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abash
abate
abbess
abbey
abbot
abbreviate
abdicate
abdomen
abduct
abed
aberrant
abet
abeyance
abhor
abide
abject
abjure
abnegate
abnormal
abominable
abomination
aboriginal
abort
abortive
abound
aboveboard
abrade
abrasive
abridge
abrogate
abscess
abscission
abscond
absence
absolute
absolve
abstain

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abstemious

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abstinence

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abstract
abstruse
abundant
abusive
abut
abysmal
abyss
accede
accentuate
access
accession
accessory

to make ashamed
to put an end to
a female superior or governess of a nunnery
a monastery or society of people
the superior or head of an abbey or monastery
to make shorter
to surrender, renounce or relinquish
the belly/stomach
to take away secretly by force
in bed
straying from the right or normal way
to assist or encourage by aid, especially in crime
temporary inactivity
to loath
to wait for
to cast off or down, to abase
to renounce upon oath
to deny (oneself something)
not conforming to rule or system
very hateful, detestable
anything greatly disliked or abhorred
original or indigenous to a place
to miscarry, to bring forth something prematurely
unsuccessful
to be plentiful, to be very prevalent, to overflow
in open sight, without concealment, or deception
to rub or wear away
rough enough to wear away the outer surface
to shorten in duration
to abolish by authoritative action
to form such a collection of pus
the act of cutting off
to depart secretly
a state of being absent
free from imperfection, complete
to set free from an obligation
refrain from (something)
restraint especially in the consumption of food or
alcohol
voluntary forbearance esp. from indulgence of an
appetite
to separate, to remove, to take away
difficult to comprehend
fully sufficient, in great quantity
treating badly or injuriously
to touch by means of a mutual border, to meet
extremely hopeless, bad, or severe
an immeasurably deep gulf or great space
(obsolete) to approach, to arrive, to come forward
to pronounce with an accent or vocal stress
to gain or obtain access to
to make a record of (additions to a collection)
aiding in a secondary way, being additional,

verb
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acclaim
acclimate

applaud
to habituate to a climate not native
a slope or inclination of the earth, as the side of a
acclivity
hill
accolade
to embrace or kiss in salutation
to adapt, as, to accommodate ourselves to
accommodate
circumstances
accompanime that which gives support or adds to the
nt
background
to perform an accompanying part or parts in a
accompany
composition
accomplice
partner in activity, usually crime
accomplish
to finish successfully
to make to agree or correspond, to suit one thing
accord
to another
accordion
to fold up, in the manner of an accordion
accost
to approach and speak to boldly or aggressively
account
to compute, to count
accouter
to furnish with dress or equipments
accouterment
dress, trappings, equipment
s
accredit
to put or bring into credit, to invest with credit
accretion
growth by slow buildup
accrue
to happen or result as a natural growth, addition
acculturation adopting cultural elements of another culture
accumulate
to heap up in a mass, to collect
accurse
to devote to destruction
accusation
the act of with a crime or with a lighter offense
accuse
to find fault with, to blame
accustom
to make familiar by use, to cause to accept
acerbic
acid in temper, mood or tone
acetate
any salt or ester of acetic acid
acetic
of, pertaining to, or producing vinegar
achillean
invincible
achromatic
without colour
acidulous
slightly sour, sub-acid
to admit the knowledge of, to recognize as a fact
acknowledge
or truth
acknowledgm
the act of acknowledging, admission
ent
acme
the top or highest point, pinnacle, culmination
acoustic
designed to carry sound or to aid in hearing
acquaint
to make familiar
acquiesce
to rest satisfied
acquire
to get
acquisitive
acquired
acquit
to declare or find not guilty, innocent
acreage
size, as measured in acres
sharp and harsh, or bitter and not to the taste,
acrid
pungent
acrimonious of or pertaining to words, arguments, quarrels
bitterness or sharpness of manner, speech,
acrimony
temper
acrophobia
fear of heights

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actionable
actuality
actuarial
actuary
acuity

affording grounds for legal action


the state of existing, existence
of or pertaining to actuaries
registrar, clerk
sharpness or acuteness, as of a needle, wit, etc
quickness of perception or discernment,
101 acumen
penetration of mind
102 acute
sharp
103 ad hoc
specifically for
104 ad infinitum
to infinity
an old saying, which has obtained credit by long
105 adage
use
106 adamant
resistant to reason, determined, inflexible
to make suitable, to make to correspond, to fit or
107 adapt
suit
108 addendum
an addition or change
109 addle
to make or become confused
110 adduce
to cite (as proof)
well skilled, completely versed, thoroughly
111 adept
proficient
112 adhere
to stick fast or cleave, to become joined or united
the ability of a substance to stick to an unlike
113 adhesion
substance
114 adieu
a farewell, a goodbye, especially a fond farewell
115 adjacent
close, or contiguous, neighboring, bordering on
116 adjourn
to postpone
117 adjudge
to declare to be
118 adjudicate
to settle a legal case or other dispute
attached to another in a dependent or subordinate
119 adjunct
position
120 adjuration
a grave warning
121 adjutant
a military officer
one who administers affairs, one who directs or
122 administrator
manages
123 admissible
accepted or allowed, acceptable
124 admittance
the act of admitting
125 admonish
to warn of a fault, to reprove gently, but seriously
126 ado
to do, in doing, as, there is nothing ado
127 adoration
an act of religious worship
128 adorn
to decorate
129 adroit
dexterous
130 adulation
flattery, fulsome praise
to make impure by adding improper, or inferior
131 adulterate
ingredients
132 adumbrate
to foreshadow vaguely
133 advent
coming, arrival
134 adventitious from an external source, not innate or inherent
135 adversary
an enemy
unfavorable, antagonistic in purpose or effect,
136 adverse
hostile
137 adversity
hardship (usually uncountable)
138 advert
to turn attention
139 advisory
able to give advice
140 advocacy
active support

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adjective
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141 advocate

to speak in favor of
the shield or breastplate of zeus or athena,
142 aegis
protection
143 aerial
of, in, or from the air, atmospheric
one who glides through the air in an airship or
144 aeronaut
balloon
145 aerostat
an aircraft that derives its lift from buoyancy
a person who has refined sensitivity towards
146 aesthete
art or nature
147 aesthetic
having a sense of beauty
148 affable
pleasant, easy to approach
149 affect
to influence or alter
150 affiliate
to adopt, to receive into a family as a son, to ally
151 affiliation
the relationship resulting from association
a natural liking for or attraction to a person, thing,
152 affinity
idea
153 affirmation
a declaration that something is true, an oath
pertaining to truth, asserting that something is
154 affirmative
true
155 affix
to attach
156 afflict
to distress with mental/bodily pain
having lots of wealth, property or other material
157 affluent
goods
158 affront
to insult intentionally, especially openly
159 aficionado
a fan or devotee
160 afire
on fire
161 afoot
on foot
162 aforesaid
a previously stated statement
163 afresh
anew
an official language of south africa,
164 afrikaans
developed out of dutch
165 agglomerate to wind or collect into a ball, to gather into a mass
166 aggrandize
to widen in scope
167 aggravate
to make worse, or more severe
168 aggregate
to bring together, to collect into a mass or sum
169 aggress
to set upon, to attack
170 aggrieve
to give pain or sorrow to, to afflict, to oppress
171 aghast
terrified, struck with amazement
172 agile
active, quick and coordinated
173 agitate
to move with a violent, irregular action
174 agnostic
the doubt of a higher power/being
175 agog
in eager desire, eager, astir
of, or relating to, the ownership and cultivation of
176 agrarian
land
177 agriculture
the art or science of cultivating the ground
a military officer who assists a higher ranking
178 aide-de-camp
officer
179 ailment
a disease, sickness
180 akin
related by blood, similar
181 alabaster
a finely granular variety of gypsum
182 alacrity
cheerful readiness
183 albeit
although, even if
a person, plant or animal with a deficiency in
184 albino
pigmentation

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185 alchemy
186 alcoholism
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alcove
alder
alderman
alias
alibi
alien
alienate
aliment

195 alimony
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alkali
allay
allege
allegiance
allegory
alleviate

202 alliance
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allocate
allot
alloy
allude

207 allure
208 allusion
209 alluvion
210 ally
211 almanac
212 aloft
213 aloof
214 altar
215 alter
216 alteration
217 altercate
218 alternate
219 alternative
220 altitude
221 alto
222 altruism
223 amalgam
224 amalgamate

the search for a universal panacea (became


noun
chemistry)
a chronic disorder characterized by dependence
noun
on alcohol
a small recessed area set off from a larger room
noun
belonging to the birch tree family
noun
a member of several municipal legislative bodies noun
a false name used to conceal one's identity
noun
an excuse, especially to avoid blame
noun
a person who has been estranged or excluded
noun
to make indifferent or hostile
verb
that which nourishes, food
noun
a court-enforced allowance made to a former
noun
spouse
one of a class of caustic bases
noun
to make quiet or put at rest, to pacify or appease verb
to assert without proof
verb
loyalty to a person, group, or cause
noun
a symbolic narrative
noun
to make easier to endure, lessen
verb
the state of being allied, the act of allying or
noun
uniting
to assign or plot
verb
to distribute by lot
verb
to mix
verb
to refer casually or indirectly
verb
to invite by something flattering or acceptable, to
verb
entice
an indirect reference, a hint, a reference to
noun
something
overflow, flood
noun
to unite, or form a connection between
verb
a book or table listing nautical, astronomical, etc.
noun
Events
in or into the air
adverb
reserved and remote, physically or emotionally
adjective
distant
a table or similar flat-topped structure for religious
noun
rites
to change the form or structure of
verb
the act of making different
noun
to argue, quarrel or wrangle with someone
verb
to perform by turns or in succession, interchange
verb
regularly
relating to a choice between two or more
adjective
possibilities
the height measured from sea level up to any
noun
given point
a musical section higher than tenor and lower than
noun
soprano
regard for others, both natural and moral,
noun
kindness
a combination of different things
noun
blend, merge
verb

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amass
amateur
amatory
ambiance
ambidextrous
ambiguous
ambitious

to collect into a mass or heap


verb
non-professional
adjective
of or relating to love
adjective
mood, quality, atmosphere
noun
having equal ability in both hands
adjective
to be vague, non-specific
adjective
possessing, or controlled by ambition
adjective
experiencing contradictory feelings, beliefs, or
232 ambivalent
adjective
motivations
233 amble
slow walk, stroll
noun
234 ambrosial
succulently sweet or fragrant
adjective
emergency vehicle that transports sick or injured
235 ambulance
noun
people
to relocate one's self under the power of one's
236 ambulate
verb
own legs
to act of lying in concealment as to attack by
237 ambush
verb
surprise
238 ameliorate
to make or become better, to improve
verb
239 amenable
open to influence or advice, agreeable
adjective
240 amend
to make better, to change
verb
241 amenity
pleasantness
noun
242 americanism a trait particuliar to the us or its citizens
noun
243 amiable
friendly, sociable
adjective
244 amicable
peaceable, characterized by showing goodwill
adjective
245 amiss
wrong, faulty, out of order, improper
adjective
the cooperative and supportive relationship
246 amity
noun
between people
247 amnesty
to grant a pardon (to a group)
verb
248 amoral
being neither moral nor immoral
adjective
249 amorous
inclined to love, having a propensity to love
adjective
250 amorphous
lacking definite form
adjective
251 amour
a love affair
noun
252 ampere
the base si unit of electrical current
noun
253 ampersand
the symbol "&"
noun
254 amphibious
able to live in water and on land
adjective
a semi-circular acoustic backdrop for an outdoor
255 amphitheater
noun
venue
large, great in size, extent, capacity, or bulk,
256 ample
adjective
spacious
the measure of something's size, largeness,
257 amplitude
noun
magnitude
258 amply
abundantly
adverb
to surgically remove a part of the body, especially
259 amputate
verb
a limb
260 amusement
entertainment
noun
a chronological mistake, the erroneous dating of
261 anachronism
noun
an event
a word/phrase formed from another rearranging its
262 anagram
noun
letters
263 analgesic
of or relating to analgesia, anodyne
adjective
corresponding to something else, bearing some
264 analogous
adjective
resemblance
265 analogy
similarity between like features of two things
noun
266 analyst
someone who analyzes
noun

267 analyze
268 anarchy
269 anathema
270 anatomy
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275

ancestry
ancillary
anecdote
anemia
anemometer

276 anesthesia
277 anew
278 angelic
279 anglo-saxon
280 anglophobia
281 anguish
282 angular

to subject to analysis
verb
a state of society without government or law
noun
a person or thing detested or loathed
noun
the art of studying the different parts of an
noun
organized body
condition as to ancestors, ancestral lineage
noun
subordinate, secondary, auxiliary, accessory
adjective
a short account of a history, usually amusing
noun
a medical condition of too little hemoglobin
noun
a device to measure wind speed
noun
a method of preventing sensation, used to
noun
eliminate pain
over again
adverb
belonging to, resembling, or proceeding from,
adjective
angels
native or inhabitant of england prior to the norman
adjective
conquest
fear or dislike of england
noun
to suffer pain
verb
relating to an angle or angles, having an angle or
adjective
angles
free from water
adjective

283 anhydrous
animadversio
284
a criticism, a critical remark
noun
n
an older term for a microscopic animal or
285 animalcule
noun
protozoan
286 animate
to impart motion or the appearance of motion to verb
287 animosity
strong hostility
noun
the basic impulses and instincts which govern
288 animus
noun
one's actions
289 annal
occurring once a year
noun
290 annex
to add something to another, to incorporate into
verb
291 annihilate
to reduce to nothing, to destroy, to eradicate
verb
292 annotate
to add annotation
verb
a specified income payable at stated intervals for
293 annuity
noun
period
294 annul
to formally revoke the validity of
verb
295 annunciation the act of announcing something
noun
electrode of an electrochemical cell where
296 anode
noun
oxidation occurs
297 anoint
to rub or sprinkle on
verb
deviating from what is standard, expected or
298 anomalous
adjective
normal
a deviation from a rule or from what is regarded as
299 anomaly
noun
normal
the quality or state of being anonymous,
300 anonymity
noun
anonymousness
301 antagonism
a strong natural dislike or hatred, antipathy
noun
302 ante
risks, stakes
verb
303 antecede
to go before, to precede
verb
a small room used as an entryway area to a larger
304 antechamber
noun
room
305 antedate
to occur before an event or time, to predate
verb
306 antediluvian old, ancient
adjective

of or relating to morning, that happens in the


morning
being or occurring prior to the creation of the
antemundane
world
antenatal
occurring or existing before birth
anterior
before in place
anteroom
a waiting room, a small room before a larger one
anthology
a book or collection of writings
anthracite
a slow-burning coal
anthropocentr giving preference to humans above all other
ic
considerations
anthropoid
having characteristics of a human being
anthropology the holistic scientific and social study of humanity
anthropomorp
resembling a human being
hous
antic
a ludicrous or extravagant gesture
antichrist
one who works against the teachings of christ
antidepressan a substance that is used in the treatment
t
of mood disorders
antidote
a remedy to counteract the effects of poison
a toxin that induces an immune response in the
antigen
body
antilogy
a contradiction in related terms or ideas
antipathy
a deep seated feeling of dislike
antiphon
a devotional piece of music sung responsively
antiphony
alternate, responsive singing by a two part choir
any two places that are on opposite sides of the
antipodes
earth
a person who is knowledgeable of, or who collects
antiquary
antiques
antiquate
to cause to become old or obsolete
antique
of, or belonging to the past, not modern
of, or relating to antisepsis, or the use of
antiseptic
antiseptics
antislavery
opposed to the practice of slavery
referring to something that suppresses spasms,
antispasmodic
like a drug
antistrophe
the second section of an ancient Greek choral ode
a proposition diametrically opposite of another
antithesis
proposition
a substance, formed in the body, that counters a
antitoxin
toxin
antonym
a word which has the opposite meaning of another
greatly concerned, respecting something future or
anxious
unknown
any system that separates people according to
apartheid
race
complete lack of emotion or motivation about
apathy
something
aperture
an opening or gap in something
apex
the highest point of something
aphorism
a saying embodying a general truth
apiary
a place where bees and their hives are kept
aplomb
self-confidence, poise, composure

307 antemeridian

adjective

308

adjective

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adjective
adjective
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verb
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346 apocryphal

of doubtful authenticity
the point in orbit around Earth when the object is
347 apogee
farthest
348 apolitical
having no interest or involvement in politics
349 apostasy
the renunciation of a belief or set of beliefs
350 apostate
a person who forsakes his religion, cause, party
351 apostle
a missionary, or leader of a religious mission
a person who makes and provides/sells drugs
352 apothecary
and/or medicines
a short, witty, instructive saying, an aphorism or
353 apothegm
maxim
the fact or action of becoming or making into a
354 apotheosis
god
355 appalling
causing dismay or horror
356 apparent
capable of being seen, or easily seen
a supernatural appearance of a person or thing,
357 apparition
like a ghost
358 appease
pacify or placate
359 appellate
describing something that is appealed to
360 append
to add as supplement or in addition
361 appertain
to relate to
362 applicable
suitable for application, relevant, appropriate
363 application
the act of putting to a special use or purpose
364 apportion
to divide and distribute portions of a whole
365 apposite
appropriate, relevant, well-suited, fit
366 appraise
to assess the value or quality of
367 apprehend
to take or seize, to take hold of
368 apprehensive anticipating something with anxiety or fear
a person who's learning a trade from a skilled
369 apprentice
employer
370 apprise
to notify, or to make aware, to inform
371 approbation approval
372 appropriate
suitable or fitting for a particular purpose
373 appurtenance an appendage added to something else
374 apropos
of an appropriate or pertinent nature
375 aptitude
natural ability to acquire knowledge or skill
376 aquatic
relating to water
377 aqueduct
a small canal containing fluid
378 aqueous
consisting mostly of water
379 arable
suitable for cultivation, such as by ploughing
380 arbiter
a person empowered to make decisions
381 arbitrary
random, not based on reason or system
382 arbitrate
to judge, to umpire
a person delegated the authority to settle a
383 arbitrator
dispute
384 arbor
a shady sitting place, usually in a park or garden
385 arboreal
of or relating to trees
386 arboriculture the cultivation of trees and shrubs
387 arcade
a row of arches
388 arcane
known or understood by very few
the scientific study of historic or prehistoric people
389 archaeology
s
390 archaic
of or characterized by antiquity

adjective
noun
adjective
noun
noun
noun
noun
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adjective
adjective
noun
verb
adjective
verb
verb
adjective
noun
verb
adjective
verb
verb
adjective
noun
verb
noun
adjective
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adjective
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verb
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adjective

391 archangel
392 archbishop
393 archdeacon
394 archetype
395
396
397
398
399

archipelago
archive
ardent
ardor
arduous

400 aria
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409

arid
aristocrat
armada
armful
armistice
armory
aroma
arouse
arraign

410 arrange
411
412
413
414

arrangement
arrant
arrear
arrogant

415 arrogate
416 arroyo
417 arsenal
418 artesian
419
420
421
422
423
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425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436

artful
arthurian
articulate
artifact
artifice
artisan
artless
ascendant
ascent
ascertain
ascetic
ascribe
aseptic
asexual
ashen
asinine
askance
askew

a powerful angel that leads many other angels


noun
a senior bishop who is in charge of an archdiocese noun
(anglican,eastern orthodox) a senior
noun
administrative official
the original model from which all similar things are
noun
copied
a cluster of island
noun
any extensive record or collection of data
noun
intensely devoted, fervent, passionate
adjective
passion
noun
difficult and tiring
adjective
a musical piece written for a solo voice with
noun
accompaniment
extremely dry
adjective
one of a ruling class, a noble
noun
a fleet of warships
noun
the amount an arm or arms can hold
noun
a formal agreement to end fighting
noun
a place where arms (weapons) are kept
noun
smell (usually in relation to food)
noun
to evoke or awaken a feeling, emotion or response verb
to officially charge someone in a court of law
verb
to set up, to organize, especially in a positive
verb
manner
the act of arranging
noun
complete, total
adjective
work to be done, obligation
noun
haughty, conceited
adjective
assume, take or claim (something) without
verb
justification
a small watercourse, usually dry except for heavy
noun
rains
a collection or supply of weapons or munitions
noun
pertaining to a well in which water rises from
adjective
pressure
performed with, or characterized by, art or skill
adjective
of or relating to the legend of king arthur
adjective
express (an idea of feeling) fluently and coherently verb
an object made or shaped by humans
noun
a crafty but underhanded deception
noun
a worker in a skilled trade
noun
having or displaying no guile, cunning, or deceit
adjective
rising, moving upward
adjective
the act of ascending a motion upwards
noun
to find out definitely, to discover or establish
verb
a person who practices severe self-discipline
noun
to attribute a cause or characteristic to something verb
free of disease-causing microbes
adjective
having no distinct sex, having no interest in sex
adjective
of the pale gray color of ash
adjective
foolish, unintelligent or silly
adjective
turned to the side, especially of the eyes
adjective
turned or twisted to one side
adjective

437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446

asperity
aspersion
aspiration
aspire
assail
assailant
assassin
assay
assent
assert

447 assess
448 assessor
449 asset
450 asseverate
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467

assiduous
assignee
assimilate
assonance
assonant
assonate
assuage
assurance
astound
astral
astringent
astute
asunder
asylum
atheist
athirst
athwart

468 atomizer
469 atone
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477

atrocious
atrocity
atrophy
attache
attain
attainment
attenuate
attest

478 attribute
479 attrition
480 atypical
481 auburn
482 audacious
483 audible

harshness of tone or manner


an attack on somebody's reputation or good name
ambition, goal
to hope or dream, especially towards a profession
to make a concerted of violent attach on
someone who attacks or assails another violently
to assassinate
to examine or analyze
to agree to, give approval to
to state a fact or belief confidently and forcefully
to determine, estimate or judge the value of, to
evaluate
one who assesses a property for tax evaluation
something or someone of any value
to declare earnestly, seriously, or positively, to
affirm
diligent, industrious
one to whom a thing is assigned
to take in and incorporate as one's own
the repetition of similar or identical vowel sounds
having successive similar vowel sounds
to correspond in (particularly vowel) sounds
make an unpleasant feeling less intense
a declaration tending to inspire full confidence
to overwhelm with amazement
relating to or resembling the stars, starry
sharp, caustic, severe
shrewd, sharp
apart, divided
a place of safety
of or relating to atheists or atheism, atheistic
thirsty
across, crosswise
an instrument for reducing a liquid to spray or
vapor
to make reparation, compensation, or amends, for
an offence
frightful, evil, cruel or monstrous
an extremely wicked or cruel act
to wither or waste away
an official associated with an embassy
to accomplish, to achieve
the act of arriving at or reaching
to reduce in size, force, value, amount, or degree
to affirm to be correct, true, or genuine
to ascribe (something) to a given cause, reason
etc
wearing or grinding down by friction
not conforming to the normal type
of a reddish-brown colour
showing willingness to take bold risks, recklessly
daring
capable of being heard

noun
noun
noun
verb
verb
noun
verb
verb
verb
verb
verb
noun
noun
verb
adjective
noun
verb
noun
adjective
verb
verb
noun
verb
adjective
adjective
adjective
adjective
noun
adjective
adjective
adv
noun
verb
adjective
noun
verb
noun
verb
noun
verb
verb
verb
noun
adjective
adjective
adjective
adjective

an official verification of records, especially


noun
financial
a trial to test a performer's suitability for
audition
noun
something
auditor
a person appointed to examine accounting records noun
auditory
of, or relating to hearing
adjective
augment
to make bigger
verb
augur
to foretell events, to exhibit signs of future events verb
augury
a divination based on the behaviour of animals
noun
august
inspiring reverence or admiration, majestic
adjective
augustinian
pertaining to st. augustine of hippo
noun
distinctive atmosphere or quality associated with
aura
noun
something
aural
of or pertaining to the ear
adjective
aureole
any encircling ring of light, halo
noun
auricle
the outer ear or pinna
noun
auriferous
containing or producing gold, gold-bearing
adjective
an atmospheric phenomenon creating bands of
aurora
noun
light in the sky
auroral
pertaining to the dawn
adjective
auspice
patronage or protection
noun
austere
severe or strict in manner, attitude, or appearance adjective
autarchy
a condition of absolute power
noun
authentic
of the same origin as claimed, genuine
adjective
of, or relating to, absolute obedience to an
authoritarian
adjective
authority
autobiograph
a self-written biography, the story of one's own life noun
y
a form of government in which one individual
autocracy
noun
holds all power
autocrat
an absolute ruler with infinite power
noun
a robot designed to follow a sequence of
automaton
noun
instructions
a post-mortem examination to discover the cause
autopsy
noun
of death
autumnal
of or relating to autumn
adjective
auxiliary
helping, giving assistance or support
adjective
avalanche
a large mass of snow sliding suddenly downward noun
innovative, pioneering, especially when obviously
avant-garde
adjective
so
avarice
greediness over wealth, covetousness
noun
avatar
an incarnation or manifestation of a person or idea noun
to vindicate by inflicting pain or evil on a
avenge
verb
wrongdoer
aver
to state or assert to be the case
verb
averse
to turn away
verb
avert
to turn aside or away
verb
aviary
an enclosure for keeping birds confined
noun
avid
having or showing keen interest
adjective
avidity
greediness, strong appetite
noun
avocation
a calling away, a diversion
noun
avow
assert or confess openly
verb
avuncular
in the manner of an uncle, pertaining to an uncle adjective
awaken
to cause to become awake
verb

484 audit
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526

527 awe
528 awry
529 axiom

to inspire fear and reverence


crooked, distorted, out of place
a self-evident truth requiring no proof
an affirmative vote, one who votes in the
530 aye
affirmative
(Islam) the call to prayer proclaimed five times a d
531 azan
ay
532 azure
a light, purplish shade of blue
533 bacchanalian riotously drunken
534 baconian
of or pertaining to the philosopher Francis Bacon
535 bacterium
a single celled organism with no nucleus
536 badger
to pester, to annoy persistently
537 badinage
playful raillery, banter
538 baffle
totally bewilder, confuse or perplex
539 bailiff
a legal officer, similar to a sheriff or deputy
540 baize
a woollen fabric resembling felt
a large, wrapped bundle of something (ie, cotton,
541 bale
hay)
542 baleful
threatening harm, menacing
543 balk
to pass over or by
544 ballast
any heavy material used to stabilize a ship
a sweet-smelling oil or resin derived from various
545 balsam
plants
so lacking in originality as to be obvious and
546 banal
boring
547 bandy
to give and receive reciprocally, to exchange
548 bane
a cause of great distress or annoyance
the playful and friendly exchange of teasing
549 banter
remarks
550 bar
551 barb
552 barcarole
553
554
555
556
557
558
559

bard
baritone
barograph
barometer
barrage
barren
barrister

560 barterer
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570

bashful
bask
bass
baste
bastion
bathos
baton
battalion
batten
battery

except fro, apart from

verb
adjective
noun
noun
noun
adjective
adjective
adjective
noun
verb
noun
verb
noun
noun
noun
adjective
verb
noun
noun
adjective
verb
noun
noun
prepositi
on

a sharp projection near the end of an arrow or


noun
similar item
a venetian folk song traditionally sung by
noun
gondoliers
a poet, often one who plays an instrument
noun
the male voice between tenor and bass
noun
a recording aneroid barometer
noun
an instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure noun
to bombard someone with something
verb
empty, vacant
adjective
a lawyer who pleads in court
noun
one who trades goods for other goods without
noun
involving money
shy, inclined to avoid notice
adjective
to revel in, to lie exposed to warmth and light
verb
of sound which is low in pitch or frequency
adjective
to sew with long, loose stitches
verb
a projecting part of a rampart or other fortification noun
depth, bottom
noun
a short stick or staff used to conduct
noun
a large body of troop ready for battle
noun
to become better, improve in condition
verb
a fortified emplacement for heavy guns
noun

