tries to connect to
the network. A high number of RA failures might be caused by bad BSIC planning or
interference.
RAACCFA
CNROCNT
PDRAC
The following formula can be used to calculate the random access failure rate:
Figure 10
There are also some load related rejects covered by object type LOADREG.
5.4.5
Call Attempts
The call attempts go from the successful random access to TCH via an SDCCH. Some of
the counters connected with this process are as follows. They are situated in the object
types CLSDCCH, CLSDCCHO, CLTCH and CELTCHF/H.
CCALLS
CMSESTAB
CCONGS
CESTCHACTIV
CESTIMMASS
TFCASSALL
TASSATT
TASSALL
TCASSALL
The counter CCALLS can be stepped several times during a call setup, due to for
instance congestion or several received Random Accesses (RAs) from a mobile. This
could result in very high values for these counters in problem cells and should be
considered with care in those cases. The formula below has compensated for the
attempts at congestion.
The number of SDCCH establishments in relation to the number of seizure attempts
(when no SDCCH congestion) can be calculated as follows:
Figure 11
The expression measures the success rate for establishing an SDCCH channel for valid
random accesses that have been received. The reasons for SDCCH establishment failures
can be analyzed by looking at the counters CCONGS, CCONGSUB, CESTCHACTIV and
CESTIMMASS.
The following expression measures the performance of assignments (change from
SDCCH to TCH). By compensating for handover during assignment the formula shows
the TCH assignment success rate for calls started in the cell:
Figure 12
Where
Inc
Outg
AW
AB
5.4.6
Drops on SDCCH
CNRELCONG
CDISTA
CDISSS
CDISQA
The different drop reasons are ranked in the order excessive TA, low signal strength, bad
quality or sudden loss of connection. This means that if connection suffers from
excessive TA and low signal strength and drops, the drop reason will be registered as
excessive TA. The urgency condition bad quality is triggered by a high bit error rate on
up- or downlink.
The formula for drop on SDCCH, drop due to TCH congestion excluded, is:
Figure 13
5.4.7
Congestion
A low congestion rate is very important for the general performance improvement. A lot
of revenue gain is to be made if the congestion is kept as low as possible. The object
types concerned are CLSDCCH, CLSDCCHO, CELTCHF, CELTCHH.
CCONGS
CTCONGS
CSCSTCONG
CSCSOPTCONG
CNRELCONG
TFNRELCONG
TFCONGSAS
TFCONGSHO
TFTCONGS
Soft congestion time counter for underlaid subcell. The counter starts
to increment when a channel is requested but no idle channels are
available. The corresponding half-rate counter for overlaid subcells is
named THTCONSUB. In the case of GPRS no consideration is made
as to whether on-demand PDCHs exist in the cell or not i.e. both ondemand and fixed PDCHs are regarded as busy.
TFTHARDCONGS Hard congestion time counter for underlaid subcell. The counter
starts to increment only when it has not been possible to allocate a
channel with the help of any type of preemption. The corresponding
counter for overlaid subcells is named TFTHARDCONSUB. The
Figure 14
The time congestion for SDCCH in percentage of the measured period in underlaid
subcell can be written as follows:
Figure 15
When looking at congestion for signalling connection setup, the following must be kept in
mind:
When trying to set-up a signalling connection the mobile will retry several times
to setup up a connection in case of congestion. Looking at a success rate on an
attempt basis will thus not show a subscriber perceived congestion.
If allowing Immediate Assignment on TCH, signalling connection setup for
procedures that require a TCH might be successful even in case of complete
SDCCH congestion in the cell.
To see the SDCCH congestion on cell level it is not possible just to add the
SDCCH time congestion in the OL and UL subcells, as there might be available
channels in one if the subcells even if the other is congested. How to determine
the congestion on cell level depends on the channel allocation profile, normally
the UL subcell is the last to be congested.
The counter CSCSTCONG and CSCSOPTCONG give a picture of the signalling congestion
setup congestion on cell level separately for procedures requiring a TCH and other
procedures, e.g. SMS and location area update, that can be completed on an SDCCH. On
cell level it is not possible to get a consistent definition of time congestion that is
connected to availability of resources (for example MSs outside the OL coverage area
may suffer congestion even if there are free channels in the OL subcell), instead these
counters consider successful and unsuccessful signalling connection setups. The counter
CSCSTCONG starts incrementing when a signalling connection setup attempt for a
procedure requiring a TCH fails and stops incrementing when there is a successful
signalling connection setup of any kind on a SDCCH or a TCH. The counter
CSCSOPTCONG on the other hand starts incrementing when a signalling connection
setup attempt for a procedure that can be completed on an SDCCH fails and stops
incrementing when there is a successful signalling connection setup of any kind on a
SDCCH. As the counters consider successful establishments rather than resource
availability the actual congestion time might be slightly exaggerated in cells with low
SDCCH traffic and capacity. It should be noted that BSS cannot in all cases determine if
a connection is for a procedure requiring a TCH or signalling only, if not known it is
assumed that it is for a procedure requiring a TCH. The formula below shows the
congestion time for procedures that require a TCH
Figure 16
TCH
The counters TFCONGSAS, THCONGSAS etc. might be stepped several times during an
assignment attempt. Instead, a more accurate measure of the number of call attempts
failing due to TCH congestion is the number of signalling channel drops due to lack of
radio resources, i.e. TCH congestion. The counter to use is CNRELCONG situated in the
object type CLSDCCH and the TFNRELCONG counters. The expression below is a good
measure of the subscriber perceived Grade of Service (GoS) in the cell. The formula
compares the failed TCH assignment attempts due to congestion with the total number
of TCH assignment attempts. Successful attempts are counted in the target cell and
failed attempts are counted in the serving cell. By compensating for handover during
assignment the formula shows the congestion for calls started in the cell
TF_REL_C = TFNRELCONG + TFNRELCONGSUB
TH_REL_C = THNRELCONG + THNRELCONGSUB
Figure 17
TF_REL_C
TH_REL_C
The TCH time congestion is also a useful measure. The time congestion for TCH full-rate
in percentage of the measured period in underlaid subcell can be written as follows:
Figure 18
SR Makgopa
Radio Planning & Optimisation-Gauteng Region
Mobile: 083 214 3226
E-mail: makgop_s@mtn.co.za