THE GLOBE

May - June 2015

Student Writings from IEI

WRITING ONE
About My Home

dogs, but she doesnt have pets. Paige likes to watch

sports, but she does not like to play. She likes
listening to music. She loves Katy Perry. She likes to
travel. She wants to go to Greece. She traveled to
Michigan in March. She likes to shop. Her favorite
mall is Opry Mills.

By: Awad Alayesh (Saudi Arabia)

I live in a large house. My house has three
bedrooms, one bathroom, one living room, a kitchen,
an office, and a large yard. In my bedroom, there is
my bed, dresser, mirror, closet, couch, and chair. In
my bathroom, there is a sink, toilet, hand towel,
bathmat, bathtub, showerhead, wastebasket, and
mirror. In my living room, there is a loveseat, painting,
TV, coffee table, and floor lamp. In my kitchen, there
is a cabinet, shelf, sink, dish rack, toaster, toaster
oven, pot, teakettle, stove, burner, refrigerator, and
freezer. I like my house because I like my host family.

My City
By: Yasir Othman (Saudi Arabia)
My city is not small. My city is not big. Its
name is Medina. There are big mosques and big
hospitals with good doctors. You can buy food in the
markets. My city has a lot of schools. There are also
a lot of parks. My city has a lot of malls. In addition,
my city has companies and banks.
In my city, the people are friendly. My whole
family lives in Medina. My friends are in Medina. On
the weekend, I go with my friends to Abu Tabush to
drink coffee and eat dinner.

This Week
By: Ali Alhendas (Saudi Arabia)
On Monday, Ali is going to go to school and
Beth is going to go shopping. On Tuesday, Awad is
going to go home and Beth is going to go walk with
her friend. On Wednesday, Beth is going to go have
dinner with other teachers and Ali is going to go buy
clothes at the mall. On Thursday, Yasir is going to go
play tennis and he is going to go see the doctor. On
Friday, Girgis is going to go to work and everyone is
going to relax.

My Weekend
By: Girgis Saber (Egypt)
On Saturday, I went to work and after work I
went to sleep. On Sunday, I went with my friends to
eat. After that, I
went to work
then I went to
sleep. Monday is
my day off. I will
still have to do
my homework
because Beth
told me.

About Paige
By: Oksana Honcharuk (Ukraine)
Her name is Paige. She has been teaching
two years. Paige is from Nashville. She teaches 9year-old children. She is married. She has one sister.
Her sister is older. She likes to watch movies and
dance. Her husband makes country music videos.
Her favorite movie is Singin in the Rain. She likes

WRITING TWO
A Day 5 Years in the Future

About My Mother

By: Abdulelah Albleihed (Saudi Arabia)

By: Shodiya Ismoilova (Uzbekistan)

In 5 years, I am going to go to K.S.A. I will go live

with my family. I will finish my English study when I
will go to my country. I think I will have a wife and
daughter. On a day in 5 years, I am going to get up
in the morning. I am going to eat breakfast with a
friend. I am going to play soccer at 4:00 p.m. with my
friends. I am going to drink coffee with my family at
7:00 p.m. I am going to get dinner at 9:00 p.m. I am
going to sleep at 10:00 p.m. I think a day in 5 years
will be good.

My mother is 56 years old. She has 4 kids and 7

grandkids. She is in my country now. She cooks
very well. She is so beautiful. She is very kind. I
miss her and my family in my country.

My Best Friend
By: Daban Jabbary (Kurdistan-Iraq)
My best friends live in Kurdistan of Iraq. They are
very, very good. They are going to visit me at my
home in Nashville. We are going to go to the park,
the mall, and the city center. We are going to go
shopping and make a picnic every day. We are
happy together. If I get sick, my friends will come to
me and bring me to the hospital. If any of us ever
need anything, we will help each other. My friends
are kind and nice. They are friendly. We are all like
brothers.

About My Friend
By: Ali Almousa (Saudi Arabia)
His name is Yasser. He is 25 years old. He lives
in Saudi Arabia. He is married. He likes soccer. He
likes small cars, and he likes to drive fast. He works
in Sabic Company, and his job is a Machine
Operator. He likes this job because this work is
active. I know Yasser from 5 years ago. Yasser is
my best friend because he worked with me and
helped me about our job. I hope my friend has a
happy life.

About My Favorite Holiday

By: Dieu Tran Cat (Vietnam)
My favorite holiday is Moon Holiday. I like this
holiday because Moon Holiday is very nice and
happy. A mother's children buy lanterns for
them. Every year on August 15th, the children take
lanterns in their hands and walk in the streets. The
streets are full of people and colorful from the
lanterns. When you see the scene, you will be
hooked. Then you will be happy and you will walk
with them. Moon Holiday is a children's holiday, but
also a day when family visits too. In Vietnam, Moon
Holiday is called "Trung Thu."

About a Day That Changed My Life

By: Khalid Alruwaili (Saudi Arabia)
In my country, I went to my house and my father
asked me, Do you want to go to the U.S.? I said,
Yes, I want to, and he said, Okay. In two months,
you have to go to the U.S. On this day, my life
changed. He gave me money, and he said, Go to
the mall and buy clothes for yourself. And I said,
Okay. After this day, my life changed because I
went to a new city and met new people. Everything
was new. And I am grateful for this day because my
life is better now.

WRITING THREE
My Past, Present, and Future

My Favorite Teacher

By: Hector Ruiz (Mexico)

By: Ibraheem Alalwan (Saudi Arabia)

Last Sunday I went to play soccer with my friends

in the park. I drive everyday for more than an hour to
get to IEI. After I finish IEI I am going to study in
college.

My favorite teacher is generous and friendly

because he helps me all the time. He is like my
father. This teacher is very important in my life
because he is wonderful and smart.

Do You Like to Write?

My Kitchen

By: Zokhid "Ziggy" Vakhobov (Uzbekistan)

By: Hassan Alhendas (Saudi Arabia)

Yes I do like to write. When I was a child I really

hated to write essays. I mean when I started to learn I
really didn't like to write in my language, Uzbek.
When I started to learn my first foreign language,
Korean, I started to like to write essays. I still like to
write essays today. That's why my first answer was
"Yes I do!" But I don't like to write about myself. I just
want to write about every topic except myself as a
topic.

My kitchen is used to cook and anything else. I

cook in my kitchen everyday. I have many size bowls
to cook with. When I enter the kitchen I see a stove
near the refrigerator and I have a microwave. Near
the microwave I have room for eating. There is a
table and chairs for eating. In my kitchen I have a
door to the garage. In my kitchen there is a
dishwasher and cabinets.

Special Holidays

A Scary Time

By: Amal Alatawi (Saudi Arabia)

By: Sarah Alkhatam (Saudi Arabia)

In my country, Saudi Arabia, there are two favorite

holidays for me. They are Eid Alfater and Eid
Alatha. Eid Alfater is the first holiday. It comes after
the Ramadan month. We eat candy and visit our
friends and families.

I remember a scary time. I was five years old. I

had a problem in my blood. I slept in the hospital. My
body hurt all day. I was crying all the time because I
was hurting and I took blood for my body because my
blood was low. That was a big problem for me. That
day was bad.

My Favorite Teacher
By: Faisal Alanazi (Saudi Arabia)
My favorite teacher is friendly. My favorite teacher
is in IEI. She helps us every day. Last week I sent
her an email. I had to meet with SACM, the Saudi
Arabian Cultural Ministry. She sent me all my, in my
house is my bedroom. As I enter my bedroom I see
my bed on the left wall. My room is all red. I have a
TV, a computer, and a table beside a window. In my
room there is a bathroom beside my bed.