571 bauble
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600

bawdy
bawl
beam
beatific
beatify
beatitude
beau
becalm
beck
bedaub
bedeck
bedlam
bedraggle
befog
befriend
befuddle
beget
begrudge
beguile
behemoth
behest
belabor
belay
beleaguer
belie
belle
bellicose
belligerent
bellwether

601 bemoan
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612

bemuse
benediction
benefactor
benefice
beneficial
beneficiary
benefit
benevolent
benign
benison
bent

613 bequeath
614 berate
615 bereave
616 bereft
617 beret
618 berserk
619 berth

a cheap showy ornament piece of jewellery, a


gewgaw
soiled, dirty
to shout or utter in a loud and intense manner
to emit beams of light, shine, radiate,
blessed, blissful, heavenly
to make blissful
supreme, utmost bliss and happiness
a frequent or attentive male companion
to make calm or still, make quiet, calm
a stream or small river
to smear upon, to soil
to deck, ornament, or adorn, to grace
a place or situation of chaotic uproar
to make something wet and limp
to envelop in fog
to make a friend of
to perplex or confuse (someone)
to cause, to produce
to be reluctant
to deceive or delude craftily
a huge or monstrous creature
to promise, vow
to work at something more than necessary
to surround, environ, enclose
to lay siege to
to lie around, encompass
an attractive woman
demonstrating aggression and willingness to fight
hostile, aggressive
the leading sheep of a flock, usually wearing a bell
to complain about, to dismay or worry about
something
to confuse or bewilder
the utterance or bestowing of a blessing
somebody who gives one a gift
to bestow a benefice upon
helpful or good to something or someone
one who benefits or receives an advantage
to be or to provide a benefit to
having a disposition to do good
gentle, kindly
a blessing, benediction
curved, crooked
to pass or to leave something over to someone
else
scold, chide
to deprive by or as if by violence, rob, strip
deprived
a type of round, brimless cap with a soft top and a
headband
furiously violent or out of control
to bring (a ship or vehicle) into its berth

noun
adjective
verb
verb
adjective
verb
noun
noun
verb
noun
verb
verb
noun
verb
verb
verb
verb
verb
verb
verb
noun
verb
verb
verb
verb
verb
noun
adjective
adjective
noun
verb
verb
noun
noun
verb
adjective
noun
verb
adjective
adjective
noun
adjective
verb
verb
verb
adjective
noun
adjective
verb

620
621
622
623
624

beseech
beset
besmear
besmirch
bestial

625 bestow
626 bestrew
627
628
629
630
631
632
633

bestride
bete noire
bethink
betide
betimes
betroth
bevel

634 bewilder
635 bibliography
636 bibliomania
637 bibliophile
638 bibulous
639 bicameral
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654

bicker
bide
biennial
bier
bifurcate
bigamy
bight
bigot
bilateral
bilge
bilingual
bilious
bilk
billow
biography

655 biped
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663

birthright
bitterness
bivouac
bizarre
blanch
bland
blandish
blare

664 blas
665 blaspheme

to beg or implore
verb
to surround or hem in
verb
to smear over, sully
verb
to make dirty, to soil
verb
beast-like
adjective
to lay up in store, deposit for safe keeping, stow,
verb
place
to strew or scatter about, throw or drop here and
verb
there
to be astride something
verb
something especially disliked or dreaded
noun
to think about, to recollect
verb
to happen to
verb
before the usual or expected time
adv
to promise to give in marriage
verb
to give a canted edge to a surface
verb
to cause someone to become perplexed and
verb
confused
a section of a written work with citations to all
noun
references
the obsession of owning valuable books
noun
one who loves books
noun
very absorbent
adjective
pertaining to, two separate legislative chambers or
adjective
houses
to quarrel in a tiresome, insulting manner
verb
(chiefly dialectal) to bear, to endure, to tolerate
verb
happening every two years
adjective
a litter to transport the corpse of a dead person
noun
to divide or fork into two channels or branches
verb
the state of having two spouses simultaneously
noun
a corner, bend, or angle
noun
a person utterly intolerant of any differing opinion noun
having two sides
adjective
the widest circumference or belly of a cask
noun
fluent in two languages
adjective
peevish, irritable
adjective
to obtain money fraudulently
verb
present participle of billow
verb
a written account of another person's life
noun
an animal, or being that goes about on two feet or
noun
legs
something owed since birth, due to inheritance
noun
the quality of having a bitter taste
noun
to set up camp
verb
strangely unconventional in style or appearance
adjective
to grow or become white
verb
mild, soft, gentle
adjective
to persuade someone by using flattery, to cajole
verb
to make a loud sound
verb
uninterested because of frequent exposure or
adjective
indulgence
to speak against god or religious doctrine
verb

666
667
668
669
670
671

blatant
blaze
blazon
bleak
blemish
blight

672 blithe
673 blithesome
674 bloated
675 blockade
676 bluff
677 blunder
678 blunderbuss
679 blurt
680 boatswain
681 bode
682 bodice
683
684
685
686
687

bodily
bogus
boisterous
bole
bolero

688 boll
689 bolster
690 bomb
691 bombard
692 bombardier
693 bombast
694 bombastic
695 bon mot
696 bona fide
697 bondage
698
699
700
701
702
703
704

booming
boon
boor
borough
bosom
botanize
botany

705 bountiful
706 bourgeois
707 bovine
708 bowdlerize
709 bowler

obvious
a bright flame or fire
to describe a coat of arms
bare, desolate
spoil the appearance of
to suffer blight
showing a casual indifference which is callous or
improper
happy or spriteful, carefree
swollen, puffed up
an obstruction of passage or progress
to mislead by a display of self-confidence or
strength
to make a stupid mistake
an action regarded as lacking in subtlety
to speak quickly or without thought
an officer on a
vessel, in charge of rigging, cables, etc
to indicate by signs, as future events
the part of a woman's dress covering between
neck and waist
of, relating to, or concerning the body
counterfeit or fake, not genuine
noisy, energetic, rowdy
the trunk or stem of a tree
a lively spanish dance
the rounded seed-bearing capsule of a cotton or
flax plant
to support or strengthen
to attack using one or more bombs, to bombard
to attack something with bombs or other missiles
a bomber crew member who sights and releases
bombs
high-sounding language with little meaning
ostentatiously lofty in style
a witty remark or comment, clever saying, witticis
m
genuine, real
the state of being enslaved or the practice of
slavery
having a great period of prosperity
a thing that is helpful or beneficial
a rude, unmannerly person
a fortified town, a town or city
in a very close relationship
to study plants or plant life
the scientific study of plants, a branch of biology
having a quantity or amount that is generous or
plentiful
a member of the middle class
of, relating to, or affecting cattle
to remove those parts of a text considered
offensive, vulgar
one who engages in the sport of bowling

adjective
noun
verb
adjective
verb
verb
adjective
adjective
adjective
noun
verb
verb
noun
verb
noun
verb
noun
adjective
adjective
adjective
noun
noun
noun
verb
verb
verb
noun
noun
adjective
adjective
adjective
noun
adjective
noun
noun
noun
adjective
verb
noun
adjective
noun
adjective
verb
noun

710 boycott
711 brackish
712 brae
713
714
715
716
717
718

braggart
brandish
brash
bravado
brawn
bray

719 braze
720 brazen
721 brazier
722 breach
723 breadth
724 breaker
725 breech
726 brethren
727 brevity
728 bric-a-brac
729 bridle
730
731
732
733

brigade
brigadier
brigand
brimstone

734 brindled
735 brine
736 bristle
737 britannia
738 briticism
739 brittle
740 broach
741 broadcast
742 brogan
743 brogue
744 brokerage
745 bromide
746 bromine
747 bronchitis
748 bronchus

to abstain, either as an individual or group


verb
salty or slightly salty, as a mixture of fresh and sea
adjective
water
the sloping bank of a river-valley, any slope or
noun
hillside
someone who boasts
noun
to move or swing a weapon back and forth
verb
impetuous or rash
adjective
a swaggering show of defiance or courage
noun
strong, well-developed muscles
noun
of a donkey, to make it cry
verb
the joining together of two metal pieces without
verb
melting
bold and without shame
adjective
a barbecue
noun
an act of breaking a law, agreement or code of
noun
conduct
the extent or measure of how broad or wide
noun
something is
something that breaks
noun
the lower, rear trunk of the body
noun
fellow members
noun
concise and exact use of words in writing or
speech
small ornaments, other miscellaneous items of
noun
little value
part of the harness of a horse, consisting of bit and
noun
reins
to form troops into a brigade
verb
an army rank, an officer commanding a brigade
noun
an outlaw or bandit
noun
about or pertaining to hell
adjective
of a brownish, tawny or gray colour, with streaks
adjective
or spots
to preserve food in a salt solution
verb
to be on one's guard or raise one's defenses
verb
the ancient Roman name for Great Britain
noun
an idiom used in britain but not in other engnoun
speaking areas
liable to break or snap easily under stress or
adjective
pressure
to mention or suggest for the first time
verb
to transmit a message or signal via electronic
verb
means
a heavy working shoe, a brogue
noun
to speak with an accent
verb
a company whose business is to act as a broker
noun
a binary compound of bromine and some other
noun
element
a non-metallic chemical element, one of the
noun
halogens
an inflammation of the bronchi of the lungs
noun
the primary branches of the trachea, leading into
noun
the lungs

749 brooch
750 brotherhood
751 brouhaha
752 browbeat
753 browse
754 bruit
755 brunt
756
757
758
759
760

brusque
bucolic
buffet
buffoon
bulbous

761 bullion
762 bullock
763 bulrush
764 bulwark
765 bumptious
766 bungalow
767 bungle
768 buoyant
769 bureau
770 bureaucracy
771 burgeon
772 burgess
773 burgher
774 burlesque
775 burly
776 burnish
777
778
779
780

bursar
bustle
butte
buttress

781 buxom
782 bylaw
783 byline
784
785
786
787

cabal
cabalism
cabinet
cacophony

womens jewellery having a pin to be fixed to


noun
garments
the state of being brothers or a brother
noun
a stir, a fuss or uproar
noun
to bully in an intimidating, bossy, or supercilious
verb
way
to casually look through in order to find items of
verb
interest
to spread, promulgate or disseminate a rumour,
verb
news etc
the chief consequences or negative results of
noun
something
rudely abrupt, unfriendly
adjective
a pastoral poem
noun
a blow, typically with the hand or fist
noun
to behave like a buffoon
verb
having the shape of or resembling a bulb, bloated adjective
a bulk quantity of precious metal, usually gold or
noun
silver
a castrated bull
noun
any of several wetland herbs
noun
to fortify something with a wall or rampart
verb
obtrusively pushy, self-assertive to a pretentious
adjective
extreme
a small house or cottage usually having a single
noun
story
to botch up, bumble or incompetently perform a
verb
task
having buoyancy, able to float
adjective
office
noun
structure and regulations in place to control
noun
activity
begin to grow or increase rapidly
verb
an inhabitant of a borough with full rights, a
noun
citizen
a citizen, especially one belonging to middle class noun
to make a burlesque parody of
verb
large, well-built, and muscular
adjective
to make smooth or shiny by rubbing, to polish, to
verb
shine
the treasurer of a university, college or school
noun
to move busily and energetically with fussiness
verb
an isolated hill with steep sides and a flat top
noun
to provide a structure with projecting supports
verb
having a voluptuous figure, especially having large
adjective
breasts
a rule governing a corporation or
noun
society's internal affairs
a line in a newspaper naming the writer of an
noun
article
a secret political clique or faction
noun
the principles or doctrines of the cabala
noun
a cupboard for storing or displaying articles
noun
a harsh, discordant mixture of sounds
noun

a dead body, especially of a human to be


dissected
789 cadence
a modulation or inflection of the voice
790 cadenza
an elaborate solo passage in a piece of music
791 cadet
a student in training at a military school
ask for or obtain something to which one is not
792 cadge
entitled
793 caitiff
especially despicable, cowardly
persuade someone to do something by flattery or
794 cajole
coaxing
an event causing great and often sudden damage
795 calamity
or distress
796 calculable
able to be calculated
797 calculus
a particular method of calculation
798 calescence
growing warm, increasing in heat
799 calibrate
to check or adjust by comparison with a standard
800 calibre
degree of capacity or competence, ability
801 callosity
hardheartedness
showing a cruel and insensitive disregard for
802 callous
others
803 callow
immature or inexperienced
804 calorific
pertaining to conversion into heat
805 calumniate
to make false and defamatory statements
806 calumny
a misrepresentation intended to discredit another
a sculpture of the crucifixion on a piece of raised
807 calvary
ground
808 calvinism
the doctrines and teachings of john calvin
809 calvish
like a calf, stupid
810 camaraderie mutual trust and friendship among people
811 cameo
a brief appearance of a prominent actor in a video
work in an organized and active way toward a
812 campaign
particular goal
a member of a people that inhabited ancient
813 canaanite
palestine
a false or misleading report, especially if
814 canard
deliberately so
815 canary
to dance nimbly (as in the canary dance)
816 candid
free from prejudice, impartial
817 candor
whiteness, brilliance
818 canine
of, or pertaining to, a dog or dogs
819 canny
careful, prudent, cautious
820 canon
a generally accepted principle
821 cant
to speak with the jargon of a class or subgroup
822 cantankerous ill-tempered, cranky, surly, crabby
823 cantata
a vocal composition accompanied by instruments
824 canter
to move at such pace
825 canto
one of the chief divisions of a long poem, a book
826 cantonment
temporary military living quarters
827 canvas
to cover an area or object
828 capacious
having a lot of space inside, roomy
829 capillary
of or pertaining to hair
830 capitulate
to draw up in chapters, to enumerate
a sudden and unaccountable change of mood or
831 caprice
behavior
788 cadaver

noun
noun
noun
noun
verb
adjective
verb
noun
adjective
noun
noun
verb
noun
adjective
adjective
adjective
adjective
verb
noun
noun
noun
adjective
noun
verb
verb
noun
noun
verb
adjective
noun
adjective
adjective
noun
verb
adjective
noun
verb
noun
noun
verb
adjective
adjective
verb
noun

given to sudden, unaccountable changes of mood


adjective
or behavior
833 captious
apt to notice and make much of trivial defaults
adjective
834 captivate
attract and hold interest and attention of, charm verb
835 carcass
body of a dead animal
noun
836 cardiac
pertaining to the heart
adjective
837 cardinal
of fundamental importance, crucial, pivotal
adjective
838 careen
turn (a ship) of its side for cleaning or repair
verb
a mark made in writing to show something is to be
839 caret
noun
inserted
to represent someone in an exaggerated or
840 caricature
verb
distorted manner
841 carnage
death and destruction
noun
relating to the physical and especially sexual
842 carnal
adjective
appetites
843 carnivorous
feeding on other animals, meat-eaters
adjective
844 carouse
to engage in a noisy or drunken social gathering
verb
845 carp
to complain about a fault, to harp on
verb
846 carrion
dead flesh, carcasses
noun
complete freedom to act as one wishes or thinks
847 carte blanche
noun
best
848 cartilage
a type of dense, non-vascular connective tissue
noun
849 cartographer the study and practice of making maps
noun
a container holding a quantity of ink or other
850 cartridge
noun
substance
851 caste
any hereditary social class of south asian societies noun
852 castigate
to punish, reprimand someone severely
verb
853 casualty
something that happens by chance
noun
854 casuistry
oversubtle reasoning in questions of morality
noun
cat-o-ninea whip, usually having nine knotted cords, used for
855
noun
tails
flogging
856 cataclysm
a sudden, violent event
noun
857 catalogue
a list or record, systematically arranged
verb
858 catalyst
a person or thing that precipitates an event
noun
859 catapult
a device that launches an object some distance
noun
860 cataract
a waterspout
noun
861 catastrophe
a disaster
noun
862 categorical
absolute, having no exception
adjective
863 caterwaul
to have a noisy argument
verb
the process of releasing strong or repressed
864 catharsis
noun
emotions
the electrode by which current leaves an
865 cathode
noun
electrolytic cell
866 catholic
all embracing, general
adjective
the faith, practice and order of the roman catholic
867 catholicism
noun
church
868 caucus
to hold or form such a group or meeting
verb
of, relating to, or being a cause of something,
869 causal
adjective
causing
capable of destroying or eating away by chemical
870 caustic
adjective
action
to burn, sear, or freeze tissue for curative
871 cauterize
verb
purposes
872 cavalcade
a company of riders
noun
832 capricious

to qualify a particular statement with a proviso or


caveat
874 cavil
to make petty or unnecessary objections
875 cavort
to prance, said of mounts
876 cede
to give up, give way, give away
877 celibate
abstaining from marriage and sexual relations
878 censor
to review in order to remove objectionable content
879 censorious
addicted to censure and scolding
880 censurable
deserving of censure, blameworthy
881 censure
to criticize harshly
882 census
survey
of, pertaining to, or completing a period of 100
883 centenary
years
884 centilitre
one 100th of a liter
885 centimetre
one 100th of a meter
886 centurion
an officer of the ancient roman army
887 cereal
any plant of the grass family with an edible grain
888 cerebral
intellectual rather than emotional or physical
of, relating to, or used in a ceremony, ritual or
889 ceremonial
formal
890 certitude
sureness, certainty
891 cessation
a ceasing or discontinuance of action
892 cession
that which is ceded
893 chafe
to wear or abrade by rubbing
894 chaff
to use light, idle language by way of fun or ridicule
895 chagrin
to bother or vex, to mortify
896 chameleon
describing something that changes color
the office or department of a chancellor, chancelle
897 chancery
ry
898 chaos
complete disorder and confusion
899 characteristic being a distinguishing feature of a person or thing
900 charisma
personal charm or magnetism
a person falsely claiming to have special
901 charlatan
knowledge or skill
902 chary
cautious, wary
a deep, steep-sided rift, gap or fissure, a gorge or
903 chasm
abyss
904 chassis
frame, landing gear
905 chaste
abstaining from sexual intercourse, celibate
906 chastise
to punish or scold someone
907 chastity
the state of abstaining from sexual intercourse
908 chateau
castle
909 chattel
a movable article of personal property
a person who believes one gender is superior to
910 chauvinist
the other
911 cherish
to treat with tenderness and affection
912 cherubic
of, or relating to a cherub, angelic
deception by use of trickery, quibbling, or
913 chicanery
subterfuge
914 chide
to scold or rebuke
915 chiffon
a sheer silk or rayon fabric
916 chimera
any creature with parts from different animals
917 chivalry
knights, nobles and horsemen collectively
873 caveat

verb
verb
verb
verb
adjective
verb
adjective
adjective
verb
verb
adjective
noun
noun
noun
noun
adjective
adjective
noun
noun
noun
verb
verb
verb
adjective
noun
noun
adjective
noun
noun
adjective
noun
noun
adjective
verb
noun
noun
adjective
adjective
verb
adjective
noun
verb
noun
noun
noun

918 cholera
919 choral

any of several acute infectious diseases


noun
of, relating to, written for, or performed by a choir adjective
the art of creating, and arranging dance
920 choreography
noun
movements
to perform the religious act of the baptism, to
921 christen
verb
baptise
922 christendom christians, collectively
noun
923 chromatic
relating to or characterised by hue
adjective
924 chronic
that continues over an extended period of time
adjective
a chronological record of important historical
925 chronicle
verb
events
926 chronology
the sequential order in which events occured
noun
a device for measuring time, such as a watch or
927 chronometer
noun
clock
928 churlish
boorish, vulgar
adjective
929 chutzpah
nearly arrogant courage, supreme self-confidence noun
930 circuitous
roundabout, longer than the most direct way
adjective
931 circulate
to move in circles or through a circuit
verb
932 circumference the outer boundary of a circular area
noun
circumlocutio
933
a roundabout or indirect way of speaking
noun
n
circumnavigat to travel completely around somewhere or
934
verb
e
something
935 circumscribe to restrict (something) within limits
verb
936 circumspect
wary and unwilling to take risks
adjective
937 circumvent
to overcome a difficulty, typically in a clever way verb
938 citadel
a strong fortress that sits high above a city
noun
939 cite
to quote
verb
940 citizenry
a whole body of citizens
noun
941 claimant
a person who makes a claim
noun
having the power to see beyond the natural range
942 clairvoyant
adjective
of vision
943 clamber
to climb something with some difficulty
verb
944 clamor
a loud and confused noise
noun
a group of people all descended from a common
945 clan
noun
ancestor
946 clandestine
kept secret or done secretly
adjective
947 clangour
a loud, resonant sound, clang
verb
a group of people hired to attend a performance to
948 claque
noun
applaud
949 clarify
to make clear or intelligible
verb
950 clarion
loud and clear
adjective
951 classify
to identify by or divide into classes, to categorize verb
952 cleave
to split or sever something
verb
953 cleft
a space or opening made by cleavage, a split
noun
954 clemency
the gentle or kind exercise of power
noun
955 clement
lenient or merciful, charitable
adjective
body of persons who are ordained for religious
956 clergy
noun
service
957 cliche
a trite, stereotyped expression
noun
the body or class of people who frequent an
958 clientele
noun
establishment
959 clique
a small, exclusive group of individuals, cabal
noun
960 close-hauled a bringing to an end, conclusion
noun

961 clothier
962 cloy

noun
verb

combatant
combustion
comely
comestible

a person who makes or sells cloth or clothing


to fill up or choke up, to stop up
awkward, lacking coordination, not graceful, not
dextrous
to become congealed
to grow together or into one body
a temporary group, usually formed for a particular
advantage
a person who repairs shoes
to treat in an indulgent or overprotective way
a document that amends a previously executed
will
to persuade
to the point, relevant
to meditate, to ponder, to think deeply
related by birth, of the same parentage
having awareness of (something)
to stick together
having unity
to style or arrange hair
to occupy exactly the same space
an occurence, by chance, of more than one event
at one time
to work together with others to achieve a common
goal
a work of art, made from assembling different
items into one
to fall down suddenly, to cave in
to gather pages in their proper sequence
parallel, along the same vein, side by side
a person with whom one works with
gathered into a mass, sum, or body
a person who collects, or who manages a
collection
a student (or a former student) of a college
to impact directly, especially if violent
a ship for carrying coal
an instance of violent contact between objects
ordinary or familiar language rather than formal
language
a conversation or dialogue
a secret agreement, especially for treacherous
purposes
a statue of gigantic size, wonders of the ancient
world
an armed fighter
the process of burning something
(woman) pleasant to look at, agreeable
suitable to be eaten, edible

comical

funny, amusing

adjective

commandeer

to seize for military use

verb

963 clumsy
964 coagulate
965 coalesce
966 coalition
967 cobbler
968 coddle
969 codicil
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978

coerce
cogent
cogitate
cognate
cognizant
cohere
cohesive
coiffure
coincide

979 coincidence
980 collaborate
981 collage
982
983
984
985
986

collapse
collate
collateral
colleague
collective

987 collector
988
989
990
991

collegian
collide
collier
collision

992 colloquial
993 colloquy
994 collusion
995 colossus
996
997
998
999
100
0
100
1
100

commemorate to honour the memory of someone or something

adjective
verb
verb
noun
noun
verb
noun
verb
adjective
verb
adjective
adjective
verb
adjective
verb
verb
noun
verb
noun
verb
verb
adjective
noun
adjective
noun
noun
verb
noun
noun
adjective
noun
noun
noun
noun
noun
adjective
adjective

verb

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with a ceremony
commend

to praise formally or officially

commensurat
corresponding in size or degree
e
a series of comments or annotations on another
commentary
work

verb
adjective
noun

commingle

to blend, to mix

verb

commiserate

to feel or express compassion or sympathy for

verb

commissarial
commission

a shop supplying food and equipment, as for a


military camp
to send or officially charge someone to do
something

noun
verb

commitment

a pledge or promise

noun

committal

of or relating to a committee

adjective

commodious

spacious and convenient, roomy and comfortable

adjective

commodity

a useful or valuable thing

noun

commotion

a state of turbulent motion

noun

commute

to travel from one's home to one's workplace

verb

comparable

able to be compared

adjective

comparative

perceptible by comparison, relative

adjective

comparison

the act of comparing, to liken

noun

compassion

feeling the suffering of others with the wish to


relieve it

noun

compatible

able to co-exist or occur together without conflict

adjective

compel

(literally) to drive together, round up

verb

compendium

a collection of concise but detailed info about one


noun
subject

compensate

to pay someone in exchange for work done, etc.

