Week 10 Solutions - ENB222

7-16C

The entropy of steam will (increase, decrease, remain the same) as it flows through an actual
adiabatic turbine?
Increase

7-40

A rigid tank is divided into two equal parts by a partition. One part of the tank contains
1.5 kg of compressed liquid water at 300 kP a and 60 C while the other part is evacuated.
The partition is now removed, and the water expands to fill the entire tank. Determine the
entropy change of water during this process, if the final pressure in the tank is 15 kP a.
Information:
m = 1.5 kg, P1 = 300 kP a, T1 = 60 C, P2 = 15 kP a
Using Table A-4 (recall that compressed water can be approximated as saturated water
at the given temperature.)
at 60 C
vf = 0.001017 m3 kg 1 , sf = 0.8313 kJ kg 1 K 1
2 equal parts; hence,
V2 = 2 V1 , therefore, v2f = 2v1f
v2f = 2 0.001017 = 0.002034 m3 kg 1
Determining the quality factor,
at P2 = 15 kP a (Table A-5)
vf = 0.001014 m3 kg 1 ; vg = 10.020 m3 kg 1
x2 =

v2 vf
vf g

0.0020340.001014
10.20.001014

= 1.018 104

Using this information the entropy can be determined at point 2,

Table A-5 at 15 kP a
sf = 0.7549 kJ kg 1 K 1 , sf g = 7.2522 kJ kg 1 K 1
therefore, s2 = sf + x2 sf g = 0.7549 + 1.018 104 7.2522 = 0.7556 kJ kg 1 K 1
The change in entropy,
S = m(s2 s1 ) = 1.5 (0.7556 0.8313) = 0.113 kJ K 1

7-43

An insulated piston-cylinder device contains 5 l of saturated liquid water at a constant pressure of 150 kP a. An electric resistance heater inside the cylinder is now turned on, and 2200
kJ of energy is transferred to the steam. Determine the entropy change of the water during
this process.
Information:
V = 5 l = 0.005 m3
P = 150 kP a
Win = 2200 kJ
Energy Balance,
Ein Eout = E
Win Wout = U
Win = U + Wout
H = U + Wout during a constant pressure quasi-equilibrium process,
Win = H = m(h2 h1 )
Can use h2 to find the final entropy, and hence the change in entropy.
h2 =

Win
m

+ h1

Using the tables, Table A-5

sf = 1.4337 kJ kg 1 K 1
sf g = 5.7894 kJ kg 1 K 1
vf = 0.001053 m3 kg 1
hf = 467.13 kJ kg 1
hf g = 2226.0 kJ kg 1
m=

V
v1

h2 =

2200
4.748

0.005
0.001055

= 4.748 kg

+ 467.13 = 930.48 kJ kg 1

Finding the quality factor

x2 =

h2 hf
hf g

930.48467.13
2226.0

= 0.2081

Using it to find s2
s2 = sf + x2 sf g = 1.4337 + 0.2081 5.7894 = 2.6387 kJ kg 1 K 1
Hence the change in entropy,
S = m(s2 s1 ) = 4.748 (2.6387 1.4337) = 5.72 kJ K 1

7-79C

Can the entropy of an ideal change during an isothermal process?

Yes, entropy as a dependency on pressure aswell as temperature and hence can change
during an isothermal process.

7-124C

Is the isentropic process a suitable model for compressors that are cooled intentionally? Explain.
No, because the isentropic process is not the model or ideal process for compressors that are
cooled intentionally.

7-128

Steam at 3 M P a and 400 C is expanded to 30 kP a in an adiabatic turbine with an isentropic efficiency of 92 percent. Determine the power produced by this turbine in kW when
the mass flow rate is 2 kg/s
The rate of work out is that the theoretical amount out multiplied by the efficiency,
out = W
s,out
W
Energy Balance,
E in E out = E system
E in = E out
s,out + mh
mh
1=W
2
s,out = m(h
W
1 h2 )
out = m(h
Therefore, W
1 h2 )
Information from point 1 can be easily found in the tables, Table A-6
h1 = 3231.7 kJ kg 1
s1 = 6.9235 kJ kg 1 K 1
However, for point 2, h2 can be found by finding the quality
Because the process is isentropic, s1 = s2
Table A-5 (30 kP a)
sf = 0.9441 kJ kg 1 K 1 , sf g = 6.8234 kJ kg 1 K 1
hf = 289.27 kJ kg 1 , hf g = 2335.3 kJ kg 1
x2 =

s1 sf
sf g

6.92350.9441
6.8234

= 0.87631

therefore, h2 = hf + x2 hf g = 289.27 + 0.87631 2335.3 = 2333.71 kJ kg 1

Therefore the power output is,
out = m(h
W
1 h2 ) = 0.92 2 (3231.7 2333.71) = 1652.3 kW