How to Prepare for a Neuropsychiatric

Exam
By Donna Porter
eHow Contributor

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A neuropsychiatric exam is intended, in part, to measure cognitive and mental functioning,
factoring in personality, intelligence, memory, learning ability and physical or mental illness
or injury. Neuropsychiatric exams may be recommend following a head injury, to meet
certain workers' compensation or medical insurance demands, and in a litigation process, for
example. It may also be used in the diagnostic process for a variety of health concerns and
provide a functional baseline for future comparison to determine disease or treatment
progress. Read on to better prepare for the neuropsychiatric exam process.

Instructions
1.

Select a psychologist or neuropsychiatric that is most qualified for your particular

situation. For example, choose a professional experienced with learning disorders if the
patient has ADD, or a neuropsychiatrist familiar with organic brain injury when a car
wreck is involved. Check credentials to ensure that the professional is well-practiced in
neurology, psychology or psychiatry.

2.

Prepare for a neuropsychiatric exam financially so that there are no surprises. Exams
may take several hours over the course of one to several days. Costs for a
neuropsychiatric exam often exceed $2,000. Contact your health insurance company,
if applicable, to verify coverages.

3.

Familiarize yourself with the testing process, as it varies for each individual. The test
is not invasive, though it may exacerbate some frustration if the patient has cognitive
deficits, mental fatigue or illness; this is normal. The neuropsychiatric exam tests, in
part, one's memory, intelligence and hand-eye coordination, which may not function as
well or be better than expected.

4.

Discuss any concerns with the examiner or her staff. Discuss any medications or
herbal supplements that you take, any physical limitations you have and any factors
which may affect the testing schedule. While neuropsychiatric tests are less effective
when divided into very short sessions, the examiner can work with you to
accommodate some needs.

5.

Promote optimal exam performance, especially if the neuropsychiatric exam affects

vocational and educational pursuits or rehabilitation. Drastic changes are not
recommended. Getting a good night's sleep, avoiding late night caffeine and eating a
healthy diet are recommended.

6.

Avoid performance enhancers, including energy drinks, as you prepare for a

neuropsychiatric exam. While this may not dramatically affect the core results, the test
results will serve the patient best if they take the neuropsychiatric exam under typical
lifestyle conditions.

Read more : http://www.ehow.com/how_4457155_prepare-neuropsychiatric-exam.html

10 things you should know about Neurological examination

Vol.18, No.07, August 2010
1. Its not uncommon to meet circumstances where a full neurological examination is
recommended. But a really thorough exploration of the nervous system takes hours.
What can be done in the real world to screen quickly for neurological problems? Quite
a lot, if you eliminate the nonessential.
2. The key is to let symptoms point out the relevant areas of investigation. Its usually
unproductive to test cognition unless the patient reports a problem. Even then, mild
self-reported memory loss is unlikely to stem from a neurological condition, but is
usually age or stress-related. Its only if daily life is being affected, or if friends and
family report a decline, or if the patient seems newly incoherent, that a neurological
diagnosis is likely and a cognition test necessary.
3. Cognition is the most time-consuming part of neurological examination, and also
the most subjective. Both of these problems can be minimized by the use of written
questionnaires. Keep some validated depression questionnaires (i.e. Beck) and a few
MMSEs or GPCOGs (General Practitioner assessment of cognition) handy.
4. Remember, the MMSE can miss some forms of dementia, including Lewy body
(relapsing-remitting, sleep disturbance, hallucination, delusion), and frontotemporal
dementia (behavioural changes, possible aphasia, few physical signs).
5. Its useful before testing cognition to test attention and look for dysphasia. If a
patient can count down from 20 to zero, attention issues are excluded. Acute
confusional states (in the absence of stroke warning signs) are usually related to drug
toxicity (i.e. anticholinergic), metabolic disturbance or infection. Screen for dysphasia
by asking the patient to name the outer parts of a complex machine like a computer.
6. Many neurological signs are relative. Whats a diminished reflex? The only way to
know is to test lots of normal reflexes. It helps to create your own standard package of
the quickest and most useful neurological tests (i.e. fundoscopy, straight leg raise,
ankle jerk, eye movement, tongue exam, gait) and apply it to all patients with possible