verb

competence

the quality or state of being competent, able

noun

competent

having the necessary ability, knowledge, or skill

adjective

competitor
complacent

a person or organization against whom one is


competing
smug or uncritical satisfaction with one's
achievements

noun
adjective

complaisant

willing to please others, obliging

adjective

complement

to complete, to bring to perfection, to make whole verb

complex

to form a complex with another substance

verb

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compliance

the action or fact of meeting rules or standards

noun

compliant

inclined to agree with others, especially


submissively

adjective

complicate

to make complex

verb

complication

an involved or confused state

noun

complicit
complicity

involved with others in an illegal activity or


wrongdoing
the state of being involved as a partner or
accomplice

noun
noun

compliment

a polite expression of praise or admiration

noun

component

making up a larger whole, as a component word

adjective

comport

to tolerate, bear

verb

composed

calm, tranquil, serene

verb

composure

calmness of mind or matter, self-possession

noun

compound

to come together

verb

able to be understood

adjective

thorough understanding

noun

complete, including all or nearly all elements or


aspects

adjective

to press or squeeze together

verb

comprehensib
le
comprehensio
n
comprehensiv
e
compress

compressible able to be compressed

adjective

comprise

to consist of, being made up of

verb

compromise

to bind by mutual agreement

verb

compulsion

the action or state of being forced to do something noun

compulsory

required, obligatory, mandatory

adjective

compunction

a pricking of conscience or a feeling of regret

noun

computation

the use of computers, esp. as a subject of research


noun
or study

compute

to reckon or calculate

verb

concatenate

to join or link together, as though in a chain

verb

concatenation a series or order of connected things

noun

concede

to yield or suffer, to surrender, to grant (a point)

verb

conceit

overly high self-esteem, vain pride, hubris

noun

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conceive

to develop an idea

verb

concerted

planned or devised together

adjective

concerto
concession

a piece of music for solo instruments and


orchestra
a thing that is granted, esp. in response to
demands

noun
noun

conciliate

make calm and content, placate

verb

conciliatory

intended or likely to placate or pacify

adjective

concise

brief but comprehensive

adjective

conclusive

serving to prove a case, convincing

adjective

concoct

to create or devise

verb

concomitant

accompanying, concurrent

adjective

concord

agreement or harmony between people or groups noun

concordance

agreement, accordance, consonance

noun

concur

to unite or agree, to have a common opinion

verb

concurrence

agreement, concurring

noun

concurrent

happening at the same time, simultaneous

adjective

concussion

a violent collision or shock

noun

condemn

to sentence (someone) to a particular punishment verb

condensation the result of being made compact or dense

noun

condense

to decrease size or volume by concentration

verb

condescend

to stoop or deign to do something

verb

condescendin showing patronizing descent from dignity orsuperi


verb
g
ority
condescensio
behaviour that is patronizing or condescending
noun
n
conditional

subject to one or more requirements being met

adjective

condolence

an expression of sympathy, esp. on the occasion


of death

noun

condonance

the overlooking or implied forgiving of an offense

verb

condone

accept and allow (morally wrong or offensive


behavior)

verb

conduce

to contribute or lead to a specific result

verb

conducive

tending to contribute to, encourage

adjective

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conductible

able to conduct

adjective

conduit

a tube for protecting electric wiring

noun

confection

a dish or delicacy made with sweet ingredients

noun

confectionery foodstuffs that taste very sweet, candies

noun

confederacy

an alliance

noun

confederate

joined by an agreement or treaty

verb

confer

to discuss, exchange opinions

verb

conferee

a person who participates in a conference

noun

confessor

a person who confesses

noun

confidant

a person in whom one can confide or share one's


secrets

noun

confide

to trust, have faith (in)

verb

confidence

self-assurance

noun

confident

being very sure of or positive about something

adjective

confinement

the act of confining or the state of being confined noun

confiscate

to take or seize (someone's property) with


authority

conflagration a large fire extending to many objects

verb
noun

conflate

to bring things together and fuse them into a


single entity

verb

confluence

an act or process of merging

noun

confluent

(of wind) which converges, esp. When seen on a


weather chart

adjective

conform

to act in accordance with expectations

verb

conformable

corresponding in shape, similar

adjective

conformance

the act of conforming, conformity

noun

conformation manner of formation, structure

noun

conformist

a person who conforms to the standards of a


group

adjective

conformity

similarity in form or character, agreement

noun

confound

to cause surprise or confusion in (someone)

verb

confront

to stand or meet facing, to oppose, to challenge

verb

congeal

to change from a liquid to solid state perhaps by

verb

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congenial

cold
having the same or very similar nature or
personality

adjective

congenital

present since birth

adjective

congest

to overfill or overcrowd

verb

congregate

to collect into an assembly, to gather together

verb

congregation a gathering of faithful in a place of worship

noun

congruent

agreeing, accordant, congruous

adjective

congruity

the quality of agreeing, the quality of being


suitable

noun

coniferous

bearing cones, as the pine and cypress

adjective

conjecture

speculation, to express an idea without proof

verb

conjoin

to join, to combine

verb

conjugal

of, or relating to marriage, or the relationship of


spouses

adjective

conjugate

to list the inflected forms of a verb for each person verb

conjugation

the inflection of verbs

conjunction
connive

the formation of a link or connection between


things
to cooperate with others secretly in order to
commit a crime

noun
noun
verb

connoisseur

an expert judge in matters of taste

noun

connote

to signify beyond its literal or principal meaning

verb

connubial

of or relating to the state of being married

adjective

conquer

to defeat in combat, to subjugate

verb

consanguineo
related by birth, having the same ancestry
us

adjective

conscience

noun

the moral sense of right and wrong

conscientious thorough, careful, or vigilant

adjective

conscript

to enrol compulsorily, to draft

verb

consecrate

to make or declare (something) sacred

verb

consecutive

following, in succession, without interruption

adjective

consensus

general agreement, general opinion

noun

conservatism
conservative

a political philosophy that advocates traditional


values
tending to resist change

noun
adjective

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conservatory
consign

a college for the study of classical music or other


arts
to transfer to the custody of for sale, transport,
etc.

adjective
verb

consignee

the person to whom a shipment is to be delivered noun

consignor

the person who sends the shipment

noun

consistency

degree of density, viscosity, firmness, etc.

noun

consolation

the act of comforting someone

noun

console
consolidate
consonance

to comfort (someone) in a time of grief,


verb
disappointment, etc
to combine into a single unit, to group together or
verb
join
agreement or compatibility between opinion or
actions

consonant

characterized by harmony or agreement

adjective

consort

a wife, husband, or companion

verb

conspicuous
conspirator

obvious or easy to notice, attracting notice or


attention
a person who plans to do something unlawful or
harmful

adjective
noun

conspire

to plot something unlawful or harmful

verb

constable

a police officer ranking below sergeant (british)

noun

constellation

an arbitrary formation of stars perceived as a


figure

noun

consternation feelings of anxiety or dismay

noun

constituency

a district represented by one or more elected


officials

noun

constituent

part of a whole

adjective

constrain

to force physically, to compel

verb

constrict

to narrow, especially by applying pressure

verb

construe

to interpret or explain the meaning of something

verb

consul

official in a country who protects their nation's


interests

noun

consulate

the residency of a consul

noun

consummate

to bring to a state of perfectio, fulfill

verb

consumption

the act of consuming something

noun

consumptive

tending to consume, destructive, wasteful

adjective

contagion

a disease spread with or without contact

noun

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contagious

of a disease, easily transmitted to others

adjective

contaminate

to introduce impurities or foreign matter

verb

contemplate

to ponder or consider

verb

contemporane
existing or occurring in the same period of time
ous

adjective

contemporary from the same time period, coexistent in time

adjective

contempt

feeling that a person or a thing is beneath


consideration

noun

contemptible deserving of or held in contempt, despicable

adjective

contemptuous scornful, disdainful

adjective

contend

verb

contender
contentious

to strive in opposition, to contest, to dispute


someone who competes with one or more other
people
causing or likely to cause an argument,
controversial

noun
adjective

contentment

a state of happiness and satisfaction

context

the circumstances that form the setting of an idea noun

contiguity

contact or proximity

noun

contiguous

connected, touching, abutting

adjective

continence

the exercise of self constraint in sexual matters

noun

contingency
contingent

dependence on chance or the fulfillment of a


condition
possible or liable, but not certain to occur,
incidental

noun

noun
adjective

continuance

the state of remaining in existence or operation

noun

continuator

a person or thing that continues

noun

continuity

lack of interruption or disconnection

noun

contort

to twist in a violent manner

verb

contraband

prohibited from being traded

adjective

contradiction

a person, thing, or idea in which has inconsistent


elements

noun

contradictory mutually opposed or inconsistent

adjective

contraposition placement opposite or against

noun

contravene

to act contrary to an order, or fail to conform

verb

contretemps

an unforeseen, inopportune, or embarrassing

noun

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contribution
contributor

event, a hitch
something given or offered that adds to a larger
whole
a benefactor, someone who donates to charity or
some cause

noun
noun

contrite

feeling or expressing remorse or penitence

adjective

contrition

the state of feeling remorseful and penitent

noun

contrivance
contrive

a thing that is obviously planned, forced, or


artificial
to form by an exercise of ingenuity, to devise,
invent

noun
verb

contumacious stubbornly or willfully disobedient to authority

adjective

contumacy

noun

disobedience, resistance to authority

contumelious (of behavior) scornful and insulting, insolent

adjective

contumely

insolent or insulting language or treatment

noun

contuse

to injure without breaking the skin, to bruise

verb

contusion

bruise

noun

conundrum

a confusing and difficult problem or question

noun

convalesce

to recover health and strength gradually after


sickness

verb

convalescence a gradual healing after illness or injury

noun

convalescent recovering one's health and strength after illness

adjective

convene

to come together, to meet, to unite

verb

convenience

the quality of being suitable, useful or convenient noun

convention

a meeting or gathering

noun

conventional

based on or in accordance with what is generally


done

adjective

converge

of two or more entities, to approach each other

verb

convergence

the coming together from different directions to


meet

noun

convergent

coming closer together, to focus

adjective

conversant
conversion
convertible
convex
convey

closely familiar, current, having frequent


interaction
the act of having converted something or
someone
able to be converted

adjective
noun
adjective

curved or bowed outward like the outside of a


adjective
circle
to make an idea or feeling know or understandable verb

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conveyance

the act or process of transporting something

noun

conviction

a belief, a judgement that someone is guilty of a


crime

noun

convivial

of or relating to a feast or entertainment

adjective

convoluted

extremely complex and difficult to follow


(argument, often)

adjective

convolution

something that is folded or rolled up

noun

convolve

to roll or coil together, entwine

verb

convoy

to escort a group of vehicles, and provide


protection

verb

convulse

to violently shake or agitate

verb

convulsion

an intense, paroxysmal, involuntary muscular


contraction

noun

copious

abundant in supply or quantity

adjective

coquette

a woman who flirts or plays with men's affections

noun

cordial

warm and friendly, courteous

adjective

cornerstone
cornice
cornucopia

an important quality or feature on which a thing


noun
depends
an ornamental molding around the top of the wall
noun
of a room
a goat's horn overflowing with fruit, flowers, grain,
noun
etc.

corollary

something given beyond what is actually due

noun

coronation

the ceremony of crowning a sovereign or


sovereign's consort

noun

coronet

a circular decoration for the head

noun

corporal

of the human body, physical

adjective

corporate

of, or relating to a corporation

adjective

corporeal

tangible, material

adjective

corps

a battlefield formation composed of two or more


divisions

noun

corpulence

the state or characteristic of being large, plump

noun

corpulent

large in body, fat, overweight

adjective

corpuscle

a minute particle, an atom, a molecule

noun

correlate
correlation
correlative

to relate things having corresponding


characteristics
a reciprocal, parallel or complementary
relationship
mutually related, corresponding

verb
noun
adjective

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corrigible

able to be corrected or set right

adjective

corroborate

to confirm or give support to (a statement, etc.)

verb

corroboration
corrode
corrosion
corrosive
corrugate

the act of strengthening or confirming, addition of


noun
strength
to eat away by degrees, to wear away or diminish
verb
gradually
the process of eating away by degrees

noun

having the power of gradually wearing, or


adjective
destroying matter
to draw or bend into folds or alternate furrows and
verb
ridges

corruptible

showing a willingness to act dishonestly

adjective

corruption

the act of corrupting or of impairing integrity

noun

cosmetic

external or superficial, pertaining only to the


surface

adjective

cosmic

of or from or pertaining to the cosmos or universe adjective

cosmogony

a branch of science dealing with the origin of the


universe

cosmography the creation of maps of the universe


the study of the physical universe, its structure,
etc.
familiar with and at ease in many different
cosmopolitan
countries
cosmopolitani the idea that all people belong to a single moral
sm
community
cosmology

noun
noun
noun
adjective
noun

cosmos

the universe seen as a well-ordered whole

noun

cosset

to care for and protect in an overindulgent way

verb

coterie

a circle of people who associate with one another noun

countenance

a person's face or facial expression

counter-claim a claim made to offset another claim


counteract

to act in opposition to, to hinder, defeat, or


frustrate

counterbalanc
a weight that balances another weight
e
countercharg a charge by an accused person against their
e
accuser
to falsely produce what appears to be official or
counterfeit
valid
to rescind by giving an order contrary to a
countermand
previous one
either of two parts that fit together or are
counterpart
complements
countervail
to have the same value as

noun
noun
verb
noun
noun
verb
verb
noun
verb

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countinghouse

the facility in which a business carries out its


operations

noun

coup

a highly successful, unexpected act

noun

courageous

of a person, displaying or possessing bravery

adjective

course

to run or flow, especially of liquids

verb

courser

a person who hunts with dogs using sight rather


than scent

noun

courtesy

given or done as a polite gesture

adjective

covenant

an agreement between two or more persons, like a


noun
pact

covert

not openly acknowledged or displayed

adjective

covet

to yearn to possess or have (something)

verb

covey

a small group of people or things

noun

cower

to crouch or cringe in fear

verb

coxswain

a person in charge of a ship's boat and its crew

noun

coy

artfully or affectedly shy or reserved

adjective

cozen

to cheat, deceive or trick

verb

crag

a rocky outcrop

noun

cranium

the skull of a vertebrate

noun

crass

lacking in sensitivity or due consideration

adjective

crave

to feel a powerful desire for (something)

verb

craven

cowardly

adjective

creak

to make a prolonged sharp grating or squeaking


sound

verb

creamery

a place where dairy products are prepared or sold noun

credence

acceptance of something as true

noun

credible

believable or plausible

adjective

creditable

credible or believable

adjective

credulity

willingness to believe or trust too readily

noun

credulous

having or showing too great a readiness to believe


adjective
things

creed

any system, doctrine or formula of religious belief noun

crematory

pertaining to the act of cremating bodies

adjective

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crepuscular

of or resembling twilight, dim

adjective

crescendo

a gradual increase in loudness

noun

crestfallen

sad because of a recent disappointment

adjective

crevasse

a crack or fissure in a glacier or snow field, a


chasm

noun

crevice

a narrow crack or fissure, in a rock or wall

noun

cringe

to bow or crouch in servility

verb

criterion

a standard of judgement or criticism

noun

critical

inclined to find fault or to judge with severity

adjective

critique
crockery
crucible
crusade
crustacean

to give detailed analysis and assessment of


something
eating and serving tableware, usually made of
ceramic
a cup-shaped piece of laboratory equipment

verb
noun
noun

to make a grand concerted effort toward some


verb
cause
any chiefly aquatic arthropod, such as lobster and
noun
shrimp

crustaceous

of the nature of or pertaining to a crust or shell

adjective

cryptic

having a meaning that is mysterious or obscure

adjective

cryptogram

a message or writing in code or cipher

noun

crystallize

to make something form into crystals

verb

cubicle

a small separate part or one of the compartments


noun
of a room

cudgel

a short, thick stick used as a weapon, like a club

noun

cul-de-sac

a blind alley or dead end street

noun

culinary

relating to cookery or the activity of cooking

adjective

cull
culminate

to pick or take someone or something (from a


larger group)
to reach a climax or point of the highest
development

verb
verb

culmination

the highest or climactic point of something

noun

culpable

deserving blame

adjective

culprit

the person or thing at fault for a problem or crime noun

cultivate

to prepare and use (land) for crops or gardening

culvert

a channel under a road or railway for the draining noun

verb

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of water
cumbersome
cumulative
cunning

burdensome or hindering, as a weight or drag

adjective

increasing in quantity or force by successive


adjective
additions
having or showing skill in achieving one's ends by
adjective
deceit

cupidity

greed for money or possessions

noun

curable

able of being cured

adjective

curator
curio

a keeper or custodian of a museum or other


collection
a strange and interesting object which invokes
curiosity

noun
noun

curmudgeon

a bad-tempered or surly person

noun

cursive

(handwriting) in flowing strokes with the letters


connected

adjective

cursory

hasty and therefore not thorough or detailed

adjective

curt

brief or terse, especially to the point of being rude adjective

curtail

to cut short

verb

curtsy

a respectful bow made by women and girls

noun

cycloid

resembling a circle, cyclical

adjective

cygnet

a young swan

noun

cynic

churlish or satirical

adjective

cynical

believing that people are motivated by selfinterest

adjective

cynicism

a distrustful attitude

noun

cynosure

that which serves to guide or direct

noun

dabble

to work at anything in an irregular or superficial


manner

verb

dank

unpleasantly moist or humid

adjective

dapper

neat, trim

adjective

dare

to have the courage to do something

verb

darkle

uncannily or threateningly dark or obscure

adjective

darwinism

theory: species come from parent forms via


natural selection

dastard

meanly shrinking from danger, cowardly

adjective

datum

a single piece of information

noun

daunt

to make (someone) feel intimidated or

verb

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apprehensive
daunting

causing fear or discouragement

adjective

dauntless

invulnerable to fear or intimidation

adjective

de facto

in fact, whether by right or not

adverb

deacon

a member of the clerical order


below that of a priest

noun

dead-heat

run of finish a race exactly even

verb

deadlock

a situation in which no progress can be made

noun

dearth

a scarcity or lack of something

noun

debacle

a sudden and ignominious failure, a fiasco

noun

debase

to reduce in quality or value

verb

debatable

open to discussion or argument

adjective

debauch

to morally corrupt someone, to seduce

verb

debilitate

to make someone weak and infirm

verb

debility

a state of physical or mental weakness

noun

debonair

gracious, courteous

adjective

debris
debunk

rubble, wreckage, scattered remains of something


noun
destroyed
to discredit, or expose the exaggerated claims of
verb
something

debut

to formally introduce, as to the public

verb

decadence

a state of moral or artistic decline or deterioration noun

decagon

a polygon with ten sides and ten angles

noun

decagram

an si unit of mass equal to 101 grams

noun

decalitre

ten litres

noun

decalogue

ten commandments

noun

decameron

a collection of 100 tales (1353) by boccaccio

decameter

ten meters

noun

decamp

to break up camp and move on

verb

decapitate

to remove the head of

verb

decapod

having ten legs

adjective

decasyllable

a verse having ten syllables

noun

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decathlon

an athletic event consisting of 10 prescribed


events

noun

deceit

an act or practice intended to deceive, a trick

noun

deceitful

deliberately misleading or cheating

adjective

deceive

to trick or mislead

verb

decelerate

to reduce speed, to slow down

verb

decency

conformity to accepted standards of respectability noun

deciduous
decimal

falling off or shed at a particular season, point of


adjective
growth
pertaining to or proceeding by tenths or the power
adjective
of ten

decimate

to kill, destroy, or remove large percentages of

verb

decipher

to succeed in understanding or interpreting

verb

decisive

settling an issue, producing a definite result

adjective

declamation

rhetorical delivery, loud speaking in public

noun

declamatory

bombastic, ostentatiously lofty in style

adjective

declarative

a statement in the form of a formal announcement adjective

declension

the inflection of a part of speech, such as case and


noun
number

decorate

to furnish with ornaments

verb

decorous

in keeping with good taste and propriety

adjective

decorum

appropriate social behavior, propriety

noun

decoy

a person who entices or lures another person or


thing

noun

decrepit

weakened or worn out from age or wear

adjective

decry

to publicly denounce, to condemn

verb

dedication
deduce
deface
defalcate
defamation
defamatory
defame

the quality of being committed to a task or


purpose
to reach a conclusion from something known or
assumed
to damage something in a visible or conspicuous
manner
to misappropriate funds, to embezzle
act of injuring another's reputation by slander or
libel
damaging to someone's reputation, especially if
untrue
to try to diminish the reputation of

noun
verb
verb
verb
noun
adjective
verb

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defendant

a person or group against whom a charge is


brought in court

noun

defensible

capable of being defended against armed attack

adjective

defensive

used or intended to defend or protect

adjective

defer

to delay, or put off to a future time

verb

deference

humble submission and respect

noun

deferential

respectful, reverential

adjective

defiance

open resistance, bold disobedience

noun

defiant

showing open resistance, provocative

adjective

deficiency

inadequacy or incompleteness

noun

deficient

lacking something essential, often construed with


adjective
in

defile

to make impure, to make dirty

verb

definite

having distinct limits

adjective

definitive

explicitly defined

adjective

deflect

to make (something) deviate from its original path verb

defoliate

to remove foliage from one or more plants

verb

deforest

to destroy or to fell all the trees of a forest

verb

deform

to remove the form of

verb

deformity

a misshapen part, esp. of the body

noun

defraud

to obtain money or property by fraud, to swindle

verb

defray

to spend (money)

verb

deft

quick and neat in action, skillful

adjective

defunct

no longer existing or functioning

adjective

defuse
degeneracy
degenerate

to reduce the danger or tension in (a difficult


situation)
the state of being physically or morally
deteriorated
having fallen below a desirable level, especially
morally

verb
noun
adjective

degradation

a lowering from one's standing in office or society noun

degrade

to lower in value or social position

verb

dehydrate

to lose or remove water, to dry

verb

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deify
deign
deist

to make a god of (something or someone)


to condescend, to accept as appropriate to one's
dignity
someone who believes in the existence of a
supreme being

verb
verb
adjective

deity

a god or goddess, divine status

noun

deject

make sad or dispirited

verb

dejection

a state of melancholy or depression, low spirits,


the blues

noun

delectable

pleasing to the taste, delicious

adjective

delectation

great pleasure, delight

noun

delegate

to entrust (a task or responsibility)

verb

deleterious

causing harm or damage

adjective

deliberate

to consider carefully

verb

delicacy

the quality of being delicate

noun

delineate

to describe or portray (something) precisely

verb

delineation

a precise description

noun

deliquesce

to melt and disappear

verb

delirious

in a state of wild excitement or ecstasy

adjective

delirium
delude

an acutely disturbed state of mind that occurs in


fever
to deceive someone into believing something
which is false

noun
verb

deluge

to flood with water

delusion

a false belief that is resistant to confrontation with


noun
fact

demagnetize

to remove the magnetic propreties of something

verb

demagogue

a leader who espouses the cause of the common


people

noun

demarcation

the act of marking off a boundary or setting a limit noun

demean

to debase, to do something that is beneath one's


dignity

verb

demeanor

a person's conduct or behaviour

noun

demented

insane or mentally ill

adjective

demerit
demise

a quality of being inadequate, a fault, a


disadvantage
a person's death

verb

noun
noun

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demobilize

to release someone from military duty

verb

demolish

to destroy, to full or knock down (a building)

verb

demonstrable
demonstrate

clearly apparent or capable of being logically


proved
clearly show the truth of (something) through
proof

demonstrativ
that serves to demonstrate, show or prove
e
a person who takes part in a public protest
demonstrator
meeting or march

adjective
verb
adjective
noun

demote

to lower the rank or status of something

verb

demulcent

soothing or softening

adjective

demur

to raise doubts or objections or show reluctance

verb

demure

reserved, modest, and shy

adjective

demurrage
dendroid

the delaying in port of a ship beyond the time allo


noun
wed
(of an organism or structure) tree-shaped,
adjective
branching

dendrology

the study of trees and other woody plants

noun

denigrate

to criticize unfairly, to disparage

verb

denizen

to grant rights of citizenship to, to naturalize

verb

denominate

to call, to name

verb

denomination the act of naming or designating

noun

denominator

the expression written below the line in a fraction noun

denote

to indicate, to mark

verb

denouement

the final part of a play, movie, or narrative

noun

denounce

to publicly declare to be wrong or evil

verb

dentifrice
denude

toothpaste or any other substance for cleaning the


noun
teeth
to divest of all covering, to make bare or naked, to
verb
strip

denunciation

proclamation, announcement, a publishing

noun

deplete

to decrease seriously or exhaust the supply of


(something)

verb

deplorable

deserving strong condemnation, shockingly bad

adjective

deplore

to bewail, to weep bitterly over, to feel sorrow for

verb

deploy

to arrange (usually a military unit or units) for use verb

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deponent

(Greek Grammar) having passive form but an


active meaning

adjective

depopulate

to reduce the population of a region

verb

deport

to expel someone from a country

verb

deportment

a person's behavior or manners

noun

deposition

the process of giving sworn evidence

noun

depositor
depository

a person who makes a deposit, especially of


money in a bank
a place where something is deposited for
safekeeping

noun
noun

deprave

to make morally bad or evil

verb

depravity

moral corruption

noun

deprecate

to belittle or express disapproval of

verb

depreciate

to reduce in value over time

verb

depreciation

reduction in value over time

noun

depredation

the act of preying upon or plundering

noun

depress

to press down on

verb

depth

the vertical distance below a surface

noun

deracinate

to pull up by the roots, to uproot, to extirpate

verb

derelict

abandoned, forsaken, dilapidated, neglected

adjective

dereliction

willful neglect of one's duty

noun

deride

to harshly mock, ridicule

verb

derisible

subject to or deserving of contemptuous ridicule

adjective

derision

mockery, taunt

noun

derivation

the source from which something is derived, origin noun

derivative

imitative of the work of someone else

adjective

derive

to deduce (a conclusion) by reasoning

verb

dermatology

the medical study of skin

noun

derogatory

showing a degrading or disrespectful attitude

adjective

derrick
derring-do

a crane with a movable pivoted arm for moving


heavy objects
valiant deeds in desperate times

noun
noun

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descendant

descending from a biological ancestor

adjective

descent

an action of moving downward, dropping, falling

noun

descry

to see by looking carefully

verb

desecrate
desecration

to profane or violate the sacredness/sanctity of


verb
something
an act of disrespect towards something considered
noun
sacred

desert

to leave, to abandon, to forsake

verb

desiccant

causing dryness

adjective

desiccate

lacking interest, passion, or energy

verb

designate

to mark out and make known, indicate

verb

desist

to cease to proceed or act, to stop

verb

desistance

the act or state of desisting, cessation

noun

desolate

barren or laid waste

adjective

despair
desperado

to give up as beyond hope or expectation, to


despair of
a bold outlaw, especially one from the southern
wild west

verb
noun

desperate

being filled with, or in a state of despair, hopeless adjective

despicable

fit or deserving to be despised, contemptible

adjective

despite

in spite of

prepositi
on

despond

to give up the will, courage, or spirit

verb

despondent

in low spirits from loss of hope or courage

adjective

despot

a ruler with absolute power who exercise it cruelly noun

despotic

characteristic of an absolute ruler or absolute rule adjective

despotism

an absolute or autocratic government

noun

destitute

without the basic necessities of life

adjective

destitution

the action of deserting or abandoning

noun

desuetude

disuse, obsolescence

noun

desultory

lacking a plan, purpose, or enthusiasm

adjective

deter

to prevent something from happening

verb

deteriorate

to make worse, to make inferior in quality or value verb

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determinate

having exact and discernible limits or form

determination firmness of purpose, resoluteness

adjective
noun

deterrent

a thing that is intended to discourage someone


from some act

noun

detest

to dislike intensely

verb

detonate

to explode or cause to explode

verb

detract

to take away, to withdraw or remove

verb

detraction

the act of taking away

noun

detriment

the state if being harmed or damaged

noun

detrimental

tending to cause harm

adjective

detritus

waste or debris of any kind

noun

detrude

to push downwards with force

verb

detumescence the process of subsiding from a state of tension

noun

devastate

verb

develop
deviance
deviate

to destroy or ruin (something)

to grow or cause to grow and become more


verb
mature
the state of departing from usual or accepted
noun
standards
to go off course from, to change course, to change
verb
plans

devilry

wicked activity

noun

deviltry

extreme cruelty

noun

devious

showing skillful use of underhanded tactics to


achieve goals

adjective

devise

to use one's intellect to plan or design (something) verb

devitalize

to deprive of vitality, make lifeless, weaken

verb

devoid

empty, having none of, completely without

adjective

devour

to eat (food or prey) hungrily or quickly

verb

devout

devoted to religion or to religious feelings and


duties

adjective

dexterity

skill in performing tasks, especially with the hands noun

dexterous

skillful with one's hands

adjective

diabolic

showing wickedness typical of a devil

adjective

diacritical

capable of distinguishing or of making a distinction adjective

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diagnose
diagnosis
dialect
dialectical

to determine the root cause of (a disease)


the identification of the nature and cause of an
illness
a socially or geographically distinct variant of a
language
the art of investigating or discussing the truth of
opinions

