What is the difference between layer 2 and layer 3 in the OSI model?

The layer2, Datalink layer is responsible for moving frames

from one hop(node)to the next. And the layer3 which is network
layer is responsible for the delivery of individual packets
from source host to destination host.

What is the difference between a hub, switch, and router?

A HUB is a common connection point for devices in a network. Hubs are commonly used to connect segments of
aLAN. A hub contains multiple ports. When a packet arrives at one port, it is copied to the other ports so that all
segments of the LAN can see all packets.
A SWITCH in networks, a device that filters and forwards packets between LAN segments. Switches operate at
the data link layer (layer 2) and sometimes the network layer (layer 3)
A ROUTER is a device that forwards data packets along networks. A router is connected to at least two networks,
commonly two LANs or WANs or a LAN and its ISP.s network. Routers are located at gateways, the places
where two or more networks connect.

What is a VLAN?

A virtual local area network (VLAN) is a logical group of workstations, servers and network
devices that appear to be on the same LAN despite their geographical distribution.
What is the difference between TCP and UDP?

How do you distinguish a DNS problem from a network problem?

What is a runt, Giant, and collision?

A runt is a packet that fails to meet the minimum size

standard. Ussually below 64 bytes. Occurs as a result of
a collision.
A giant is a packet that exceeds the size standard for the
medium ussually grater then 1518 bytes . Caused by
malfunctioning equipment on your network.
Late collisions are packet collisions that occur after the
window for a network collision closes.

What is a broadcast storm?

A broadcast storm occurs when a network system is overwhelmed by continuous multicast or

broadcast traffic. When different nodes are sending/broadcasting data over a network link, and
the other network devices are rebroadcasting the data back to the network link in response, this
will eventually cause the whole network to melt down and lead to the failure of network
communication.
There are many reasons a broadcast storm occurs, including poor technology, low port rate
switches and improper network configurations.
What is the purpose of VRRP?

The Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) is a computer networking protocol that
provides for automatic assignment of available Internet Protocol (IP) routers to participating
hosts. This increases the availability and reliability of routing paths via automatic default
gateway selections on an IP subnetwork.
What is a VPN?
What information about a peer would I need to establish a VPN?

peer IP address
encryption algorithm examples: DES, 3DES, AES256
hash examples MD5, SHA1
lifetime usually in kbits or seconds
Diffe-Hellman exchange
secret key this is your pre-shared key
What is a full-class C in CIDR notation?

Class C starts at 192.168.1.0 So the answer is 192.168.1.0/24

What is a default route?

A default route of a computer that is participating in computer networking is

the packet forwarding rule (route) taking effect when no other route can be determined for a
givenInternet Protocol (IP) destination address.
What is a metric?

Router metrics are metrics used by a router to make routing decisions

What is a MAC address?

A media access control address (MAC address) is a unique identifier assigned to network
interfaces for communications on the physical network segment
What is ARP/RARP?
Describe a TCP connection sequence
What is MTU?

1.

In computer networking, the maximum transmission unit (MTU) of a

communications protocol of a layer is the size (in bytes) of the largest protocol data
unit that the layer can pass onwards.
What other TCP setting can you modify besides MTU to shorten packets?

Shorten the byte using ping command -l option