neurological symptoms. This practice will quickly build up a mental reference library
of whats normal and what isnt.
7. Eye movements are important, especially those caused by the third (oculomotor)
and sixth (abducens) cranial nerves. In 3rd nerve palsy the affected eye looks outward,
causing double vision in straight ahead gaze. It cant move inward past centred, nor
up and down. Eyelid may droop and pupil may not respond to light. Any
accompanying pain or worsening is likely a sign of urgent problem, i.e. trauma,
tumour, aneurysm or hemorrhage.
8. In 6th nerve palsy the affected eye cant look outward, and diplopia results if the
patient looks to that side. The possible causes are many, but most cases are vascular.
Look for visual field defects hemianopia often signifies a stroke, and may have
implications for driving safety. Slowness in eye adduction (medial rectus palsy) is
suggestive of multiple sclerosis. Jerky eye movement with nystagmus suggests
brainstem disease. Inability to look up is predictive of a neurological diagnosis.
9. Tongue exam: it should protrude centrally, without fasciculation or wasting.
Fasciculation is a possible sign of motor neuron disease, though it can also be due to
fatigue, Lyme disease, benzodiazepine withdrawal, or dehydration. But almost any
tongue may seem to writhe if the patient knows youre looking at it. Tell them youre
examining the palate instead.
10. Dont rely on the MRI to replace a neurological exam. This increasing practice
generates time-consuming incidentalomas that rarely bear any relation to symptoms.
Hand Gestures and their Meanings
In non-verbal communication, the manner in which we move our hands and fingers say a lot of things, good and bad.
These movements of our hands that convey meaning are known as hand gestures. This Buzzle article will speak about
some popular hand gestures, and what they mean.
Advertisement
"I spin around and give him the finger down low, hoping Monsieur Boutin can't see. St. Clair responds by grinning and
giving me the British version, the V-sign with his first two fingers. Monsieur Boutin tuts behind me with good nature. I pay
for my meal and take the seat next to St. Clair. "Thanks. I forgot how to flip off the English. I'll use the correct hand
gesture next time.""
Stephanie Perkins, Anna and the French Kiss
Hand gestures are expressive actions, which we display to communicate our messages. It is a non-verbal mode of
communication, wherein we show up different movements of hands and fingers accompanied by various kinds of facial
expressions. Hand gestures have a wide range of meanings, and they are also emblematic of different religious and cultural
traditions. Every individual movement has a meaning symbolizing various forms of perceptions. We have explained you this
in the underlying content.
Popular Hand Gestures
The meaning and significance of hand gestures can differ from one culture to another. Although people and cultures tend to
interpret them in their own way, there are still some gestures which hold universal meanings, that is they mean the same
everywhere in the world. In this write-up, we have listed some of the most widely used hand gestures.

The "V" Sign

Raise your index and middle fingers, and separate them so as to form the alphabet "V". Show it to people with your
palm facing outwards, and you are showing them the sign of victory. This gesture was used widely at the time of WWII, in
order to symbolize "V for Victory".
Then, in the 1960s, when the hippie movement gained impetus in the US, the same sign was used to indicate peace.
Interestingly, in some of the East Asian countries, like Japan, China, South Korea, Thailand, and Taiwan, the same
gesture is often used (sometimes also with the palm facing inwards) to tell a person that he/she is looking cute, while
being photographed.
However, be careful in the UK, Australia, South Africa, Ireland, and New Zealand with regards to whether your palm is
facing inwards or outwards. They consider it to be an offensive gesture if your palm faces inwards; mind well, you might be
in for some real trouble.
Okay or A-oK

Raise your hand, and touch the tip of your index finger to the tip of your thumb to form a circular shape. Hold the
remaining three fingers straight. This gesture signals the word okay, which means that everything is fine.
This gesture is one of the most important diving signals, and is used by divers, while they are under the water, to
indicate that everything is fine.
While the gesture indicates the same meaning in the US, in Europe, it signifies an insulting overtone, whereas in Latin
America, it is regarded as an obscene action.
Stop or Stay

