What are the different techniques of shading?

1. Slinky

The first example is the slinky method of shading. You can implement this
style of shading by using a quick back-and-forth motion with the pencil to
create a line that resembles a slinky. This method of pencil shading is great
for doing quick sketches, or any type of drawing that doesnt require much
detail.
2. Crosshatching

Next is crosshatching. This is a very popular method of shading that is also

very common when using a pen or marker. This method of shading involves
drawing alternate sets of lines on top of each other in a criss-cross pattern.
The closer together the lines are, the darker the shading will be. Highlights are
produced by allowing a lot of space between the lines, or leaving them out
completely.

3. Smooth shading

Smooth shading another way to shade with a pencil. This type of shading is
very soft, and creates the most realistic effects of any shading technique.
Smooth shading is done much like coloring with a crayon. Use the same
amount of pressure to create a uniform layer of graphite. For an even
smoother look, you can use a cloth or piece of tissue to blend the graphite
over the shaded area.
4. Stippling

Like crosshatching, stippling also known as pointillism is another common

form of shading that is also used in pen drawings. Stippling borrows the same
principle from crosshatching to create shading more dots closer together
makes a darker shadow. Highlights are formed by spacing the dots farther
and farther apart or leaving them out completely.

5. Hatching

Hatching is a basic shading technique. Artists produce hatching by drawing

parallel lines close together on the page. The lines can be straight, curved,
long or short. The type of line is determined by the shape of the object being
drawn. For example, if an artist is drawing a cylindrical object such as can,
she would shade the object with curved lines. If an artist was drawing a flat
surface such as wall, she would use straight lines. In general, the closer
together the lines are, the darker the value.
6. Circularism/circulism

This creates different values with random curved lines. The value is
determined by the density of the lines. For example, artists create light values
by drawing just a few curved lines far apart. They create darker values by
drawing several curved line close together. Artists can give pictures a smooth
texture with densely drawn curves. They can give their drawings a textured
appearance with light and gradual application of lines.

7. Contour-hatching

This follows the contour, or curve or outline, of the object. In this case, the
hatching is rounded to match the shape of the circle.
8. Basket or Woven style hatching

I dont know that there is an official name for this type of hatching, but it is a
very striking and graphic style of hatching when used correctly. Rather that all
parallel marks, this method uses short sets of parallel marks in one direction,
then an adjacent group of parallel marks in an almost perpendicular direction.
The effect looks woven when done well, and can also be cross hatched to add
density if desired.
Sources: http://www.craftsy.com/blog/2013/07/hatching-and-cross-hatching/,
http://www.art-is-fun.com/drawing-techniques-creating-value-in-pen-and-inkdrawings.html, http://www.drawcentral.com/2010/09/pencil-shadingtechniques.html