WRITING FOUR
Culture Shock
By: Nourah Sagnawi
Culture shock is that feeling when a peson travels to another country and lives there for a long time. There
are many causes for culture shock but three important ones are everything is new, missing family, and not speaking
English well.
First of all, in the first month people will be excited; however, after tow or three months they could feel
nervous because they know nothing about the culture of the country. Although, if they start to have friends, that will
help them to feel better.
Second, missing family. A lot of people live alone in another country for study or work and they feel a little
bit lonely. Even if they have a roommate in their apartment. For example, the first time for me in the United States, I
lived with a nice roommate. She always help me but sometimes I felt lonely. Because that was the first time for me
to be far from my family. However, it could be a good thing to be familiar with the extent of your abilities and
patience.
Third, not speaking English. For example, when I came to the United States, I did not know English. I could
not speak a word in English. I felt shy to speak with others and I mimed by my hand to explain what I needed.
Some people understood what I mean but others they did not. One day I wanted to buy my cell phone bill.
Unfortunately, I could not because my English was bad.
In conclusion, influenced by cultural shock in persons life. By the way, it is not the worst think in living in
another country. Look at this in a positive way. Learn new things about different cultures, have new family, and
friends, and speak another language from native people.

Bad Feeling
By: Motaz Hassan (Saudi Arabia)
The bad feeling is that feeling that makes people unhappy. I feel heartbreak in my heart. There are two
reasons that I feel bad, and one effect of this feeling.
The first cause is not getting the scholarship. I feel bad without it because the scholarship gives me money
for my studies and living. When my king died, the new king changed some resolutions. Also he changed the
minister of education. The king made new resolutions that made all the students who need the scholarship feel bad.
They have to give us all the scholarship like all the students who already have it.
The second cause is spending all my money. I feel bad when Im without money because I need money for
my studies and my living. I have been living in USA for eight months. I spent all my money because Im still waiting
for the scholarship. Sometime I need to talk to my father to send me some money and that makes me have a bad
feeling.
Last, the effect of the bad feeling is I cant focus in my studies. For example, when Im in my classes, all my
thinking is in my problem. So, I cant focus and I cant do what I have to do in my studies. That makes me not
continue. However, my friends make me feel good when Im sad, and also my family too.
In conclusion, I think when you feel bad you cant focus on whatever you do if you study, work or have
business. So I think the scholarship must come to me because if it will not, I will go back home.

Being in Love
By: Sandra Molina (El Salvador)
Being in love is one of the stages of life. Love can be a strong feeling of affection and concern toward
another person. Those all seem to come naturally when you are in love.
When you are in love, your emotions help you meet each others emotional needs. They provide instincts
that you may not have even known you have. These instincts can be affectionate, attentive, conversational,
creative, honest, and admiring.
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You and your partner love each other because you made each other very happy because you met each
others emotional needs. The only way you and your partner will stay in love is to keep meeting those needs. Even
when the feeling of love begins to fade or when it is gone entirely, it isnt necessarily gone for good. It can be
recovered whenever you both go back to making large love deposits.
However, your emotions do not simply encourage you to be with those who make you happy. They also
discourage you from being with those who make you unhappy. Paying special attention to each other is important
in the creation of romantic love. On the other hand, dishonesty destroys love.
Honesty is crucial in creating love and it is the only way that you will ever come to understand each other. It
isnt easy to be honest. Honesty is an unpopular value these days, and many couples do not make a commitment
to each other to be honest.
All of us want to make a difference in the lives of others. We want to contribute to their happiness. In fact,
love is not easy. You and your partner should work at your relationship everyday and value each other. I hope
everyone at IEI finds love and becomes every happy.

Education
By: Mohammed Alharbi (Saudi Arabia)
The dictionary definition of education is the act or process of imparting or acquiring general knowledge,
developing the powers of reasoning and judgment, and generally of preparing oneself or others intellectually for
mature life. Education can be divided into adult education, home schooling, and learning in a traditional school
setting.
First of all, the purpose of adult education is to help people live more successfully. It may be helping people
how they can use a computer. For example, in my country, Saudi Arabia, there is school at night every day for
adults. They are studying in a public building and they study for free. The classes are about writing, reading, and
using a computer. In my country, the men and women are in separate classes.
In addition, there is a home school system in many countries. It is when parents teach their children an
academic curriculum at home instead of sending them out to a public school. Such as, when a father has
experience in science, he teaches science to his children. When my teacher, Beth, received a secondary diploma
from home school then she began her university studies.
Finally, there is international school education where people study at different kinds of institutions. For
instance, we learn English at the International English Institute.
In conclusion, education is important for society and people. We have to learn to build up ourselves and
have a successful life. Education is very important for adults it is not only for the children.

Addiction to Video Games

By: Bassam Alruwaili (Saudi Arabia)
Addiction is defined as a strong desire to do or have something regularly. There are many kinds of
addiction in our lives, but now we have a new one. It is video game addiction!
Nowadays, you can find video games in many places. Also, there are a lot of kinds like X-box, Play Station,
and computer games. However, each one of these has a special style and way to play it. The problem is the use.
Also, people in every age group and both genders play these games.
First of all, we know video games are so much fund and you do not feel the time pass when you are
playing. But, this does not mean you should play all day because this may hurt your health or maybe your business.
So, you should control yourself in this case and try to do something else that benefits you.
Second, there are not only adults or women who play video games; nowadays, as was stated, people of all
ages play them. The problem is that children and teenagers love it and they cannot control themselves. So, in this
situation parents should do something to stop that. For instance, the parents can teach their children how to use
games to learn. In addition, parents should discuss with their children monitoring the amount on time they play so
they can be safe.
In conclusion, video games will continue to be developed and used. However, we need to be careful and
not hurt ourselves by using video games in a troubling way. If we do this we can enjoy playing without any problem.

Homesickness
By: Hussain Alshareef (Saudi Arabia)
What does homesickness mean? Homesickness means being sad or depressed from a longing for home
or family while living far from them for a long time. There are many people who have to leave their family for many
reasons. One reason is to complete their education. Another reason is when you get a good job. These situations
can cause homesickness.
To begin with a situation which may cause homesickness for many students is completing their education.
In fact, there are many people who learn a new language that will make communication with other people easier.
For example, my sister and I are here to complete our education, but we miss our country and all things there. We
want to finish quickly and go back home.
Besides leaving home for education many leave when they get a good job. But if your job is in a different
country you have to move and may feel homesick. For example, my brother, Maher, worked in a big company in
China for three years. Then he missed his culture and its food. When he came back after one year he got married
and went back to China. But, this time it was different because he was with his wife. Now, he is in his home country
working for Aramco but in a different city.
In conclusion, there are many reasons to make you feel homesick. In my opinion, our life is changed by the
choices we make such as I mentioned before: deciding to leave your home and family to complete your education
or getting a new job in another country or city.

