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first approximation
Pos ted J UN 22 201 5 by E DVA RD in E N ER GY AN D PO W ER , M OTO R wi th 0 CO MM EN TS
Ca = C M CL
and shall be well calibrated to prevent it from being either too low, so as starting is not too long
and heavy which causes risks of temperature rise for the motor or from being too high
on the joints or on the operating machines.
A generic curve of the above mentioned quantities is shown in the Figure 1 below.
The concept of motor starting time ta can be associated to this concept of properly
calibrated starting and can be evaluated making reference to concepts linked to the motion
dynamics, but also by introducing simplifying hypotheses which allows, however, an evaluation
with a good approximation.
It is possible to relate the acceleration torque, expressed as a difference between the motor
operational torque and the load torque, to the moment of inertia of the motor JM, of the
loadJL and to the motor angular speed, to obtain the following formula:
and it is obtained by differentiating the well known expression for the motor angular speed :
Through simple mathematical operations and applying the method of integral calculus, it is
possible to make the unknown quantity ta explicit by the following expression:
where CS represents the inrush torque and Cmax the maximum torque;
The second one concerns the torque due to the load and which can be correct by applying the
multiplying factor KL linked to the load typology as in Table 1 below.
Lift
Fans
Piston Pumps
Flywheel
0.33
0.5
In order to better understand the significance of the coefficient K L we associate to the type
of load indicated in the table the torque characterizing the starting phase of the load by
means of the following assumptions:
These hypotheses allow to obtain the motor starting time with the aid of the following formula
The starting time allows to define whether a normal or a heavy duty start must be realized and
to choose correctly the protection and switching devices. The above mentioned parameters
relevant to the motor are given by the manufacturer of the motor.
As an example, Table 2 below shows the values that these parameters can take for threephase asynchronous motors of common use and typically present on the market. Obviously
the parameters relevant to the load characterize each single application and must be known by
the designer.
Table 2 Typical values of some electrical and mechanical parameters of a three-phase
asynchronous motor
160 kW
Frequency
50 Hz
Rated speed
1500 rpm
1487 rpm
JM = 2.9 Kgm2
JL = 60 Kgm2
Load torque
CL = 1600 Nm
CN = 1028 Nm
Inrush torque
Max. torque
KL = 1