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1.0 ABSTRACT
The Jack - up rig, consists of three numbers of Spud - legs, which will
eventually carry the entire weight of the rig, are spaced in a triangular
manner of spacing 74.75 m, as shown in fig. - 1. The configuration of
the 'Hull' of the Jack - up rig is also shown in fig. - 1. During the
fabrication of the rig, the Hull was to be supported initially. The three
'Spud - legs' will have separate foundation system.
3.0 INTRODUCTION
Fabrication of the 24,000 Tonne Jack - up rig was planned to be carried
out at Yard No.2. The exact location of fabrication was chosen in such
a way so as to take the maximum advantage of the existing facilities. It
was therefore decided to fabricate the Jack - up rig where previously
two mammoth Jackets, each weighing more than 35,000 Tonne were
fabricated. Just before the fabrication of the Jack - up rig, various
Jackets, weighing between 2,500 and 3,500 Tonne, were fabricated in
the same area. The sub - soil in the area was therefore subjected to
considerable amount of consolidation and compaction under the heavy
loads at different time over the past several years.
4.0 FOUNDATION SCHEME
The schematization of the foundation system was done , keeping in
view the future requirements of the foundations with respect to the
following stages of progress and operation of the 'Jack - up rig'
375
6.3 Foundation system during the Load out of the jack up rig
Due to the mammoth weight of the Jack - up rig, the 'load - out' was
planned to be carried out on 'Skid - ways'. On careful planning, it was
decided to load out the 24,000 tonne ( 240 Mn ) rig using four skid ways as shown in Fig. - 1 and Fig. - 2. In order to re - use the facilities
available at the fabrication yard, the skid-ways were located at a place
where earlier Jackets were fabricated.
Two skid - ways were therefore founded on two existing skid - ways of
earlier jacket. The balance length of the skid - way were founded partly
on piles and partly on existing concrete blocks as shown in Fig. - 2.
Remaining two skid - ways was founded on two new foundation system
which was again partly on piles and partly on existing concrete blocks.
Existing Skid way was founded on 40 meter long, 610 mm Outside
diameter steel tubular piles of 16 mm wall thickness. Reinforced
Concrete mat foundation consisting of several mats, each of size 6.0 m
* 3.0 m * 0.7 m thickness were used beyond the piled foundation.
As can be seen from Fig. - 2, the two new skid - ways were founded on
36.7 meter long pile cap, just behind the Quay wall. Balance skid - way,
beyond the pile foundation, was supported on R.c. Mat.
The extent or length of Skid - way resting on piled foundations was on
the basis of overall stability of entire foundation system.
during load out operation. The load shall be applied at the center of the
Quay wall as a 'point load', so that it is not subjected to high destabilizing moment. For that purpose the 'Skid beam' was planned to be
supported between the Quay wall and the Pile cap. The Skid beam will
be resting on 'Stubs' so that during the load out of the Rig, the load
coming on the Skid beam will be transferred to the Quay wall through
the 'Stubs' as point load.
'Link Beam' was placed between the Quay wall and the 'Transporter
barge' for load out of the Rig. Link beam was supported on the same
'Stub' as 'Skid beam', thus ensuring the transfer of Rig load as
'concentrated load' at the center of the Quay wall.
On the basis of detail analysis it was observed that the existing Quay
wall was not strong enough to carry the distributed load of Jack up rig
376
Footing load tests were carried out at four locations for establishing the
sub grade modulus I soil spring values. Load tests were carried out on
each of the four skid ways. These values were compared with the values
obtained from the sub soil shear strength parameters and finally was
used for the settlement analysis of the various foundation system.
Footing load tests were carried out on 2m*2.5m* 1.2m thick Concrete
blocks, each weighing about 140Kn. The test was carried out for a
maximum load of 1000 Kn. The results of the tests were quite
interesting. The settlement under two test footing shows very little
settlement with no change in the slope of the 'load - settlement curve'.
This footings were placed where earlier two heavy jackets were
fabricated, thus indicating compaction and settlement earlier. Other two
footings shows changes in slope of the 'load - settlement' curve.
are shown in Fig. -2. The extent and length of pile cap I pile
foundation was governed by the 'Overall stability' of the entire
foundation system as was explained earlier.
Pile Driveability analysis were carried out using 'wave equation
analysis' utilizing 'GRL WEAP' software package.
Kobe K - 45 diesel hammer was used for driving the piles to the design
penetrations with pile tip resting on rock strata. Exact driven lengths of
the piles were within + I - 5 m of the design penetration. The factor of
safety of the piles varies between 1.65 to 1.98 with respect to estimated
capacity.