Universal Love
By: Siver Jabbary (Kurdistan Iraq)
I have no country to fight for; my country is the earth, I am a citizen of the world. Eugene V. Debs
What is universal love? It is unconditional love, love without expectation, impersonal love, and doing good
works. A world full of ideas is not the same as a world full of love! To help the world we need a definition of love that
gives us true understanding to live life truly. God creates mankind to love and respect each other not to hate and
fight. There is no racism, religion, and nationality because we are all humans.
How do we learn to show universal love? At home parents have to teach their children how to love each
other and how they can love people, neighbors, friends, and relatives. In addition to parents the teachers have to
teach students how they can respect others and not make divisions among one another. Finally, as humans we
have grow love in our hearts and not fight with each other.
Think of the world today, can we see universal love anywhere? All of the wars happening in the whole
world are due to hate, disrespect, and an emphasis on the differences between nationalities, religions, and races.
I wonder if politicians, presidents, and war advocates send their sons and daughters to fight in wars! Of
course not, that is how everybody feels. When people are born love is not born with them. They have to build it by
themselves. They have to plant love and care in their hearts and forgive each other by being more tolerant and
forgiving. When people are fighting over land, natural resources, and worldly interests this does not lead to peace.
It is devastating how does hatred and hostility benefit us? If we cause war, then what will we get? And if we do
not create fights, what will we lose? Of course, if we start war, we will for sure lose our humanity. When they fight
over a piece of land then they will die and leave everything behind. Death is the end of life and everything will come
to an end one day. We are like guests in this life. We come and go, we have to leave one day! Why would we
create hostility and hatred? Why dont we plant love among each other?
I think love has no gender, race, disability, age, labels, or religions.
Be universal in your love. You will see the universe to be the picture of your own being. Sri Chinmoy

Social Life
By: Nouf Alfaraidi (Saudi Arabia)
Social life is different from country to country, region to region, and family to family. What is social life?
Social life in general means the time that any person spends with family or friends. In general, the comparative
analysis between the social life in the United States of America and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has certain
contrasting aspects.
First lets consider the social life in the United States of America. What makes American social life different
from others is because they have some unwritten rules to live by such as personal space, privacy, and turning to
adulthood. First is personal space. In America people prefer to maintain about eighteen inches of space between
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any two persons while speaking. This personal space is very important for Americans and if an individual does not
respect this rule the other person may not feel comfortable. The second rule is privacy. Privacy is so important to
Americans because people work hard to own their belongings; therefore, they do not like to share what they own.
The last point refers to becoming an adult. In general, a person who is eighteen years old is considered to be an
adult. After turning eighteen years of age many young Americans leave their family home and live on their own and
become more independent. Also, they usually do not often see their families except for holidays and special
occasions.
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on the other hand has a very rare social lifestyle. First, there is no such idea
as the personal space rule, but the amount of space depends on the person and the situation. Secondly is privacy.
In Saudi Arabia all people have privacy. However, they like to share their private belongings with others even if they
are strangers. For example, if a person was heading to the grocery store and by coincidence this person saw
someone with his luggage along the street waiting for a cab, the person who was going to the grocery would give a
free ride to the other person who wanted to go to the airport. This is because in Saudi culture they like to help each
other as if they were all brothers and sisters. Finally, there is no specific age for turning and adult in Saudi. Usually,
whenever a child starts to hold responsibilities and helps his parents, the person will be considered as an adult.
Usually children do not leave their parents house until they get married. If they are in school or college their
parents will support them, and if they have jobs they will help their parents.
In conclusion, social life seems to be different from one place to another. My example was the USA
compared to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and how they are different from each other.

WRITING FIVE
Students Fail or Pass College Classes
By: Bader Alamri (Saudi Arabia)
Most people entering college to be success in their life and earn a degree so they could find a good
job. However, some of them might find college is a difficult place, so they decide to drop out, and they go
look for a job by whatever degree they have. Dropping out of college will cause them to lose the chance of
earning a higher degree and finding high income job. Moreover, there are a variety of reasons students who
attend college fail or pass classes.
Students fail college classes for a variety of reasons. Some of the reasons student fail their classes
are financial problems, not attending classes, or not doing the assignments. Students who have financial
problems may not have the money to purchase a book, which most courses required a book in order to
pass the course. This is a one reason students fail classes. Other reasons students fail classes; they do not
attend the class or always late, and dont do the assignments. I believe this happen because they are either
not academically ready or they have family responsibility.
In the other hand, students who pass college classes have several reasons. Some of the reasons
student pass their classes are managing their time, having motivation to success, and attending classes
regularly. They are well organized and know how to manage their time effectively. They have people
motivate them to do well in college, so they can reach their goal. Mostly, parents or sibling are the one who
encourage their children to success in college or any other aspect of college life. For instance, my brother
and I would not pass our classes if we do not motivate each other and even challenge ourselves to get a
good grade on our classes.
In conclusion, students need to be motivated in order to pass their classes. Students who are not
motivated might fail their classes because they have lack of motivation. Parents should encourage their
children to do well on the courses and try to help them if they need help.

Telling Lies
By: Miguel Bejarano (Argentina)
One of the most common actions that destroys trust between friends, family, and even coworkers is
lying. I always ask myself, Why do people lie? Although, there are people who say they have never lied, I
know and understand that all people at some time have lied, so if they say that they have never lied, then
they are liars. Psychologist, Vicente Carbona said that Man is the only animal able to deceive himself. This
is really the truth because we all lie for different reasons; for example, for going a benefit, for fear, to
deceive, or to get out of a problem. Although, many people think that lying is not bad, I believe to lie is
always bad and brings very bad consequences like losing credibility, ending up alone, and creating conflict
in the family.
First, when a person lives their life always lying and they dont want to change, they lose their
credibility and nobody can trust them. Sometimes they end up believing their own lies, and the most
dangerous aspects is that this kind of person doesnt want to recognize it and then they lose their credibility
with friends, family and other people. No one likes these kind of people because Integrity and honesty are
the most important characteristics for many people. In addition, lying is bad for our health. When someone
lies, they live with a lot of fear that the lie will be discovered. To live worried with this fear produces a lot of
stress in their lives and they consequently live stressed out. I believe that a person should not lie, because
when someone lies a lot they are unsure of themselves and tend to lie, which results in losing all credibility.
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Another consequence of lying is that a person who doesnt want to quit

bad habit, will end up being excluded. The reason is because people cannot trust them and their decisions.
I cannot be with this kind of person because for me the truth is very important. To tell of truth instead of
lying is the best. Furthermore, it is better to deal with the problem today than face a lie being discovered
tomorrow.
Finally, the other things that lying affects is the harmony in the family. There are many families that
are destroyed by men and women who lie to each other and cause conflicts. For example, when there are
liars in a family the distrust grows. Sometimes they lie because of fear. Others time for fear that their
parents will get angry and they want to avoid dealing with the situation. People tend to lie to each other, and
when parents lie, their children learn to lie. This is the reason people should not lie to their family. Telling
the truth can bring some problems or difficulties, but it is the best way to educate the family.
In conclusion, remember when a person lies they are at risk of being discovered and this can cause
people to lose credibility among their friends, coworkers and with other people. Another thing that can
happen is that one ends up being from of the other people because of the lying. It also causes problems in
the family because the lie sooner or later will always be discovered.

Thats Life
By: Hassan Sunbol (Saudi Arabia)
Not everyone has the time to be alone. For me, I sometimes like to be alone to make my mind
clean without thinking a lot. I like to spend that time driving with some of my special music and smoking.
First of all, sometimes we just get tired of our world and human beings. This earth has a lot of
issues right now, and no one can live in peace. For me if the world starts to be hard and tough with me, I
would like to spend some time by myself, alone. I only like to be alone while I am driving. We can see that I
love to ride alone in this vehicle with a little bit of music sounds. This makes me feel better and relax. Living
in the moment with my songs that take me away from this world. When I do this, I do not think of the hurt I
get in life. It takes this hurt and pain away from me.
Secondly, some people when they are alone or relaxing like to have some beer or whisky to help
them feel better. For me, I like to smoke. This helps me enjoy my time alone in my special place. While Im
doing that, I feel the song and smoke in that car and I feel much better because I start to forget that world.
As you can see, my vehicle is my special place, my music is in my mind, and my cigarettes are
important at that time. All of this is because in this life we sometimes need to be alone.

