THICK PRESSURE VESSELS

QNo1: A cylindrical shell whose ends are closed is made of steel plate 3mm thick.
The internal length and diameter of vessel is 50cm and 25cm respectively.
Determine the longitudinal and circumferential stress in the cylindrical shell due to
an internal fluid pressure of 3 x 10 6 N/m2. Also calculate the increase in length,
diameter and volume of the vessel. E=200 x 109 N/m2 1/m = 0.3
QNo 2: A thick cylinder of 150 mm outer radius and 100 mm inner radius is
subjected to an internal pressure of 60N/mm 2. Calculate the maximum and
minimum intensities of circumferential stress across the section.
QNo 3: Write the expressions for stresses in a thick cylinder under internal fluid
pressure and plot the stress distributions. A thick cylinder with internal radius of 8
cm and external radius of 16 cm is subjected to an internal fluid pressure of 80MPa.
Evaluate the radial and circumferential stresses at the inner and outer radii of
cylinder. Also determine the maximum shear stress in the cylinder wall.
QNo 4: A thick cylinder of 100 mm internal radius and 150 mm external radius is
subjected to an internal pressure of 60 MN/m 2 and an external pressure of 30
MN/m2. Determine the hoop and radial stresses at the inside and outside of the
cylinder together with the longitudinal stress if the cylinder is assumed to have
closed ends.
QNo 5: An external pressure of 10 MN/m2 is applied to a thick cylinder of internal
diameter 160 mm and external diameter 320 mm. If the maximum hoop stress
permitted on the inside wall of the cylinder is limited to 30 MN/m2, what maximum
internal pressure can be applied assuming the cylinder has closed ends? What will
be the change in outside diameter when this pressure is applied? E = 207 GN/m2,
= 0.29.
QNo 6:. (a) In an experiment on a thick cylinder of 100 mm external diameter and
50 mm internal diameter the hoop and longitudinal strains as measured by strain
gauges applied to the outer surface of the cylinder were 240 x and 60 x
respectively, for an internal pressure of 90 MN/m 2, the external pressure being zero.
Determine the actual hoop and longitudinal stresses present in the cylinder if E =
208 GN/m2 and v = 0.29. Compare the hoop stress value so obtained with the
theoretical value given by the Lame equations.
(b) Assuming that the above strain readings were obtained for a thick cylinder of
100 mm
external diameter but unkonwn internal diameter calculate this internal diameter.
QNo 7:Find the thickness of the cylinder of hydraulic ram of 50-mm internal
diameter to with stand an internal pressure of 30 MPa.the allowable tensile stress is
limited to 45Mpa and allowable shear stress is to 40MPa.
QNo 8: A thick cylinder of 200 mm outside diameter and 140mm inside diameter is
subjected to internal pressure 40Mpa and external pressure of 24Ma.Determine the
maximum shear stress in the material of the cylinder at the inside diameter.
QNo 9: A thick cylinder of 120 mm outside diameter and 180mm inside diameter
respectively. It is subjected to an external pressure of 9 MPa.find the value of the
internal pressure which can be applied if the maximum shear stress is not to exceed
30MPa.draw the curve showing the variation of hoop and radial stresses through the
material of the cylinder
QNo 10: A thick cylinder closed at the ends has its outer diameter 1.5 times the
inner diameter and subjected to internal pressure only. Another cylinder having the
same dimensions is subjected to an external pressure only. Determine the ratio of
these pressure if
(i)
The maximum hoop stress has same numerical value
(ii)
The maximum hoop strain has same numerical value