Load on each skid - way was calculated as 2.0 Mn I m. Considering 10
percent more load for design consideration, the skid - way was designed
for 2.2 Mn I m of loading. Thus foundation was designed for 0.37 Mpa
of load. However the existing double layer concrete blocks were safe
for 3.0 Mn I m ofload.
8.2 Assessment of Bearing capacity of Concrete block Mat
foundation of Skid - way
Total fabrication and load out area of the jack-up rig was covered by
sixteen bore holes, as shown in Fig. - I. Bearing capacity of Mat
foundation was assessed based on worst bore hole data. For assessment
purpose of bearing capacity, soil parameters up to a depth of 12.5 m
was considered. Safe bearing capacity of 6 m wide foundation resting
directly on so.il was estimated as 0.45 Mpa with a safety factor of 2.0.
Settlement was however calculated at different location using actual
available soil parameter and will be discussed later in this paper.
8.3 Spud - leg foundation
Each spud - leg was resting on three isolated footing. Spud - leg
foundation was designed to carry the total load of the jack - up rig.
During jack up and jack down test of the rig, the foundation system has
to be safe enough to carry the entire load. Also during jack up
condition, the Hull of the rig was at a height of around 10m above the
ground level.
However the foundation system was checked and designed for an
elevated hull at 100 m above ground level, with wind speed of 125
Kmph. Considering equal load distribution on three legs, the load on
each leg becomes 240 I 3 = 80 Mn.
20 percent more loads were considered due to uncertainties of load
distribution etc .. Thus spud leg isolated foundations was designed for a
vertical load of96 Mn.
Each spud - leg was having three elevated steel base plates. After
studying several alternatives, Isolated foundations were provided under
each of the three base plates. Thus each isolated footing carried a
vertical load of 96 I 3 = 32 Mn. Additionally foundation also carried a
load due to horizontal wind force during the jack up condition. Based
on above load, foundation size of isolated footing works out as 8.5 m *
8.0 m * 2.0 m thick. The depth of foundation was 2.0 m below the
existing ground level.
Bearing capacity of the foundation was assessed based on the worst
bore hole soil shear strength parameter. The minimum safe ( Safety
factor = 2.0 ) bearing capacity of the above foundation works out as
0.60 Mpa. Maximum foundation pressure estimated during jack up
(test) condition of the rig at 100 m above the ground level was 0.52
Mpa thus ensuring the safety of the isolated foundation. Settlement was
however assessed based on bore hole data and soil parameter at the
actual location.
8.4 Quay wall foundation
Existing Quay wall was constructed using concrete blocks as shown in
Fig. - 2. Maximum load on quay wall due to'reaction' of 'skid beam'
377
and 'link beam' was 17.2 Mn. This load was planned to be taken
directly by the quay wall as concentrated load at the center of the quay
wall. Considering load dispersion of IH in 2V, the load at the base of
the quay wall was 0.375 Mpa.
Safe allowable bearing capacity estimated from the subsoil parameter
was varying between 1.15 Mpa to 1.5 Mpa.
Settlement at different location of the quay wall was estimated
considering actual soil parameter of the location.
a)
b)
378
12.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Author is grateful to the management of Hyundai Heavy Industries
Co. Ltd.Jor the encouragement given for the preparation of this paper.
Author expresses his deep sense of regards to his colleagues for the
valuable information and technical details provided during the
preparation of this paper.
13.0 REFERENCES
API RP 2A - WSD, 20 th Edition, July1, 1993, Recommended Practice
for Planning, Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms Working Stress Design.
BOWLES, J.E., Foundation analysis and design, McGraw - Hill Book
Co.
McCLELLAND, B and REIFEL, M.D., Planning and design of fixed
offshore platforms, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New-York
POULOS, H.G., Proceedings, 1st International Conference on
Numerical Methods in Offshore Piling, Institute of Civil Engineers,
London
TOMLINSON, MJ., Pile design and construction practice, E and FN
SPON, An Imprint of Chapman and Hall
WINTERKORN, H.F. and FANG, H.Y., Foundation engineering
handbook, Van Nostrand Publishing Company, 1975
11.0 CONCLUSIONS
379
TABLE-I.
