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Disadvantages
The need for shaft seals and bearings.
Size limitation by motor size, shaft length and weight.
-Airlif reactor.
Advantages:
Simple design with no moving parts or agitator for less maintenance, less
risk of defects.
Easier sterilization (no agitator shaft parts)
Low Energy requirement vs stirred tank : Obviously doesnt need the
energy for the moving parts (agitator shaft).
Disadvantages:
Greater air throughput and higher pressures needed : The agitation on the
Airlift bioreactor is controlled by the supply air. To adjust the supply air
then the higher pressure needed. And if the higher pressure of air needed
then more energy consumption needed. And more cost must pay.
Inefficient break the foam when foaming occurs : Because there is no
blades/shaft as a foam breaker compare with the stirred tank that has it at
the surface.
NO bubbles breaker : There are no blades that used as a breaker the
bubbles which produced from the air supply (sparger)
-Fluized bed reactor (FBR).
Advantages:
Uniform Particle Mixing: Due to the intrinsic fluid-like behavior of the solid
material, fluidized beds do not experience poor mixing as in packed beds.
This complete mixing allows for a uniform product that can often be hard
to achieve in other reactor designs. The elimination of radial and axial
concentration gradients also allows for better fluid-solid contact, which is
essential for reaction efficiency and quality.
Uniform Temperature Gradients: Many chemical reactions require the
addition or removal of heat. Local hot or cold spots within the reaction
bed, often a problem in packed beds, are avoided in a fluidized situation
such as an FBR. In other reactor types, these local temperature
differences, especially hotspots, can result in product degradation. Thus
FBRs are well suited to exothermic reactions. Researchers have also
learned that the bed-to-surface heat transfer coefficients for FBRs are
high.
Ability to Operate Reactor in Continuous State: The fluidized bed nature of
these reactors allows for the ability to continuously withdraw product and
introduce new reactants into the reaction vessel. Operating at a continuos
process state allows manufacturers to produce their various products
more efficiently due to the removal of startup conditions in batch process.
Disadvantages:
Increased Reactor Vessel Size: Because of the expansion of the bed
materials in the reactor, a larger vessel is often required than that for a
packed bed reactor. This larger vessel means that more must be spent on
initial capital costs.
Pumping Requirements and Pressure Drop: The requirement for the fluid
to suspend the solid material necessitates that a higher fluid velocity is
attained in the reactor. In order to achieve this, more pumping power and
thus
higher
energy
costs
are
needed.
In
addition,
the
pressure drop associated with deep beds also requires additional pumping
power.
Particle Entrainment: The high gas velocities present in this style of
reactor often result in fine particles becoming entrained in the fluid. These
captured particles are then carried out of the reactor with the fluid, where
they must be separated. This can be a very difficult and expensive
problem to address depending on the design and function of the reactor.
This may often continue to be a problem even with other entrainment
reducing technologies.
Disadvantages
Capital cost is very high. This is one of the most important bottlenecks
that is hindering the progress of algae fuel industry.
Despite higher biomass concentration and better control of culture
parameters, data accumulated in the last two decades have shown that
the productivity and production cost in some enclosed photobioreactor
systems are not much better than those achievable in open-pond cultures.
Disadvanteges:
Difficult to scale up.
-Mist bioreactor.
This is suitable for hairy root cultivation of plant cells. Static root mass is
contained in a chamber that is mostly empty. Nutrients are supplied as
mist of fine droplets suspended in circulating air currents that penetrates
the spaces between the roots.
Advantages
during the
of specific
the
Disadvantages:
It requires previous analysis of the microorganism, its requirements and
the understanding of its physiology with the productivity.
In a cyclic fed batch culture, care should be taken in the design of the
process to ensure that toxins do not accumulate to inhibitory levels and
that nutrients other than those incorporated into the feed medium
become limiting. Also if many cycles are run, the accumulation of nonproducing or low producing variants may result.