Week 3 Solutions - ENB222

2-26C

Consider an electric refrigerator located in a room. Determine the direction of the work and
heat interactions (in or out) when the following are taken as the system:
(a) the contents of the refrigerator,
(b) all parts of the refrigerator including the contents,
(c) everything contained within the room during a winter day.
(a) From the perspective of the contents, heat must be removed in order to reduce and
maintain the contents temperature. Heat is also being added to the contents from the room
air since the room air is hotter than the contents.
(b) Considering the system formed by the refrigerator box when the doors are closed, there
are three interactions, electrical work and two heat transfers. There is a transfer of heat
from the room air to the refrigerator through its walls. There is also a transfer of heat from
the hot portions of the refrigerator (i.e., back of the compressor where condenser is placed)
system to the room air. Finally, electrical work is being added to the refrigerator through
the refrigeration system.
(c) Heat is transferred through the walls of the room from the warm room air to the cold
winter air. Electrical work is being done on the room through the electrical wiring leading
into the room.

4-12

A frictionless piston-cylinder device initially contains 200 l of saturated liquid refrigerant134a. The piston is free to move, and its mass is such that it maintains a pressure of 900
kP a on the refrigerant. The refrigerant is now heated until its temperature rises to 70 C.
Calculate the work done during this process.
Firstly, find the mass needs to be found,
From table A-12 vf can be found for saturated refrigerant-134a at 900 kP a,
vf = v1 = 0.0008576 m3 kg 1
Finding the volume of 200 l in m3 ,
Consider, 1 l = 10 cm3 = 103 m3
m=

V olume
vf

W =

200103
0.0008576

= 233.3 kg

P dV = P (V2 V1 ) = mP (v2 v1 )

v2 is the refrigerant at 70 C, found in table A-13

v2 = 0.02738 m3 kg 1
W = 233.3 900(0.02738 0.0008576)
= 5566.74 kJ
As W is positive the work is outputted and done by the system.

4-15

A mass of 2.4 kg of air at 150 kP a and 12 C is contained in a gas-tight, frictionless pistoncylinder device. The air is now compressed to a final pressure of 600 kP a. During the
process, heat is transferred from the air such that the temperature inside the cylinder remains constant. Calculate the work input during this process.
Isothermal process,
W =

P dV = P V ln

V2
V1

= mRT ln

P1
P2

R for air is 0.287 kJ kg 1 K 1 (from Table A-1)

W = 2.4 0.287 (12 + 273.15) ln

150
600

= 266.6 kJ

Therefore the work input is 266.6 kJ

4-17

During some actual expansion and compression process in piston-cylinder devices, the gases
have been observed to satisfy the relationship P V n = C where n and C are constants. Calculate the work done when a gas expands from 150 kP a and 0.03 m3 to a final volume of
0.2 m3 for the case of n = 1.3.
First determine the final pressure,
PV n = C
P1 V1n = P2 V2n
P2 = P1

P2 = 150

V1
V2

n

0.03
0.2

1.3

= 12.73 kP a

Finding the Work,

P2 V2 P1 V1
1n

W =

W =

12.730.21500.03
11.3

P dV =

= 6.51 kJ

4-26

1 kg of water that is initially at 90 C with a quality of 10 percent occupies a spring-loaded

piston-cylinder device, such as that in Fig. P4-26. This device is now heated until the pressure rises to 800 kP a and the temperature is 250 C. Determine the total work produced
during this process, in kJ.
Finding the initial pressure, use Table A-4
P1 = 70.14 kP a
Finding the initial specific volume,
x=

v1 vf
vg vf

v1 = vf + xvf g
Finding vf and vg . Use Table A-4
vf = 0.001036 m3 kg 1
vg = 2.361 m3 kg 1
v1 = 0.001036 + 0.1(2.361 0.001036) = 0.237 m3 kg 1
Determine v2 from Table A-6,
v2 = 0.2931 m3 kg 1
Finding the total work done,

Knowing that this is a linear process, P = kV ,

Using the Work relationship when pressure is constant,
Using the trapezoid rule
W =

P1 +P2
2

W =

70.14+800
2

m (v2 v1 )
1 (0.2931 0.237) = 24.41 kJ