Censorship on Video Games

By: Meshaal Algreesha (Saudi Arabia)
Video games are hazardous to ones health. The dictionary definition of video games is any various games
played using a microchip-controlled device, as an arcade machine or hand-held toy. There are many different kinds
of video games. Some of them damage the players because those games teach bad behavior to those who play it.
Negative aspects of video games are: they can make children to become isolated from family and friends,
spend too much time, and they may neglect their education. Video games make kids aggressive and the
government should censor them.
Some people said, Video games help children to make a new friends. On other hand video games make
children feel more alone. In addition, if children sit alone to play video games that is an easy way to make them
become unsociable. For example, I read about someone who addicted to play video games. So the writer wrote
that kind of people don't prefer to be sociable with other people and they are always shy. Children who play video
games for up to an hour are happier more than children who don't play it. However, children should limit their time
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to play video game because most of them have school, also they have to spend time with their family and take care
of their health.
I read some people said a video games can improve childrens skills in education, but the video games
make children play a lot and they will neglect their education. Also, children who play video games get lower grades
at school than who don't. When I was in high school, I had a friend who addicted to playing video games, so most
days he was absent. Also, he got lower grades than I got.
The government or parents have to censor video game because it is salient to protect kids behavior
because video games may teach badly. For example, teach them bad language or show them bad behavior.

Is living together before marriage a good thing?

By: Ly Nguyen (Vietnam)
Recently, many couples live before marriage because they feel comfortable and happy when they are
staying and working together everyday, but not all people thing this is a good idea. They disagree with this idea
because they thing living together before marriage may cause a lot of troubles. The following are some reasons
why they disagree with that idea: those who liv e together before marriage might have higher separation and
divorce rates, it negative impacts their children, and some religions and culture do not allow them. But my opinion is
when they live together before marriage they can have a lot of fun and experiences before married life. They might
share the responsibilities, have lower separation and divorce rates, also I think when they have a real love it should
not matter what others thinking and nothing can stop them.
Some people feel that couples must not live together before marriage because they have higher separation
and divorce rates. According to the Journal of marriage and family, living together before marriage have 50 percent
higher separation and divorce rates disruption rate than marriage couples; However, others feel the couple must
live together before marriage and I agree with this idea because they can understand each other. Sometimes it
gives couples the time to accept each others bad habits. Living together is like a test. They can know who love
them and whom they can trust. Living together is about taking and giving love, and over time they might learn how
to live together in peace. Some people want to closer and spend a lot of time to take care and understand each
other they can live together before marriage. Foe example, the girl does not like smokers but her lover is a smoker,
and she must accept that or the boy will quit smoking. In this way they can change or accept each others bad
habits.
On the other hand, some people think living together before marriage makes unhappier marriages,
Pennsylvania State University found that, those who live together were more negative and less positive when
resolving a marital problems and when providing support to their partner. Even though, I think when the couples live
together before marriage they can have a lot of fun together especially they feeling relax when they staying
together. Their life might become wonderful when they live together because they always have time to talking and
sharing their life together. For instance, the couples can go to the movie theater anytime they want, can live at the
same house or invite their friends to come to their for small parties. They can spend a lot of time together like when
they cook for each other, and have dinner together. Also they are still a girlfriend or boyfriend they can spend time
out with their friends not forced as married. They can share the daily work at home like fixing things, cooking,
cleaning house or taking care of the garden. Those are just normal activities but really romantic for the couples
when they do them and share time.
It may be true that living together before marriage negatively impacts their children and some religions do
not allow it. But I think it is not true because when they live together they prepared for the future and the children
too. It should not matter what other people are saying and their children are like a gods gift to them and they must
take care and give their children a normal life, also they should not think they are illegal. It does not impact their
children because now in fact, there is a lot of couples that stay together without even getting married. They can
share the responsibilities for their children and home. They will have busy schedules and feel pleasant with their
life. Some religious do not allow living together before marriage but I think when they have real love how can stop
them.
In conclusion, living together before marriage is a good thing because you can understand each other and
lower separation and divorce rates. Living together before marriage you might have the lively life, experiences for
your life; as well you can share the responsibilities, and have many plans for your future. It should not matter about
10

what other are thinking about you, just live for yourself. If you have real love nothing can stop you. It is good idea
because you can find someone who loves you and you can trust or spend your time to take care them and your
children. You can have more joyful in your life when you staying together with your lover. You can live together
before marriage, its helpful for your life, and also it is a good thing for those who want to have a person can
understand, sympathize each other and build a good life together.

Abortion: Should It Be Allowed Or Not?

By: Ixsa Cubillo Mendoza (Nicaragua)
Through history, abortion has been disowned by the church. For the government, abortion rights even has
not been totally accepted. For example, South Dakota is the only state in the Unites States where abortion is totally
illegal. In the rest of the states of the United States it is legal, still each state may have different rules.
Actually, there are many different kinds of organizations and associations that fight against abortion. They
want the clinics where the abortions are being performed to be closed, and also want the doctors who practice the
the clinics to have their licenses revoked. Abortion is a very sensitive issue and many people are constantly
debating whether or not abortion should be allowed.
Some people think abortion is like committing murder as it is killing the human fetus. They maintain
abortion is murder at the moment of conception a life is created. When a woman has an abortion, she is essentially
murdering her baby. If the child is not wanted, there are other options, such as adoption. If you cannot love your
own child, there are others who can and will love them..
However, many people feel that the women have the right to control their own bodies. If a woman were to
become pregnant, and it would affect her life in a way she was not ready for, who are we to tell her that she has to
carry it to term? Also, say she got raped? Forcing her to carry a child that she might not even love is cruel, both for
the mother and the child. In the case of rape, once the child is born, it would become a constant reminder to the
mother about the rape. She would not love the child, and spurn and hate it, and take her anger out on the child.
According to San Salvador, (Thomson Reuters Foundation) El Salvadors ban on abortion is driving
hundreds of girls who become pregnant after being raped to commit suicide every year because they see no other
option. Many of these girls have not only suffered sexual abuse at the hands of relatives, stepfathers, or gang
members, but they are also often silenced and prevented from seeking help by the stigma surrounding rape.
No child should be subject to the emotional and physical abuse that could occur. Sometimes people make
a mistake, but that mistake should not be able to ruin someones life, especially if they have a bright future ahead of
them. For example, if a teenager gets pregnant, I believe she should get an abortion. Teenagers are not capable of
raising a child themselves without challenge. If they could, why would they still be living with their parents?
In other words, not only teenagers but also adult women who get pregnant should be allowed to get an
abortion. Many times those women are on drugs or how serious problems with alcohol.
It is clear that the most significant reasons for practicing abortion are:
The rejection from the mother to the son
The fetus already has genetic problems
A risk to the life of the mother
The pregnancy is the result of a rape
The mother is a drug addict or alcoholic
In my view, many children have been taken into foster homes that might cause them different types of abuse
such as physical, psychological, and sexual.
I think that abortion has to be considered relative to which stage the fetus is in. If it is in the very early
stages, then it is not murder. But if it has already developed into a large fetus it can be considered as a murder. For
these reasons and many more I am in favor of abortion, and I think it should be legalized in all countries.
In conclusion, abortion is an option. We must see this option as a way to end such suffering for children
who are brought into the world with genetic deformations or children whose parents are drug addicts.
11

