Video cable schematics

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Video cable schematics

Index
Introduction
VGA to Scart
VGA to Arcade monitor
VGA to composite video in black and white
Jamma to Scart
Scart to VGA

Introduction
This section contains schematics to build useful video cables to interconnect various types of displays and devices. Cables VGA to Scart, VGA to Arcade
monitor and VGA to composite video in black and white require the PC video card to output compatible TV and Arcade monitor refresh rates at 15,6 kHz
50/60 Hz. PC video cards do not include these configurations by default but some models can be set with one of the following tools:
WinModelines (Windows)
CRT_EmuDriver (Windows)
Advance Projects (AdvanceMAME, AdvanceCAB and tools) (multiplatform)
Soft15khz (Windows)
WinVGATV - [ Main page ] (Windows)
Manual registry tweak (Windows)
X graphics server (Linux)
PowerStrip (Windows)
SwitchResX (Mac)
MS-DOS drivers (MS-DOS)

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VGA to Scart
This cable lets you connect a TV set with a RGB capable scart input to the PC VGA output. It is necessary to set the PC video card to output a 15.6kHz
50/60 Hz signal so that line and frame refresh frequencies are TV/Arcade monitor compatible as explained in the Introduction.
To determine if your TV set scart socket is RGB capable you can use a DVD player or DTV decoder, connect it to the scart socket and switch between
composite video (CVBS) and RGB modes from the player configuration menus. Look for subtle differences in picture sharpness or colours (maybe you must
save or exit the configuration menu for the change to take effect), if you can see these changes then the socket supports RGB. Note: to conclude it supports
RGB it is not sufficient to get a picture in RGB mode but you must notice a subtle difference in picture quality switching between CVBS and RGB.

To avoid noise in the picture or audio it is strongly recommended to use shielded cable for RGB and audio signals, shields are drawn in this schematic with
dotted lines. To get the best sharpness use 75 ohm video cable.

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The connector at the bottom right is a stereo male audio jack to plug to the PC sound card. It brings PC sounds to your TV speakers.
Note: if you use a standard male-male scart cable and a female socket you must change the following pins: 20 19, 6 3 and 2 1. This is because a
male-male cable connects inputs to outputs.
Connection to a MOLEX PC power plug is required for proper operation unless your TV set allows manual switching to RGB. It is not enough to be able to
switch to scart input, it must allow switching to RGB mode. Only few sets allow this so I strongly suggest to add these connections so that switching will be
automatic.
There are some alternatives to the MOLEX plug to get the necessary power. All of them only provide 5V so for the 12V cable you can leave it out (you will
have to switch your TV manually to its scart input) or connect it to 5V (some TVs will not switch while others will activate wide screen mode (16:9), it is fine
for wide screen sets but not for normal (4:3) sets where there may be a button or option to disable wide screen mode).
VGA port: according to VESA VGA standard, VGA connector pin 9 provides 5V (see numbering in previous schematic). However some cards do not
provide this voltage so check this before you elect this option.
USB port: a female USB plug as seen from the front with its contacts on the left hand has 5V available in the first contact starting from top. You can use
a male USB plug to make the connection.
Old DIN keyboard port: looking at a female connector from the front and with its contacts on the top, 5V are available in the second contact starting
from right.
PS/2 keyboard/mouse port (mini-DIN): looking at a female connector from the front and its groove at the top, 5V are available in the middle pin on the
left side.
With these alternatives you can build a more portable cable and avoid the need to enter a cable inside your PC.

FAQ
Why the resistors?
Scart and VGA standards specify a set of electrical characteristics (voltages and currents allowed) for all signals in these ports. All devices are designed
according to these standards and operation outside them may cause damage or wrong operation.
Specifications of synchronization signals for Scart and VGA differ significantly, so they are incompatible and cannot be connected. There are important
differences: scart composite sync expects a 0.3 V sync signal and has a low input impedance of 75 ohm while VGA outputs 5V TTL separate sync signals and
expects high impedance loading.
Given these specifications there is fortunately a very simple solution consisting of two resistors that:

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Drop the voltage output in the VGA port to the 0.3V expected by the TV set - this fixes some problems like very dark image or unstable sync which
would happen mostly on 100Hz TV sets or modern digital chassis.
Avoid overloading the video card sync outputs
Avoid the short circuit that occurs when H and V syncs are connected together and could damage the video card.
Mix H and V sync safely and reliably
Can we leave these resistors out?
Resistors are really cheap and in my opinion it is not worth the savings. Without these resistors both devices may be damaged: the TV set that receives a
signal 10 times stronger and the video card that sees an overload in its sync outputs.
When H and V signals are short circuited together one signal could take over the other and cause unstable display. Some TV sets measure sync signal strength
to adjust picture contrast (this is to compensate signal drops in cables and connectors) and with a signal 10 times stronger you will get a picture 10 times
darker.
I get just a black screen
99% of times this problem is due to 5V missing from power source (MOLEX or alternative used). Check the 100 ohm resistor, it should drop the 5V down to
around 2V (measured with a TV plugged). Also make sure the scart socket you are using is RGB capable.
Is it possible to run this circuit from only 12V?
Yes, change the 100 ohm resistor by a 390 ohm 1/2 W resistor. This resistor will get warm, use a 1/2W rated one.