verb
noun
noun
noun

dialectician

a person skilled in philosophical debate

noun

dialogue

a conversation between two or more persons

noun

diaphanous

light, delicate, and translucent

adjective

diatomic

consisting of two atoms

adjective

diatribe

a forceful and bitter verbal attack

noun

dichotomy

a cutting in two, a division

noun

dictate

to order, command, control

verb

diction

the style of enunciation in speaking or singing

noun

dictum

an authoritative statement, a dogmatic saying

noun

didactic

intended to teach, particularly having a moral


lesson

adjective

diddle

to cheat, swindle, hoax

verb

difference

the state or relation of being different, dissimilarity noun

differentia

trait that discerns a species from another of same


noun
genus

differential

of, or relating to a difference

adjective

differentiate

to show, or be the distinction between two things

verb

diffidence

lack of self-confidence

noun

diffident

lacking confidence in oneself

adjective

diffuse

to pour out and spread, as liquid

verb

diffusible

able to intermingle by diffusion

adjective

diffusion

the spreading of something more widely

noun

dignitary

an important or influential person, or one of high


rank

noun

digraph

a directed graph

noun

digress
digression

to deviate from the main subject in writing or


speaking
a departure from the subject, course, or idea at

verb
noun

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dilapidated

hand
fallen into partial ruin or decay, as from age
or neglect

verb

dilate

to enlarge, to make bigger

verb

dilatory

slow to act, sluggish

adjective

dilemma
dilettante
diligence

a situation requiring a choice between undesirable


noun
options
a person with an amateur interest in the arts, a
noun
dabbler
determination or perseverance when doing
noun
something

diligent

performing with intense concentration, focus

adjective

dilute

to make thinner by adding a liquid or solvent

verb

diminution

a lessening, decrease or reduction

noun

diminutive

small, little, tiny

adjective

dimly

dull and subdued, indistinct

adjective

din

a loud, unpleasant, and prolonged noise

noun

diorama

a model representing a scene with 3d figures

noun

diphthong

a one-syllable sound made up of two vowels

noun

diplomacy
diplomat
diplomatic
diplomatist
dirge
disabuse

the art and practice of conducting international


relations
a person appointed to conduct international
relations
of the relationships between the governments of
countries
a person tactful in negotiation
a funeral song or tune, expressing mourning for
the dead
to persuade someone that an idea or belief is
mistaken

noun
noun
adjective
noun
noun
verb

disadvise

to advise against, to dissuade from

verb

disaffection

a state of dissatisfaction with or alienation from


something

noun

disagree

to not agree (harmonize)

verb

disallow

to refuse to allow

verb

disapprobatio an act or expression of condemnation or


n
disapproval

noun

disapprove

verb

disarm
disarrange

to condemn, consider wrong or inappropriate


to take away the weapons of, to render
defenceless
to undo the arrangement of, to disorder, to

verb
verb

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derange
disarray

to throw into disorder, to break the array of

disavow

to disown, to repudiate, to refuse to acknowledge verb

disavowal

a denial of relationship or responsibility towards


something

noun

disband

cause (an organized group) to break up

verb

disbeliever

one who disbelieves, one who does not believe

noun

disburden
disburse

to remove the load from a pack animal, unload a


vehicle, etc
to pay out, expend, usually from a public fund or
treasury

verb

verb
verb

discard

to throw away, to reject

verb

discern

to perceive or recognize (something)

verb

discernible

possible to perceive or recognize (something)

adjective

discerning

showing good or outstanding judgment and under


adjective
standing

disciple

a person who is a pupil of the doctrines of another noun

disciplinary

corrective, administering or used for discipline

adjective

discipline

to train someone by instruction and practice

verb

disclaim

to renounce all claim to, to deny responsibility for verb

disclose

to open up, unfasten

verb

discolor

to change or lose color

verb

discombobula
to disconcert or confuse (someone)
te

verb

discomfit

to defeat completely, to rout

verb

discomfort

to cause annoyance or distress

verb

disconcert

to disturb the composure of, to unsettle

verb

disconnect

to sever or interrupt a connection

verb

disconsolate

cheerless, dreary

adjective

discontinuanc the occurrence of something being terminated, a


e
cessation

noun

discord

disagreement between people

noun

discordancy

the state of being at variance or in disagreement

noun

discordant

not in harmony or accord

adjective

discountenan to have an unfavorable opinion of, to disapprove

verb

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ce
discourse
discourteous

to engage in discussion or conversation, to


converse
showing rudeness and a lack of consideration for
others

verb
adjective

discover

to remove the cover from, to uncover

verb

discredit

to harm the good reputation of a person, to


defame

verb

discreet

respectful of privacy or secrecy, quiet, diplomatic

adjective

discrepancy

an inconsistency between two or more facts

noun

discrepant

showing difference, inconsistent, dissimilar

adjective

discrete

separate, distinct, individual, non-continuous

adjective

discretion

the quality of being discreet or circumspect

noun

discriminate

to recognize a distinction, to differentiate

verb

discursive

digressing from subject to subject

adjective

discursivenes passing aimlessly from one subject to another, dig


noun
s
ressive
discussion

the action or process of talking about something

noun

disdain

to regard (someone or something) with strong


contempt

verb

disencumber

to remove a burden

verb

disenfranchis
to deprive someone of a right of citizenship
verb
e
to release or loosen from something that binds,
disengage
verb
unfasten
to free something from entanglement, to extricate
disentangle
verb
or unknot
disfavor

unfavorable regard, displeasure, disesteem, dislike noun

disfigure

change the appearance of something/someone to


verb
the negative

disgruntle

to put into a bad mood or into bad humour

verb

dishabille

extreme casual or disorderly dress

noun

dishearten

to cause someone to lose confidence

verb

disheveled

untidy, disordered (of clothes, appearance)

adjective

dishonest

not honest

adjective

disillusion

to free or deprive someone of idealism, belief, etc verb

disinclination reluctance, unwillingness to do something

noun

disinfect

verb

to sterilize by the use of cleaning agent such as

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bleach
a chemical agent used to destroy harmful
disinfectant
organisms
disinformatio publicly announced false information about a
n
country

noun
noun

disingenuous not candid or sincere

adjective

disinherit

to exclude from inheritance, to disown

verb

disinter

to dig up (something buries)

verb

disinterested

having no stake or interest in the outcome, free of


adjective
bias

disjunctive

not connected, separated

adjective

dislocate

to put something out of its usual place

verb

dislodge

to remove or force out from a position previously


occupied

verb

dismal

disappointingly inadequate

adjective

dismissal

the act of sending someone away

noun

dismount

to get off (something)

verb

disobedience refusal to obey

noun

disobedient

not obedient

adjective

disown

to refuse to own or to refuse to acknowledge ones


verb
own

disparage

to regard or represent as being of little worth

verb

disparate

essentially different in kind, not allowing


comparison

adjective

disparity

the state of being unequal, difference

noun

dispassionate

not showing, and not affected by emotion, bias, or


adjective
prejudice

dispatch

to send a shipment with promptness

dispel

to drive away by scattering, or to cause to vanish verb

dispensation

the act of dispensing or dealing out, distribution

noun

disperse

to scatter in different directions

verb

displace

to move something/someone, especially forcibly


from a home

verb

disposition

to remove or place in a different position

verb

dispossess

to deprive someone of the possession of land

verb

disputation

debate or argument, formal academic debate

noun

disputatious

(of a person) fond of having heated arguments

adjective

verb

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disqualify

to deprive of qualification or fitness

verb

disquiet

make (someone) worried or anxious

verb

disquietude

a state of uneasiness or anxiety

noun

disregard

to ignore

verb

disreputable

not respectable, lacking repute, discreditable

adjective

disrepute

a loss or lack of credit or repute

noun

disrobe

to undress someone or something

verb

disrupt

to throw into confusion or disorder

verb

dissatisfy

to fail to satisfy

verb

dissect

to cut apart (something) to study its anatomy

verb

dissection

the act of dissecting, or something dissected

noun

dissemble

to disguise or conceal something, to feign

verb

disseminate

to scatter or spread widely, broadcast

verb

dissension

an act of expressing dissent, especially spoken

noun

dissent

to differ in opinion

verb

dissentient

in opposition to a majority or official opinion

adjective

dissentious

not in agreement or harmony

adjective

dissertation

a written essay, or thesis, especially for a doctoral


noun
degree

disservice

an ill turn or injury

noun

dissever

to separate, split apart

verb

dissidence

protest against official policy

noun

dissident

a person who opposes official policy

noun

dissimilar

not similar, unlike, different

adjective

dissimulate

to disguise or conceal under a false appearance

verb

dissipate

to drive away, disperse

verb

dissipation

squandering of money, energy, or resources

noun

dissolute

lax in morals, licentious

adjective

dissolution

the termination of an organized body or legislative noun

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assembly
dissolve

to make a solution of, by mixing with a liquid

verb

dissonance

inharmonious or harsh sound, cacophany

noun

dissonant

unsuitable in combination

adjective

dissuade

to convince not to try or do

verb

dissuasion

the act or an instance of persuading against

noun

distemper

to disturb and disorder, hence to make sick

verb

distend

to extend or expand, as from internal pressure, to


verb
swell

distensible

capable of swelling or stretching

adjective

distention

the state of being stretched beyond normal


dimensions

noun

distill

to make something (esp. a liquid) in this way

verb

distillate

something formed by distilling

noun

distillation

the act of pouring out or falling in drops

noun

distiller
distinction
distinguish

a person who owns, works in or operates a


distillery
a difference or contrast between similar things or
people
to see someone or something as different from
others

noun
noun
verb

distort

to bring something out of shape

verb

distrain

to squeeze, press, to constrain, oppress

verb

distrainor

one who distrains, the party distraining goods or


chattels

noun

distraught

deeply upset and agitated

adjective

distrust

to put no trust in, to have no confidence in

verb

disunion

separation of a union

noun

disyllable

a word comprising two syllables

noun

dither
diurnal
diva
divagation
divergence
divergent

to be uncertain or unable to make a decision


about something
happening during daylight, or active during that
time
any female celebrity, usually a well known singer
or actress
straying off from a course or way
a difference or conflict in opinions, interests,
wishes, etc
tending to be different or develop in different

verb
adjective
noun
noun
noun
adjective

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directions
diverse

showing a great deal of variety

adjective

diversion

an instance of turning something aside from its


course

noun

diversity

the quality of being different

noun

divert

to turn aside from a course

verb

divertible

capable of being diverted

adjective

divest

to undress, disrobe

verb

divination
divine
divinity

the practice of foretelling the future by


noun
supernatural means
to foretell (something), especially by the use of
verb
divination
the property of being divine, of being like a god or
noun
god

divisible

capable of being divided without a remainder

adjective

divisive

having a quality that divides or separates

adjective

divisor
divulge
divulgence
docile
docket
doctrine
doe

a number or expression that another is to be


divided by
to tell (a secret) so that it may become generally
known
the act of making known (private or sensitive
information)
yielding to control or supervision, direction, or
management
a calendar or list of cases for trial

noun
verb
noun
adjective
noun

a belief or tenet, especially about theological


noun
matters
the female of the deer, antelope, and certain other
noun
animals

doff

to remove a hat as a greeting or mark of respect

verb

dogged

persistent in effort, stubbornly tenacious

adjective

doggerel

verse or words that are badly written or expressed noun

dogma

an official system of tenets, laid down by an


authority

noun

dogmatic

opinionated, pragmatic

adjective

dogmatize

to treat something as dogma

verb

doleful

mournful, bringing feelings of sadness

adjective

dolesome

doleful, dismal, gloomy

adjective

dolor

sorrow, grief, misery or anguish

noun

dolorous

feeling or expressing great sorrow or distress

adjective

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dolt

a stupid person

noun

domain

a geographic area owned by a single person or


organization

noun

domestic

of or relating to the home

adjective

domesticity

affection for the home and its material comforts

noun

domicile

a home or residence

noun

dominance

power and influence over others

noun

dominant

most important, powerful, or influential

adjective

dominate

to govern, rule or control by superior authority or


power

verb

domination

the exercise of control or influence over something noun

domineer

to rule over or control arbitrarily or arrogantly

verb

don

to put on (clothes)

verb

donator

one who donates

noun

donee

someone who receives a gift from a donor

noun

donor

one who donates, typically, money

noun

dormant

inactive, idle

adjective

dotard
doublet

a person with impaired intellect, especially an old


noun
person
a close-fitting jacket, men's wear in the
noun
renaissance

dour

stern, harsh and forbidding

adjective

dowdy

plain and unfashionable in style or dress

adjective

dowry
drachma
dragnet

the money,or goods a wife brings to her husband


noun
at marriage
the currency of greece until 2001, with the symbol
noun
?
a net dragged across the bottom of a body of
noun
water

dragoon

to force someone into doing something, to coerce verb

drainage

a removal of surface and sub-surface water from a


noun
given area

dramatist

playwright

noun

dramatize

to adapt a literary work so that it can be


performed

verb

drastic

extreme, severe

adjective

drawl

to speak in a slow, lazy way with prolonged vowel verb

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sounds
drivel

childish, silly or meaningless talk

noun

droll

amusing in an odd way

adjective

drone

to produce a low-pitched hum or buzz

verb

dross

something regarded as worthless, rubbish

noun

drought
drowsy

a period of dry weather, especially injurous to


crops
inclined to drowse, heavy with sleepiness,
lethargic, dozy

noun
adjective

drub

to hit or beat (someone) repeatedly, thrash

verb

drudgery

tedious, menial and exhausting work

noun

dubious

hesitating or doubting

adjective

duckling

a young duck

noun

ductile

capable of being made into thin wire without


breaking

adjective

duet

a performance by two people, esp. musicians

noun

dulcet

sweet and soothing

adjective

dun

to ask or beset a debtor for payment

verb

dupe

to swindle, deceive, or trick

verb

duplex

something having two parts

verb

duplicity

deceitfulness, double dealing

noun

durance

confinement or restraint by force, imprisonment

noun

duration

an amount of time or a particular time interval

noun

duress

coercion, compulsion by threat or force

noun

duteous

willingly obedient out of a sense of duty and


respect

adjective

dutiable

on which duty must be paid when imported or sold adjective

dutiful

accepting of one's obligations and willing to do


them well

adjective

dwindle

to decrease, shrink, diminish, reduce in size

verb

dynamic

characterized by constant change, activity, or


progress

adjective

dyne

a unit of force in the cgs system. symbol: dyn

noun

earnest
earthenware

ardent in the pursuit of an object, eager to obtain


adjective
or do
pottery of baked or hardened clay
noun

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eatable

able to be eaten, edible

adjective

ebullient

cheerful and full of energy

adjective

eccentric

unconventional and slightly strange

adjective

eccentricity

oddity, peculiarity

noun

echelon

a level or rank in an organization

noun

eclat

brilliance of success or effort, splendor

noun

eclectic

made up of things selected from various sources

adjective

eclipse

the complete or partial interception of light from a


noun
star

economize

to avoid waste or extravagance

verb

ecstasy

intense pleasure

noun

ecstatic

feeling or characterized by extreme happiness

adjective

ecumenical
edible
edict
edifice
edify
editorial

interdenominational, sometimes by extension,


interreligious
that can be eaten without harm, non-toxic to
humans
a proclamation of law or other authoritative
command
a building, esp. a large and imposing one
to instruct or improve (someone) morally or
intellectually
of, or relating to the preparing of material for
publication

adjective
adjective
noun
noun
verb
adjective

educe

to draw out or bring out, elicit or evoke

verb

efface

to erase (a mark) from the surface

verb

effective

successful in producing a desired or intended


result

adjective

effectual

producing the intended result, entirely adequate

adjective

effeminacy

the quality of showing feminine traits (in a man)

noun

effeminate
effervesce

(of a man) showing traits regarded as typical of a


verb
woman
to emit small bubbles of dissolved gas, to froth or
verb
fizz

effervescent

giving off bubbles, fizzy

adjective

effete

of substances, quantities etc: exhausted, spent,


worn-out

adjective

efficacious

effective

adjective

efficacy

the ability to produce a desired or intended result noun

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efficiency

the extent to which time is well used for the


intended task

noun

efficient

making good use of time or energy

adjective

effigy

a dummy or crude representation of something


that is hated

noun

efflorescence the state or a period of flowering

noun

efflorescent

bursting into flower

adjective

effluvium

a gaseous or vaporous emission, especially a foul


odour

noun

effrontery

insolent or impertinent behavior

noun

effulgence

a state of being bright and radiant, splendor,


brilliance

noun

effulgent

shining, resplendent, with radiant splendor

adjective

effuse

to give (a liquid, light, smell, or quality)

verb

effusion

an outpouring of liquid

noun

effusive

expressing feelings in an unrestrained or heartfelt


adjective
manner

egalitarian

characterized by equality for all people

adjective

egocentric

regarding the self as the center of all things

adjective

egoism

the tendency to think of self and self-interest

noun

egoist

a conceited and self-centered person

noun

egotism

a tendency to talk excessively about oneself

noun

egotist

a person who talks excessively about himself

noun

egregious

outstandingly bad, shocking

egress

to exit or leave, to go or come out

verb

elaborate

to give further detail or explanation (about)

verb

lan

spirit, zeal, ardor

noun

elapse

to pass or move by

verb

elasticity

flexibility, resilience, adaptability

noun

elated

very happy or proud, jubilant, in high spirits

adjective

electrolysis

the passage of an electriccurrent through an electr


noun
olyte

electrotype

to make such a plate

eleemosynary relating to charity, alms, or almsgiving

verb
adjective

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elegy

a mournful or plaintive poem, a funeral song

noun

elicit

to evoke, obtain, or provoke as a response or


answer

verb

eligible

having the right to do or obtain something

adjective

eliminate
elite

to completely destroy (a thing) so that it no longer


verb
exists
of high birth or social position, aristocratic or
adjective
patrician

elixir

a liquid which converts lead to gold

noun

elliptical

in a shape reminding of an ellipse, oval

adjective

elocution

the skill of a clear and expressive speech

noun

eloquence

the quality of artistry and persuasiveness in


language

noun

eloquent

fluently persuasive and articulate

adjective

elucidate

to make clear, to clarify, to shed light upon

verb

elude

to evade, or escape from someone or something


through skill

verb

elusion

the act, or abstract properties, of eluding

noun

elusive

evading capture, comprehension or remembrance adjective

emaciate

to make extremely thin or wasted

verb

emanate

to come from a source, stem out of

verb

emancipate
embargo
embark
embarrass
embellish
embezzle
emblazon
emblem
embodiment
embody

to set free from the power of another, to liberate,


as:
any restriction placed on commerce by a
government
to get on a boat or ship or (outside the usa) an
aeroplane
to cause confusion and shame to, disconcert,
abash
to make something more entertaining by adding
extra details
to steal or misappropriate money one has been
trusted with
to adorn with prominent markings
a representative symbol, such as a trademark or
logo
a tangible or visible form of an idea, quality, or
feeling
to represent in a physical form, to incarnate or
personify

verb
noun
verb
verb
verb
verb
verb
noun
noun
verb

embolden

to render (someone) more bold or courageous

verb

embolism

an obstruction or occlusion of an artery

noun

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embroil

to draw into a situation, to cause to be involved

verb

emend

make corrections and improvements to a text

verb

emerge

to come into view

verb

emergence

the act of coming forth from envelopment or


concealment

noun

emergent

in the process

adjective

emeritus

having retired but retaining his title as an honor

adjective

emigrant
emigrate

someone who leaves a country to settle in a new


country
to leave the country in which one lives and settle
elsewhere

noun
verb

eminence

someone of high rank, reputation or social station noun

eminent

(a person) famous and respected within a


particular sphere

adjective

emissary

a person sent on a special mission

noun

emit

to send out or give off

verb

emollient

having the quality of softening or soothing the skin adjective

emolument

payment for an office or employment,


compensation for a job

emote

to display emotions openly, especially while acting verb

empathy
emphasis
emphasize

noun

the ability to understand and share the feelings of


noun
others
special weight given to something considered
noun
important
to stress, give emphasis or extra weight to
verb
(something)

emphatic

expressing something forcibly and clearly

adjective

empirical

pertaining to or based on experience

adjective

emporium

a market place or trading centre, particularly in


antiquity

noun

empower

to give permission or power to do something

verb

emulate

to match or surpass (a person or achievement) by


verb
imitation

enact

to make (a bill) into law

verb

enamor

to attract, to capture

verb

encamp

to build and/or inhabit a camp or temporary


shelter

verb

encapsulate

to cover something as if in a capsule

verb

encipher

convert (a message or piece of text) into a coded

verb

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enclave
encomium

form; encrypt
a country, or part thereof, that is surrounded by
another
a piece of writing that praises someone or
something highly

noun
noun

encompass

to form a circle around, to encircle

verb

encore

to call for an extra performance or repetition

verb

encourage

to mentally support, to motivate, give courage

verb

encroach

to advance gradually and in a way that causes


damage

verb

encumber

to load down something with a burden

verb

encumbrance

something that encumbers, a burden that must be


noun
carried

encyclical

intended for general circulation

encyclopedia

a book or set of books containing articles on vario


noun
us topics

endanger

to expose to danger, to risk causing harm to

verb

endear

to make dear or precious

verb

endearing

tending to make dear or beloved

verb

endeavor

to attempt through application of effort

verb

endemic
endorse

natural to or characteristic of a specific people or


place
to support or give one's approval to, especially
officially

adjective

adjective
verb

endow

to furnish, as with some talent, faculty, or quality

verb

endue

to invest or endow with some gift, quality, or facult


verb
y

endurance

the measure of a person's stamina or persistence noun

endure

to hold out against, sustain without impairment or


verb
yielding

enduring

lasting, permanent, present participle of endure

verb

energetic

possessing, exerting, or displaying energy

adjective

enervate

to deprive of force or strength, weaken

verb

enfeeble

to make feeble, to weaken

verb

enfranchise

to admit to citizenship, especially to grant voting


rights

verb

engage

to occupy the attention or efforts

verb

engender

to produce, cause, or give rise to

verb

engrave

to carve text or symbols into (something)

verb

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engross

to occupy completely, as the mind or attention

verb

engulf

to overwhelm

verb

enhance

to raise to a higher degree, intensify, magnify

verb

enigma

a puzzling or inexplicable occurrence or situation

noun

enigmatic

perplexing, mysterious, resembling an enigma

adjective

enjoin

to lay upon, as an order or command, to order, to


verb
charge

enkindle

to kindle, to arouse or evoke

verb

enlighten

to supply with light, to illuminate

verb

enlist

to join a cause or organization, especially military verb

enmity

a feeling or condition of hostility, hatred, animosity noun

ennoble

to bestow with nobility, honour or grace

ennui
enormity
enormous

verb

a listlessness or melancholia caused by boredom,


noun
depression
greatness of size, scope, extent, or influence, imm
noun
ensity
deviating from the norm, unusual, extraordinary

adjective

enormousness great size or magnitude

noun

enrage

to fill with rage, to provoke to frenzy or madness

verb

enrapture

to fill with great delight or joy, to fascinate

verb

ensconce

to place in a secure environment

verb

enshrine

to enclose (a sacred relic etc ) in a shrine or chest verb

enshroud

to cover with (or as if with) a shroud

verb

ensnare

to entrap, to catch in a snare or trap

verb

entail

to imply or require

verb

entangle

to twist in such a manner as not to be easily


separated

verb

enthrall

to captivate or charm

verb

enthrone

to invest with sovereign or episcopal authority

verb

enthuse

to cause (someone) to feel enthusiasm or to be


enthusiastic

verb

enthusiastic

with zealous fervor, excited, motivated

adjective

entice

to lure, to attract by arousing desire or hope

verb

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entirety

wholeness, fullness, the whole

noun

entomology

the branch of zoology dealing with insects

noun

entrail

the internal parts of the trunk of a body, the


intestines

noun

entreat

to treat, or conduct toward, to deal with, to use

verb

entreaty

the act of entreating or beseeching, urgent prayer noun

entre

a dish served as the main course of a meal

noun

entrench

to place in a position of strength, establish firmly

verb

entwine
enumerate

to twist or twine around something (or one


verb
another)
to mention separately as if in counting, name one
by one

enunciate

to make a definite or systematic statement of

verb

enunciation

the act of announcing, proclaiming, or making


known

noun

envenom

to make poisonous

verb

envoy

a representative, a diplomatic agent

noun

enzyme

a protein that catalyses a biological chemical


reaction

noun

ephemeral

lasting a very short time, short-lived, transitory

adjective

epic

heroic, majestic, impressively great

epicure
epicurean
epicycle
epicycloid
epidemic
epidermis
epigram
epilogue
epiphany
epistemology
epistle
epistolary

a person who cultivates a refined taste, connoisse


ur
pursuing pleasure, esp. in reference to food or
comfort
circle whose centre is on the circumference of a
larger one
plane curve made by tracing the path of a point of
a circle

noun
adjective
noun
noun

like or having to do with an epidemic, widespread adjective


the outer, protective layer of the skin of
noun
vertebrates
any witty, ingenious, or pointed saying tersely exp
ressed
a concluding part added to a literary work, as a no
noun
vel
a manifestation of a divine or superhuman being

noun

the branch of philosophy dealing with the study of


noun
knowledge
a letter, or a literary composition in the form of a
noun
letter
of or relating to letters, or the writing of letters
adjective