Divorce, The Last Option

By: Erika Gonzales (Colombia)
More than 50% of U.S. marriages end in divorce. That makes me sad because the world needs families. It
needs love and tolerance. Divorce has horrible effects on childrens lives. You had better think if you are prepared
for change, not only your life but your childrens also. So, try to keep the love and be more tolerant.
Sometimes your feelings can change as a result of deception. If your partner is unfaithful, maybe it is due
to lack of values, goals or dreams. However one important thing in the marriage is the communication. Some
couples dont communicate, as a result of domestic violence or lack of comprehension. In some cases people
become disappointed because their spouse doesnt have money as a result of their materialistic ways.
Consequently you decide to break the relationship and the family while at the same time its structure,
making society poorer. This affects children with negative outcomes like: school dropouts, increased aggression,
and teenage pregnancy.
So, poverty harms your children. Finally you get loneliness, although today you are young, love is
something that you make step by step for getting a good old age.
Before you get a divorce you should think and try to communicate what you feel. Forget your pride and try
to be humble. Think about your children. Society needs more tolerance, more families that are together. Please
dont be part of the 50% of U.S couples in divorce, be part of the 50% in love.

Smoking
By: Khalid Alabbush (Saudi Arabia)
Smoking is killing!! There are many reasons why people resort to smoking, and many of the choices are
based on the individuals decisions. Smoking is one of the most serious problems today. It is killing the people all
over the world.
Many people start this bad habit because of stress, personal issue and high bold pressure. Some people
began showing off or some people wanted to enjoy it. One cigarette can result in smoking others, which can lead to
major addiction. When someone smokes a cigarette they are not only hurting themselves, but others around them.
Smoking does many horrible things to the human body that most people are not aware of. Almost everyone
knows that smoking causes cancer and heart disease moreover can shorten your life by 10 years or more, and that
the habit can cost a smoker thousand of dollars a year. So why are people still smoking? The answer is a hard
habit to break because tobacco contains nicotine, which is highly addictive. Smoking damages your heart and your
blood circulation, increasing the risk of conditions such as coronary heart disease, heart attack, stroke, and
peripheral vascular disease.
In short, I would like to say that many sessions with a smoker would carry you to the addiction. And
smoking is only death for everything in your body. We must quit this bod habit and nappy on our fitness and our
lives. Smoking causes death.

Diabetes
By: Abdulaziz Hawsawi (Saudi Arabia)
Watch out for the silent thief of health! Diabetes is a slow killer nowadays. High percentages of people all
around the world are affected with diabetes. About 17 million people have diabetes in the U.S. With all these tragic
statistics some are still wandering what diabetes is! There are many causes for diabetes: obesity, hereditary, and
aging is the most common. In addition there are serious consequences for diabetes such as: increasing the
concentration of glucose in blood and major medical problem and other diseases.
In most cases of type 1 diabetes is hereditary, people inherit risk factors from both parents. These factors
most are more common in whites because whites have the highest rate of type 1 diabetes. Another cause for
diabetes is obesity. Obesity is a body mass index of thirty or greater (Overview). Too much fast food, not enough
12

carbohydrates or fiber, and little to no exercise are causing more and more Americans and Europeans to develop
type two diabetes. Getting old is anther causes of diabetes. Since aging reduces the ability of secrete enough
insulin that is needed by the body, it can result in type 2 diabetes.
The effects for diabetes are very dangerous. One of the effects is to make the blood have higher in
glucose, which make the physical activity low and decreases the energy of the body. Moreover, it could make
medical problems. For instance, a diabetes coma makes you lose consciousness or might have a heart attack.
Studies show diabetes has a strong relationship to other diseases such as failed kidneys or serious damage to the
eye.
In brief, there is much more to talk about diabetes. Now the world is more conscious and they know how
they are going to fight this killer that stealing our health.

Cars
By: Sam Nouansabap (Laos)
Watch where you drive! Automobile has been built for about a hundred years. In 2015, there are a lot of
large automobile companies making cars such as Honda, Nissan, and Hyundai. Although there are many reason
why cars are crucial and essential, and many positive and negative effect from cars.
Since the automobile came out, we have been using it to transport, and make everything move easier and
faster. For example, we have been using car for service and sending goods from town to town, state to state, and
country to country; then, we communicate each other by a car. We can use a car to go anywhere we want to go
such as ride a car to travel, visit relative, and also use a car in a personal activities.
Moreover, in the auto business, car companies have made new products every year, and make a good
option for customer. Customer can chose what they like. It makes many jobs for people. For instance, in a big car
company, we need at least a thousand employees to make a car. Therefor, automobile companies use chemicals
in the production process, and it is a main reason to make environment problems. Chemical create a pollution and
effect to air quality. It makes dirty air, and climate change.
In addition, it is makes a traffic jams problems happen in everyday. Because we use a lot of cars. Thereby
a lot of people late to work, lose a job, and lose opportunities. As a result, when we use a car sometime we don't
know what will happen. It might be an accident. Some case is lose a lot of money, disability other than that is death.
All of those reasons are effect to we are life, family, community and also a country.
To sum up, Automobile in American society has both external and internal cause and effect. We should us
it to appropriate need. It is one part of human life and our society. We cannot live without automobile. Automobile is
every important for transportation, business, and communication.

TV Censorship
By: Jennyfer Dang (Vietnam)
Watch whatever you want! Leave my TV alone! Nowadays, when media is become more and more
developed than it used to. There is a lot new information that occurs or dissipates widely daily. Because of
censorship was enacted to restrict what people are allowed or not allowed to see. In general, censorship not only
gives you bad consequence that you will never know but also has good cause and effect.
Almost everything at same point can be placed underneath many category of censorship. Depend on
where you are, how old you are. There will be a category of censorship will be apply on you.
Many people agree that exposing underage children to that which is inappropriate should be considered as
the first cause of censorship. Although adults have freedom to choose what they should watch, it does not mean
children are free to choose what they want. The ways they are thinking or understanding in some category of show
is inappropriate.
13

Somehow religious beliefs also started to value the censorship. Sometimes it is important to control the
information particularly. One way to another way information in wrongly way will be distribute in a tense situation
and can cause many serious consequences.
Beside religion the government also encourages it. As you know security of a nation is extremely
significant. It has been used to guard nation secret that is very important to the survival of a nation.
There are always two sides of one topic. It is the same with censorship. By censorship, media makes
strength the social ties. The government can control the media. Their problem will be safe. Although, it is
intermittent.
Besides getting strength it is also makes weaken the social tie. People are more likely to do what they are
told not to do. As long as it censored as strong people want to break the rule.
On the other hand, as a grow up human. People want to be freedom in thinking and not being controlled by
anything especially on watch they are watching daily. This has been their entertainment for long time. Because of
that they do not feel comfortable when they are censored. Imagine when you are studying abroad and people talk
about Facebook but you do not have any idea about what is that because of censored.
All in all, censorship is quite sensitive. This topic not only has a bright side but also has dark side. No one
wants to be lost in the other peoples topic. We always want to keep up with. So why let us do whatever we want.