Poissions ratio is 0.3

QNo 11: Determine the ratio of thickness to inner diameter of a tube subjected to
internal pressure if the ratio of the internal pressure to maximum circumferential
stress is 0.5
For such tube of 250 mm inside diameter, find the alteration of thickness of metal
when the internal pressure is 80Mpa.E=205MPa.
QNo12:
A
thick
walled
closed
end
cylinder
is
made
of
an
alloy(E=72GPa,=0.33),has inside diameter of 200mm and outside diameter of
800mm . The cylinder is subjected to internal pressure of 150pa.Dtermine the
principal stresses and maximum shear stress at a point on the inside surface of a
cylinder. Also determine the increase inside diameter due to fluid pressure.
QNo13: Find the ratio of thickness to internal diameter for a tube subjected to an
internal pressure when the pressure is 5/8 of the value of maximum permissible
circumferential stress.
Find the increase in diameter of such a tube 100mm internal diameter when
the internal fluid pressure is 80MPa.Also find the change in wall thickness. Take
E=205GPa,=0.29.
QNo14: a steel cylinder of 1000 mm inside diameter is to be designed for an
internal pressure of 4.8MPa.
(i)
The thickness if maximum shearing stress is not exceeds 21MPa.
(ii)
He increase in volume ,due to working pressure, if the cylinder is 7 m
long with closed ends . Take E=200GPa,=0.1/3
QNo15: A steel cylinder of 1000mm inside diameter is to be designed for an
internal pressure of 4.8MPa.Calculate
(i) The thickness if the maximum shearing stresses not to exceed 21 MPa.
(ii) The increase in volume ,due to working pressure ,if the cylinder is 7m long
with closed ends
Take :E=200GPa and poissions ratio=1/3
QNo 16: The internal and external diameters of a thick hollow cylinder are 8cm and
12cm respectively. It is subjected to an external pressure 40MPa when the internal
pressure is 120MPa.Calculate the circumferential stress at the surfaces also
determines the radial and circumferential stresses at the mean radius.
QNo 17: A steel cylinder of 80mm outside diameter is to be shrunk on another steel
cylinder of 8cm inside diameter and 16cm outside diameter. Calculate the shrinkage
allowance if in the compound cylinder the final maximum stress in each cylinder is
the same when it is subjected to an internal pressure Of 35MN/m2. Also find the
value of this stress and draw the stress distribution diagram. Also find initial
difference of diameter before shrinkage? Take E= 200 GN/m2.
QNo 18: A steel hoop of 20cm outer and 13cm inner diameters, is shrunk on a
hollow steel cylinder of 8cm inner diameter ,the pressure of shrinkage is being
20MPa.
When subjected to internal fluid pressure of 70MPa,what will be:
(i) The greatest circumferential stress induced in the cylinder,
(ii) The radial pressure between the cylinder and hoop
(iii)
The greatest circumferential stress in hoop?
QNo19: A compound cylinder is formed by shrinkage one cylinder on to another.
The final diameters are :internal dia.=15cm,Exeter dia.=30ccm and dia.at
junction=25cm.The shrinkage pressure is 10MPa.Calculate the shrinkage allowance.
What is the minimum temperature to be which the outer cylinder must be heated so
that it can be slipped down?
(iv)
Coefficient of linear expansion ,=0.610-3 per 0C.