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epitaph
epithet

an inscription on a gravestone in memory of the


deceased
any phrase applied to a person/thing to describe
a quality

noun
noun

epitome

a person or thing that is typical of a whole class

noun

epitomize

to serve as a typical example of, typify

verb

epizootic
epoch
epode

like or having to do with an epidemic among


animals
a period of history, esp. considered
remarkable/noteworthy
a lyric poem in which a short verse follws a long
one

adjective
noun
noun

equable

unvarying, calm and steady, constant and uniform adjective

equalize

to make equal

equanimity

mental or emotional stability or composure, calmn


noun
ess

equestrian

of horseback riding or horseback riders

adjective

equilibrium

the condition in which competing influences are


balanced

noun

equine

of or relating to a horse or horses

adjective

equipoise
equitable

verb

an equal distribution of weight, even balance, equi


noun
librium
characterized by equity or fairness, fair,
adjective
reasonable

equity

the quality of being fair or impartial, fairness

noun

equivalent

similar or identical in value, meaning or effect

adjective

equivocal
equivocate

of doubtful nature or character, questionable, dubi


adjective
ous
to use
verb
unclear expressions, usually in order to mislead

eradicate

to remove or destroy utterly

verb

erasure

the action of erasing, deletion, obliteration

noun

erode

to wear away by abrasion, corrosion or chemical


reaction

verb

err

to make a mistake

verb

errant

straying from the proper course or standard

adjective

erratic

unsteady, prone to unexpected changes, not


consistent

adjective

erroneous

containing error, mistaken, incorrect, wrong

adjective

ersatz

made in imitation, artificial

adjective

erudite

characterized by great knowledge, learned or scho adjective

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erudition
escalate

larly
knowledge acquired by study, research, etc.,
learning
to increase (something) in extent or intensity,
intensify

noun
verb

eschew

to abstain or keep away from, shun, avoid

verb

esoteric

understood by or meant for only a select few

adjective

espionage

the act or practice of spying

noun

espouse

to make one's own, adopt or embrace, as a cause verb

esprit

spirit, enthusiasm

noun

espy

to catch sight or, to perceive with the eyes, to


discover

verb

esquire

to attend, wait on, escort

verb

essence

the inherent nature of a thing or idea

noun

esteem

to regard someone with respect

verb

estimable

worthy of esteem, admirable

adjective

estrange

to cause to feel less close or friendly, alienate

verb

estuary

coastal water body where ocean tides and river


water merge

noun

ethereal

light, airy, or tenuous, delicate

adjective

ethos

characteristic spirit of a culture, era, or community noun

etymology

the derivation of a word, word origin

eugenic
eulogize
eulogy
euphemism

of bringing about improvement in produced


offspring
to praise or pay homage to, especially in a formal
eulogy
an oration to honor a deceased person, usually at
a funeral
an indirect expression substituted for an offensive
one

noun
adjective
verb
noun
noun

euphonious

pleasant-sounding, agreeable to the ear

adjective

euphony

a pleasing pronunciation of letters and syllables

noun

euphoria

a feeling of happiness, confidence, or well-being

noun

euphoric

feeling of great well-being or intense feeling of


happiness

adjective

eureka

an exclamation of triumph at a discovery

adjective

euthanasia
evacuate

the practice of painlessly killing for humane


reasons
to leave or withdraw from

noun
verb

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evade

to get away from by artifice, to avoid by dexterity verb

evanesce

to disappear into a mist or dissipate in vapor

verb

evanescence

to disappear gradually, vanish, fade away

verb

evanescent

vanishing, fading away, fleeting

adjective

evangelical
evangelist
evasion

pertaining to the gospel(s) of the christian new


testament
an itinerant or special preacher, especially a
revivalist
the act of eluding or avoiding, particularly some
pressure

adjective
noun
noun

evasive

tending to avoid making revelations about oneself adjective

eventual

happening at some indefinite future time

adjective

evert

to turn inside out

verb

evict

to expel (one or more people) from their property verb

evidential

of or providing evidence

adjective

evince

to show or demonstrate clearly, to manifest

verb

evocation

an act or instance of evoking, a calling forth

noun

evoke

to cause a thing to manifest in someone's mind

verb

evolution

any process of formation or growth, development noun

evolve

to develop gradually

verb

ewe

a female sheep, especially when fully mature

noun

ex officio

by right of position or office

noun

exacerbate

to increase the severity, bitterness, or violence of verb

exact

strictly accurate or correct

adjective

exacting

rigid or severe in demands or requirements

verb

exaggerate

to overstate, to describe more than is fact

verb

exalt

to raise in rank, honor, power, character, quality

verb

to irritate or provoke to a high degree, annoy extre


verb
mely
to irritate or provoke to a high degree, annoy extre
exasperation
noun
mely
exasperate

excavate

to make a hole in (something), to hollow

verb

exceed

to be larger, greater than (something)

verb

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excel
excellence

to be better or do better than someone or


something
the state of possessing good qualities in an
eminent degree

verb
noun

exceptionable liable to exception or objection, objectionable

adjective

excess

more than is normal, necessary or specified

adjective

excitable

easily excited

adjective

excitation

the act of exciting or putting in motion

noun

exclamation

a loud calling or crying out, indicative of emotion

noun

exclusion

the act of shutting out

noun

excoriate

to denounce or berate severely

verb

excoriation

the act of excoriating or flaying

noun

excrescence
excretion

something, usually abnormal, growing out of


something else
the process of removing material that has no
further utility

noun
noun

excruciate

to inflict intense pain on (someone), to torture

verb

exculpate

to clear from a charge of guilt or fault,vindicate

verb

excursion

a brief recreational trip, a journey out of the usual


noun
way

excusable

possible to excuse

adjective

execrable

utterly detestable, abominable, abhorrent

adjective

execration

a curse dictated by violent feelings of hatred

noun

executor

a person who performs some duty, job, etc

noun

exegesis

critical explanation or interpretation of a text

noun

exemplar

something fit to be imitated, ideal or model

noun

exemplary

worthy of imitation, commendable

adjective

exemplify

to show or illustrate by example

verb

exempt

to grant (someone) freedom or immunity from

verb

exert

to put in vigorous action

verb

exhale

to expel air from the lungs

verb

exhaustive

including every possible element

adjective

exhilarate

to enliven, invigorate, stimulate

verb

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exhort
exhume

to urge, advise, or caution earnestly, admonish ur


verb
gently
to dig out of the ground, to take out of a place of
verb
burial

exigency

exigent state or character, urgency

noun

exigent

urgent, needing immediate action

adjective

existence

the state of being, existing, or occurring,


beinghood

noun

existential

of, or relating to existence

adjective

exodus

a sudden departure of a large number of people

noun

exonerate
exorbitance

to relieve (someone or something) of a load, to


verb
unburden
exceeding the bounds of custom, propriety, or rea
noun
son

exorbitant

exceeding proper limits, extravagant

adjective

exorcise

to drive out an evil spirit from a person, place or


thing

verb

exorcism

the ceremony or the formula used in exorcising

noun

exotic

foreign, with the connotation of excitingly foreign

adjective

expand

to change from a smaller size to a larger one

verb

expanse

a wide stretch, usually of sea, sky, or land

noun

expansion

the act or process of expanding

noun

expatiate

to range at large, or without restraint

verb

expatriate

to banish (a person) from his or her native country

expectancy

anticipation, the state of expecting something

noun

expectorate

to cough up fluid from the lungs

verb

expediency

suitability for particular circumstance or situation

noun

expedient

simple, easy, or quick, convenient

adjective

expedite

to accelerate the progress of

verb

expeditious

fast, prompt, speedy

adjective

expend

to consume or exhaust some resource

verb

expiate

to atone or make reparation for

verb

explicate
explicit

to explain meticulously or in great detail, to


analyze
very specific, clear, or detailed

verb
adjective

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exploit

to use for ones own advantage

verb

exponent

one who expounds, represents or advocates

noun

exposition

the act of expounding, setting forth, or explaining noun

expository

serving to explain, explicate, or elucidate

adjective

expostulate

to protest or remonstrate

verb

exposure

the condition of being exposed, uncovered, or


unprotected

noun

expound

to set forth or state in detail

verb

expressive

effectively conveying thought or feeling

adjective

expulsion

the act of driving out or expelling

noun

expunge

to strike or blot out, erase

expurgate

to edit out incorrect, or otherwise undesirable


information

verb

extant

in existence, still existing, not destroyed or lost

adjective

extemporaneo
without preparation or advanced thought, offhand adjective
us
extempore

carried out with no preparation, impromptu

adjective

extensible

capable of being extended

adjective

extensive

in the nature of an extent, wide, widespread

adjective

extensor

a muscle whose contraction extends or straightens


noun
a limb

extenuate

to represent (a fault, offense, etc ) as less serious verb

external

outside of something

extinct

no longer in existence, that has ended or died out adjective

extinguish

to put out, as in fire, to end burning, to quench

extirpate

to remove or destroy totally, do away with, exterm


verb
inate

extol

to praise highly, laud, eulogize

verb

extort

to take by illegal exercise of power or ingenuity

verb

extortion
extradite
extradition
extrajudicial

obtaining
something by the abuse of office or authority
to move a person from one state to another by
legal process
surrender of an alleged fugitive
by one authority to another
carried out without legal authority

adjective

verb

noun
verb
noun
adjective

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extraneous

not belonging to, or dependent upon, a thing

extraordinary not ordinary, exceptional, unusual


extrapolate

extremist

adjective

to infer (an unknown) from something that is know


verb
n

extravagance excessive or superfluous expenditure of money


extravagant

adjective

noun

spending much more than is necessary or wise, w


adjective
asteful
holding extreme views, especially on a political
adjective
subject

extremity

the most extreme or furthest point of something

noun

extricate

to free, disengage, loosen, or untangle

verb

extrinsic

external, separable from the thing itself,


inessential

adjective

extrovert

an outgoing, gregarious person

noun

extrude

to push or thrust out

verb

exuberance

effusively and almost uninhibitedly enthusiastic

adjective

exuberant

very high-spirited, extremely energetic or


enthusiastic

adjective

exude

to discharge through pores, to emit, to give out

verb

exult

to rejoice, be very happy

verb

fabricate

to form into a whole by uniting its parts, to


construct

verb

fabrication

the act of framing, construction, manufacture

noun

fabulous

extraordinary, especially in being very large

adjective

facade

the face of a building, especially the front

noun

facet

one of the small, polished plane surfaces of a cut g


verb
em

facetious

not meant to be taken seriously or literally

facile

easily accomplished or attained

facile

moving, acting, working, proceeding, etc , with eas


adjective
e

facilitate

to make easy or easier

facility

ease in learning or in doing something, proficiency noun

facsimile

to send via a facsimile machine, normally spoken


as fax

verb

faction

a group or clique within a larger group

noun

factionalism

the splitting of a group into factions

noun

adjective

verb

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factious

of, pertaining to, or caused by factions

fad

a temporary fashion, notion, manner of conduct, e


noun
tc

falderol

nonsense or foolishness

noun

fallacious

containing a fallacy, logically unsound

adjective

fallacy

deceptive or false appearance, deceitfulness,


deception

noun

fallible

capable of making mistakes or being wrong

adjective

fallow

to make land fallow for agricultural purposes

verb

falter

to waver or be unsteady

verb

famine

extreme and general scarcity of food, as in a count


noun
ry

famish

to suffer or cause to suffer extreme hunger, starve verb

fanatic
fanatical

a person with an extreme enthusiasm or zeal,


as in religion
having an extreme zeal or enthusiasm for
something

adjective

noun
adjective

fanaticism

the characteristic or practice of being a fanatic

noun

fanciless

having no fancy, without ideas or imagination

adjective

farcical

resembling a farce, ludicrous, absurd

adjective

fastidious

excessively particular, demanding, or fussy about


adjective
details

fastidiousness the quality of being fastidious


fatalist
fathom
fatuous
faulty
faun
fauna

one who maintains all things happen by inevitable


necessity
to penetrate to the truth of, comprehend,
understand
foolish or inane, especially in an unconscious
manner, silly
having or displaying faults not adequate or
acceptable
mythical woodland creature with pointed ears and
short horns
animals of a given region or period considered as
a whole

noun
noun
verb
adjective
adjective
noun
noun

faux pas

a slip or blunder in etiquette, manners, or conduct noun

fawn

to exhibit affection or attempt to please

verb

fealty

fidelity, faithfulness

noun

feasible

that can be done in practice

adjective

febrile

feverish, or having a high temperature

adjective

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feckless

ineffective, incompetent, futile

adjective

fecund

highly fertile, able to produce offspring

adjective

federate

to unite in a federation

verb

feign

to represent by a false appearance of, to pretend

verb

feint
felicitate
felicitous

a movement made in order to deceive an adversar


verb
y
to congratulate, to compliment upon a happy
verb
event
well-suited for the occasion, as an action or
adjective
expression

felicity

happiness, especially to a high degree

noun

felon

a person convicted of a felony

noun

felonious

having the quality of felony, malignant, malicious

adjective

felony
feminine
feral
ferment
fernery

an offense, as murder or burglary, of grave charac


noun
ter
of the female sex, biologically female, not male,
adjective
womanly
existing in a natural state, not domesticated, wild adjective
living organisms (yeasts, molds) that
cause fermentation
specialized garden for the cultivation and display
of ferns

noun
noun

ferocious

marked by extreme and violent energy

ferocity

the condition of being ferocious, savage fierceness noun

fertile

capable of growing abundant crops, productive

fertilize
fervent

adjective

adjective

to make (the soil) more fertile by adding nutrients


verb
to it
having or showing great warmth or intensity of spi
adjective
rit

fervid

heated or vehement in spirit, enthusiasm, etc

adjective

fervor

an intense, heated emotion, passion, ardor

noun

festal

festive, relating to a festival or feast

adjective

festive

having the atmosphere,or attitude of a celebration adjective

fete

to celebrate (a person)

verb

fetid

having an offensive odor, stinking

adjective

fetish

an object seen as being the habitation of a spirit

noun

fetter

to shackle or bind up with fetters

verb

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fetus

an unborn vertebrate showing signs of the mature


noun
animal

feudal

of, or relating to the feudal system

adjective

feudalism

social system based on personal resources and


fealty

noun

fiasco

a complete and ignominious failure

noun

fiat

an authoritative command or order, an effectual


decree

noun

fickle

likely to change, casually changeable

adjective

fictitious

not real, invented, contrived

adjective

fidelity

faithfulness to one's duties

noun

fidget

to wiggle or twitch, to move around nervously or


idly

verb

fiducial

accepted as a fixed basis of reference

adjective

fief

a territory held in fee

noun

figment

a fabrication, fantasy, invention, something


fictitious

noun

figurative

metaphorical, as opposed to literal

adjective

figurehead

person who is head of a group in title but has no


authority

noun

filch

to steal, to illegally take possession of

verb

filial

of, pertaining to, or befitting a son or daughter

adjective

filibuster

to force a decision

verb

financial

pertaining or relating to money matters

adjective

financier

a person skilled in managing large financial operat


noun
ions

finery

fine or showy dress, ornaments, etc

finesse

extreme delicacy or subtlety in action, performanc


verb
e, etc

finicky

fastidious and fussy, difficult to please, exacting

adjective

finite

having bounds or limits, not infinite, measurable

adjective

fiscal

related to the treasury of a country, company, or


region

adjective

fishmonger

a person who sells fish

noun

fission

the act of cleaving or splitting into parts

verb

fissure
fitful

narrow opening produced by cleavage or


separation of parts
irregular, unsteady, characterized by fits

noun

noun
adjective

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fixture

to furnish with, as, or in a fixture

verb

flabbergasted

simple past tense and past participle of


flabbergast

verb

flaccid

soft and limp, not firm, flabby

adjective

flag-officer

ship carrying the flag


officer or commander, flying his flag

noun

flagrant

obvious and offensive, blatant, scandalous

adjective

flair

a natural or innate talent or aptitude, a knack

noun

flamboyant

showy, bold or audacious in behaviour,


appearance, etc

adjective

flammable

capable of burning, especially a liquid

adjective

flatulence

the state of having gas, trapped in the digestive


system

noun

flaunt

to parade, display with ostentation

verb

flax

a plant of the genus linum which has a single,


slender stalk

noun

fledgling

untried or inexperienced

adjective

fleeting

passing swiftly, vanishing quickly, transient, transi


verb
tory

flexibility

the quality of being flexible, suppleness, pliability noun

flexible

capable of being flexed, bent or twisted, without


breaking

adjective

flexion

the act of bending a limb

noun

flimsy
flinch
flippant

likely to bend or break under pressure, weak,


adjective
shaky
to make an involuntary movement in response to
verb
stimulus
frivolously disrespectful, shallow or lacking in serio
adjective
usness

floe

a low, flat mass of floating ice

noun

flora

plants considered as a group, esp. those of one


region

noun

floral

of, pertaining to, or connected with flowers

adjective

florid

having a rosy or pale red colour, ruddy

adjective

floridness

the quality of being florid

noun

florist

a person who sells flowers

noun

flotsam

debris floating in a sea, fragments from a


shipwreck

noun

flourish

to thrive or grow well

verb

flout

to treat with disdain, scorn, or contempt, scoff at, verb

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mock
fluctuate
fluctuation
flue
fluent
flugel

to vary irregularly, to swing


a motion like that of waves, a moving back and
forth
a pipe or duct that carries gaseous combustion
products away
able to speak a language accurately, rapidly and
confidently
a grand piano or harpsichord, both being wingshaped

verb
noun
noun
adjective

fluke

to obtain a successful outcome by pure chance

verb

fluster

to confuse, befuddle

verb

fluvial

of or pertaining to a river

adjective

flux

flowing or flow

verb

fodder

to feed animals (with fodder)

verb

fog

a cloudlike mass or layer of minute water droplets adjective

foible

a minor weakness or failing of character, slight fla


adjective
w

foil

to prevent (something) from being accomplished

verb

foist

to introduce or insert surreptitiously or without


warrant

verb

foliage

the leaves of plants

noun

folio

a leaf of a book or manuscript

noun

folk-lore

the traditional beliefs, legends, customs, etc

noun

foment

to instigate or foster (discord, rebellion, etc )

fondle

to touch or stroke lovingly

verb

foolery

foolish behaviour or speech

noun

foot-note

an explanatory or documenting note at the


bottom of a page

noun

foppery

the dress or actions of a fop

noun

foppish

like a fop, a man overly concerned with his


appearance

adjective

forage

to wander or go in search of provisions

verb

foray
forbear

to scour (an area or place) for food, treasure,


booty etc
to keep away from, to avoid, to abstain from, to
give up

verb
verb

forbearance

restraint under provocation

noun

forbid

to command not to do something, have

verb

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something, etc
forby

close by, near

adjective

forcible

done or effected by force

adjective

ford

to cross a stream using a ford

verb

forebode

to predict a future event, to hint at something

verb

forecastle
foreclose

a raised part of the upper deck at the front of a


ship
repossess property whose owner has failed to
make payments

noun
verb

forecourt

courtyard before the entrance to a building

noun

forefather

ancestor

noun

forego

to precede, to go before

verb

foreground

the ground or parts situated in the front

noun

forehead

part of the face above the eyebrows and below the


noun
hairline

foreign

from a different country

adjective

foreigner

a person from a foreign country

noun

forejudge

to prejudge, to judge beforehand

verb

foreknowledg knowing beforehand, prescience, foresight,


e
precognition

noun

foreman

noun

forensic
forensics
foreordain
foreordination
forepeak

the leader of a work crew


relating to the use of science in investigation of
evidence
the use of science to answer questions for the
legal system
to predestine or preordain
previous ordination or appointment,
predetermination
the part of the hold of a ship within the angle of
the bow

adjective

verb
noun
noun

forerun

to run in front

verb

foresail

the lowest (and usually the largest) square sail

noun

foresee

to anticipate, to predict

verb

foreshore
foresight

the ground between the water's edge and cultivat


noun
ed land
the ability to foresee or prepare wisely for the
noun
future

forestall

to prevent, delay or hinder something, to avert

verb

foretell

to tell what's going to happen in the future

verb

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forethought

thinking beforehand, planning, prior consideration noun

forfeit

to suffer the loss of something by wrongdoing

verb

forfend

to prohibit, to forbid, to avert

verb

forge
forgery

to form by heating and hammering, beat into shap


verb
e
the production of a fake work that is claimed to be
noun
genuine

forgo

to let pass, to leave alone

verb

forlorn

desolate or dreary, as in feeling, condition

adjective

formation

something possessing structure or form

noun

formidable

causing fear, apprehension, or dread

adjective

formula
forsake
forswear

any fixed or conventional method for doing somet


noun
hing
to abandon, to give up, to leave (permanently), to
verb
renounce
to renounce or deny something, especially under
verb
oath

forte

a person's strong suit, talent, or skill

adjective

forthright

going straight to the point, frank, direct

noun

fortify

to protect or strengthen against attack

verb

fortitude

the mental strength that enables courage

noun

fortuitous

happening or produced by chance, accidental

adjective

forum

a place for discussion

noun

foster
foursome

to nurture offspring or to provide similar to


another child
a group of four, a quartet or a game played by
four players

verb
noun

fourth

being one of four equal parts

adjective

fracas

a noisy, disorderly disturbance or fight

noun

fractious

refractory or unruly

adjective

fracture

to break, or cause something to break

verb

fragile
frailty
frankincense
frantic

easily broken or destroyed and often of subtle


structure
the condition of being frail, physically, mentally,
etc
type of incense obtained from the boswellia
thurifera tree
desperate or wild with excitement, passion, fear, p

adjective
noun
noun
adjective

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ain, etc
fraternal

of brothers (fraternal twins)

fraudulence

characterized by, involving, or proceeding from fra


noun
ud

fraudulent

dishonest, based on fraud or deception

adjective

fraught

filled or charged

adjective

fray

to unravel, used particularly for the edge of cloth

verb

freemason
freethinker

adjective

a member of a guild of skilled masons during the


noun
middle ages
a person who forms opinions on the basis of reaso
noun
n

frenetic

frantic, frenzied

adjective

frequency

the rate of occurrence of anything

noun

fresco

painting on a moist, plaster surface

verb

freshness

the state or quality of being fresh

noun

fretful

irritable, bad-tempered, grumpy or peevish

adjective

frieze

a decorative band beneath the cornice of an


interior wall

noun

frightful

frightened

adjective

frigid

very cold, lacking warmth, icy

adjective

frigidarium

in roman baths, a room with a bath of cold water

noun

frisson

a sudden surge of excitement, shudder of


emotion, thrill

noun

frivolity

frivolous acts, state of being frivolous

noun

frivolous

silly, especially at an inappropriate time

adjective

frizz

of hair, to form into a mass of tight curls

verb

frizzle

to fry something until crisp and curled

verb

frolicsome

given to frolicking, playful

adjective

frontal

of, in, or at the front

adjective

frontier

lying on the exterior part, bordering

adjective

froward

willfully contrary, not easily managed

adjective

frowzy

dirty and untidy, slovenly

adjective

frugal

avoiding unnecessary expenditure either of money adjective

fruition

the fulfillment of something worked for

noun

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fugacious

fleeting, fading quickly, transient

adjective

fulcrum

the support about which a lever pivots

noun

fulminate

to explode with a loud noise, detonate

verb

fulsome
fumigate
functionary

offensive to good taste, especially as being excess


adjective
ive
to disinfect, purify, rid of vermin with the chemical
verb
fumes
a person employed as an official who holds limited
noun
authority

fundamental

pertaining to the foundation or basis

adjective

fungible

being of such nature or kind as to be freely


exchangeable

adjective

fungous

of or pertaining to a fungus, fungal

adjective

fungus

any member of the kingdom fungi

noun

furbish

to polish or burnish

verb

furlong

a unit of distance, equal to 220 yards or 0.2 km

noun

furlough

a usually temporary layoff from work

verb

furrier

comparative form of furry, more furry

adjective

furrow

to make (a) groove, a cut(s) in (the ground etc )

verb

further

to encourage growth

verb

furtherance

the act of furthering or helping forward

noun

furtive

taken, done, used, etc , surreptitiously or by stealt


adjective
h

fuse

to melt together, to blend, to mix indistinguishably verb

fusible

able to be fused or melted

fustian
futile

adjective

a kind of coarse twilled cotton or cotton and linen


noun
stuff
incapable of producing any result, ineffective, usel
adjective
ess

futurist

in the style of futurism

adjective

gaffe

a foolish and embarrassing error, esp one made in


noun
public

gaiety

the state of being happy

noun

gaily

merrily, joyfully

adjective

gainsay

to deny, dispute, or contradict

verb

gait

a manner of walking, stepping, or running

noun

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gallant

brave, valiant

galleon

a large sailing vessel of the 15th to the 17th centu


noun
ries

galore

in abundance

adjective

galvanic

of or pertaining to galvanism, electric

adjective

galvanism

the chemical generation of electricity

noun

galvanize
gambit

to stimulate by or as if by a galvanic (electric)


current
an opening in chess, in which a minor piece is
sacrificed

adjective

verb
noun

gambol

to skip about, as in dancing or playing, frolic

verb

gamester

a person who plays games

noun

gamut

a (normally) complete range

noun

gape

to open the mouth wide as in a yawn or surprise

verb

garble

to confuse unintentionally or ignorantly, jumble

verb

gargantuan

of the giant gargantua or his appetite

adjective

garish
garner

overly ostentatious, so colourful as to be in bad


taste
to reap grain, gather it up, and store it in a
granary

adjective
verb

garnish

to decorate with ornamental appendages, to adorn verb

garrison

to assign troops to a military post

verb

garrote

to execute by strangulation

verb

garrulous

excessively talkative, rambling

adjective

gaseous

relating to, or existing as, gas

adjective

gastric

of or relating to the stomach

adjective

gastritis

inflammation of the lining of the stomach

noun

gastronomy

the art or science of good eating

noun

gauche

awkward or lacking in social graces, bumbling

adjective

gauge

to measure or determine capacity, character, or


ability

verb

gaunt

lean, angular, and bony

adjective

gauntlet
gendarme

a medieval glove, as of mail or plate, worn by a kn


noun
ight
a member of the gendarmerie, a policing military noun

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genealogist
genealogy

body
a person who studies, professes or practices
noun
genealogy
a record or account of the ancestry and descent of
noun
a person

generality

the quality of being general

noun

generalize

to speak in generalities, or in vague terms

verb

generally

usually, commonly, ordinarily

adverb

generic
generosity
genesis

very comprehensive, pertaining or appropriate to


big groups
the trait of being willing to donate money and/or
time
the origin or point at which something begins to
exist

adjective
noun
noun

genial

warmly and pleasantly cheerful, cordial

adjective

geniality

the quality of being


warmly and pleasantly cheerful

noun

genital

of, or relating to biological reproduction

adjective

genitive

the case which expresses origin or possession


(grammar)