Obesity
By: Jiwon Kim (South Korea)
One out of five children are overweight or obese in the US! In 1998, 7% of children 6-11 years were obese.
It increased for 18% in 2012. The percentage of obesity teenagers is continuing to rise. The biggest problem is that
the number is continuing to rise. Also, obese children are more likely to be obese when they grow up. There are
some factors make people obese. Generally we think obesity has many problem in society, so many people try to
avoid it. Also, obesity has many negative effects. We are going to find out cause and effect of obesity.
We havent had lack of food recently. But the history we can take enough food isnt long. Recent
researchers say our body hasn't gotten used to taking much calories. Humans body storages fat on part of it when
it has extra calories, which we didn't use. Nowadays we eat too much food. Beside, our food in daily life has much
fat and sugar. For instant, we have fast
good, which contains high levels of ft.
And, in the US, especially in southern
the part, most sweets have a lot of
sugar. Our body cant consume fat and
sugar so it stores it in our bodies. It
became one of the reason of obesity.
Lack of exercise is a big reason
of obesity. We have adapted to not
move our body more than in the past.
One-research shows car using has
increased extremely, the number of
vehicle registrations was 75 million in
1960 became 150 million in 1980. It
increased to 250 million in
2010(SOURCE: FHWA). Not only has
the number of cars increased, but also
motor gasoline consumption increased
from 60 million gallons in 1960, to over
100 billion gallons in 1980. After 2010 it
peaked.
14

WRITING SIX
The Importance of Doing Unpleasant Work
By: Alawiyyah Alsaeedi (Saudi Arabia)
Lets work! Our life does not have any meaning without working. With work makes our life more beautiful
even if we work that thing we do not enjoy with. However, sometimes people should do things they never enjoy with
because they want to improve, to have goal in their life, and to be successful.
Almost most people do not like to work even though they still work because of importance of work, people
continues working. In contrast, there are hardness and challenged in any work but with work we achieve our goal
and our happiness, and with work achieve our dreams.
In addition, sometimes we have to do kind of work we are never enjoyable with because it is necessary.
For example, children do not like to go to school or do their homework but they should go to their school and do
their homework because they are necessary for their future and for their brain. Because our brain requirement
these things to be active and to improve, and they need to go to school since without school, they will not have a
bright future in their future. Additionally, we also do not like clean up home or wash dishes or our clothes but we
have to do them because also they are necessary for our life or our life will be mass and we will not be able to
complete our life.
In conclusion, our life is beautiful with its hardness times. So, we should sometimes do things we never
enjoy with but we do them because of imported in our life and because with them will achieve our dreams in future.

Trying New Things

By: Mohammed Qerisha (Saudi Arabia)
Try new things even if you dont enjoy it! Some of us just like to do activities which are fun, but in fact there
are many activities can be more fun if we do it. such as hiking, read books, and do exercise at home. In my opinion,
trying new things might help many people to get experience, relaxing, and open mind. We should do new things.
Try new things can help you to know everything around you and getting experience. For example, you went to
hike with your friends and you didnt like it, but after you finished you saw everything around you new like trees, and
many mountains . In fact, you used to stay home and enjoy your own activities without fun. Thats not good at all.
we have to do something which can help us to enjoy and learn.
Trying new things can make you relax; have you ever try to read books even if you dont like it? some of us
may say no I dont have time because I like to play video games that make me happier more than reading books.
But reading books make you relax. Imagine that you read history books and read about your country in the past you
may feel proud of your country or read about your major and you read about famous people like your major. What
is your feeling? relaxing or stress!. You may feel happy and relax at the same time.
In short, if you like to feel relax and get experience or have open brain, try to do something new even if you dont
interesting in. Try new things make us more proud and know about everything around us. We should do it as much
as we can to be more successful in our life. Lets try new things.

The Most Important Skill for Success

By: T. M. Anh Le (Vietnam)
Life is a special place where people try hard to exist. The world hasn't ever stopped continuing. Society is
developing day by day. The opportunity of people to be successful deceases; so, the skills of people who want to
success are so important. Many happening will happen to our life that makes people want to give up. The most
important skill a person should learn in order to be successful in the world today is to never give up. It's essential to
learn from experience and try hard to get what people want; people should learn how to never give up.
15

Its good to learn from experience if you dont give up. You just certainly fail when you give up. For
example, students can fail their exam, because they don't arrange their lesson the day before. But, they will learn
from their mistake to prepare for the re-test; students don't have to be perfect. Furthermore, its useful when you
give yourself the opportunity to practice to be successful. Most people cannot get everything they want in the first
time. Therefore, the process to be successful is more important; its foundation for their live long.
Also, people shouldn't give up easily because they fail; they have to try harder. Maybe the first time you
don't try all your best, so it's the reason for failing the first time. Its conventional for people go wrong; people can
learn more and prepare carefully for the next time. Practicing is a key to get what people want. Moreover, people
arent intelligent when they were born; they have to be supported by their parent. Thus, if you don't give up, your
chance is still in the front of you to be successful.
However, people have to consider themselves to make their decision, because occasionally people have to
give up something which is not their ability; people have to observe their situation before deciding.
Being successful in the world today is not easy for everyone. No one starts in the same beginning, the
same way, and the same condition. So, to never give up is the most important skill for people. If you have your own
purpose and plan to do it, just do it. Remembering, nobody is perfect; people cant be successful without mistake,
breaking down or practice. The important thing is you have to learn from your fault and make it be your own
foundation.

Abstract: The Downfalls of Tipping

By: Ezequiel Ossemane (Mozambique)
Most of the people that earn minimum wages rely on tips to live, but some societies dont support the idea
of tipping. Studies assert that technologies and high percentage of tipping are behind of bad practice of gratuity.
th
Tipping started in Europe around 17 century, and began spread widely in United States after Civil war when
wealthy Americans traveled around the world. Now, tipping is a controversial issue in U.S due to social problems
which it brings for customers and servers. In the future, the amount of tipping will decrease because some
restaurants are adopting the new app that allows the customers to go to the restaurants without money or credit
cards (follow the same idea of Uber). Some employers need to start thinking about how to help employees raises
their wages without relying on external sources.

Unemployment in the Middle East

By: Hassan Almutawa (Saudi Arabia)
At present, there are son many unemployed people in the Middle East so that this issue is creating many
problems among countries. Unemployment can be made by different factors between communities and
governments. Moreover, economy forms peoples world; what follows it goes forward. Its original goal is to develop
peoples lives. Even though the economy is a major of a finite ecosystem that supports Middle East government,
countries fix it as real in a empty, thereby skipping its intellectual relation of connection with the environment
(Gatzia). In my research, it will be indicated that unemployment is a huge problem in countries of the middle east.
Educated citizens may be a factor, which can cause unemployment. Education is not providing careers for
young Middle East citizens who are learned. However, there is not fields that are vital where the employment
opportunities are a lot of citizens say, "young people are hedonistic, young people are Westernized, young people
are lazy." However, they are supposed to see what kinds of choices the governments have created to help those
citizens in ways that they are going to get the ability and the capability to figure out their jobs (Babb).

