Week 2 Solutions - ENB222

3-19C

Which process requires more energy: completely vaporizing 1 kg of saturated liquid water
at 1 atm pressure or completely vaporizing 1 kg of saturated liquid water at 8 atm?
From A-5 in Cengel and Boles ed. 6.
hf g 2256 kJ kg 1 at 1 atm
hf g 2048 kJ kg 1 at 8 atm
at 1 atm it requires more energy

3-22C

In the absence of compressed liquid tables, how is the specific volume of a compressed liquid
at a given P and T determined?
The compressed liquid can be approximated as a saturated liquid at the given temperature,
vT.P. vf @T

3-45

A person cooks a meal in a 30 cm diameter pot that is covered with a well-fitting lid and
lets the food cool to the room temperature of 20 C. The total mass of the food and the pot
is 8 kg. Now the person tries to open the pan by lifting the lid up. Assuming no air has
leaked into the pan during cooling, determine if the lid will open or the pan will move up
together with the lid.
Assume that the local atmospheric pressure is 101325 P a and that the weight of the lid
is negligible.
Force balance,
P A + F = Patm A
rearranging for the force,
F = A(Patm P )
Look up the value for P in the thermodynamic tables, saturated pressure of water at 20 C
Table A-4
P = 2.3392 kP a = 2339.2 P a
A is the area of the lid,
A=
F =

 2
D
2

D2
4

0.32
(101325
4

0.32
4

2339.2)

= 6996.89 N
Compare this force to that of the weight of the pan,
weight = mg = 8 9.8 = 78.4 N
as 78.4 < 6996.89 the pan will move up with the lid.

3-46

Water is boiled at 1 atm pressure in a 25 cm internal diameter stainless steel pan on an

electric range. If it is observed that the water level in the pan drops by 10 cm in 40 min,
determine the rate of heat transfer to the pan.
P = 101.325 P a
h = 0.1m
t = 45 60 = 2700 s
Water at 1 atm at a sat. temperature of 100 C
Table A-5
hf g = 2256.5 kJ kg 1
vf = 0.001043 m3 kg 1
Finding the rate of evaporation.
The mass evaporated,
mevap =

Vevap
vf

0.25D2 h
vf

0.250.252 0.1
0.001043

mevap = 4.706 kg
The rate, m
=

m
t

4.706
2700

= 0.00174 kg s1

Rate of heat transfer to the pan,

Q = m
hf g = 0.00174 2256.5 = 3.926 kW

3-49

Water in a 5 cm deep pan is observed to boil at 98 C. At what temperature will the water
in a 40 cm deep pan boil? Assuming both pans are full of water.
Information:
= 1000 kg m3
h = 0.40 0.05 = 0.35 m
From Table A-4
Psat@95C =84.609 kP a
Psat@100C =101.42 kP a
Psat@98C = 101.4284.609 (9895)+84.609
10095

P = 94.69 kP a
Find the pressure difference at the bottom of the 2 pans,
P = gh = 1000 9.8 0.35 = 3430 P a = 3.43 kP a
Therefore the pressure at the bottom of the 40 cm pan is,
P = 94.69 + 3.43 = 98.12 kP a
From Table A-4
Psat@95 C = 84.609 kP a
Psat@100 C = 101.42 kP a
10095
T = 101.4284.609
(98.12 84.609) + 95
T = 99.02 C

3-50

Water is being heated in a vertical piston-cylinder device. The piston has a mass of 20 kg
and a cross-sectional area of 100 cm2 . If the local atmospheric pressure is 100 kP a, determine the temperature at which the water starts boiling.
P = Patm +

F
A

Patm = 100 kP a
F = mg = 20 9.8 = 196 N
A = 100 104 = 102 m2
P = 100, 000 +

196
102

= 100, 000 + 19, 600 = 119, 600 P a

P = 119.6 kP a
From Table A-5
at 100 kP a Tsat = 99.61 C
at 125 kP a Tsat = 105.97 C
Tsat@119.6kP a =

105.9799.61
(119.6
125100

100) + 99.61 = 104.59 C

3-51

A rigid tank with a volume of 2.5 m3 contains 15 kg of saturated liquid-vapor mixture of

water at 75 C. Now the water is slowly heated. Determine the temperature at which the
liquid in the tank is completely vaporized. Also, show the process on a T -v diagram with
respect to saturation lines.
Constant volume process,
v1 = v2 = vg =

V
m

2.5
15

= 0.1667 m3 kg 1

Therefore we can find the saturation temperature,

Table A-4
At Tsat = 185 C, vg = 0.17390 m3 kg 1
At Tsat = 190 C, vg = 0.15636 m3 kg 1

Using linear interpolation,

Tsat@vg =0.1667 =

190185
(0.1667
0.156360.17390

0.17390) + 185 = 187.05 C