adjective

genteel

polite and well-mannered

adjective

gentile

non-jewish

adjective

geology

science of the structure of the earth through study


noun
of rocks

germane

related to the topic being discussed or considered adjective

germinal

pertaining or belonging to a germ

adjective

germinate

to begin to grow or develop

verb

gestation
gesticulate

the period of time an infant develops inside the


mother
to make gestures or motions, as in speaking, to
use postures

noun
verb

gesticulate

to make animated gestures while speaking

verb

gesture

to make a gesture or gestures

verb

ghastly

horrifyingly shocking

adjective

ghoulish

of or pertaining to ghouls

adjective

gibbering

speaking inarticulately or meaninglessly

verb

gibe

to utter mocking or scoffing words

verb

giddy

to make dizzy or unsteady

adjective

gigantic

very large

adjective

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gingerly

with great care or caution

girder

a beam of steel, wood,etc, used as a main support noun

gist

the most essential part, the main idea or


substance

noun

glacial

of, or relating to glaciers

adjective

glacier

a large body of ice which flows under its own mass noun

gladden

to cause (something) to become glad

verb

glazier

a person who fits windows or the like with glass

noun

glean

to gather slowly and laboriously, bit by bit

verb

glib

readily fluent, often thoughtlessly or insincerely so

glimmer

to shine with a faint light

verb

glimpse

to see or view briefly or incompletely

verb

gloat

to exhibit a conspicuous sense of self-satisfaction

verb

globose

having a globular form

adjective

globular

roughly spherical in shape

adjective

glorious
glut

attributes, qualities, or acts that are worthy of


glory
to fill to capacity, to satisfy all requirement or
demand

adjective

adjective
verb

glutinous

glue-like, sticky, viscid

adjective

glutton

a person who eats and drinks excessively or voraci


noun
ously

gluttonous

given to excessive eating, prone to overeating

adjective

gluttony

the vice of eating to excess

noun

gnarled

knotty and misshapen

adjective

gnash

to grind one's teeth in pain or in anger

verb

goad

to prick or drive with, or as if with, a goad, prod

verb

gordian

resembling the gordian knot in intricacy

adjective

gosling

a young goose

noun

gossamer

a fine, filmy cobweb seen on grass or floating in


the air

noun

gothic

a style of architecture from the mid-12th century

adjective

gouge

to scoop out or turn with or as if with a gouge

noun

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gourd

the dried shell of a hard fruit used for utensils

noun

gourmand

a person who is fond of good eating

noun

graceless

without grace

adjective

gradation

a sequence of gradual, successive stages

noun

gradient

an inclined surface, grade, ramp

noun

granary

a storage facility for grain or sometimes animal


feed

noun

grandeur

the state of being grand or splendid, magnificence noun

grandiloquenc
lofty, pompous or bombastic speech or writing
e

noun

grandiloquent overly wordy, pompous, flowery, or elaborate

adjective

grandiose

large and impressive, in size, scope or extent

adjective

grantee

the person to whom something is granted

noun

grantor

a person who grants something

noun

granular

consisting of, or resembling, granules or grains

adjective

granulate

to segment into tiny grains or particles

verb

granule

a tiny grain, a small particle

noun

grapple

to seize something and hold it firmly

verb

grate
gratification

to shred things, usually food, by rubbing across a


grater
the act of pleasing the mind, the taste, or the
appetite

verb
noun

gratify

to give pleasure by satisfying desires, to indulge

verb

gratis

free, without charge

adjective

gratuitous
gratuity

being without apparent reason, cause, or justificati


adjective
on
a reward, or payment provided freely, without
noun
obligation

gregarious

fond of the company of others, sociable

adjective

grenadier

a type of soldier, originally one who threw


grenades

noun

grievance

something which causes grief

noun

grievous

causing grief, pain or sorrow

adjective

grimace

to distort one's face, to make faces

verb

grindstone

an abrasive wheel for sharpening, polishing or

noun

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grinding
grisly

horrifyingly repellent, terrifying, gruesome

adjective

gristle

cartilage, especially in meats

noun

gritty

containing sand or grit, full of hard particles

adjective

grotesque

distorted and unnatural in shape or size,


abnormal, hideous

adjective

grotto

a cave or cavern

noun

grouse

any gallinaceous birds of the subfamily


tetraoninae

noun

grovel

to humble oneself or act in an abject manner

verb

gruff

to have a rough, surly, or harsh nature

adjective

guess

to reach a partly (or totally) unqualified conclusion verb

guffaw

to laugh boisterously

guile

insidious cunning in attaining a goal, artful decepti


noun
on

guileless

sincere, honest, straightforward, frank

adjective

guinea

a coastal region in w africa

noun

guise

general external appearance, aspect, semblance

noun

gullibility

the quality of believing information, truthful or


otherwise

noun

gullible

easily deceived or cheated

adjective

gumption

energy of mind and body, enthusiasm

noun

gustatory

of, or relating to, the sense of taste

adjective

gusto

enthusiasm, enjoyment, vigor

noun

guzzle

to drink quickly, voraciously, or to excess

verb

gynecocracy

a society ruled by women

noun

gynecology

a medical science dealing with women's


reproductive health

noun

gyrate

to revolve round a central point, to revolve

verb

gyroscope

apparatus of a wheel which spins inside of a frame noun

habitable

safe and comfortable, fit for habitation

adjective

habitant

inhabitant, dweller

noun

habitual

behaving in a regular manner, as a habit

adjective

habitude

the essential character of one's being or existence noun

verb

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hackles

the erectile hair on the back of an animal's neck

noun

hackney

to make uninteresting or trite by frequent use

verb

hackneyed

made commonplace or trite, stale

adjective

haggard

looking exhausted and unwell, in poor condition

adjective

hail

to cheer, salute, or greet, welcome

verb

halcyon

calm, peaceful, tranquil

adjective

hale

free from disease or infirmity, robust, vigorous

adjective

hallow

to make holy, to sanctify

verb

hamper

to hold back, hinder, impede

verb

handwriting
hangar

writing done with a pen or pencil in the hand,


script
a large garage-like structure where aircraft are
kept

noun
noun

hap

to happen, to befall, to chance

verb

haphazard

random, chaotic, incomplete, not thorough

adjective

hapless

unlucky, luckless, unfortunate

adjective

harangue

to give a forceful and lengthy lecture or criticism

verb

harass
harbinger

to fatigue or to tire with repeated and exhausting


efforts
a person who makes known the approach of
another, herald

verb
noun

hard-hearted unfeeling, unmerciful, pitiless

adjective

hardihood

boldness and daring

noun

hardy

having rugged physical strength, inured to fatigue adjective

harmonious

marked by agreement in feeling, attitude, or actio


adjective
n

harrowing

extremely disturbing or distressing, grievous

adjective

haste

swiftness of motion, speed

noun

haughtiness

the state or property of being haughty, arrogance,


noun
snobbery

haughty

disdainfully proud, snobbish, scornfully arrogant

adjective

hauteur

haughtiness or arrogance, loftiness

noun

havoc

great destruction or devastation

noun

hawthorn

any of various small trees having small fruits and

noun

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hazard
headstrong

thorns
an unavoidable danger or risk, even though often
noun
foreseeable
determined to do as one pleases, and not as
adjective
others want

heartrending that causes great grief, anguish or distress

adjective

heathenish

somewhat like a heathen

adjective

heckle

to harass with impertinent questions or gibes

verb

hedonism

the doctrine that pleasure or happiness is the high


noun
est good

heed

to give careful attention to

verb

hegemony

leadership exercised by one nation over others

noun

heifer

a young female bovine (cow) that has not yet had


noun
a calf

heinous

hateful, odious, abominable, totally reprehensible adjective

hemorrhage
hemorrhoid
hence

a profuse discharge of blood from a ruptured blood


noun
vessel
an abnormally enlarged vein, occurring
noun
inside the rectum
as an inference from this fact, for this reason,
adverb
therefore

henchman

a loyal and trusted follower or subordinate

noun

henpeck

to nag persistently

verb

heptagon

a polygon with seven sides and seven angles

noun

heptarchy

government by seven people

noun

herbaceous

of, pertaining to, or characteristic of an herb

adjective

herbarium

a collection of dried plants or parts of plants

noun

herbivorous

feeding only on plants

adjective

herculean
hereditary
heredity
heresy
heretic

requiring the great strength of a hercules, hard to


perform
passing naturally from parent to
offspring through the genes
transmission of the qualities of parents to their
offspring
opinion or doctrine at variance with the accepted
doctrine
anyone who does not conform to an established
doctrine

adjective
adjective
noun
noun
noun

heretical

of or pertaining to heresy or heretics

adjective

heritage

an inheritance, property that may be inherited

noun

hermetic

made airtight by fusion or sealing

adjective

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hernia

disorder where a part of the body protrudes


through a tear

noun

heroine

a woman of distinguished courage or ability

noun

hesitancy

a pausing before beginning a task, often as a


result of fear

noun

hesitant

tending to hesitate, wait, or proceed with caution

adjective

hesitation

a delay due to uncertainty of mind or fear

noun

heterodox

religious teachings not different enough to be


heretical

adjective

heterodoxy

the quality of being heterodox

noun

heterogeneity the state of being composed from dissimilar parts noun


heterogeneou
s
heteromorphi
c

diverse in kind or nature, composed of diverse


adjective
parts
having different forms in different stages of the life
adjective
cycle

hew

to strike forcibly with a cutting instrument, chop

verb

hexagon

a polygon with six sides and six angles

noun

hexangular

having six angles or corners

adjective

hexapod

having six feet, six-footed

adjective

hiatus

a gap in a series, making it incomplete

noun

hibernal

of or pertaining to winter, brumal or hiemal

adjective

hibernian

characteristic of ireland or its inhabitants, irish

adjective

hidebound

bound with the hide of an animal

adjective

hideous

frightful, shocking, extremely ugly

adjective

any system of persons or things ranked one above


noun
another
a pictographic script, e.g. that of the ancient
hieroglyphics
noun
egyptians
hierarchy

hillock

a small hill

noun

hinder

to make difficult to accomplish, act as obstacle

verb

hindmost

furthest behind or nearest the rear, last

adjective

hindrance

something that holds back something else

noun

hindsight

recognition of the realities of a situation after it


happens

noun

hirsute

hairy, shaggy

adjective

histrionic

of, or relating to actors or acting

adjective

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hoard

to amass, usually for one's personal collection

verb

hoarse

afflicted by a dry, quite harsh voice

adjective

hoary

white or gray with age

adjective

hoc

the latin word for "this"

noun

holocaust

a great or complete devastation or destruction

noun

homage

in feudalism, the oath of a vassal to honor a lord's


noun
rights

homeopathy

alternative medicine doctrine of "like cures like"

homily

a sermon, especially concerning a practical matter noun

noun

homogeneity the state or quality of being homogeneous

noun

homologous

adjective

homonym
homophone

showing a degree of correspondence or similarity

word that sounds like another but has a different


noun
meaning
word pronounced the same as another but differs
noun
in spelling

hone

to sharpen on a hone

verb

honorarium

compensation for services without a


predetermined value

noun

hoodwink

to deceive or trick

verb

horde

a wandering troop or gang

noun

hosiery

stockings or socks of any kind

noun

hospitable

cordial and generous towards guests

adjective

hostility

the state of being hostile

noun

hubris

excessive pride or self-confidence, arrogance

noun

huckster

to haggle, to wrangle, or to bargain

verb

hue

a gradation or variety of a color, tint

noun

having regard for the health and well-being of


adjective
another
having concern for or helping to improve people's
humanitarian
adjective
welfare
to give, cause to have the fundamental properties
humanize
verb
of a human
humane

humble

not proud or arrogant, modest

adjective

humbug

to play a trick on

verb

humdrum

lacking variety, boring, dull

adjective

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humiliate

to injure a person's dignity and self-respect

verb

hummock

an elevated tract of land above the level of a


marshy region

noun

humus

the dark organic material in soils

noun

husbandry

the production of edible crops or of animals for


food

noun

hussar

one of the light cavalry of european armies

noun

hustle

to rush or hurry

verb

the offspring of two animals or plants of different


noun
breeds
a nine-headed serpent, which when cut off grow
hydra
noun
back as two
operated by, or employing water or other liquids in
hydraulic
adjective
motion
hydrodynamic the branch of fluid
noun
s
dynamics that deals with liquids
generating electricity by using the energy of
hydroelectric
adjective
moving water
hydrometallur the technique of extracting metals with liquid solv
noun
gy
ents
an instrument for determining the gravity of a
hydrometer
noun
liquid
hybrid

hydrostatics

the scientific study of fluids at rest

noun

hydrous

containing combined water, hydrated

adjective

hygiene
hyperbole

the science of health, its promotion and


preservation
extreme exaggeration or overstatement, a
rhetorical device

noun
noun

hypercritical

meticulously or excessively critical

hypnosis

an artificially induced trance state resembling slee


noun
p

Hypnotic

of or pertaining to hypnosis or hypnotism

adjective

hypnotize

to induce somebody into a state of hypnosis

verb

an
278 hypochondria
excessive preoccupation with and worry about one
8
c
's health
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pretense of having principles that one does not
hypocrisy
9
really have
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one whose actions are inconsistent with their
hypocrite
0
claimed belief
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hypocritical
characterized by hypocrisy or being a hypocrite
1
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hypodermic
pertaining to parts under the skin
2
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hypotenuse
the side of a right triangle opposite the right angle
3

adjective

adjective
noun
noun
adjective
adjective
noun

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hypothesis

a proposition given as explanation for a group of


phenomena

noun

hypothetical

based upon a hypothesis, conjectural

adjective

hysteria

exhibiting uncontrollable emotion, such as fear or


noun
panic

ichthyic

of, pertaining to, or like fish, piscine

adjective

ichthyology

the branch of zoology dealing with fishes

noun

ichthyosaur

a fishlike marine reptile of the extinct order ichthy


noun
osauria

icily

in an icy manner

adverb

iciness

the state or quality of being icy or very cold,


frigidity

noun

iconoclast

one who destroys religious images or icons

noun

idealist

a person who cherishes or pursues noble


principles, etc

noun

idealize

to regard something as ideal

verb

ideology

doctrine, philosophy, body of beliefs or principles

noun

idiom

a manner of speaking, a way of expressing oneself noun

idiosyncrasy

a characteristic, habit, mannerism peculiar to an


individual

noun

idolatrous

worshipping idols

adjective

idolatry

the religious worship of idols

noun

idolize

to make an idol of, or to worship as an idol

verb

idyllic

of or pertaining to idylls, charmingly simple or


rustic

adjective

ignoble

not noble, plebeian, common

adjective

ignominious

discreditable, humiliating

adjective

ignominy

great dishonor, shame, or humiliation

noun

ill-natured

bad-tempered, irritable or malevolent

adjective

illegitimate

born out of wedlock

adjective

illiberal

restrictive to individual choice and freedom,


authoritarian

adjective

illicit

lacking licitness, but not invalid

adjective

illimitable

impervious to limitation, without limit

adjective

illiterate

unable to read and write

adjective

illogical

contrary to logic, lacking sense or sound reasoning adjective

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illuminant

something that illuminates

noun

illuminate

to shine light on something

verb

illumine

to illuminate

verb

illusion

anything that seems to be something that it is not noun

illusive

subject to or pertaining to an illusion

adjective

illusory

resulting from an illusion, deceptive, imaginary,


unreal

adjective

illustrious

highly distinguished, renowned, famous

adjective

imaginary

existing only in the imagination

adjective

imbibe

to drink (used frequently of alcoholic beverages)

verb

imbroglio

a misunderstanding, disagreement, etc

noun

imbrue

to stain (in, with, blood, slaughter, etc )

verb

imbue

to stain an object completely with some physical


quality

verb

imitation

the act of imitating

noun

imitator

one who imitates or apes another

noun

immaculate

free from spot or stain, immaculately clean

adjective

immaterial

having no matter or substance

adjective

immature

not fully formed or developed, unripe

adjective

immeasurable impossible to measure

adjective

immense

huge, gigantic, very large

adjective

immerse

to put under the surface of a liquid, to dunk

verb

immigrant
immigrate

of or relating to immigrants or the act of


immigrating
to move into another country to stay there
permanently

adjective
verb

imminent

about to happen, occur, or take place very soon

adjective

immiscible

(of two or more liquids) that are not mutually


soluble

adjective

immoderate

excessive or lacking, not consistent

adjective

immolate

to sacrifice

verb

immoral

not moral, inconsistent with rectitude or good


morals

adjective

immortalize

to bestow unending fame upon, perpetuate

verb

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immovable

incapable of being physically moved, fixed

adjective

immune

exempt, not subject to

adjective

immunity

the state of being insusceptible to something

noun

immure

to cloister, confine, imprison, to lock up behind


walls

verb

immutable

unchangeable, changeless

adjective

impair

to weaken, to affect negatively

verb

impalpable

incapable of being perceived by touch, intangible adjective

impart

to make known, to tell, to relate

impartial
impassable
impasse

treating all parties, rivals, or disputants equally,


fair
incapable of being passed over, crossed, or
negotiated
a situation from which there is no escape,
deadlock

verb
adjective
adjective
noun

impassible

not allowing passage over, through, along, etc

adjective

impassioned

filled with intense emotion or passion, fervent

adjective

impassive

having, or revealing, no emotion

adjective

impatience

restlessness and intolerance of delays

noun

impeccable

faultless, flawless, irreproachable

adjective

impecunious

having little or no money, poor

adjective

impede

to obstruct, hinder

verb

impel

to urge a person, to press on, to incite to action or


verb
motion

impend

to be about to happen or occur

verb

impenitent

not feeling regret over one's sins

adjective

imperative

essential

adjective

imperceptible

not perceptible, not detectable, too small to be


observed

adjective

imperfectible incapable of being made perfect

adjective

imperial

related to an empire, emperor, or empress

adjective

imperil

to put into peril, to place in danger or cause a


hazard

verb

imperious

domineering, arrogant, or overbearing

adjective

impermissible not permissible, not to be permitted or allowed

adjective

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impersonal

not personal, not having personality

adjective

impersonate

to assume the character or appearance of

verb

impersuadabl
not to be persuaded, obstinate, unyielding
e

adjective

impertinent

adjective

imperturbable
impervious

insolent, ill-mannered

incapable of being upset or agitated, not easily ex


adjective
cited
not permitting penetration or passage,
adjective
impenetrable

impetuosity

the quality of making rash or arbitrary decisions

noun

impetuous

of, pertaining to, or characterized by sudden or


rash action

adjective

impetus

something that impels, a stimulating factor

noun

impiety

the state of being impious

noun

impinge

to make an impression, have an effect or impact

verb

impious

not pious or religious, lacking reverence for god, et


adjective
c

implacable

not to be appeased, mollified, or pacified

adjective

implausible

not plausible, unlikely, dubious

adjective

implement

to bring about, to put into practice

verb

impliable

not pliable, inflexible, unyielding

adjective

implicate

to show to be involved, usually in an incriminating


verb
manner

implicit

implied indirectly, without being directly expressed adjective

imply
impolitic

to indicate or suggest without being explicitly


stated
not in accordance with good policy, unwise,
inexpedient

verb
adjective

importation

the act or an instance of importing

noun

importunate

to importune, or to obtain by importunity

verb

importune

to harass with persistent requests

verb

imposture

the action or practice of imposing fraudulently upo


noun
n others

impotent

lacking physical strength or vigor, weak

adjective

impoverish

make poor

verb

impracticable not practicable, impossible or difficult in practice


imprecation

the act of imprecating, or invoking evil upon


someone

adjective
noun

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impregnate

to cause to become pregnant

verb

impromptu

improvised, without prior preparation, unplanned

adjective

improper

not proper, not strictly belonging, applicable, etc

adjective

improvident

failing to provide for the future, reckless

adjective

improvise
imprudent

to compose and perform without previous


preparation
not prudent, wanting in prudence or discretion,
indiscreet

verb
adjective

impudent

lacking discretion, incautious, rash

adjective

impugn

to challenge as false,cast doubt upon

verb

impugned

dispute the validit or honesty of a statement or


motive

verb

impuissance

lacking strength, feeble, weak

noun

impulsion

the act of impelling, driving onward, or pushing

noun

impunity

exemption from punishment

noun

impure

not pure, mixed with extraneous matter,


contaminated

adjective

impute

to reckon as pertaining or attributable, to attribute verb

in medias res
inaccessible

in the midst of things, to begin in the middle of the


adjective
action
not able to be accessed, out of reach,
adjective
inconvenient

inaccurate

mistaken or incorrect, not accurate

adjective

inactive

not active, temporarily or permanently

adjective

inadequate

not adequate, unequal to the purpose, insufficient adjective

inadmissible

not admissible, cannot be admitted as evidence at


adjective
a trial

inadvertent

unintentional

inadvisable
inalienable
inane
inanimate

adjective

unwise, not recommended, not prudent, not to be


adjective
advised
incapable of being alienated, surrendered, or
adjective
transferred
lacking sense/meaning, to the point of boredom or
adjective
annoyance
lacking the quality or ability of motion

adjective

inapprehensib
that cannot be apprehended, not apprehensible
le

adjective

inapt

not apt, unsuitable, inept

adjective

inarticulate

lacking the ability to express oneself, esp. through


adjective
speech

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inaudible

not able to be heard or not loud enough to be


heard

adjective

inaugurate

to induct into office with a formal ceremony

verb

inauspicious

not auspicious, ill-omened, unfortunate, unlucky

adjective

inborn

naturally present at birth, innate

adjective

inbred

resulting from or involved in inbreeding

adjective

incandescenc
intensely bright, brilliant
e
the uttering of words purporting to have magical
incantation
power

noun
noun

incapacitate

to make incapable (of doing something)

verb

incapacity

the lack of a capacity, an inability

noun

incarcerate

to imprison, confine

verb

incarnate

embodied in flesh, given a bodily, especially a hu


man, form

adjective

incendiary

capable of causing fire

adjective

incense

to anger or infuriate

verb

incentive

something that motivates, rouses, or encourages

noun

inception

the creation or beginning of something, the


establishment

noun

inceptive

beginning, of or relating to inception

adjective

incessant

continuing without interruption, ceaseless, unendi


adjective
ng

inchmeal

by inch, little by little

adverb

inchoate

not yet completed or fully developed

adjective

inchoative

at the beginning, still in an unformed state

adjective

incidence

the rate or range of occurrence of something

noun

incident

arising as the result of an event, inherent

adjective

incidental

loosely associated, existing as a by-product,


tangent

adjective

incinerate

to destroy by burning

verb

incipient

a beginning, or first stage

adjective

incisal

relating to the cutting edge of the incisor and cusp


adjective
ed teeth

incise

to cut into, cut marks, figures, etc

verb

incisive

penetrating, cutting, biting, trenchant

adjective

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incisor

one of the front teeth of mammals, between the


canines

noun

incite

to rouse, stir up or excite

verb

incitement

a call to act, encouragement to act

noun

inclement

stormy, of rough weather

adjective

inclination

a disposition or bent, especially of the mind or will noun

inclusive

the stated limit or extreme in consideration

incoercible

not to be coerced, incapable of being compelled or


adjective
forced

incoherent

not coherent, not in a consistent fashion

not capable of catching fire and burning, not


flammable
so much better than another as to be beyond
incomparable
comparison
incombustible

adjective

adjective
adjective
adjective

incompatible

of two things, impossible to coexist, irreconcilable adjective

incompetent

unskilled, lacking normally expected degree of


ability

incomplete

not complete, not finished, not having all its parts adjective

incomprehens
impossible or very difficult to understand
ible
incompressibl
not compressible
e
inconceivable unable to be conceived, unbelievable
incongruous

adjective

adjective
adjective
adjective

out of keeping or place, inappropriate, unbecomin


adjective
g

inconsequenti
having no consequence, of little importance
adjective
al
inconsiderabl
too trivial or unimportant to be worthy of attention adjective
e
inconsistent

not consistent

adjective

inconspicuous not prominent or easily noticeable

adjective

inconstant

adjective

not constant, wavering

incontrovertib
not open to question or dispute, indisputable
le

adjective

inconvenient

not convenient

adjective

incorrigible

not corrigible, bad beyond correction or reform

adjective

incredulity

unwillingness or inability to believe, doubt,


disbelief

noun

incredulous

skeptical, disbelieving, or unable to believe

adjective

increment

to increase by steps or by a step, especially by


one

verb

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incubus
inculcate

an evil spirit supposed to oppress people while


asleep
to implant by repeated statement, teach
persistently

noun
verb

incumbent

holding an indicated position, role, office, etc

adjective

incursion

a hostile entrance into or invasion of a place, a


raid

noun

indefatigable extremely persistent and untiring

adjective

indefensible

not defensible, not capable of being defended,


vulnerable

adjective

indefinite

not definite, without fixed or specified limit

adjective

indelible
indemnify
indemnity

making marks that cannot be erased, removed, or


adjective
the like
to compensate for damage or loss sustained,
verb
expense, etc
obligation upon an individual to incur the losses of
noun
another

indescribable impossible, or very difficult to describe

adjective

indestructible

not destructible, incapable of being destroyed,


invincible

adjective

indicant

something that indicates, indicator

noun

indicator

a person or thing that indicates something

noun

indict

to accuse of wrongdoing, charge

verb

indictment

a formal accusation initiating a criminal case

noun

indifferent

not caring, apathetic

adjective

indigence

extreme poverty or destitution

noun

indigenous

born or engendered in, native to a land or region

adjective

indigent

lacking food, clothing, etc because of poverty

adjective

indigestible

difficult or impossible to digest

adjective

indigestion
indignant

a common medical condition often caused by


eating quickly
showing anger or indignation, esp. at something
unjust

noun
adjective

indignity

an injury to a person's dignity

noun

indiscernible

not discernible, that cannot be seen or perceived c


adjective
learly

indiscreet

not discreet, lacking prudence or circumspection

adjective

indiscriminate not discriminating, lacking in care, judgment, etc

adjective

indispensable absolutely necessary, essential, or requisite

adjective

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indistinct

not clearly defined or not having a sharp outline,


faint

adjective

indivertible

not to be diverted or turned aside

adjective

indolence

habitual laziness or sloth

noun

indomitable

that cannot be subdued or overcome, as persons o


adjective
r courage

indubitable

clearly true, providing no possibility of doubt

adjective

induce

to lead by persuasion or influence, incite

verb

induct

to formally or ceremoniously install in an office,


position

verb

inductee

a person who is inducted into an organization

noun

indulge

(often followed by "in"): to yield to a temptation or


verb
desire

industrious

working energetically and devotedly, hard-working adjective

inebriate

to cause to be drunk

verb

inebriation

the state or characteristic of drunkenness

noun

inedible

unfit to be eaten

adjective

ineffable

incapable of being expressed or described in word


adjective
s

inefficacious

not able to produce the desired effect, ineffective adjective

inefficient

unable to achieve the desired result economically adjective

ineligible

not eligible, not permitted or suitable

adjective

ineluctable

incapable of being evaded, inescapable

adjective

inept

not able to do something, not proficient

adjective

inert

unable to move or act, inanimate

adjective

inertia
inestimable

the property of a body that resists any change to


noun
its motion
not able to be estimated as because of great scale
adjective
or degree

inevitable

impossible to avoid or prevent

adjective

inexcusable

not excusable

adjective

inexhaustible impossible to exhaust, unlimited

adjective

inexorable

unyielding, unalterable

adjective

inexpedient

not tending to the end desired, inadvisable, unfit,


adjective
improper

inexpensive

low in price

adjective

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inexperience

a lack of experience

noun

inexplicable

impossible to explain, not easily accounted for

adjective

inexpressible unable to be expressed

adjective

inextensible

not capable of being extended

adjective

inextricable

impossible to untie or disentangle

adjective

infallible

unfailing in effectiveness or operation, certain

adjective

infamous

having a bad reputation, of bad report, notoriously


adjective
vile

infamy

extremely bad reputation, public reproach

infer
inference

noun

to derive by reasoning, conclude from premises or


verb
evidence
the act or process of inferring by deduction or
noun
induction

infernal

hellish, fiendish, diabolical

adjective

infest

to live in or overrun to an unwanted degree

verb

infidel

a non-believer of a certain religion

noun

infiltrate

to surreptitiously penetrate, enter or gain access

verb

infinite

indefinably large, countlessly great, immense

adjective

infinitesimal

incalculably, exceedingly, or immeasurably minute adjective

infirm

to contradict, to provide proof that something is


not

verb

infirmary

a place where sick or injured people are cared for

noun

infirmity

feebleness, frailty or ailment, especially due to old


noun
age

inflammable

capable of burning, easily set on fire

inflammatory tending to inflame or provoke somebody


inflexible
influence

adjective
adjective

not flexible, not capable of bending or being bent,


adjective
stiff
the capacity to be a compelling force on actions,
behavior

influx

a flow inward or into something

noun

infraction

a minor offence, petty crime

noun

infrastructure

the basic, underlying framework of a system of


organization

noun

infrequent

rarely happening or present, only occasional

adjective

infringe

break or violate a treaty, a law, a right etc

verb

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infuse

to cause to become an element of something,


insert or fill

verb

infusion

that which is infused

noun

ingenious

displaying genius or brilliance, tending to invent

adjective

ingenue

an innocent, nave, wholesome girl or young


woman

noun

ingnue

alternative spelling of ingnue

noun

ingenuous

naive and trusting

adjective

inglorious

ignominious, disgraceful, not famous, obscure

adjective

ingraft

to insert, as of one plant into another, for


propagation

verb

ingrate

ungrateful

adjective

ingratiate

to establish (oneself) in the favor or good graces


of others

verb

ingratitude

a lack or absence of gratitude, thanklessness

noun

inherent

naturally a part or consequence of something

adjective

inhibit

to hinder, to restrain

verb

inhospitable

not inclined to hospitality, unfriendly

adjective

inhuman

of or pertaining to inhumanity and the indifferently


adjective
cruel

inhume

to bury in a grave

inimical

adverse in tendency or effect, unfavorable, harmfu


adjective
l

inimitable

beyond imitation, surpassing all others, matchless adjective

iniquitous

characterized by injustice or wickedness

adjective

iniquity

deviation from what is right, wickedness, gross


injustice

noun

initiate

to begin, to start, to introduce

verb

inject

to pump (especially fluids) into a cavity or passage verb

injunction

the act of enjoining, the act of directing,


commanding

noun

inkling

a slight suspicion or hint

noun

inland

within the land, remote from the ocean

adjective

inlet

an indentation of a shoreline, small bay or arm

noun

inmost

the very deepest within, innermost

adjective

innate

existing in one from birth, inborn, native

adjective

verb

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innocuous

not harmful or injurious, harmless

adjective

innovate

to alter, to change into something new

verb

innuendo

a derogatory hint or reference to a person or thing noun

innumerable
inoculate

not capable of being counted, indefinitely


numerous
to introduce an antigenic substance or vaccine
into the body

adjective
verb

inoffensive

not offensive

adjective

inopportune

unsuitable for some particular purpose

adjective

inordinate

excessive, unreasonable or inappropriate in


magnitude

adjective

inquire

to ask (about something)