VGA to Arcade
This cable lets you connect an Arcade monitor to the PC VGA output. This connection is very simple and does not need any additional component. You must
identify the right signal input points on your monitor, sometimes they are labeled but you can look for its technical manual on the web.

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Important: some monitors have switches or jumpers in their boards that must be set according to input signal. It is important to read its technical manual and
set the right settings for your needs. There are some settings that often cause problems:
Sync polarity: sets input sync signal polarities, it must be set to match the polarities output by your PC. In a Modeline, polarities are set with the sign +
or in front of keywords hsync and vsync for horizontal and vertical sync respectively.
Standard, medium or high resolution: most games run on standard resolution (15kHz / 16kHz) but some use medium (25kHz) or high (31kHz) for higher
resolutions. You must set this setting according to the modes you are going to use.
Separate or composite sync: jamma game boards generate composite sync while a PC uses separate syncs.
1Vpp or 5Vpp video signal: some jamma game boards output 5Vpp while PC VGA always outputs 1Vpp. If this setting is not available it can be
compensated by increasing monitor contrast.
Video terminators or loads: if available you should enable this option.
If your PC does not sense your monitor it is likely your monitor is not loading the RGB signals. Measure input resistance from one video signal (R, G or B)
to ground with an ohmmeter, in 200 ohm scale it should read around 75 ohm. Some monitors have a switch or jumper to enable loading of video signals, if
yours does not have this setting you can add three 75 ohm resistors from each video signal to ground as shown below.

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If your monitor accepts only composite syncs, it is not recommended to connect H and V signals together. If you use an ATI card you can enable composite
sync in ATI control panel or WinModelines. Then connect VGA pin 13 to composite sync input (do not connect pin 14). If you still experience problems you
may have to change output polarity from ATI control panel or replacing -hsync -vsync by +hsync +vsync in all modelines within WinModelines.
For non-ATI video cards, if you experience problems connecting H and V syncs together you can generate quality composite sync with this circuit:

This circuit fixes sync polarities and will always output negative sync (TV compatible). If you still have problems try to change to positive syncs by
connecting 4070 pin 12 to ground instead of 5V.
4070 chip is very cheap and easy to find at any electronics store. Each manufacturer has its own prefix so you can find CD4070, HEF4070, MC4070, etc. all
of them are the same. It is very important to connect ground to pin 7 and supply 5V to pin 14. You can get 5V from a MOLEX connector, monitor supply or
any other 5V supply you have around.
This is the chip pin numbering:

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VGA to composite video in black and white

This cable lets you connect PC VGA output to a TV or VCR composite video input. Generated signal is black and white (no colour). You must configure
your PC to output the right line and frame refresh rates as explained in the Introduction.

Pay attention to the polarity of electrolytic capacitor, positive must be connected to PC output and negative to video input. It works under very small voltages
so any voltage rating will do.
This circuit mixes colours following this ITU specification:
Y = 0,222 Red + 0,707 Green + 0,071 Blue

Red objects show up as dark grays and blue is very dark gray. If you think these grays are too dark you can increase their brightness by removing 100 and 150
ohm resistors or lowering the value of 120 and 390 ohm resistors.

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Jamma to Scart
This cable lets you connect an Arcade game board with Jamma interface to a TV scart socket. The scart socket must be RGB capable.

Note: if you use a standard male-male scart cable and a female socket you must change the following pins: 20 19, 6 3 and 2 1. This is because a
male-male cable connects inputs to outputs.
A similar drawing is published in some other web sites but observe the version shown here has a modification regarding audio connections. It is
recommended to follow this one to avoid damage to the audio amplifier in your game boards.
If audio sounds too strong or distorted, lower the volume setting on your game board. If it provides no volume control or does not have a proper range you
can put a volume adjustment adding a 10K preset in the audio wire:

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Scart to VGA / Arcade

This cable lets you connect a DVD player, DTV receiver or any other device with RGB scart output to an Arcade or PC monitor.
To use a PC monitor you must enable Progressive scan in your set top box, if your device does not have this capability then you cannot use a PC monitor. On
the other hand, for an Arcade monitor you do not need this feature and any box that outputs RGB can be connected.
In both cases it is required that your box outputs RGB signals in its Scart socket. Many but not all digital devices do that, and in some cases you must enable
RGB output within a settings menu. Note: a VHS VCR or an analogue tuner (satellite / cable / terrestrial) does not offer RGB signals and will not work with
this circuit.
Electrical schematic:

Connection diagram:

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Connector shown at bottom right is a female stereo audio jack to plug amplified PC speakers.
Components surrounded by a dotted line are optional: they generate a vertical sync signal but most monitors do not need it. If your monitor scrolls the picture
up or down or does not detect a signal you will have to add these components.
Start by setting the 4K7 preset at middle range. If your monitor does not sync properly, does not detect a signal or displays an Out of range message adjust
until it works.
If your Arcade monitor has a switch or jumper to set sync polarities try all settings until it works. This circuit outputs positive H sync and negative V sync.
If it still does not detect a signal or sync properly remove the connection to scart pin 16 and connect that wire to a 5V supply instead, with ground to
transistor emitters (E). The scart output may not provide enough voltage or current for proper operation.

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Note: if you use a standard male-male scart cable and a female socket you must change the following pins: 20 19, 6 3 and 2 1. This is because a
male-male cable connects inputs to outputs.
Project completed on June 2007 by Jeroni Paul.
Copyright 2007 Jeroni Paul.
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