Hold your hand upright, with the back of your palm facing inwards. This hand gesture indicates that you want someone
to stop or stay wherever he/she is.
In the United States, 'stop' is depicted by showing the palm with all the fingers pointing upwards. This hand gesture also
has other connotations like 'stay away' or 'talk to the hand'.
In Malaysia raising the hand is explicitly done to summon waiters, or a person for conveying a message.
In Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, this gesture (when done with a right hand) is known as the Abhayamudra, and
symbolizes safety and reassurance.
Pointing Fingers

Pointing fingers normally mean indicating some person or some object. Extending the index finger to point something is
probably the most common hand gesture. You will also find babies pointing their fingers at objects they want.
People also believe that pointing fingers could mean placing a blame on someone.
Western cultures consider finger-pointing to be one of the most obscene hand gestures. Pointing the middle finger
towards someone is a symbol of sexual disgrace.
Finger Curling

 Extending the index finger and curling its tip means beckoning someone. When you call someone or try to seek
attention, you usually use this gesture.
In the US, it is generally used to summon waiters. However, sometimes it is also regarded as a seductive gesture.
In Japan, this gesture is considered to be extremely rude, while in Singapore, it indicates death.
Curling the index finger is popularly known as the 'dog call'.
Thumbs Up/Down

The thumb raised upwards, with the other fingers curled inwards is universally acknowledged as a gesture indicating
"well done" or "things are great".
In Western cultures, it is a symbol of optimism. However, in the Middle East, Latin America, Greece, Russia, and West
Africa, the "thumbs up" gesture signifies an insult.
Thumbs-down (thumb pointing towards the ground), on the other hand, signifies non-acceptance, failure, and rejection.
Crossed Fingers

This is one of the most popular hand gestures, used almost all over the world. When we cross the middle finger of either
of our hands over the index finger of the same hand, this sign is formed.
Crossing fingers signifies anticipation and good luck. It also symbolizes fortune, hope, and expectation of something.
We keep our fingers crossed when we hope something good to happen, or even to nullify a promise.
In Christianity, crossing fingers signifies a plea to God for protection against evil. However, in some ancient folkloric
traditions, such symbols represented 'lies'.
I hope you have found the hand gestures interesting enough. However, always be sure of their underlying meaning before
communicating anything through these forms of non-verbal communication.
Read more at Buzzle: http://www.buzzle.com/articles/hand-gestures-and-their-meanings.html

V FOR VICTORY

With the palm facing forward this gesture is seen as positive and meaning victory. It
was popularised by Winston Churchill and other Allied leaders during WWII. During the 1960s and early 1970s it became a
symbolic gesture of the alternative and anti war hippie movement and became to mean peace. It probably assumed this context

because the anti Vietnam war movement believed that peace would be victorious. It was very common to make the gesture and say
peace at the same time. As time passes and the 1960s are less relevant to people it is assuming its original meaning again.

A OK PERFECT

Its believed this gesture was popularised by divers because the thumbs up / thumbs
down gesture meant go up or go down. Myth has it that the fingers form the O and K of OK. Again, this is probably just
coincidence. The truth is that this gesture has been used for centuries by gem stone dealers. The gem would be placed between the
forefinger and the thumb, held up to the light and moved back and forth to change the angle and check for flaws. We still use this
motion today. It does not mean Your Anus unless the extended fingers are inline with the circular forefinger.

THUMBS UP THATS GREAT

As a gesture its one of the most common. Several references believe that is was
used by Roman rulers at the Coliseum and other arenas to indicate whether a gladiator lived or died. This has recently been
debunked as increasing evidence indicates that most gladiatorial battles did not end in death. It was popularised by American and
Chinese pilots during WWII. In China this gesture means one or number one. Whatever the origin, it is generally considered a
positive gesture. Dont jab it forward as this has a completely different connotation.

FINGERS CROSSED

Generally this means wishing for good luck or fortune. Another interpretation could
be seen as heres hoping. The gesture probably has pagan / Christian origins where the gesture was believed to ward off evil. As
such, folklore believes that crossing the fingers when telling a lie somehow offsets the evil of the lie. Some historians believe that
crossing your fingers is a hidden or secret way of making the Christian sign of the cross a sure-fire way of defeating demons. As a
gesture it is has both positive and negative symbolism. Luck or lies.