16

This graph shows the global youth unemployment among different countries in the world. According to this
graph Middle East has the highest percentage of youth unemployment in the world which contain nearly 30%. North
Africa and the European Union have similar percentages which show that North Africa has 24% and European
Union has 22%. South and East of Asia have same percentage youth unemployment which contains 9%. In
addition, the United States has a lower percentage of youth unemployment than the Middle East. In sum, the
Middle East has a large percentage of youth unemployment in the world which means that many people in the
Middle East are able to experience terrible thing in their countries in order to stay alive (Coleman).
In addition, Middle East countries are usually found at the lowest of unemployed tables. However, Arab
countries control the world in youth unemployment. Over 26.5 percent of youth are unemployed in the Middle East,
which is twice the global average of 12.5 percent. In addition, Middle East citizen who graduate from law and
engineering have been career hunting for months, and no longer experience. The aim of take what youre given is
getting income, and occupied for experience in place of pay (Al-Wazir).
Unemployment can be created by a dissatisfied economy. When media depiction of Arab economies as
improvement an industrial mature familiar the United Nations Human Development stated list many of these
countries, unemployment will be increased between citizens. Moreover, the range of economic problems accounted
for the large dissatisfaction which has been on display throughout the Arab modern life. As a result, many people in
Arab societies have quit their jobs and are losing their properties (Salehi).
Furthermore, the worldwide society has lately seen
the greater Middle East go to one of its most confused erratic
periods since the Cold War. In addition, Middle Eastern citizen
movements have hoped for development, but years later the
Middle East and North Africa are still in a continual cycle of
governmental and economic alternation. As a result, the
unemployment rate in the Middle East has stayed at 26.2%
and 27.1% in Northern Africa, leaving approximately 14 to 15
million people in this region searching for careers (Simmons).
Even though a lot of the Arab societys challenges of
the status in rank quo have been peaceful, Arab governments
have chosen to discharge baneful force in their efforts to avoid
any disturbances, rather than acknowledging alarms for talking
and correcting unemployment. In addition, Arab economies
are affected by some governments which may avoid some
persons to buy without taxes. Therefore, unemployment can
be increased (Aman and J.Jayreo).
Table chart shows that many countries in middle east
have different percentage of unemployment. Red table mention those citizens who are willing to get private sector
jobs and silver table mention those citizens who are willing to get public sector jobs. Bahrain has the largest
percentage of citizen willing to get private sector jobs unemployment which have 73 %, and Kuwait has second
percentage of citizen who want to get private sector jobs unemployment that contain 71%. Even though Saudi
Arabia has many plans to avoid unemployment, this
country got 60% of citizen who get private sector jobs ,
and 17% of of people who willing to get public sector
jobs . Egypt has 53% of private sector jobs citizen and
other people who live in Egypt have 10%. In sum, there
are many countries which have different percentages,
are mentioned but the familiar countries that have a
large percentage of unemployment (Mottaghi).
In sum, the countries of the middle east have
huge issues that harmfully affect their communities.
There are many aspects that may create unemployment
such as education, the youth of unemployment, or
society. Indeed, some governments have plans which
can help them solve this problem, or at least avoid it.
17

Works Cited
Al-Wazir, Yara "What about the Middle Easts unemployed graduates?" Website: Friday, 11 October 2013 , 11 June
2015. <http://english.alarabiya.net/en/views/news/middle-east/2013/10/11/What-about-the-Middle-East-s-unemployedgraduates-.html>
Aman, Mohammed M., and Tina J. Jayroe. "ICT, social media, and the Arab transition to democracy: from venting to
acting." Digest of Middle East Studies 22.2 (2013): 317+. Academic OneFile. Web. 28 May 2015.
<http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA
353211801&v=2.1&u=tel_s_tsla&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w&asid=80aa7e8c726de157b68335c5080a8ce1>
Babb, Carla "Major Reasons for Youth Unemployment in the Middle East" Website: August 24, 2010, Voanews.com 10
June 2015. <http://www.voanews.com/content/major-reasons-for-youth-unemployment-in-the-middle-east101524994/168855.html>
Coleman, Isobel "Youth Unemployment in the Middle East and North Africa" Website: June 13, 2013 , Tue. 9 June
2015. <http://blogs.cfr.org/coleman/2013/06/13/youth-unemployment-in-the-middle-east-and-north-africa/>
Simmons, Kameron. "Unemployment isnt working: the Arab Stabilization Plan and unemployment in the Middle East"
americansecurityproject.org: Feb 12, 2014, 10 June 2015. <http://www.americansecurityproject.org/unemployment-isnt-workingthe-arab-stabilization-plan-and-the-jobs-crisis-in-the-middle-east/>
Salehi-Isfahani, Djavad. "Education, jobs, and equity in the middle East and North Africa." Comparative Economic
Studies 54.4 (2012): 843+. Academic OneFile. Web. 28 May
2015.<http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA313011575&v=2.1&u=tel_s_tsla&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w&asid=95217bc81
721d1786ebc0b4a97aeeebe>
Mottaghi, Lili. "The Problem of Unemployment in the Middle East and North Africa Explained in Three Charts"
08/25/2014. Website: 6 June 2015. <http://blogs.worldbank.org /arabvoices/problem-unemployment-middle-east-and-northafrica-explained-three-charts>

Strategies for Learning Vocabulary

By: Hussain Rashed (Saudi Arabia)
Vocabulary is a very important part of any language. Indeed, vocabulary is the core of the language.
Therefore, it is essential that foreign language learners strengthen themselves in this area. However, usually
students do not learn vocabulary by a direct way, and they have the largest responsibility to pick up vocabulary on
their own without any guidance. There is a Chinese proverb which states, Give a man a fish and you feed him for a
day; teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime. This research paper will explain how to acquire vocabulary
by giving strategies which are classified in three groups: conventional strategies, connection strategies, and context
strategies.
Conventional Strategies
From the subtitle it is understood that these strategies are word lists, flashcards
and traditional, dictionary use (Oxford, Crookall). Although conventional strategies are
prevalent among students, they require a huge effort and little impact if used alone.
Word Lists Strategy
This strategy is based on listing vocabulary regardless of context. This way
makes vocabulary learning difficult and not memorable. Even so, there is a lot of
evidence that proves that even without a sentence context one can learn a considerable
number of words in a short time and retain them for a long time (Nation).
Flashcards Strategy
This strategy is based on preparing small cards (around 3x4 inches) and putting
the word or phrase that you want to learn on one side and the meaning on the other side. Research indicates that
learning is generally better when the meaning is written in the first language of learners (Nation). However, another
evaluation finds that the flashcard approach is limited in value for most student unless they add more strategies on
the flashcards as we will see in the second category (Oxford, Crookall).
Dictionary Strategy
This is another kind of traditional strategy to learn vocabulary. We use this technique by looking up the
meaning of new words in a reference book which is containing the meaning.
Research indicates that the physical action of looking up the word helps learners memorize the meaning. However,
using a dictionary could obstruct the ability of students inference skills based on context and decline performance
in reading (Oxford, Crookal).
These are the traditional strategies for studying vocabulary. The following will
present different approaches which have been given by William Holden in the article
18

Learning to Learn:1 5 Vocabulary Acquisition Activities from Modern English Teacher.