(v) (b) If a fluid at pressure 12 MPa is now introduced in the cylinder,waht will be
the resultant stresses in the cylinder wall?
QNo 20: A steel cylinder of 10 cm internal diameter and 16 cm external diameter is
strengthening by shrinking another cylinder of the same length on to it. The inside
diameter of this cylinder was originally 15.25 cm. find the external diameter of the
outer cylinder so that the contact pressure after shrinkage will be 200kg/cm 2. Take
E=2*106 kg/cm2.
QNo 21: A compound cylinder is formed by shrinking a tube of 250 mm internal
diameter and 25 mm wall thickness onto another tube of 250 mm external diameter
and 25 mm wall thickness, both tubes being made of the same material. The stress
set up at the junction owing to shrinkage is 10 MN/m2. The compound tube is then
subjected to an internal pressure of 80 MN/m2. Compare the hoop stress distribution
now obtained with that of a single cylinder of 300 mm external diameter and 50 mm
thickness subjected to the same internal pressure.
QNo 22: A compound tube is made by shrinking one tube of 100 mm internal
diameter and 25 mm wall thickness on to another tube of 100 mm external
diameter and 25 mm wall thickness. The shrinkage allowance, based on radius, is
0.01 mm. If both tubes are of steel (with E = 208 GN/m2), calculate the radial
pressure set up at the junction owing to shrinkage.
QNo 23: Two steel rings of radial thickness 30 mm, common radius 70 mm and
length 40 mm are shrunk together to form a compound ring. It is found that the
axial force required to separate the rings, i.e. to push the inside ring out, is 150 kN.
Determine the shrinkage pressure at the mating surfaces and the shrinkage
allowance. E = 208 GN/m2. The coefficient of friction between the junction surfaces
of the two rings is 0.15.
QNo24: (a) A steel sleeve of 150 mm outside diameter is to be shrunk on to a solid
steel shaft of 100 mm diameter. If the shrinkage pressure set up is 15 MN/m 2, find
the initial difference between the inside diameter of the sleeve and the outside
diameter of the shaft.
(b) What percentage error would be involved if the shaft were assumed to be
incompressible?
For steel, E = 208 GN/m2; v = 0.3.
QNo 25: A thick cylinder of 100 mm external diameter and 50 mm internal
diameter is wound with steel wire of 1 mm diameter, initially stressed to 20 MN/m
until the outside diameter is 120 mm. Determine the maximum hoop stress set up
in the cylinder if an internal pressure of 30 MN/m2 is now applied.
SHORT QUESTIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

State any four assumptions made in Lames theory.

What are compound cylinders?
Difference between thick and thin pressure vessels.
How many types of stresses are developed in thick cylinders? Name them
A thick cylinder is subjected to external pressure only. Show by a sketch the
variation of radial and
circumferential stress (qualitative) across the
thickness of the cylinder
6. What are the advantages of compound cylinder?
7. What is compound cylinder?
8. What is shrinkage allowance?

9. What are the resultant stresses?

10. What would happen if we not give the shrinkage allowance?
11. What are the hoop stress?
12. Write down the applications of thick cylinders?
13. What should be done if we have to make shrink-fitted cylinder?
14. Derive an expression for the radial pressure and hoop stress for a thick spherical
shell.
15. What do you mean by Lames equations? How will you derive these equations?
16. Differentiate between a thin cylinder and a thick cylinder. Find an expression for
the radial pressure and hoop stress at any point in case of a thick cylinder.
17. The hoop stress is minimum at the outer surface and is maximum at the inner
surface of a thick cylinder, prove this statement. Sketch the radial pressure
distribution and hoop stress distribution across the section of a thick cylinder.
18 . What do you mean by a thick compound cylinder? How will you determine the
hoop stresses
in a thick compound cylinder?

1. State Lames Theory.

2. What is compound cylinder?
3. What is shrinkage allowance?
4. What are the resultant stresses?
5. What is the diff erence between the thin cylinder and thick cylinders?
6. How many types of stresses are developed in thick cylinders? Name
them.
7. What would happen if we not give the shrinkage allowance?
8. What are the hoop stress?
9. Write down the applications of thick cylinders?
10. What should be done if we have to make shrink-fi tted cylinder?
2. Derive an expression for the radial pressure and hoop stress for a thick
spherical shell.
3. What are the diff erent methods of reducing hoop stresses? Explain the
terms: Wire winding of thin cylinders and shrinkage one cylinder over
another cylinder.
4. What do you mean by Lames equations? How will you derive these
equations?
5. Diff erentiate between a thin cylinder and a thick cylinder. Find an
expression for the radial pressure and hoop stress at any point in case of a
thick cylinder.
6. The hoop stress is minimum at the outer surface and is maximum at
the inner surface of a thick cylinder, prove this statement. Sketch the
radial pressure distribution and hoop stress distribution across the section
of a thick cylinder.
7. What do you mean by a thick compound cylinder? How will you
determine the hoop stresses in a thick compound cylinder?

3. What is a shear centre?

4. Define unsymmetrical bending.