THUMBS DOWN

There is no need to discuss origins as this is clearly the opposite of the thumbs up
gesture and is one of the few hand signals to have an opposite. It generally indicates that something is bad or not accepted. It
received the thumbs down has entered the English language as an expression to indicate that something has failed. Its use is
nowhere near as common as the thumbs up gesture and is seen as a somewhat rude, callous and arrogant way of indicating failure
or disapproval. It is usually made as a single downwards jab of the thumb.

STOP THATS ENOUGH

Mothers and teachers are common users this hand gesture. In general it is used to
admonish or warn a single individual. It is a variation of the you gesture. If translated into language it would say. Stop whatever
you are doing and pay attention to me. I am your superior and I am warning you! Classed as a silent parent to child gesture, it is
completely unacceptable in a professional environment where it will be interpreted as both rude and domineering. Some
psychologists believe that it is a metaphor for the cane or whip.

JUST STOP AND CALM DOWN

To the right and below are two very similar hand gestures that have subtly different
meanings. The one to the right has the hand tilted forward implying control. It is an authoritarian signal that states Stop Enough.
The forward tilted fingers are pushing down indicating that the person for whom the gesture is intended should sit or settle. The
tilting of the hand indicates that the person doing the gesture feels confident and in control of the situation. It is not as defensive as it
seems and is actually pushing down the person for which it is intended.

STAY AWAY TALK TO THE HAND

This gesture is a metaphoric wall. The fingers and palm are vertical and indicate a
barrier. In most cases it is clearly a defensive gesture that, if translated into language, would state: Stop! I am uncomfortable with
this communication. Stay away. If done in a casual or off-hand manner it is the Talk to the Hand gesture and suggests that the
user is completely uninterested in the communication. This second, and rude, interpretation is quite rare and implies both the
confident superiority of the user and their disregard for the importance of the recipient.

COME ON HURRY UP

People actually look at their wrist in this way even when theyre not wearing a watch.
Generally its a sign of impatience or irritation. When its done subconsciously it indicates that the person doing it feels that it is
time for the communication to end. Where it is done consciously it is a subtle signal that the communication needs to move on or
end. This gesture is rarely missed by people for whom it is intended. Certain cultures, particularly those from the Middle East will
perceive this as extremely rude as their culture believes that once a communication has started it must take its time.

YOU!

According to most parents in the West pointing at people is rude. It falls into the
same category as dont stare. The use of this hand gesture implies that a dominant- to-subordinate relationship is taking place. It is
a brave or desperate employee that points their finger at a superior in this manner. In general, this is an aggressive signal that if
translated into language would state: You! Im not happy. Youd better pay very close attention because this is very personal to you.
As humans we dont like being pointed at. This gesture singles people out from the safe huddle of the crowd.

National Board Review

Practice question 1
Which of the following is TRUE regarding a lesion of the right vestibular nuclei?
the left PPRF is more active than the right PPRF
the fast phase of nystagmus is to the right
stumbling to the left
the left lateral vestibulospinal tract is more active than the right
slow phase of nystagmus to the left

National Board Review

Practice question 2
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
weakness is a common sign of cerebellar lesions
Golgi cells in the cerebellum lie in the granule cell layer and are inhibitory
cells in the posterior parietal cortex send information to the lateral zone of the
cerebellum (via the pontine grey)
basket cells in the cerebellum inhibit Purkinje cell firing
the fastigial nucleus receives input from Purkinje cells in the medial zone of the
cerebellum

National Board Review

Practice question 3
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
spinal nerve C7 exits above vertebra C7

National Board Review

Practice question 28
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the diagram below of a normal retina?

light approaches the photoreceptors from the bottom of the figure

B is a bipolar cell
the outer segment of cell C is supplied by the central retinal artery
the part of the axon that is shown for cell A is myelinated
two of the above statements are correct

National Board Review

Practice question 29

Which of the following statements regarding the labeled structures in the diagram below
is TRUE?