Connection Strategies
The key to learning vocabulary is holding it in ones imagination. Students need to just link the new words
with something they can memorize easily (Hancock). The next strategies give us the ways to connect the
vocabulary by various methods.
Elaboration Strategy
According to Holden, this strategy is based on connecting new information or words to previous information
or experiences one already knows or has. Holden mentions an interesting example which for describing the
weather endeavor to imagine an experience during that type of weather, or conceive a part of the world where that
kind of weather is common. Also, one students could imagine what the sky looks like during that kind of weather,
what the land looks like in that region, the times of the year when that kind of weather occurs , etc. there are more
benefits from this strategy when there is a strong relation based on personal experience.
For example: arid - deserts: North Africa, China, Australia, US, KSA.
frigid - polarregions: Arctic & Antarctic.
sultry - tropical areas in Africa, Asia, South America (Holden).
Although the elaboration strategy sometimes slows downs or limits possible
meanings of the word, it makes vocabulary learning easier and longer-lasting, according
to Cohen and Apher who studied the elaboration method (Oxford, Crookall).
Imagery Strategy
According to Holden, this strategy can be used by making strong connections between the word phrase
that students want to remember and an imaginary picture. That picture does not have the same meaning of the
word, but reminds students strongly of the word. This image differs from one person to another because their
experience is different. For instance, for many Americans, the word freedom may be connected with the Statue of
Liberty, but for some people the image for this word might be connected with the freedom of speech and the right to
express oneself freely.
For example: sleek = a new red Ferrari.
justice = the arrest of a notorious criminal.
love = a mother holding a child close (Holden).
Constructing visual imagery is a very essential tool to retain words more efficiently than using just word alone.
Moreover, the vast majority of learning is primarily visual learning. Roughly 94% of all people are at an acceptable
level at using visual imagery, despite not using it to learn (Oxford, Crookall).
Keyword Strategy
This strategy is based on creating sounds which link the new word or phrase and a word that has similar
sounds in the first language of the learner. For example, an Arab student who has just learned the English word
abstain might think of the sound in an
Arabic context, and make an English sentence like Abu Hussain always abstain himself from my method
(Holden). A lot of research supports this technique in foreign language vocabulary acquisition. However, this
technique may not be perfect because the new word in the target language might not sound exactly like the familiar
word in the first language (Oxford, Crookall).
Location Strategy
To use this strategy, given by Holden, think of a place or a route that students are very familiar with.
Connect the parts or sections of place (for example your room or the objects on the table or the stores and houses
along a street) with a new word students have learned. For instance, on students way to school connect each shop
that they pass along the street with a word; later, when they recall the shops in order, recall the words that they
matched them with. In order to enhance words, students should repeat this process when they pass the shops.
Matching a word that students want to learn with the shop or place by rhythm like (grocery - bravery) or the
similarity (restaurant - waiter) (Holden).
Grouping Strategy
This strategy, which is also mentioned by Holden, is based on dividing a list of words into categories or
groups by using a common feature as a criterion to divide the list. For example, consider the grammatical function
(noun, verb, adjective, etc.), topic (weather, school, personality, etc.), language function (apology, request,
permission, etc.), opposites, or even words that start with the same letter (i.e. A words, B words, and so on).
Examples from Holden: personality - friendly, outgoing, shy, quiet
opposites - hot/cold, tall/short, near/far, open/close
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verbs - hasten, release, prevent

An example from the author: function - extend, expand, accelerate, intensify, reinforce.
Narrative Strategy
To use this strategy obtained from Holden, students need to create a stage that contains the new words
which they want to learn, and then they endeavor to visualize the actions or image of each word. It is helpful to
rewrite the story later for checking how many of the words you remember. For example, if students target words to
remember are livid, stain, rug, relief, wipe and sudden; they may use the peg strategy below to picture an (1)
expensive Persian (2) rug. Then conceive that grape juice has been spilled on it by someone, (3) staining it. The
owner (4) becomes very angry, (5) livid. The person who spilled the juice runs to bring something to (6) wipe it up
with. To the owners (7) relief the rug is not damaged (Holden).
Peg Strategy
As Holden has mentioned in his research, to use this method connect new words with a sequence of words
(the peg) that has a specific order and that can be remembered automatically. For example, if students want to
learn words related to the weather, they might think of the day of the week (the peg) (Monday, Tuesday,
Wednesday, ) and connect them with a certain type of weather (Monday, muggy; Tuesday, torpid; Wednesday,
windy; Thursday, thundering, etc.) Afterward construct a picture in their mind of the sky on such a day. They can
use other kinds of pegs as months of the year, the names of friends, colleagues and relatives. Also you can use the
room of the house, the parts of a car, or anything you like as a peg (Holden).
Physical Response Strategy
The physical response strategy is given by Holden and based on moving the body or part of it in order to
reflect the meaning of a word. For example, for the word tiptoe, students may walk on their tiptoe or prowl like a
thief in the night (Holden). The theory of this technique claims that the language can be learned better when words
are connected with physical movement. However, there is one problem that the physical response strategy does
not handle abstract nouns well (Oxford, Crookall).
Semantic Mapping Strategy
In this strategy, target is the new word and students attempt to connect this word with a group of words so
that these words have relation with the new word. For example, if students are learning the word friends, then you
can put friend - chat, study, have lunch, play sports (Holden).
In spite of all benefits of the semantic mapping strategy, it does not usually illustrate the specific relationship among
the word in a group. For example, a group of car words may contain carburetor, gas cap, crank shaft, battery, hood,
seat, oil, gauge, etc,, but there is no clear relation between them (Oxford, Crookall).
Spatial Grouping Strategy
In this strategy, try to construct a picture by using words. For instance:
All of these, the conventional
and connection strategies
represented above treat naked words.
Unfortunately dealing with words with
no context is not sufficient for
vocabulary growth (Oxford, Crookall).
Therefore, students need to learn
vocabulary in the context.
Context Strategy
Learning through context
means learning through reading,
listening, speaking, and writing. In
fact, according to I.S.P. Nation in his
book Learning Vocabulary in Another
Language, the most important sources of vocabulary learning is via guessing the meaning of the target word from
context. Moreover, many studies show that to master a word, you have to see and use it in various contexts (Nist).
However, there are important conditions for this kind of learning which are indicated in Nations book. For more
information about that conditions, see Chapter Seven of Nations book Learning Vocabulary in Another Language.
We are human and have different ways thinking and aptitude. Moreover, everyone has his preferred
method to memorize vocabulary, and there is no standard way to retain vocabulary. All strategies given above are
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considered as aids to reinforce and establish vocabulary in the mind. We may wonder about the speed of retention
and the strength of our enhanced vocabulary when we incorporate multiple strategies. No doubt that the context
strategy in addition to some of your other preferred strategies will curtail the time in order to get your goal.
Works Cited
Holden,William R. Learning to learn:15 vocabulary Acquisition Activities Tips and
Hints. Modern English Teacher; v8 n2 1999 p42-47. 1999-01-00
Hancock, Jonathan. Maximize your Memory. China: Piers Spence. 2000.
Nation, I.S.P. Learning Vocabulary in Another Language. Cambridge: Cambridge,
Nist, Sherrie. Improving Vocabulary Skills. Nj:Townsend Press, 2010.
Oxford, Crookall. Vocabulary Learning: A Critical Analysis of Techniques. TESL
CANADA JOURNAL/ REVUE TESL DU CANADA VOL. 7, NO. 2, MARCH 1990.

How Does Your Public Image Differ From Your Private Self
By: Renad Alharbi (Saudi Arabia)
Fake people are judgmentalyou do not want to deal with them anymore. But why? People all the time
judge you like they desire, but not always; some people distinguish you after they know you individually your
personality will emerge quickly. That happens when we talk about normal personality as the result of their traits
being clear and people having satisfaction with themselves but there are another kind of people who do not give
you an obvious image about them; there are different faces behind their talk and their actions.
For me, a lot of people see me outside like inside, especially if they know me for a long time. Maybe some
people do not recognize me very well. Maybe because I am a shy person and I love to show my real personality to
the people who are close to me.
Second, in some situations you must deal and pretend with good manners and you have to smile and be
polite. You cannot laugh with a loud voice or talk with an open mouth. On the other hand, when you are in a party
with your close friends, you can do what ever you want. For these reasons, I think people might allude to the fact
that my image differs from them.
In conclusion, people must show their right personality and they must not care about the opinions of another
people. It is not important since you do not do anything wrong. And we must stop judging the personality of the
people instead of improving our personality which has a lot of mistakes. We are human in the end, but we must
resolve the curve in our own soul and after that we can talk about other people if we want.

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