SUB-SOIL DESIGN PARAMETER
**
kef) for
kef)
Mn/m3
Degrees
B=lm (Mn/m3)
B=5m (Mn/m3)
10 - 35
80.0
31 - 35
10-40
3 - 28
0.5
8,0
33.3
28
15
1.0
18.0
75.0
33
GM(Den)
30
3.0
36.0
150.0
40
Weather-
SM
50
3.0
40.0
165.5
40
75.0
50..0
Ed Rock
SM
100
7.5
80.0
335.5
45
150.0
95.0
Soft Rock
20.0
Hard Rock
Origin
Soil
SPT
Qu
Es
Classification
Mpa
Mpa
Fill
SM
12 - 30
1.0
Transpo-
SM
Rted Soil
GM(Med)
100.0
K(30)
500.0
50
LENGTH,M
PILE SIZE, MM
ROWS
ESTIMATED SAFE
CAPACITY, MN
CAPACITY, MN
11
610 * 16 thk.
30m to 34 m
4.0 to 4.5
17
610
* 16 thk.
34 m to 40 m
4.5 to 5.05
25
610 * 16 thk.
34 m to 40 m
4.5 to 5.05
33
610
* 16 thk.
36 m to 46 m
4.6 to 5.7
6.25
ITEM
ROW 11
ROW
ROW
ROW
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
17
25
33
PULLING
PULLING
FRICTION
FORCE
MOMENT
PERCENT
Mn
Mn-m
60
64
64
48
(-) 22.4
(-) 8.05
8.75
33.05
32
90.8
13.58 %
16
45.4
6.7%
16
45.4
6.7%
380
TABLE-4
SETTLEMENT OF SPUD-LEG FOUNDA TIONS
Location
Foundation
Depth of
Soil Spring
Soil Spring
Estimated
Estimated
Size, m
Foundation,
Constant, k I
Constant, k2
Settlement dl, mm
Settlement d2,
Mn/m3
Mn/m3
mm
Center
8.5* 8.0*2.0
2.0
2.75
4.63
215
85
Comer
8.5*8.0*2.0
2.0
6.7
11.3
88
52
Edge
8.5*8.0*2.0
2.0
4.48
7.62
131
77
Center
8.5* 8.0*2.0
2.0
5.5
11.1
86.0
36.0
Comer
8.5* 8.0*2.0
2.0
13.2
27.0
35
15
Edge
8.5*8.0*2.0
2.0
8.9
18.1
53
26
TABLE-S
RECORDED SETTLEMENT OF SPUD LEG ISOLA TED FOUNDATIONS
Position of Recording
Settlement
In
Leg - I, mm
Settlement in Leg - 2, mm
Settlement in Leg - 3, mm
A Inner Footing
145 ( 131 )
197(215 )
98 ( 88 )
B Clockwise from A
140
172
88
C Anticlockwise from A
125
118
70
TABLE-6
RECORDED SETTLEMENT OF SKID WAYS
STATION NUMBERS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II
12
*
Row - II
49
96
117
136
124
96
50
13
3
381
Row - 33
31
39
26
5
13
32
26
II
-2
-10
-8
-2
'11r
30000
50000
Vl
-..J
to
lJl
0
0
0
0
L~
o
o
o
o
12000
44000
LEGEND ~
o
~
_
BORE HOLE(S)
OLD BORE HOLE(BH)
(8.5*8.0M*2.0M)
FIG-1
SOIL TYPE
THICKNESS M
10
FILL
13
Silty fine to
occasionally
encountered
Sity angular
With fine to
14
40-234 M
23
0
00
90-23 5 M
--.
:z
0
....
33
19
14
0 0
0
0
0
,
,
23
TRANSPORTED DEPOSIT
Silty sub-rounded GRAVEL With fine
to coase
Sond (GM) contains shell fragments.
saturated
medium dense to very dense
32
50/12 BED -
iii
ROCK
'"
"1
dense
Boulder. Shale
U
:z
Co
30
00
0
:z
::>
<:.
00
(;
i.t'.
50/4
SOFT-ROCK
01'
o
16001
1600 1
LOAD(Qu), Kpo
200
300
400
500
600
ROW JJ
COMPRESSION STRUT
50
36700
/
ROW 17 &: 25
SKIDDING SURFAC-E
SKID BEAM
E100~---+----~----~--~~--~--~~--~
ROW! 1
/"
~150~----+-----+-----~----~----~----~k---~
6
<Il
200~--~-----4-----4-----+-----+----~~--~
PILE FOUNPATION
250L---~-----L-----L----~----L-----~--~
(ADJACENT TO QUAY)
383
384
--
----
------------------
391