verb

inquisition
inroad

an investigation or inquiry into the truth of some


matter
an advance into enemy territory, an attempted
invasion

noun
noun

insatiable

a damaging or serious encroachment

noun

inscribe

to write or cut words onto something, to engrave

verb

inscrutable

difficult or impossible to comprehend, fathom, or


interpret

adjective

insecure

not secure

adjective

insensible

unable to be perceived by the senses

adjective

insentient
inseparable
insidious
insight
insinuate
insipid

having no consciousness or animation, not


sentient
not able to be separated, bound together
permanently
intended to entrap or beguile
a sight or view of the interior of anything,
introspection
to make a way for or introduce something by
subtle means
without distinctive, interesting, or stimulating
qualities

adjective
adjective
adjective
noun
verb
adjective

insistent

standing or resting on something

adjective

insolence

arrogant conduct, insulting, bold behaviour or


attitude

noun

insolent

insulting in manner or words

adjective

insomnia
insouciant
inspector

a sleeping disorder that is known for inability to


sleep
free from concern, worry, or anxiety, carefree,
nonchalant
a person employed to inspect something

noun
adjective
noun

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instance
instant
instigate
instigator
instill

to mention as a case or example, to refer to, to


cite
an infinitesimal or very short space of time, a
moment
to goad or urge forward, to set on, to provoke, to
incite
a person who intentionally incites or starts
something
to cause a quality to become part of someone's
nature

verb
adjective
verb
noun
verb

institute

to begin or initiate something

verb

instructive

conveying knowledge, information or instruction

adjective

insufficient

not sufficient

adjective

insular
insulate
insult
insuperable

of, pertaining to, being, or resembling an island or


islands
cover or line with material to prevent passage of
heat, etc
to treat or speak to insolently, with contemptuous
rudeness
impossible to achieve or overcome or be
negotiated

adjective
verb
verb
adjective

insuppressibl
that cannot be suppressed
e

adjective

insurgence

noun

insurrection
intangible
integral
integrity
intellect
intelligible

an uprising or rebellion, an insurrection


an organized opposition to an authority, a
rebellion
incapable of being perceived by the senses,
incorporeal
constituting a whole together, not omittable or
removable
adherence to moral and ethical principles

noun
adjective
adjective
noun

the faculty of thinking, judging, abstract


noun
reasoning, etc
capable of being understood, comprehensible, cle
adjective
ar

intemperance lack of moderation or temperance, excess

noun

intension

intensification, increase in degree

noun

intention

a course of action that a person intends to follow

noun

inter

to bury in a grave

verb

interact

to act one upon another

verb

intercede

to plea on someone else's behalf

verb

intercept

to stop, deflect or divert (something in progress or


verb
motion)

intercession

an act or instance of interceding

noun

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intercessor

a person who intercedes, a mediator

interdict

any prohibitory decree of a court or administrative


noun
officer

interim

an intervening time, transitional, meantime

adjective

interject

to insert something between other things

verb

interlocutor
interloper

a person who takes part in dialogue or


conversation
a person who interferes or meddles in the affairs
of others

noun

noun
noun

interlude

an intervening episode, space, period, etc

verb

intermediate

to mediate, to be an intermediate

verb

interminable
intermission
intermit
internecine
interpolate
interpose
interpreter
interrogate

existing or occurring without interruption or end,


ceaseless
a break between two performances or sessions
(concert, etc)
to interrupt, to stop or cease temporarily, to
suspend
of or pertaining to conflict or struggle within a gro
up
to introduce (something additional) between other
things
to insert something (or oneself) between other
things
one who translates the words of a speaker to the
audience
to question or quiz, especially in a thorough
manner

adjective
noun
verb
adjective
verb
verb
noun
verb

intersect

to cross, to cut

verb

intersperse

to mix irregularly something with something else

verb

interstice

a small opening or space between objects

noun

intervale

a lowly tract of land along a river

noun

intervene

to come between, or to be between, persons or


things

verb

intestacy

the state of dying without having made a valid will noun

intestate

to be without a valid will

adjective

intestine

the lower part of the alimentary canal

noun

intimacy

the state of being intimate

noun

intimation

the act of intimating, also, the thing intimated

noun

intimidate
intolerable

to make timid or fearful, to inspire or affect with


fear
not capable of being borne or endured,
insufferable

verb
adjective

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intoxicant

an intoxicating agent, as alcohol or drugs

intoxicate

to stupefy by doping with chemical substances like


verb
alcohol

intracellular

inside or within a cell

adjective

intractable

not easily controlled, not docile or manageable,


stubborn

adjective

intramural

pertaining to something within one institution

adjective

intransigent

unwilling to compromise or moderate a position,


stubborn

adjective

intrepid

resolutely fearless, dauntless

adjective

intricacy

the state or quality of being intricate or entangled noun

intricate

to become enmeshed or entangled

verb

intrigue

to conceive or carry out a secret plan intended to


harm

verb

intrinsic

innate, inherent, inseparable from itself, essential adjective

introductory

introducing, giving a preview or idea of

adjective

introgression

genes of one species introduced in the gene pool


of another

noun

intromit

to send, put or let in, to introduce, to admit

verb

introspect

consider one's own internal state or feelings

verb

introvert

one who focuses on their own mind, feelings, or


affairs

noun

intrude

to enter without permission

verb

intuition
intuitive

adjective

immediate cognition without the use of rational


noun
processes
doesn't require conscious thought, understood by
adjective
intuition

inundate

to cover with large amounts of water, to flood

verb

inundation

an overflow, a flood

noun

inure

to come into use, take or have effect

verb

inured

to accustom to hardship, difficulty, pain, etc

verb

invalid

an infirm or sickly person

noun

invalidate

to make invalid, especially applied to contract law verb

invaluable

of great value, costly, precious, priceless

adjective

invariable

not variable, constant

adjective

invasion

a military action of armed forces entering another


noun
territory

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invective
inveigh
inveigle

vehement or violent denunciation, censure, or repr


noun
oach
to protest strongly or attack vehemently with
verb
words
to convert, convince or win over with flattery or
verb
wiles

inventive

of, or relating to invention

adjective

inverse

reversed position, direction, or tendency

adjective

inversion

the action of inverting

noun

invert

to turn (something) upside down or inside out

verb

investigator

one who investigates

noun

investor

a person who invests money in order to make a


profit

noun

inveterate

settled or confirmed in a habit, practice, or feeling adjective

invidious

calculated to create ill will or resentment or give


offense

adjective

invigorate

to impart vigor, strength, or vitality to

verb

invincible

impossible to defeat, destroy or kill

adjective

inviolable
invocation

not susceptible of violence or of being


profaned/corrupted
the act of calling for the presence of some
superior being

adjective
noun

invoke

to call upon (a person, especially a god) for help

verb

involuntary

without intention, unintentional

adjective

involution

entanglement, a spiralling inwards, intricacy

noun

involve

to roll or fold up, to wind round, to entwine

verb

invulnerable

incapable of being wounded, or of receiving injury adjective

inwardly
iota

in or on, or with reference to, the inside or inner


part
the ninth, and smallest, letter of the greek
alphabet

adjective
noun

irascible

easily provoked to anger, very irritable

adjective

irate

extremely angry, wrathful, enraged

adjective

ire

to anger, to fret, to irritate

verb

iridescent

producing a display of lustrous, rainbow-like colors adjective

irk

to irritate, annoy, bother

verb

irksome

disagreeable or troublesome, bothersome,


annoying

adjective

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irony

use of words to convey meaning opposite the


literal meaning

noun

irradiance

incident flux of radiant energy per unit area

noun

irradiate

to throw rays of light upon, to illuminate, to


brighten

verb

irrational

not rational, unfounded or nonsensical

adjective

irreducible

not able to be reduced or lessened

adjective

irrefragable

which cannot be refuted, indisputable, clearly right adjective

irrefragable

not able to be refuted or disproved

adjective

irrefrangible

not to broken or transgressed, inviolable

adjective

irrefutable

undeniable, unable to be disproved or refuted

adjective

irrelevant

not related, not applicable, unimportant, not


connected

adjective

irreligious

contrary to religious beliefs and practices

adjective

irreparable

incapable of being repaired, amended, cured or


rectified

adjective

irrepressible

not containable or controllable

adjective

irreproachabl
free from blame, not open to reproach or criticism adjective
e
irresistible

not able to be resisted

adjective

irresolute

undecided or unsure how to act

adjective

irresponsible lacking a sense of responsibility

adjective

irreverent

lacking proper respect or seriousness, sarcastic

adjective

irreversible

incapable of being reversed or turned about or


back

adjective

irrevocable

unable to be retracted or reversed, final

adjective

irrhetorical

not rhetorical

adjective

irrigate

to supply farmland with water

verb

irritazble

capable of being irritated

adjective

irritancy

the quality of being irritant or irritating

noun

irritate

to provoke impatience, anger, or displeasure

verb

irruption

the action of irrupting or breaking into, a violent


entry

noun

isle

an island

noun

islet

a small island

noun

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isobar

atoms having equal weight but different atomis


numbers

noun

isochronous

happening at regular intervals

adjective

isolate

to set apart or cut off from others

verb

isothermal

of a process that takes place at constant


temperature

adjective

itinerary

a route or proposed route of a journey

noun

itinerate

to travel from place to place

verb

jaded

dulled or satiated by overindulgence

verb

jargon

a technical terminology unique to a particular


subject

noun

jaundice

to color by prejudice or envy, to prejudice

verb

jaunt

to ramble here and there, to stroll, to make an


excursion

verb

jeer

to utter sarcastic or mocking comments

verb

jejune

without interest or significance, dull

adjective

jeopardy

danger of loss, harm, or failure

noun

jeremiad

a prolonged lamentation or mournful complaint

noun

jettison

to cast (goods) overboard in order to lighten a


vessel

verb

jingo

one who supports policy favouring war

noun

jingoist
jocose

the policy or practice of jingoes, bellicose


chauvinism
given to or characterized by joking, jesting,
humorous

adjective
adjective

jocular

characterized by, or intended for joking or jesting adjective

jocund

cheerful, merry, gay, blithe, glad

adjective

joggle

to shake slightly, to jostle, to jog

verb

jollity

the state of being jolly, cheerfulness

noun

journalize

to record in a journal

verb

joust

to engage in mock combat on horseback

verb

jovial
jubilant

endowed with or characterized by a hearty or


adjective
joyous humor
showing great joy, satisfaction, or triumph, rejoicin
adjective
g

judgment

the act of judging

noun

judicature

the administration of justice by judges and courts noun

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judicial
judicious
juggernaut
juggle

of or relating to a court of law


having, or characterized by, good judgment or
sound thinking
any large, overpowering, destructive force or
object
to manipulate objects, such as balls, clubs, etc
artfully

adjective
adjective
noun
verb

jugglery

the art of a juggler (i e trickery or deception)

noun

jugular

relating to, or located near, the neck or throat

adjective

junction

the act of joining, or the state of being joined

noun

juncture

a place where things join, a junction

noun

juridical

pertaining to the law or rule of law, legal, judicial

adjective

jurisdiction

the power, right, or authority to interpret and


apply law

noun

jurisprudence the science or philosophy of law

noun

juror

a member of a jury

noun

justification

reason or excuse which gives acceptable support


for behavior

noun

jut

to stick out

verb

juvenile

young, not fully developed

adjective

juxtapose

to place close together or side by side, esp. for


comparison

verb

juxtaposition to place in juxtaposition

verb

keen

to sharpen, to make cold

verb

keepsake

something kept for sentimental or nostalgic


reasons

noun

kerchief

a piece of cloth used to cover the head

noun

kernel

the body of a seed inside the husk

noun

killjoy
kiln

a person who is anti-fun, or prevents others from


having fun
a furnace or oven for burning, baking, or drying
something

noun
noun

kindle

to start (a fire) or light (a torch)

verb

kindred

of the same nature

adjective

kinetic

pertaining to motion

adjective

kinfolk

relatives or kindred

noun

kingling

a kinglet, a petty king or ruler

noun

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kismet

fate, destiny

noun

kleptomaniac one who steals compulsively

noun

knave

a tricky, deceitful fellow, a dishonest person, a


rogue

noun

knavery

the (mis)behaviour of a knave, boyish mischief

noun

knead
knell
knickknack

to work into a mass by repeated pressure with the


verb
knuckles
sound made by a bell rung slowly, especially for
noun
funerals
an ornamental trinket or gimcrack, a bit of bric-anoun
brac

knoll

a small, rounded hill or eminence, hillock

noun

knotty

full of knots

adjective

kudos

praise, accolades

noun

laborious

requiring much physical effort, toilsome

adjective

labyrinth

to enclose in a labyrinth, or as though in a


labyrinth

verb

labyrinthine

physically resembling a labyrinth, maze-like

adjective

lacerate

to tear, rip or wound

verb

laceration

an irregular open wound caused by a blunt impact noun

lachrymose

suggestive of or tending to cause tears, mournful adjective

lackadaisical

showing no interest or enthusiasm

adjective

lackey

to attend, wait upon, serve obsequiously

verb

lackluster

lacking brilliance or radiance, dull

adjective

laconic

using few words, concise

adjective

lactation

the secretion of milk from the mammary gland of


a female

noun

lacteal

relating to milk

adjective

lactic

of, relating to, or derived from milk

adjective

laddie

a small boy

noun

ladle

to serve something with a ladle

verb

laggard

hanging back, loitering

adjective

lagniappe

an extra or unexpected gift or benefit

noun

lambaste

to beat or whip severely

verb

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lament

to feel or express sorrow or regret for

verb

lamentation

the act of lamenting

noun

lampoon

to satirize or poke fun at

verb

lance

to pierce with a lance, or with any similar weapon verb

landholder

a person who owns land

noun

landlord

person who owns and rents land such as a house


or apartment

noun

landscape

to do various grounds maintenance

verb

languid

lacking in vigor or vitality, slack or slow

adjective

languor

a state of the body or mind caused by exhaustion


noun
or disease

lapse

to fall away gradually, to subside

verb

larceny

the unlawful taking of personal property, theft

noun

larder

a cool room in a domestic house where food is


stored

noun

largess

generous bestowal of gifts

noun

largesse

alternative spelling of largess

noun

lascivious

inclined to lustfulness, wanton, lewd

adjective

lassie
lassitude
latency
latent
lateral

a young girl, a lass, especially one seen as a


sweetheart
weariness of body or mind from strain, oppressive
climate
a delay between the initiation and occurence of
something
present but not visible, apparent, or actualized,
potential
of or pertaining to, situated at, or
directed to a side

noun
noun
noun
adjective
adjective

latish

somewhat or rather late

adjective

lattice

a flat panel constructed with crossed thin strips of


noun
wood

laud

to praise, to glorify

verb

laudable

deserving praise, praiseworthy

adjective

laudation

the act of lauding, praise, high commendation

noun

laudatory

containing or expressing praise

adjective

laundress

a woman whose work is the washing and ironing of


noun
clothes

laureate

to honor with a wreath of laurel

verb

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lave

to pour or throw out, as water, lade out, bail

verb

lavish

to expend or bestow with profusion, to squander

verb

lawgiver

one who provides the laws to a society

noun

lawmaker

one who makes or enacts laws

noun

lax

lenient and allowing for deviation, not strict

adjective

laxative

having the effect of moving the bowels, or aiding


digestion

adjective

laxity

the state or quality of being lax

noun

lea

an open field, meadow

noun

leaflet

a small flat or folded sheet of printed paper,


advertisement

noun

leaven

to add a leavening agent

verb

lectern

a stand with a slanted top used to support a bible noun

leery

cautious, hesitant, or nervous about something

leeward
legacy

away from the direction from which the wind is


blowing
anything handed down from the past, as from a
predecessor

adjective
adjective
adjective

legalize

alternative spelling of legalise

verb

legerdemain

sleight of hand

noun

legging

present participle of leg

verb

legible

being clear enough to be read, readable

adjective

legion

a division of the roman army of 3000 to 6000


soldiers

noun

legionary

relating to, or consisting of a legion or legions

adjective

legislate

to pass laws, incl. the amending or repeal of


existing laws

verb

legislator

someone who creates or enacts laws

noun

legitimate

to make legitimate, lawful, or valid

verb

leisure

freedom provided by the cessation of activities

noun

lenient

lax, tolerant of deviation, permissive, not strict

adjective

leonine

of, pertaining to, or characteristic of the lion

adjective

lethargy

the quality or state of being drowsy and dull,


listless

noun

levee

an embankment to prevent inundation

noun

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lever

to move with a lever

verb

leverage

to use, to exploit, to take full advantage (of


something)

verb

leviathan

very large, gargantuan

adjective

levitate

to cause to rise in the air and float

verb

levity

lightness of manner or speech, frivolity

noun

levy

to impose a tax or fine, to collect monies due

verb

lewd

lascivious, sexually promiscuous, rude

adjective

lexicographer one who writes or compiles a dictionary

noun

lexicography

the art or craft of writing and editing dictionaries

noun

lexicon

a wordbook or dictionary

noun

liability

moneys owed, debts or pecuniary obligations

noun

liable

bound or obliged in law or equity, responsible,


answerable

adjective

liaison

communication between two parties or groups

noun

libation

pouring a liquid on the ground or on a victim in


sacrifice

noun

libel

to defame someone

verb

liberate

to free, to release from restraint or bondage

verb

libertarian

relating to the beliefs of libertarians

adjective

libretto

the text of a dramatic musical work, such as an


opera

noun

licentious

sexually unrestrained, lascivious, libertine, lewd

adjective

licit

not forbidden by formal or informal rules

adjective

liege

sovereign, independent, having right to allegiance adjective

lien

alternative form of lain

verb

lieu

see in lieu or in lieu of

noun

ligament

band of strong tissue that holds bones in position

noun

ligature

The act of binding or tying up

verb

ligneous

of, or resembling wood, woody

adjective

likelihood

the state of being likely or probable

noun

lilliputian

extremely small, tiny

adjective

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limber

bending readily, pliant, lithe

verb

limerick

a kind of humorous verse of five lines

noun

limitation

the act of limiting or the state of being limited

noun

limpid
linchpin

clear, transparent, or pellucid, as water, crystal, or


adjective
air
a pin through holes at the end of an axle to secure
noun
a wheel

lineage

descent in a line from a common progenitor, race noun

linear

having the form of a line, straight

adjective

liner

someone who fits a lining to something

noun

lingo

language, jargon or a dialect

noun

lingua

language

noun

lingual

related to the tongue

adjective

liniment

a liquid or semi liquid preparation for applying to


the skin

noun

lionize

to treat (a person) as a celebrity

verb

liquefacient

something that liquefies or promotes liquefaction

noun

liquefy
liqueur

to make into a liquid by condensing a gas or


melting a solid
a flavored alcoholic beverage that is usually very
sweet

verb
noun

liquidate

to settle a debt by paying the outstanding amount verb

liquor

to drink liquor, usually to excess

verb

lissome

lithe, quick and graceful in movement

adjective

listless

having or showing little or no interest in anything,


adjective
languid

litany

a prolonged or tedious account

noun

literacy

the ability to read

noun

literal
literati

exactly as stated, understood without extra


interpretation
persons of scholarly or literary attainments,
intellectuals

adjective
noun

literature

the body of all written works

noun

lithe

bending readily, pliant, limber

adjective

lithesome

describing as being lithe

adjective

lithograph

to create a copy of an image through lithography

verb

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lithotype

a printing plate used in lithotypography

noun

litigant

a person engaged in a lawsuit

noun

litigate

to go to law

verb

litigious

of or relating to litigation

adjective

littoral

of or relating to the shore, especially the seashore adjective

liturgy

a form of public worship, ritual

noun

livelihood

a person's lifetime, or their manner of living

noun

livid

enraged, furiously angry

adjective

loam

a rich, friable soil

noun

loath

unwilling, reluctant, averse, disinclined

adjective

loathe

to hate, detest, revile

verb

lobbyist

a person remunerated to persuade (to lobby)


politicians

noun

locative

indicating place, or the place where, or wherein

adjective

loch

a lake

noun

locomotion

the ability to move or the act of moving from place


noun
to place

lode

a rich supply or source

noun

lodgment

an area used for lodging

noun

lofty

high, tall, having great height or stature

adjective

logic

the principles governing


correct or reliable inference

noun

logical

in agreement with the principles of logic

adjective

logician

a person who studies or teaches logic

noun

logistics

the planning, implementation, and coordination of


noun
details

loiterer

one who loiters, one who lingers or hangs around

noun

loll

to act lazily or indolently, to recline, to lean

verb

longevity

the quality of being long-lasting, especially of life

noun

loot

to steal, especially as part of war, riot

verb

loquacious

talking or tending to talk much or freely, talkative adjective

loquacity

talkativeness

noun

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lordling

an unimportant or petty lord

noun

lough

a lake or long, narrow inlet, especially in ireland

noun

louse

to remove lice from the body of a person or animal verb

lucid

easily understood, completely intelligible or compr


adjective
ehensible

lucrative

producing a surplus, profitable

lucubration
ludicrous
lugubrious

laborious work, study, thought, etc , especially at


night
idiotic or unthinkable, often to the point of being
funny
mournful, dismal or gloomy, especially in an
affected manner

adjective
noun
adjective
adjective

lukewarm

temperature between warm and cool

adjective

lumen

the amount of light that falls on a unit area

noun

luminary

one that is an inspiration to others, who has had


success

noun

luminous

emitting light, glowing brightly

adjective

lummox

a clumsy, stupid person

noun

lunacy

the state of being mad, insanity

noun

lunar

of, or pertaining to, the moon

adjective

lunatic

an insane person

noun

lune

anything shaped like a crescent or a half moon

noun

lurid

shocking, horrifying

adjective

luscious

sweet and pleasant, delicious

adjective

lustrous

having a glow, having luster, shining

adjective

luxuriate

to enjoy luxury

verb

luxurious

enjoying pleasures of luxury

adjective

lying
lynch

characterized by luxury, ministering or conducive t


adjective
o luxury
to execute without a proper trial, especially by
verb
hanging

lyre

a stringed musical instrument

noun

macabre

representing or personifying death

adjective

macadamize
macerate

to cover with small, broken stones to form a


smooth surface
to soften or separate (something) into pieces by
soaking

verb
verb

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machination

a clever scheme or artful plot, usually crafted for


evil

noun

machinations plural form of machination

noun

machinery

the parts of a machine, collectively

noun

machinist

one versed in the principles of machines

noun

macrocosm

a complex structure, considered a single entity

noun

madden

to make angry

verb

madrigal

a song for a small number of unaccompanied


voices

noun

maelstrom

a large, powerful, or violent whirlpool

magician

an entertainer skilled in creating illusions

noun

magisterial

befitting the status of a master, authoritative

adjective

magistracy

the office or dignity of a magistrate

noun

magnanimous generous in forgiving an insult or injury

adjective

magnate

a person of great influence in a particular field

noun

magnet

a thing or person that attracts

noun

magnetize

to make magnetic

verb

magnificence grandeur, brilliance, lavishness or splendor

noun

magniloquent

speaking pompously, using swelling discourse,


bombastic

adjective

magnitude

size, extent, dimensions

noun

maharaja

a ruling prince in india, especially one of major


states

noun

maidenhood

the time when one is a maiden or young girl

noun

maize

corn, a type of grain of the species zea mays

noun

maladroit

unskillful, awkward, bungling

adjective

malady

any ailment or disease of the human body

noun

malaise
malapropism
malaria

a feeling of general bodily discomfort or


unpleasantness
the use of an inappropriate word in place of a
similar one
disease characterized by chills, fever, and
sweating

noun
noun
noun

malcontent

dissatisfied with current conditions, discontented

adjective

malediction

a curse, imprecation, slander

noun

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malefactor

a criminal or felon

noun

maleficent

harmful or evil in intent or effect

adjective

malevolent

having or displaying ill will, wishing harm on


others

adjective

malfeasance
malicious
malign
malignant
malinger

an act by a public official that is contrary to law


of, pertaining to, or as a result of malice or spite

noun
adjective

to make defamatory statements about someone or


verb
something
disposed to cause harm, suffering, or distress delib
adjective
erately
to pretend illness, especially in order to shirk one's
verb
duty

malingerer

a person who malingers

noun

malleable

capable of being extended or shaped by


hammering or pressure

adjective

mallet

a hammerlike tool with a head commonly of wood noun

maltreat

to treat badly

mandate

authorization to act in a particular way on a public


noun
issue

mane

the long hair growing on the neck of some animals noun

maneuver

to move (something) carefully, and often with


difficulty

verb

mania

violent derangement of mind, madness, insanity

noun

manifest

to show plainly, to make to appear distinctly

verb

manifold

to make manifold, multiply

verb

manipulatable capable of being manipulated

verb

adjective

mannerism

a group of habitual behaviors peculiar to an


individual

noun

manor

a landed estate

noun

mantel

the shelf above a fireplace

noun

mantle

to cover or conceal (something)

verb

a company that owns or runs a manufacturing


plant
release from slavery, freedom, the act of
manumission
manumitting
manufacturer

noun
noun

manumit

to release from slavery, to free

verb

mar

to damage or spoil, render less perfect, attractive verb

maraud

to roam or go around in quest of plunder

verb

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marauder

someone who moves about looking for plunder

noun

marginal

of, relating to, or located at a margin or an edge

adjective

marine

pertaining to the sea (marine biology, marine


insurance)

adjective

maritime

related to the sea or sailing

adjective

maroon

to abandon in a remote, desolate place

verb

marquee

a large tent with open sides, used for outdoor


entertainment

noun

marred

impaired appearance

verb

marshal
marsupial

to arrange troops etc in line for inspection or a


parade
mammal of the order of marsupialia, i.e.
kangaroos, wombats

verb
noun

martial

of, relating to, or suggestive of war, warlike

adjective

martian

of or pertaining to the planet mars

adjective

martinet

a strict disciplinarian, especially a military one

noun

martyrdom

the suffering of death on account of adherence to


noun
a cause

marvel

to become filled with wonderment or admiration

verb

masochist

someone who enjoys pain

noun

masonry

the art or occupation of a mason, stonework

noun

masquerade

to assemble in masks, to take part in a


masquerade

verb

massacre

to kill unnecessarily and indiscriminately

verb

massive

of or pertaining to a large mass, weighty, heavy,


or bulky

adjective

mastery

the position or authority of a master, command

noun

masticate

to chew

verb

material

having to do with matter

adjective

maternal

having the characteristics of a mother, motherly

adjective

matinee

the afternoon showing of a movie or theatrical


performance

noun

matriarch

a female leader of a family, a tribe or group

noun

matricide

the killing of one's mother

noun

matriculate

to enroll in a college or university as a degree


candidate

verb

matrimony

marriage or the state of being married

noun

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matrix

a thing constituting the point from which another


originates

noun

matter

to be important

verb

maudlin

tearfully or weakly emotional, foolishly


sentimental

maul

a heavy hammer, as for driving stakes or wedges

noun

mausoleum

a large stately tomb

noun

maverick

a person of independent or unorthodox views

noun

mawkish

characterized by sickly sentimentality, maudlin

adjective

maxim

an expression of a general truth or principle

noun

mead

an alcoholic drink fermented from honey and


water

noun

meager

deficient in quantity or quality, lacking fullness

adjective

meander
mechanics

to wind, turn, or twist, to make flexuous, to


wander
branch of mathematics dealing with motion and
forces

verb
noun

medallion

a large medal, usually decorative

noun

meddlesome

having a tendency to interfere in other people's


business

adjective

medial

of or pertaining to a mean or average

adjective

mediate

to resolve differences between conflicting parties

verb

medicine

a substance which promotes healing when


consumed in some way

noun

medieval

in the style of the middle ages

adjective

mediocre

ordinary, not extraordinary, not special

adjective

a devotional exercise of, or leading to


contemplation
a mixture, especially of heterogeneous elements,
medley
hodgepodge
humbly patient or docile, as under provocation
meek
from others
a symptom of mental illness marked by delusions
megalomania
of greatness
meditation

melancholy
melange
melee
meliorate
mellifluous

affected with great sadness or depression


a collection containing a variety of miscellaneous
things
a confused hand-to-hand fight among several
people
to make better, to improve, to heal or solve a
problem
sweetly or smoothly flowing, sweet-sounding

noun
noun
adjective
noun
adjective
noun
noun
verb
adjective

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mellow

soft, sweet, and full-flavored from ripeness, as fruit adjective

melodious

having a pleasant melody or sound, tuneful

memento
memorable
menace

adjective

a keepsake, an object kept as a reminder of a


noun
place or event
worthy to be remembered, very important or
adjective
remarkable
something that threatens to cause evil or harm, a
noun
threat

menagerie

a collection of live wild animals on exhibition

noun

mendacious

lying, untruthful or dishonest

adjective

mendacity

untruthfulness, tendency to lie

noun

mendicant

begging, living on alms

adjective

menial

of or relating to work normally performed by a


servant

adjective

mentality

a mindset, a way of thinking

noun

mentor

a wise and trusted counselor or teacher

noun

mephitic

foul-smelling

adjective

mercantile

concerned with the exchange of goods for profit

adjective

mercenary

working or acting merely for money or other


reward

adjective

merciful

showing mercy

adjective

mercurial

changeable, volatile, fickle

adjective

meretricious

alluring by a show of flashy or vulgar attractions

adjective

merge

to combine into a whole

verb

meritocracy
meritorious

a society where status is assigned through


competition
deserving of merit or commendation, deserving
reward

noun
adjective

merriment

cheerful or joyful gaiety, mirth, hilarity, laughter

noun

mesmerize

to exercise mesmerism on, to spellbind, to enthrall verb

messieurs

plural form of monsieur

noun

metallurgy

the science of metals, their extraction from ores,


etc

noun

metamorphos
to change the form or nature of, transform
verb
e
figure of speech: something used to represent
metaphor
noun
something else
the underlying theoretical principles of a subject or
metaphysics
noun
field

