ISOLATED FOOTING DESIGN EXAMPLE

AND EXCEL SHEET

Isolatedfootingdesignexamplewithstepbystepprocedureandisolatedfooting
designexcelsheet(spreadsheet)isalsoprovidedforeasyandfastcalculation.
Learningdesignwithexamplesisalwaysthebestmethodoflearning.Stepbystep
procedureforstructuraldesignofisolatedfootingisdiscussedbelow:
IsolatedFootingDesignExample:
LetusconsideranisolatedfootingforanRCCcolumnofsize450mmx450mm.Loads
fromthiscolumntothefoundationare:
VerticalLoad:1000kN
UniaxialMoment:100kNm
Thesafebearingcapacity(SBC)ofsoilis300kN/m2.Thegradeofconcretetobeused
isM30andgradeofsteelisFe415.
StepbyStepProcedureofFootingDesign:
Step1:Determiningsizeoffooting:
Loadsonfootingconsistsofloadfromcolumn,selfweightoffootingandweightofsoil
abovefooting.Forsimplicity,selfweightoffootingandweightofsoilonfootingis
consideredas10to15%oftheverticalload.
Loadoncolumn=1000kN
Extraloadat10%ofloadduetoselfweightofsoil=1000x10%=100kN
Therefore,totalloadP=1100kN.

Sizeoffootingtobedesignedcanbesquare,rectangularorcircularinplan.Herewe
willconsidersquareisolatedfooting.
Therefore,lengthoffooting(L)=Widthoffooting(B)

Thereforeareaoffootingrequired=
=1100/300=3.67m2
ProvideLengthandwidthoffooting=2m
Areaoffooting=2x2=4m2
Nowthepressureonisolatedfootingiscalculatedas

Whencalculated,pmax=325kN/m2
pmin=175kN/m2
ButpmaxisgreaterthanSBCofsoil,soweneedtorevisethesizeoffootingsothat
Pmaxisbelow300kN/m2.
Considerwidthandlengthoffooting=L=B=2.25m
Now,pmax=250.21kN/m2(<300kN/m2>OK)
andpmin=144.86kN/m2>0(OK)
Hence,factoredupwardpressureofsoil=pumax=375.315kN/m2
pumin=217.29kN/m2
Further,averagepressureatthecenterofthefootingisgivenbyPu,avg=296.3

kN/m2
and,factoredload,Pu=1500kN,factoreduniaxialmoment,Mu=150kNm.
Step2:Twowayshear
Assumeanuniformoverallthicknessoffooting,D=500mm
Assuming16mmdiameterbarsformainsteel,effectivedepthoffootingdis
d=500508=452mm
Thecriticalsectionforthetwowayshearorpunchingshearoccursatadistanceofd/2
fromthefaceofthecolumn(Fig.1),whereaandbarethedimensionsofthecolumn.

Fig1:CriticalsectionforTwoWayShear(PunchingShear)
Hence,punchingareaoffooting=(a+d)2=(0.45+0.442)2=0.796m2
wherea=b=sideofcolumn

Punchingshearforce=Factoredload(Factoredaveragepressurexpunchingareaof
footing)
=1500(296.3x0.0.796)
=1264.245kN
Perimeteralongthecriticalsection=4(a+d)=4(450+442)=3568mm

Therefore,nominalshearstressinpunchingorpunchingshearstress iscalculatedas
below:

=1264.245x1000/(3568442)=0.802N/mm2

Allowableshearstress=

where

=1.369N/mm2

=1

therefore,allowableshearstress=11.369=1.369N/mm2
Sincethepunchingshearstress(0.802N/mm2)islessthantheallowableshearstress
(1.369N/mm2),theassumedthicknessissufficienttoresistthepunchingshearforce.
Hence,theassumedthicknessoffootingD=500mmissufficient.Pleasenote,there
ismuchdifferencebetweenallowableandactualvaluesofshearstress,sodepthof
footingcanberevisedandreduced.Forourexample,wewillcontinuetouseD=
500mm.

Step3:Designforflexure:
Thecriticalsectionforflexureoccursatthefaceofthecolumn(Fig.2).

Fig.2Criticalsectionforflexure
Theprojectionoffootingbeyondthecolumnfaceistreatedasacantileverslab
subjectedtofactoredupwardpressureofsoil.
Factoredmaximumupwardpressureofsoil,pu,max=375.315kN/m2
Factoredupwardpressureofsoilatcriticalsection,pu=312.1kN/m2
Projectionoffootingbeyondthecolumnface,l=(2250450)/2=900mm
Bendingmomentatthecriticalsectioninthefootingisgivenby:
Mu=TotalforceXDistancefromthecriticalsection
Consideringuniformsoilpressureof375.315,Mu=180kN/m2

0.92
fromSP16,percentageofreinforcementcanbefoundforM30concrete,fe415steel

forabove

pt=0.265%
Ast=ptxbxd

considering1mwidefooting,Astrequired=1171.1mm2/mwidth
Provide16diabar@140mmc/c
Repeatthisexerciseforotherdirectionaswell.Since,uniformbasepressureis
assumed,anditisasquarefooting,MuandAstforotherdirectionwillbesame.
Step4:CheckforOneWayShear:
Thecriticalsectionforonewayshearoccursatadistanceofdfromthefaceofthe
column.
Factoredmaximumupwardpressureofsoil,pu,max=375.315kN/m2
Factoredupwardpressureofsoilatcriticalsection,pu=375.315kN/m2
Forthecantileverslab,totalShearForcealongcriticalsectionconsideringtheentire
widthBis
Vu=TotalForceX(ld)XB
=375.315X(0.90.442)X2=343.8kN
Nominalshearstress=Vu/(Bxd)=0.346N/mm2
For,pt=0.265,andM30,allowableshearforcefromTable19,IS456isgreaterthan
0.346N/mm2
Therefore,thefoundationissafeinonewayshear.
Step5:Checkfordevelopmentlength

Sufficientdevelopmentlengthshouldbeavailableforthereinforcementfromthe
criticalsection.
Here,thecriticalsectionconsideredforLdisthatofflexure.
Thedevelopmentlengthfor16mmdiameterbarsisgivenby
Ld=47xdiameterofbar=47x16=752mm.
Providing60mmsidecover,thetotallengthavailablefromthecriticalsectionis
0.5x(La)60=0.5x(2250450)60=840>Ld,HenceO.K.
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