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** Table Of Contents **
IEEE P1547/D07
Draft Standard for Interconnecting Distributed
Resources with Electric Power Systems
Sponsored by the
IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 21 (IEEE SCC21) on
Fuel Cells, Photovoltaics, Dispersed Generation, and Energy Storage
of the IEEE Standards Association
Copyright
2001 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.
TOC-Page i
2
8
8
8
8
2.0
REFERENCES
3.0
DEFINITIONS
10
4.0
13
4.1
General Requirements
4.1.1
Voltage Regulation
4.1.2
Integration with Area Electric Power System Grounding
4.1.2.1 Three-Wire Area EPS Systems.
4.1.2.2 Four-Wire Area EPS Systems.
4.1.3
Synchronization
4.1.4
Distributed Resources on Distribution Secondary Grid and Spot Networks
4.1.5
Inadvertent Energization of, and Reconnection to Area EPS
4.1.5.1 Inadvertent Energization
4.1.5.2 Reconnection after Area EPS Outage
4.1.6
Monitoring
4.1.7
Isolation Device
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
4.2
15
15
16
16
16
17
4.3
Power Quality
4.3.1
Limitation of DC Injection
4.3.2
Limitation of Voltage Flicker Induced by the DR
4.3.3
Harmonics
4.3.4
Immunity Protection
4.3.5
Surge Capability
17
17
17
17
18
18
4.4
Islanding
4.4.1
4.4.2
18
18
18
5.0
Unintentional Islanding
Intentional Islanding
19
Copyright
2001 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.
TOC-Page ii
5.1
Interconnection Test
5.1.1
Synchronization
5.1.2
Response to Abnormal Voltage and Frequency
5.1.3
Loss of Synchronism
5.1.4
Limitation of DC Injection
5.1.5
Harmonics
5.1.6
Immunity Protection
5.1.7
Surge Capability
5.1.8
Unintentional Islanding
19
19
20
20
21
21
22
22
22
5.2
Production Tests
22
5.3
22
22
23
23
23
5.4
Commissioning Tests
5.4.1
Protective Function Tests
5.4.2
Verification of Final Protective Settings Test
5.4.3
Trip test
5.4.4
In-service Test
5.4.5
Hardware or Software Changes
5.4.6
Flicker Test
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
5.5
25
ANNEX A (INFORMATIVE)
CONDITIONS
A.1
A.2
A.3
A.4
A.5
27
A.5.1
A.5.2
28
29
ANNEX B (INFORMATIVE)
31
ANNEX C (INFORMATIVE)
BIBLIOGRAPHY
35
(end draft7)
Copyright
2001 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.
TOC-Page iii
PCC
PCC
Point of DR
Connection
Load
Local EPS 1
DR unit
Local EPS 2
PCC
Point of DR
Connection
DR unit
Load
Local EPS 3
Note: Dashed lines are EPS boundaries. There can be any number of Local EPSs.
3.1
area electric power system operator (Area EPS Operator): the organization or company that is
responsible for designing, building, operating and maintaining the Area EPS.
3.2
3.3
distributed generation (DG): electric generation facilities connected to an Area EPS through a PCC; a
subset of DR.
3.4
distributed resources (DR): sources of electric power that are not directly connected to a bulk power
transmission system. DR includes both generators and energy storage technologies. (See Figures 1 and 2).
3.5
electric power system (EPS): facilities that deliver electric power to a load. Note: This can include
generation units. (See Figure 1).
3.6
electric power system, area (Area EPS): an electric power system (EPS) that serves Local EPSs. Note.
Typically, an Area EPS that normally has primary access to public rights-of-way, priority crossing of property
boundaries, etc., and is subject to regulatory oversight. (See Figure 1)
3.7
electric power system, local (Local EPS): an EPS contained entirely within a single premises or group of
premises. (see Figure 1).
Copyright
2001 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.
TOC-Page iv
3.8
3.9
interconnection: the result of the process of adding a DR unit to an Area EPS. (see Figure 2).
DR unit
Area EPS
Interconnection
System
3.11
interconnection system: the collection of all interconnection equipment, taken as a group, used to
interconnect a DR unit(s) to an Area EPS. (see Figure 2).
3.12
interconnection test: a test or series of tests on a representative sample(s) of DR units, or DR unit
components, or interconnection system, or interconnection equipment. These tests may be performed in the factory,
at a testing laboratory, or on equipment in the field.
3.13
inverter: a machine, device, or system that changes direct-current power to alternating-current power.
3.14
inverter, line-interactive: an inverter or inverter operating mode intended for parallel operation with
an EPS.
3.15
island: a condition in which a portion of an Area EPS is energized solely by one or more Local EPSs
through the associated PCCs while that portion of the Area EPS is electrically separated from the rest of the Area
EPS.
3.16
3.17
3.18
3.19
3.20
1)
point of common coupling (PCC): the point where a Local EPS is connected to an Area EPS. (See Figure
3.21
point of distributed resources connection (point of DR connection): the point where a DR unit is
electrically connected in an EPS. (See Figure 1)
3.22
reactive power: the reactive power is defined as the square root of the square of the apparent power minus
the square of the active power. Reactive power is developed when there are inductive, capacitive, or nonlinear
elements in the system.
3.23
secondary injection testing: a method in which low-level signals obtained from current and voltage signal
generators are injected into a power system protective device to test device response.
3.24
simulated utility: an assembly of variable frequency and variable voltage test equipment used to simulate a
normal utility source.
Copyright
2001 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.
TOC-Page v
3.25
stiffness ratio: the stiffness ratio is calculated at the PCC, except when there is a transformer(s) dedicated
to one customer in which case the stiffness ratio is calculated on the high-voltage side of the dedicated
transformer(s).
stiffness ratio = SC kVA (Area EPS) + SC kVA (DR) =
SC kVA (DR)
Where:
SC kVA (Area EPS) = the short circuit contribution in kVA of the Area EPS (including all other sources),
and
SC kVA (DR) = the short circuit contribution in kVA of the DR in question.
3.26
transformer, interface: a transformer that connects the Local EPS to the Area EPS.
3.27
voltage-controlled overcurrent relay: an overcurrent protective relay in which the operation is supervised
by the voltage level. At normal voltage, the relay is blocked from operating. The relay is permitted to operate when
the measured voltage drops below a set threshold, as during a fault. The voltage control feature allows the relay
overcurrent pickup setting to be more sensitive than would be possible with a plain overcurrent relay.
3.28
voltage-restrained overcurrent relay: a protective relay in which the pickup and tripping times are
affected by the voltage. This type of relay is used in applications where it is desirable to have the relay change to a
lower pickup current and faster tripping curve during conditions where the voltage is lower than normal.
Copyright
2001 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.
TOC-Page vi