CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
A. Background
Plants have characteristic move to follow external stimuli. This motion
is called motion tropism. Motion tropism in plants is influenced by many
stimuli, one stimulus is sunlight. Motion plants follow the sun called
gravitropism.
One example gravitropism event that the plant is placed in the house
and close to the window where the sunlight into the house. Gradually the
terminal part of plant stems will grow and move towards the exit window.
This is related to the needs of the plants to sunlight is a source of energy for
plants to perform photosynthesis. In addition to these factors, if it is associated
with the influence of the motion of the plant hormone auxin out of the
window means that part of the plant that are not exposed to sunlight trying to
protect the plants are exposed to sunlight. Relation to the hormone auxin ie,
hormone auxin work will be hampered if exposed to sunlight. Then the other
plant parts are not exposed to sunlight to make adjustments.
Dandelion plant is a herbaceous plant that has green stems. Green
colored bars mean that the stem of the plant is also able to perform the process
of photosynthesis. Dandelion plants have the ability to adapt and follow the
external stimuli quickly. Therefore, the dandelion plant stems can be used as
an indicator of the occurrence of gravitropism as dandelion stem will move to
follow the sun as needed to light for the photosynthetic.
B. Purpose
Based on the above background, this experiment aims to determine the
motion gravitropism the dandelion plant stem.
C. Benefit

This experiment is expected to provide insight to the students on the

motion gravitropism the dandelion plant stems as one of the plants that do
gravitropism motion.

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Diversity antarklon happened also caused by the presence and concentration
of inhibitor compound root growth. Auxin transport inhibitors are compounds
fitotropin group among others NPA (N-1-napthylphthalamic acid). NPA reported to
inhibit the formation of roots (0.05 m), inhibits the response gravitropik (> 0.05 m),
inhibits root elongation P. vulgaris (1 m) (Rashotte et al., In Setyaningtyas, 2011).
Motion is one of the characteristics of each organism's life activity
(Bidlack and Jansky in Pramesti, 2014).
However, in contrast to the kingdom animalia organisms which generally can
move where, plant tied to one place so that the motion to respond to stimuli from the
environment is done by moving most of its constituent organs. The movement allows
the plant to adapt and to determine the exact position in absorbing nutrients and
energy from the environment. The motion shown by these plants is slow enough to be
observed in langsung.Meskipun demikianpada some species there is also a movement
that can be observed clearly (Loveles in Pramesti, 2014).
Assessment of motion in plants began much done by Darwin. It is intended to
explain the behavior of evolution in plants. But Darwin opinion that says that in the
beginning the response of plants in the form of the motion is the result of the
evolution of the organ that resembles a plant otakpada not approved by plant
biologists, especially when assessed from the point of view of phsycology plants
(Whippo and Hangarter in Pramesti, 2014).
Direction of motion control plant roots toward the center of the earth
(gravitropism), while the plant in an electric field 10 kV/m and 15 kV/m direction of
motion of the roots bend toward the opposite pole to the nearest pole plant. Plants that
are close to the positive pole roots toward the direction of motion to the negative pole
and vice versa. Plants in the electric field of 20 kV/m direction of movement toward

the positive pole roots, while the plant in an electric field 25 kV/m direction of
motion of the roots toward the negative pole. This bending occurs due to an electric
field affects the transport of ions in plants, such as calcium. The electric fields that
affect the movement of calcium resulted in a change of direction of motion root.
Calcium is involved in gravitropism root (Najibah, 2013).
Tropism is a growing movement that is caused entirely by an external partner.
Stimuli that produce tropical clear response can be determined and the specific role of
growth factors can be known. If the motion is approaching the source of the stimuli is
called positive trophies, and if away from the so-called negative trophies. Tropism
can be distinguished based on the excitement that is phototropism caused by light;
geotropisme with stimulation force of gravity; thigmo tropism with stimulation of
touch; chemotropisme with stimuli in the form of chemical substances and others.
Tropism positive response could be negative. Resapon positive if the parts of the
plant growing in the opposite direction. Negative response if the parts of the plant
growing in the opposite direction of arrival of the stimulus (Noggle in Heddy, 2010).