a complete lesion of the cortical area marked by A results in left homonymous

hemianopsia
cells marked by B are innervated by axons that travel in Meyers loop
the receptive field of a cell located at C is closer to the foveal representation than the
receptive field of a cell located at E
cells at D have receptive fields in the contralateral lower visual quadrant
two answers are true

National Board Review

Practice question 30
Which of the following statements is/are FALSE?

glaucoma does not affect visual acuity until the disease becomes end-stage
the etiology of age-related macular degeneration is progressive loss of function of
retinal pigment epithelial cells, resulting in loss of ganglion cells and optic nerve
cupping
in early stages, neither of the following diseases have significant warning symptoms:
age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma
even if a patient suspected of having a pituitary abnormality has normal visual acuity
and a normal pupillary light reflex test, it is still NOT safe to reassure the patient that
there is no lesion compressing the optic chiasm
patients with stroke in the visual cortex usually do not suffer a marked loss of visual
acuity

National Board Review

Practice question 31
Which of the following statements is FALSE?

the middle ear is normally filled with air

the major function of the Eustachian tube is to maintain a pressure equilibrium across
the tympanic membrane
the malleus is attached directly to the tympanic membrane and articulates with the
incus
the middle ear muscles are vestigial structures that play no role in human hearing
the ossicles of the middle ear are essential for efficient transmission of sound from air
to the inner ear

National Board Review

Practice question 32

Which of the following statements is FALSE about the middle ear?

if sound traveling in air hits the fluid of the inner ear, about 99.9% of the sound energy
will be reflected back into the air
impedance matching refers to the contraction of middle ear muscles in response to
sound
the main function of the middle ear is to transfer sound energy from air to cochlear
fluid
the force acting on the tympanic membrane is concentrated into the small area of the
footplate of the stapes
the malleus is longer than the incus; this can help overcome the mismatch in the
impedance of air and fluid

National Board Review

Practice question 33
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the inner ear?

the inner ear consists of osseous and membranous labyrinths

the membranous labyrinth is filled with endolymph
the round window opens into the scala tympani
the organ of Corti lies in the scala media
the helicotrema is a connection between the scala tympani and the scala media

National Board Review

Practice question 34
Which of the following statements is FALSE?

the medial superior olive detects interaural time differences

the lateral superior olive detects interaural intensity differences
axons in the auditory portion of CN VIII terminate in the inferior colliculus
at high frequencies, we depend upon interaural intensity differences for sound
localization in the horizontal plane
at low frequencies, we depend upon interaural time differences for sound localization
in the horizontal plane

National Board Review

Practice question 35
Which of the following statements is FALSE?

a rupture of the tympanic membrane will result in conductive hearing loss

malfunction of the Eustachian tube results in a conductive hearing loss
low frequencies are represented along the base of the cochlea
otitus media results in a conductive hearing loss
hearing loss in children may result in speech and language impairments

National Board Review

Practice question 36
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the audiogram shown below?

hearing loss does NOT involve frequencies associated with conversational speech
thresholds to air conducted stimuli are normal
there are abnormal thresholds to bone conducted sound stimuli
data show a conductive hearing loss

the data reveal presbycusis

National Board Review

Practice question 37
Which of the following pairings is FALSE?

area 3a --- conscious proprioception

area 3b --- heavy input from VPL
lesion of SI --- contralateral astereognosis
area 2 --- heavy input from VPL
lesion of area 1 --- impaired texture discrimination

National Board Review

Practice question 38
Which of the following structures is INCORRECTLY paired with all or part of its blood
supply?

anterior limb of internal capsule--medial striates

dorsal part of the posterior limb of internal capsule--anterior choroidal
visual cortex--posterior cerebral
Broca's motor speech area--middle cerebral
hippocampus--posterior cerebral

National Board Review

Practice question 39
A lesion in the frontal association cortex on the left would most likely result in:

contralateral homonymous hemianopsia

intention tremor
receptive aphasia
expressive aphasia
contralateral hemianesthesia

