Ecommerce

E-commerce popularly known as Electronic Commerce refers to buying and selling

of goods and services through networks like internet. Modern e-commerce uses
world wide web at least at one point in transaction life cycle. E-commerce is deemd
as core aspect og e-business and is considered to be essential in conducting
business efficiently and smoothly.

Products
Ecommerce offers variety of products which are listed below.

Mobile commerce
electronic funds transfer
supply chain management
Internet marketing
online transaction processing
electronic data interchange (EDI)
inventory management systems
Automated data collection systems.

Mobile Commerce
Most commonly known for delivering retail outlet services into pocket of consumer
via wireless technology, Mobile commerce is a powerful tool offered by Mcommerce. With this a consumer with his mobile phone can Transfer money (MMT),
Acquire cash via (ATM), book Tickets (M-ticketing), Distribute and gain vouchers and
coupons, Purchase content like ringtones, Wallpapers games for cell phones, can
have a check and balance of his account via (M-banking).
Electronic Funds Transfer
EFT is transferring a or exchanging cash from one account to another with help of
one or multiple financial institutions through computer based centralized systems.
Supply Chain Management
SCM refers to effective and efficient management of Goods from point of origin to
their destined point of consumption. Ecommerce offers interlinked and
interconnected networks, modes and services to businesses requiring them. SCM

encompasses areas like operation Management, Logistics, procurements,

Information Technology.
Internet Marketing
Also known as Online Marketing is advertising and educating people about product
via internet. Notable tools are:

email marketing
search engine marketing
social media marketing
web banner advertising
mobile advertising

Online Tranaction processing

OTP is transaction oriented system, specifically designed Data Entry and retrieval
transaction processing. An ATM (Automated Teller Machine) is an example
transaction processing application.
Electronic Data Interchange
It refers to standardized communication system in which two different entities like
companies two countries by following same standard can send and receive
information like Invoices, Purchase Orders and so on and so forth.
Inventory Management System
IMS is managing and tracking Inventory Levels, Orders, Sales and Deliveries. IMS
offers its user to create work order, Bill of Material and other documents related to
production cycle. It helps In overcoming problems of overstock or shortages in
inventories. IMS offers services like

Order Management
Asset Tracking
Service Management
Product Information

3G
3G also known as Third Generation is 3rd generation of mobile communication
technology. 3G networks supports data transfer speeding up to 200 kbit/s. 3G
technology is outcome of research and development initiatives by International
Telecommunication Union (ITU). It took 15 years to build 3G specifications and
standards. Technical specifications were publicized branded as IMT-2000. 3G enjoys
spectrum between 400 MHz to 3 GHz. ITU didnt clearly specify rate at which 3G
operates however it is being assumed that IMT-2000 would yield at least 2Mbit/s
rate for users in stationay or walking state of motion, and for users in moving cars is
least 384Mbit/s.
3G networks offer more security than 2Gs.
The very first commercial about 3G was advertised in Japan 1998 By NTT Docomo
with name of FOMA and was made available on test transmission in May 2001 with
name W-CDMA technology.
3G was first commercially initiated by NTT Docomo in Japan in October 1 st 2001.
In Europe 3G was commercially first launched by Telenor in 2001
In south Korea SK telecom launched 3G in January 2002
Monet mobile Networks launched 3G technology in USA in july 2002
In Pakistan both 3G and 4G were launched together on April 23 rd 2014. Ufone,
Mobile and telenor acquired 3G licenses while Chinas Mobile Company Zong got
licensed of both 3G and 4G. PTCL begin Pakistans Premier Mobile Telecom Company
launched its non mobile 3G network named EVO in mid of may 2008. On august 14 th
2010 Pakistan became the first country in world to enjoy EVDOs RevB 3G
3G gave numerous advancements in some of useful applications which are as
follows:

Mobile TV
Video on demand
Video Conferencing
Telemedicine
Location-based services
Global Positioning System (GPS)

4G
Preceded 5G and Succeeded 3G, 4g is fourth Generation of Tele communication
Technology with existing 3G features, 4G also provides mobile ultra broadband
services. In March 2008, the International Telecommunications Union-Radio
communications sector (ITU-R) set requirements for 4G standards, branded as the
International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced (IMT-Advanced) specification,
setting up speed requirements for 4G at 100 megabits per second for high mobility
communication like trains and cars and 1 gigabit per second (Gbit/s) for low mobility
communication like pedestrians and stationary people.
Out of two standards for operating 4G, Mobile Wimax (Wireless MAN-Advanced
standard) was first used in Korea in 2006, and the other standard naming LTE (Long
Term Evolution) was used in Stockholm, Norway, Oslo, Sweden since 2009
In USA, Sprint (formerly Clearwire) deployed Mobile WiMAX networks since 2008,
and MetroPCS deployed the LTE service in 2010 becoming first to deploy LTE.
In Pakistan both 3G and 4G were launched together on April 23 rd 2014. Ufone,
Mobile and telenor acquired 3G licenses while Chinas Mobile Company Zong got
licensed of both 3G and 4G. PTCL begin Pakistans Premier Mobile Telecom Company
launched its non mobile 3G network named EVO in mid of may 2008. On august 14 th
2010 Pakistan became the first country in world to enjoy EVDOs RevB 3G.