CHAPTER III
OBSERVATION METHOD
A. Time and Date
Day/Date
: Wednesday/May 27th 2015
Time
: at 01.30-04.00 pm.
Place
: Laboratory of Biology Department
B. Tools and Materials
1. Tools
a. Plastic pipette

b. Razors or scissors

c. Graph paper

d. Ruler or protactor
2. Materials
a. Dandelions scape (stem) or something like dandelions:

b. Blu-tak

C. Work Procedure
1. Prepare the dandelions, cut the leaf of plant.

2. Took a plastic pipette and snip of the end at a point where it is just wide
enough to insert the base of dandelions.

3. Fill the pipette with water by holding it under a tap

4. Push the base of the stem into the pipette which had been push by blu tak
the top.

5. Gently push blu-tak around the stem and the pipette to prevent water
leaking out.

6. Cut the flower

7. Put it horizontally and take graph paper behind and observed the changes
of the tip o plant

CHAPTER IV
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
A. Result
Table of observation result
No
1
2
3
4
5
6

Minutes to05
6 10
11 15
16 20
21 25
26 30

Exchange
0,5
-

B. Discussion
At this experiment we observe the motion on dandelion stems that follow the
sun. Motion plants follow the sun called gravitropism.
We use a dandelion stem as independent variable as a dandelion stem
herbaceous green stems. Herbaceous stems means that the stem is wet and
contains a lot of water. Green means the rods of the rod capable of performing
photosynthesis as a process to produce food for the entire plant body.
We observed dandelion stems cut first and place it in a water-filled pipette.
Rod placed in a water-filled pipette so that the stem still get the nutrients from
the water as the main ingredient of photosynthesis. Rod that had been cut and

placed in water-filled pipette is then placed near the window where the entry
of sunlight for 30 minutes. Sunlight is one source of energy for photosynthesis
in plants.
Based on the results of experiments we did, dandelion stems not
experience a significant change in motion. Only rod motion changes in the
first 5 minutes during the observation. After the stem just static. This happens
because the sunlight when we do experiments were dimmed so that the effect
is not significant.

CHAPTER V
CLOSING
A. Conclusion

Gravitropism, or response to gravity, causing the roots to move in the

direction of gravity, or fall into the ground, to achieve water and minerals. It
also causes the rod to move away from the gravity, so that the leaves and
stems would be in a position to catch the light.
B. Suggestion
We expect the practitioner who will perform on the microscale
investigations on karrikin experiment to first read the guide and materials that
related to this unit, so that the experiment will be running well.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bidlack dan Jansky dalam Pramesti. 2014. ANALISIS MATERI GERAK PADA
TUMBUHAN DALAM BUKU TEKS IPA SMP/MTS KELAS VIII. UIN Sunan
Kalijaga. Yogyakarta.
Loveles dalam Pramesti. 2014. ANALISIS MATERI GERAK PADA TUMBUHAN
DALAM BUKU TEKS IPA SMP/MTS KELAS VIII. UIN Sunan Kalijaga.
Yogyakarta.

Najibah, Marisatun. 2013. EFEK MEDAN LISTRIK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN

TANAMAN CABAI RAWIT (Capsicum frutescens L.). Jurusan Fisika Fakultas
Matematika Dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Jember. Jember.
Noggle in Heddy. 2010. Introductor Plant Physiology. New Delhi : Mall of India
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Prawoto, Arifin, Bachri dan Setyaningtyas. Peranan auksin dan iklim mikro dalam
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Whippo dan Hangarter dalam Pramesti. 2014. ANALISIS MATERI GERAK PADA
TUMBUHAN DALAM BUKU TEKS IPA SMP/MTS KELAS VIII. UIN Sunan
Kalijaga. Yogyakarta.