National Board Review

Practice question 40
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is produced by cells in the:

anterior pituitary
thalamus
supraoptic region of the hypothalamus
tuberal region of the hypothalamus
mammillary region of the hypothalamus

National Board Review

Practice question 41
A lesion of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (which lies in the tuberal level) has
been shown (in experimental animals) to produce:

diabetes insipidus
voracious appetite (hyperphagia) and rage
loss of appetite (anorexia)
memory loss
lack of oxytocin production

National Board Review

Practice question 42
Bilateral lesions of the ventral portion of the temporal lobes involving the hippocampal
formation would most likely result in which of the following signs and symptoms?

little or no trouble comprehending speech, but great difficulty speaking

trouble understanding speech, and also trouble with verbal expression
loss of the bothersome nature of pain, without loss of pain sensitivity or
discrimination

a deficit of long term memory

recent memory deficit

National Board Review

Practice question 43
An embolus enters the left middle cerebral artery and lodges immediately, blocking all of its
branches. What would you expect to see in a set of C-T scans?

a lesion destroying cortex over the entire medial extent of the left hemisphere, but not
extending to white matter
a lesion that includes the medial part of the occipital lobe
a lesion that destroys the entire extent of the pre- and postcentral gyri including the
portions that wrap around onto the medial aspect of the hemisphere
destruction of cortex that includes both Broca's and Wernicke's speech areas
all of the above

National Board Review

Practice question 44
Following a blockage of the anterior cerebral artery to the left cortex, which of the following
functions would be preserved?

the ability to speak

the ability to understand speech
the ability to move the right toes
the ability to move the right fingers
three of the above

National Board Review

Practice question 45
The mammillary bodies:

are damaged in Korsakoffs syndrome

receive input from the fornix
project to the medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus
are involved in temperature regulation
two of the above statements are true of the mammillary bodies

National Board Review

Practice question 46
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the paraventricular nucleus of the
hypothalamus?

cells are involved in the regulation of circadian rhythm

cells are involved in the production of oxytocin
cells are involved in the regulation of H2O balance
cells project to the posterior lobe of the pituitary
cells release CRF

National Board Review

Practice question 47
Which of the following characteristics are TRUE regarding a highly synchronized EEG??

occurs during REM sleep

low amplitude
25 Hz
occurs in deep (delta) sleep
is happening now as you study

National Board Review

Practice question 48
Which of the following statements is TRUE?

patients with prosopagnosia do not know that they are looking at a face
disorders of reading are called dysphagia
Brocas aphasia can be accompanied by hemiplegia
agnosias are more common than aphasias
awkward articulation is an essential characteristic of fluent aphasia (Wernickes)

National Board Review

Practice question 49
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding apraxias?

lesion in ideomotor apraxia involves temporal parietal junction

patient with ideomotor apraxia will use the wrong object to perform correct action
apraxias are always associate with hemiparesis
patient with ideational apraxia is unable to use correct motor sequence
lesion in ideomotor apraxia involves parietal lobe and supplementary motor area

National Board Review

Practice question 50
Which of the following statements is FALSE?

in coma the patient cannot be aroused from unconsciousness

in sleep apnea there is excessive daytime sleep
in narcolepsy the patient goes directly into REM sleep
the most common cause of comas are metabolic derangements
in the persistent vegetative state, the patient appears alert and has meaningful cognitive
responses

National Board Review

Practice question 51
Which of the following statements is TRUE?

corticobulbar fibers course within the anterior limb of the internal capsule
corticospinal fibers course within the genu of the internal capsule
a lesion of the optic tract results in a bitemporal hemianopsia
the superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculi are association fiber bundles of the
cerebral cortex
blockage of the middle cerebral artery results in little cortical damage due to the
collateral circulation of the Circle of Willis

National Board Review

Practice question 52
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the mesocorticolimbic dopamine
system?

arises from the ventral tegmental area and innervates limbic structures and visual
cortex
is involved in reinforcement and reward
arises from the substantia nigra and innervates limbic and prefrontal cortical region
arises from the raphe nucleus and innervates the limbic cortical region
arises from cells which lie ventral to the substantia nigra

National Board Review

Practice question 53
The human circadian pacemaker is located in the:

pituitary

thalamus
suprachiasmatic nucleus
pons
spinal cord

National Board Review

Practice question 54
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding serotonin?

cell bodies lie in the substantia nigra and innervate the cortex and limbic system.
is increased by MAOIs and tricyclics.
is likely decreased in impulsive individuals
is kept in synaptic cleft longer by Prozac
produced in raphe nuclei

National Board Review

Practice question 55
The severe short term (explicit) memory deficits characteristic of Alzheimers disease would
most likely be due to:

plaques and tangles in hippocampal regions

plaques and tangles in basal ganglia
degeneration of ventral tegmental area

loss of norepinephrine in the amygdala

loss of epinephrine producing cells in the adrenal cortex

National Board Review

Practice question 56
Which of the following associations is INCORRECT regarding the figure below?

lesion at A would result in complete blindness in the LEFT eye

lesion at B would result in bitemporal hemianopsia
lesion at C would result in unilateral nasal hemianopsia on the left side
lesion at D would result in complete blindness in the LEFT eye
lesion at E would result in RIGHT upper quadrant hemianopsia

HuntDiseaseFAQS

Tests Commonly Used -Neuropsychological

Examination

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Index
GENETIC TESTING INFO
EARLY HD
MEDICATIONS~DRUGS
Movement Disorder
Medicines
Anxiety-Antidepressant
Medications
Antidepressant Adverse
Effects
Warnings~Adolescents
Under 25
Sertraline ~Zoloft
SSRI's
Anti-psychotic
Medications
Prozac, Luvox, Paxil,
Zoloft & Celexa
Olanzipine &
Risperidone and blood
tests
Creatine
Drugs~General
Cutting Prescriptions
Sites That Help the
Medicine Go Down
Vitamins & Minerals
SYMPTOMS
Why Certain Symptoms
Occur In HD
Tests Commonly Used
-Neuropsychological
Examination
Symptom vs Medication
HD-Disability
HD~Communications

Brain Source: http://www.brainsource.com/nptests.htm

Tests Commonly Used In a Neuropsychological Exam

Neuropsychologists use scientifically validated objective tests to evaluate

functions. While neurological examination and CT, MRI, EEG, and PET sc
structural, physical, and metabolic condition of the brain, the neuropsyc
examination is the only way to formally assess brain function
cover the range of mental processes from simple motor performance to
reasoning and problem solving. In almost all objective tests,
compared with some normative standard, including data from groups of
injured persons and groups of persons with various kinds of brain injury
are based on age and educational achievement, valid comparison can be
between an individual's performance and that of persons in known diagn
categories as well as persons who do not have a diagnosis of brain injur

Qualitative assessment of neuropsychological tests provides a look at

the processes an individual may use in producing the quantitative scores
the pattern of performance among a large number of tests is key to a
neuropsychological assessment. Thus, the selection of tests used in a
neuropsychological test battery should sample a wide range of functiona
combination of objective scores, behavioral process observations, and co
emerging pattern of results, along with comprehensive clinical history, c
art and science of neuropsychological assessment. Most neuropsycholog
unique combination of tests focused on the diagnostic and examination
interest for an individual.

The following alphabetical listing includes some of the more frequently u

in a neuropsychological assessment. Brief descriptions indicate what eac
intended to measure. Some tests are included here that are not, strictly
neuropsychological tests, but that may be used in a comprehensive exam
order to keep test content and applications confidential to preserve their
usefulness, this information is restricted to general comments.
Test Name
Ammons Quick Test

This test has been used for many yea

assess premorbid intelligence. It is a
response picture-vocabulary test.

Aphasia Tests (various)

Several aphasia and language tests e

of competency in receptive and expre
language skills. (e.g., Reitan-Indiana
Screening Test)

Beck Depression or Anxiety

Scales

These scales provide quick assessme

subjective experience of symptoms r
depression or anxiety.

Speech & Swallowing

Difficulties~Lynn
Rhodes
Swallowing Problem
Warning Signs

Purpose of Test

Swallowing Tests
Nutrition and HD~Anna
Gaba (Recipes)
HD & Diet~HSA Fact