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mete

to measure

metempsycho transmigration of the soul, especially its


sis
reincarnation

verb
noun

methodology a sat of principles for regulating a given discipline noun


meticulous
metonymy
metronome

showing extreme care about minute details,


precise
figure of speech: an object's name used for a
related object
a device used to mark time with ticks at an
adjustible pace

adjective
noun
noun

metropolis

a large, busy city

noun

mettle

a quality of endurance and courage

noun

miasma
microcosm

noxious exhalations from putrescent organic


noun
matter
man considered as a miniature counterpart of the
noun
universal

micrometer

one one-millionth of a meter symbols: m, um, rm noun

microphone

to put one or more microphones on or in

verb

microscopic

invisible without the use of the microscope

adjective

microscopy

the study of microscopes, their design and


manufacture

noun

midwife

a person trained to assist women in childbirth

noun

mien
migrate

demeanor or attitude, especially one intended by


its bearer
to move from one region to another according to
the seasons

noun
verb

migratory

a species or thing that migrates

adjective

mileage

the total distance, in miles, travelled

noun

milieu

a persons social setting or environment

noun

militant

aggressive or combative

adjective

militarism

ideology: military is the foundation of a society's


security

noun

militate

to have a substantial effect, weigh heavily

verb

militia

an army of trained civilians called upon in time of


noun
need

millennium

a period of time consisting of one thousand years noun

millet

any of a group of various types of grass used as


food

noun

mimic

to imitate, especially in order to ridicule

verb

miniature

smaller than normal

adjective

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minimize

to make (something) as small or as insignificant as


verb
possible

minion

favoured, beloved, "pet"

ministration
ministry
minority

adjective

the act of ministering care, aid, religious services,


noun
etc
the service, function, or office of a minister of stat
noun
e
any subgroup that does not form a numerical
noun
majority

minuscule

tiny, very small

adjective

minutia

a minor detail, often of negligible importance

noun

mirage

something illusory, without substance or reality

noun

mire

to weigh down

verb

mirth

gaiety or jollity, especially when accompanied by


laughter

noun

misadventure an accidental mishap or misfortune

noun

misanthrope

noun

a hater of human kind

misapprehend to interpret incorrectly, to misunderstand

verb

misbehave

to act or behave in an inappropriate or improper


manner

verb

miscellany

miscellaneous items

noun

mischievous

causing mischief, injurious

adjective

misconstrue

to understand incorrectly, to misunderstand

verb

miscount

to incorrectly count or add up

verb

miscreant

depraved, villainous or base

adjective

misdeed

that which was done that should not have been

noun

misdemeanor
miser
miserly

a crime punishable by a small fine or a short


prison term
a person who lives in poor conditions in order to
save money
like a miser, very covetous, stingy, cautious with
money

noun
noun
adjective

mishap

an accident, mistake, or problem

noun

misinterpret

to make an incorrect interpretation, to


misunderstand

verb

mislay

to lose temporarily, misplace

verb

mismanage

to handle a responsibility in a way which is inept

verb

misnomer

to use a misleading term, to misname

verb

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misogamy

hatred of or opposition to marriage

noun

misogyny

hatred or contempt for women

noun

to put something somewhere and then forget its


location
to represent falsely, to inaccurately portray
misrepresent
something
misplace

verb
verb

misrule

of a trial judge, to make a bad decision in court

verb

missal

any book of prayers or devotions

noun

missile

an object intended to be launched into the air at a


noun
target

missive

a written message, a letter, note or memo

noun

mistrust

to have no confidence in something

verb

misty

with mist, foggy

adjective

misuse

to use (something) incorrectly

verb

mite

a minute arachnid

noun

miter

to finish a material at an angle, as with sides of a


frame

verb

mitigate

to lessen in force or intensity, moderate

verb

mnemonic

assisting or intended to assist the memory

adjective

moat
mobocracy
moccasin

a deep ditch, usually filled with water, around a


fort
rule or control by the mob, or by a mass of
ordinary people
soft leather shoe, originally worn by native
americans

noun
noun
adjective

mockery

the action of mocking, ridicule, derision

noun

moderate

to reduce the excessiveness of (something)

verb

moderation

avoidance of extremes, restraint

noun

moderator

someone who moderates

noun

modernity

the quality of being modern

noun

modicum

a moderate or small amount

noun

modification

the act or result of altering something

noun

modify

to make partial changes to

verb

modish

conforming with fashion or style

adjective

modulate

to regulate, adjust or adapt

verb

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mollify
molt

to soften in feeling or temper, as a person, pacify,


verb
appease
to shed hair, feathers, etc and replace with a fresh
verb
layer

momentary

lasting for only a moment

adjective

momentous

outstanding in importance

adjective

momentum
monarch
monastery

(of a body in motion) the product of its mass and


noun
velocity
a hereditary sovereign, as a king, queen, or emper
noun
or
place of residence for members of a religious
noun
community

monastic

of or relating to monasteries or monks

adjective

monetary

of, pertaining to, or consisting of money

adjective

mongrel

someone of mixed kind or uncertain origin,


especially a dog

noun

monition

a caution or warning of imminent danger

noun

monitory

giving admonition and warning

adjective

monocracy

government by only one person, autocracy

noun

monogram

a design of letters interlaced, commonly one's


initials

noun

monograph

a treatise on a particular subject

noun

monolith

a large object formed of a single block of stone

noun

monologue

a prolonged talk by a single speaker

noun

monomania

excessive interest on a singular object or subject

noun

monopoly

the exclusive possession or control of something

noun

monosyllable a word of one syllable

noun

monotone

a series of speech sounds in one unvaried tone

noun

monotony

tedium as a result of repetition or a lack of variety noun

monstrosity
montage
moonbeam
moot
morale
morass

a plant or animal showing abnormal development


noun
or deformity
a single composition of images from various
noun
sources
a shaft of moonlight, moonlight generally

noun

of little or no practical value or meaning, purely ac


verb
ademic
mental condition with respect to
noun
confidence, zeal, etc
a tract of soft, wet ground, a marsh, a fen

noun

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moratorium
morbid
mordacious
mordant
mores
moribund
morose
morphology

an authorized period of delay or waiting, regarding


noun
debts
suggesting an unhealthy mental state,
adjective
unwholesomely gloomy
biting, causing a physical bite or sting, corrosive

adjective

sharply caustic or sarcastic, as wit or a speaker, bi


adjective
ting
a set of moral norms derived from accepted
noun
practices
in a dying state, near death
gloomily or sullenly ill-humored, as a person or
mood
the part of biology dealing with the structure of
organisms

adjective
adjective
noun

mortician

an undertaker or funeral director

noun

mortify

to humiliate or shame, as by injury to one's pride

verb

mosaic

an image made of small, colored pieces of glass

noun

mot juste

the exact, appropriate word

noun

mote

a small particle or speck, especially of dust

noun

motif

a recurring or dominant element, a theme

noun

motley

comprising greatly varied elements,


heterogeneous

adjective

mottled

to mark with spots or blotches of a different color

verb

motto

a maxim adopted as an expression of a guiding


principle

noun

mountaineer

someone who lives in a mountainous area

noun

mountainous

having many mountains, rough (terrain), rocky

adjective

mountebank

a person selling quack medicines, in a public place noun

muddle

to mix together, to mix up, to confuse

verb

muffle

to wrap up in fabric for warmth or protection

verb

mulatto

a person of mixed african and caucasian descent

noun

muleteer

a mule driver

noun

multifarious

having multiplicity, having great diversity or


variety

adjective

multiform

having more than one shape or appearance

adjective

multiplicity

a large number or variety

noun

mundane

common, ordinary, banal, unimaginative

adjective

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mundane

lacking interest or excitement; dull.

adjective

municipal

of a city which administers local government

adjective

munificence

the quality of being munificent, generosity

noun

munificent

larger or more generous than is usual or necessary adjective

murky

hard to see through, as a fog or mist

adjective

muse

to become lost in thought, to ponder

verb

muster

to gather, summon, rouse (often followed by up )

verb

musty

having a stale odor

adjective

mutable

liable or subject to change or alteration

adjective

mutation

any alteration or change

noun

mutilate

to injure or make imperfect by irreparably


damaging parts

verb

mutiny

revolt or rebellion against constituted authority

noun

myopia
myriad
mystic
mystification
mystique
nadir

a disorder of the eyes where distant objects


appear blurred
a very great or indefinite number of persons or
things
involving otherworldly or symbolic practices or
content
the act of mystifying or the condition of being
mystified
an aura of heightened meaning or mystery around
a thing
the lowest point, point of greatest adversity or des
pair

noun
noun
adjective
noun
noun
noun

naphtha

naturally-occurring liquid petroleum

noun

narcissus

a bulbous plant of the Amyrillis family

noun

narrate

to relate a story or series of events by speech or


writing

verb

nasal

of or pertaining to the nose

adjective

nascent

beginning to exist or develop

adjective

natal

of or relating to birth

adjective

nationality

membership of a particular nation or state

noun

natty

smart and fashionable

adjective

nausea

a feeling of unwellness, usually with the desire to


vomit

noun

nauseate

to cause nausea

verb

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nautical

of or pertaining to sailors, ships, or navigation

adjective

naval

of or relating to a navy

adjective

navel

the belly button

noun

navigable
navigate
nebula
necrology
necromancy
necropolis
necrosis

deep enough and wide enough to afford passage


adjective
to vessels
to control the position and course of a vehicle on a
verb
journey
a cloud in outer space consisting of gas or dust
a listing of people who have died during a period
of time
a method of divination through communication wit
h the dead
a large cemetery, especially one of elaborate
construction
the localized death of cells through injury or
disease

noun
noun
noun
noun
noun

nectar

the juice of a fruit or a blend of fruit juices

noun

nectarine

a variety of peach having a smooth, downless


skin.

noun

nefarious

extremely wicked or villainous, iniquitous

adjective

negate

to deny the existence, evidence, or truth of

verb

negation

the act of negating something

noun

neglectful

failing to take care of matters which require


attention

adjective

negligee

an item of women's nightwear, a lacy nightgown

noun

negligible

too small or unimportant to be of concern

adjective

negotiable

able to be traversed

adjective

nemesis

an archenemy

noun

neocracy

government by the new or inexperienced

noun

neolithic

hopelessly outdated

adjective

neologism

a word or phrase which has recently been coined

noun

neology

the study or art of neologising (creating new


words)

noun

neonate

a newborn infant, recently born baby

noun

neopaganism

a 20th-century revival of interest in the worship of


noun
nature

neophyte

a beginner

nepotism

favoritism granted to relatives regardless of merit noun

noun

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nestle

to settle oneself comfortably and snugly

nestling

a young bird not yet old enough to leave the nest noun

nettle

to sting causing a rash in someone

network
neural
neurology

to interact for the purpose of connections or


advancement
of, or relating to the nerves, neurons or the
nervous system
the branch of medicine that deals with the
nervous system

verb

verb
verb
adjective
noun

neuter

to remove sex organs from an animal

verb

neutral

not taking sides in a conflict such as war,


nonaligned

adjective

nexus

a means of connection, tie, link

noun

nib

the point of a pen, or either of its divisions

noun

niggardly

withholding for the sake of meanness, stingy,


miserly

adjective

niggling

petty, trivial, inconsequential

verb

nihilist

a person who accepts or champions nihilism

noun

nil

nothing, zero

noun

nimble

quick and light in movement or action

adjective

nirvana

a blissful state attained through enlightened


experience

noun

nit

the egg of a louse

noun

nocturnal

primarily active during the night

adjective

noiseless

producing no noise, without noise

adjective

noisome

offensive or disgusting, as an odor

adjective

noisy

making a noise, especially a loud sound

adjective

nomad

any wanderer, itinerant

noun

nomenclature a name

noun

nomina

(in ancient rome) the second name of a citizen

noun

nominal

being such in name only, so-called

adjective

nominate

to appoint to a duty or office

verb

nominee

a person named, or designated, by another, to any


noun
position

non sequitur

a statement containing an illogical conclusion

noun

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noncombatant

a person who is not directly involved in combat

noun

non-resident

not resident in a particular place

noun

nonchalance

indifference, carelessness, coolness

noun

nonchalant

casually calm and relaxed

adjective

noncommittal
nondescript

adjective
adjective

nonentity

an unimportant or insignificant person

noun

nonpareil

a person or thing that has no equal, a paragon

noun

nonplus

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reluctant to give out information or show one's


opinion
of no recognized, definite, or particular type or
kind

to perplex or bewilder someone, to confound or


verb
flummox
to have
been rendered utterly perplexed, puzzle completel verb
y

norm

a standard, model, or pattern

normalcy

the state of being normal, the fact of being normal noun

nostalgia
nostrum
notes
notorious

a wistful desire to return to a former


time in one's life
a medicine sold with false claims and no
demonstrable value
a brief record of something written down for
memory
widely known, especially for something bad,
infamous

noun

noun
noun
noun
adjective

novel

new, original, especially in an interesting way

adjective

novellette

a brief novel or long short story

noun

novice

a person who is new to the circumstances, work, e


noun
tc

noxious

harmful, injurious

adjective

nuance

a subtle difference or distinction in expression

noun

nucleus

the core, central part (of something)

noun

nude

without clothing or other covering of the skin

adjective

nugatory

of no real value, trifling, worthless

adjective

nuisance

an obnoxious or annoying thing

noun

nullity

the state of being void, or invalid

noun

numerical

of or pertaining to numbers

adjective

numismatist

one who studies and/or collects coins and/or

noun

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currencies
nunnery

a place of residence for nuns

noun

nuptial

of or pertaining to wedding and marriage

adjective

nurture

to nourish or nurse

verb

nutriment

a source of nourishment, food

noun

nutritive

of or pertaining to nutrition

adjective

nuzzle

to touch someone or something with the nose

verb

oaken

made from the wood of the oak tree

adjective

oakum

a material used to caulk or pack joints

noun

obdurate

stubborn, unyielding

adjective

obeisance

demonstration of an obedient attitude

noun

obelisk

a tapered, stone monolith topped with a pyramidal


noun
point

obese

extremely overweight

adjective

obfuscate

to confuse, bewilder, or stupefy

verb

obfuscation

the act of obscuring the perception of something

noun

obituary

a brief notice of a persons death

noun

objective

purpose, goal

adjective

objector

a person who objects to something

noun

obligate

to compel by a social, legal, or moral tie

verb

oblique

neither perpendicular nor parallel to a line or


surface

adjective

obliterate

to remove or destroy all traces of, do away with

verb

oblivion

the state of being completely forgotten or


unknown

noun

oblong

describing something that is longer than it is wide adjective

obloquy

censure, blame, or abusive language aimed at


something

noun

obnoxious

very annoying, offensive, odious or contemptible

adjective

obscure

to darken, make faint etc

verb

obsequies

funeral rites

noun

obsequious
observant

showing servile complaisance or deference,


fawning
alert and paying close attention

adjective
adjective

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obsession

a compulsive or irrational preoccupation

noun

obsolescence

the state of being obsoleteno longer in use,


disused

noun

obsolete

no longer in general use, fallen into disuse

adjective

obstetrics

the care of women during and after pregnancy

noun

the state, or an act, of stubbornness or


noun
doggedness
firmly or stubbornly adhering to one's purpose, opi
obstinate
adjective
nion
resisting control or restraint in a difficult manner, u
obstreperous
adjective
nruly
to block or fill (a passage) with obstacles or an
obstruct
verb
obstacle
to impose (something) on someone or into some
obtrude
verb
area
not quick or alert in perception, not
obtuse
adjective
sensitive or observant
obstinacy

obvert

to turn so as to show another side

obviate

to anticipate and prevent or eliminate by effective


verb
measures

occident

that part of the earth towards the sunset, the west noun

occlude
occult

verb

to close, shut, or stop up (a passage, opening, etc


verb
)
any system claiming use or knowledge of secret
noun
forces

occupant

a person who occupies a place or a position

noun

occurrence

actual instance where a situation arises

noun

octagon

a polygon with eight sides and eight angles

noun

octave
octavo

an interval spanning eight degrees of the diatonic


noun
scale
a book printed on sheets folded to form 8 leaves o
noun
r 16 pages

octogenarian being between the age of 80 and 89, inclusive

adjective

ocular

of, or relating to the eye, or the sense of sight

adjective

oculist

an ophthalmologist

noun

oddity

an odd or strange thing

noun

ode

a short poetical composition, a lyric poem

noun

odious

deserving or causing hatred, hateful, detestable

adjective

odium
odoriferous

intense hatred, especially toward a contemptible


person
having an odor or fragrance

noun
adjective

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odorous

having a distinctive odor

adjective

offhand

without planning or thinking ahead

adjective

officiate

to perform the functions of some office

verb

officious

obliging, attentive, eager to please

adjective

offshoot
ogle
ogre

a branch or lateral shoot from a main stem, as of


noun
a plant
to stare at (someone or something), especially
verb
covetously
a type of giant from folk tales that eats human
noun
flesh

ointment

a viscous preparation of oils used as a treatment

noun

olfactory

concerning the sense of smell

adjective

oligarchy

government by the few

noun

ominous

portending evil or harm, foreboding

adjective

omission

the act of omitting

noun

omnipotent

almighty or infinite in power, as god

adjective

omnipresent

being everywhere simultaneously

adjective

omniscient

having total knowledge

adjective

having a diet which is neither carnivorous nor


adjective
herbivorous
burdensome, oppressive, or troublesome, causing
onerous
adjective
hardship
the property of a word of sounding like what it
onomatopoeia
noun
represents
omnivorous

onrush

a forceful rush or flow forward

noun

onset

the beginning or start

noun

onslaught

an onset, assault, or attack, especially a vigorous


one

noun

onus

a legal obligation

noun

opalescence

exhibiting a play of colors like that of the opal

noun

opaque

to make, render (more) opaque

verb

operetta

a lighter opera with a frivolous story and spoken


dialogue

noun

opinion

to have or express as an opinion

verb

opponent

an individual or group who is a rival of another

noun

opportune

suitable for some particular purpose

adjective

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opposite

located directly across from something else

adjective

opprobrium

the reproach incurred by conduct considered


shameful

noun

opt

to choose, to select

verb

optic

of, or relating to the eye or to vision

adjective

optician

a person who makes or sells lenses, spectacles etc noun

optimism

a tendency to expect the best

noun

option

something that may be or is chosen, choice

noun

optometry

the art and science of vision and eye care

noun

opulence

wealth

noun

opulent

luxuriant, and ostentatiously magnificent

adjective

opus

a musical composition

noun

oracular

of or relating to an oracle

adjective

oral

uttered by the mouth, spoken

adjective

orate

to speak formally, to give a speech

verb

oratorio

a musical composition on a religious theme

noun

oratory

the art of public speaking, especially in a formal


manner

noun

ordain

to invest with ministerial functions or holy orders

verb

ordeal

a painful or trying experience

noun

ordinal

of a number, indicating position in a sequence

adjective

ordinance

a local law or regulation

noun

ordinate
ordnance
orgies
orifice

the distance from the x-axis measured parallel to


the y-axis
military equipment, especially weapons and
ammunition
(plural) wild, drunken or licentious festivity or
revelry
a mouth or aperture, as of a tube, pipe, etc, an
opening

noun
noun
noun
noun

origin

something from which anything starts, the source noun

ornate

elaborately ornamented, often to excess

adjective

ornithology

the branch of zoology that deals with birds

noun

orthodox

the traditional doctrines of an ideology, faith or

adjective

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religion
orthodoxy

correctness in doctrine and belief

noun

orthogonal

pertaining to right angles, perpendicular (to)

adjective

orthopedics

medical, concerned with the spine and joints

noun

orthopedist

an orthopedic surgeon

noun

oscillate

to swing back and forth, especially with a regular


rhythm

verb

oscillation

an act or instance of oscillating

noun

osculate

to come into close contact or union

verb

ossify

to convert into or cause to harden like bone

verb

ostensible

outwardly appearing as such, professed

adjective

ostracize

to exclude (a person) from society or from a


community

verb

oud

a musical instrument belonging to the lute family

noun

ought

indicating duty or obligation

verb

oust

to expel, to remove

verb

outbreak

a sudden breaking out or occurrence, eruption

noun

outcry

a strong and usually public expression of protest

noun

outlandish

bizarre, strange

adjective

outlast

to live, last or remain longer than something else

verb

outlaw

a fugitive from the law, lawless person

noun

outpost

a military post stationed at a distance from the


main army

noun

outrage

any gross violation of law or decency

noun

outreach

to exceed

verb

outride
outrigger

to ride (a horse, bicycle, etc ) better than


(someone)
(nautical) beams that provide support for a mast
or a canoe

verb
noun

outright

complete or total

adjective

outskirt

a more remote part of a town or city, the


periphery

noun

outstretch

to extend by stretching

verb

outstrip

to outrun or leave behind

verb

outweigh

to exceed in weight or value

verb

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ovation

prolonged enthusiastic applause

noun

overhang

to hang over (something)

verb

overleap

to leap over, to jump over, to cross by jumping

verb

overlord

a ruler of other rulers

noun

a road, pedestrian walkway, etc, crossing over


some barrier
overproductio production of more of a commodity than can be
n
used or sold
overpass

noun
noun

overreach

to reach above or beyond in any direction

verb

overrun

to defeat an enemy and invade in great numbers

verb

oversee

to supervise, guide, or direct actions of a person or


verb
group

overseer

one who oversees or supervises, a supervisor

noun

overshadow

to dominate something and make it seem


insignificant

verb

overstride

to surpass

verb

overt

open and not secret nor concealed

adjective

overthrow

to bring about the downfall of a government, etc.

verb

overtone

an implicit meaning, as opposed to a hidden


meaning

noun

overture

an approach made to establish a relationship

noun

overweening
overweight
overwrought

unduly confident, arrogant, presumptuous,


conceited
weighing too much or more than is considered
normal
in a state of excessive nervousness, excitement,
or anger

adjective
adjective
adjective

pacific

calm, peaceful

adjective

pacifist

one who support sor favours peace

noun

pacify

to bring peace by ending war, violence, anger or


agitation

verb

pact

an agreement, a compact, a covenant

noun

paean

any loud and joyous song, a song of triumph

noun

pagan
pageant
painstaking
palatable

person or community observing a polytheistic


religion
an elaborate public display, i.e. a parade in
costume
carefully attentive to details, diligent in a
procedure
pleasing to the taste, tasty

noun
noun
adjective
adjective

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palate

the sense of taste

noun

palatial

of or relating to a palace

adjective

paleontology
palette
palinode
palisade

study of life in prehistoric times, represented by


fossils
a thin board on which a painter lays and mixes
colours
poem where an author retracts something from an
earlier poem
a fence of stakes set firmly in the ground, for
enclosure

noun
noun
noun
noun

pall

a cloth for spreading over a coffin

noun

palliate

to relieve the symptoms of

verb

palliative

minimising progression of a disease for as long as


adjective
possible

pallid

appearing weak, pale or wan

adjective

pallor

unusual paleness

noun

palpable

capable of being touched, felt or handled

adjective

palpitate

to throb, beat strongly

verb

palsy

any atonal muscular condition characterised by


tremors

noun

paltry

ridiculously or insultingly small

adjective

paludal

of or pertaining to marshes

adjective

pamphlet

a small booklet of printed informational matter

noun

pamphleteer

a writer or publisher of pamphlets

noun

pan-american

of all the countries of north, central and south


america

adjective

panacea

a remedy for all disease or ills, a cure-all

noun

panache

a grand or flamboyant manner

noun

pandemic

disease prevalent in a country, continent, or the


world

adjective

pandemonium wild uproar or unrestrained disorder

noun

pander

to cater to or profit from the weaknesses of others verb

panegyric

a lofty oration or writing in praise of a person or


thing

noun

panoply

a splendid display of something

noun

panorama
pantheism

an unobstructed and wide view of an extensive


area
doctrine that god is transcendent reality of the

noun
noun

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universe
pantheon

a temple dedicated to all the gods

noun

pantomime

the art of conveying actions by gestures without


speech

noun

pantoscope

a very wide-angled photographic lens

noun

papacy

the office of the pope

noun

papyrus

a tall, aquatic plant native to the nile valley

noun

parable

a short allegorical story that illustrates a moral


lesson

noun

paradigm

an example serving as a model

noun

paradox

seemingly contradictory statement that may be


true

noun

paragon

a model or pattern of excellence

noun

parallel

extending in same direction, never converging or


diverging

adjective

paralyze

to afflict with paralysis

verb

parameters

limits or boundaries, guidelines

noun

paramount

chief in importance or impact, supreme,


preeminent

adjective

paramour

an illicit lover, especially of a married person

noun

paraphernalia miscellaneous items, stuff


paraphrase
parasite

noun

to restate something as, or to compose a


verb
paraphrase
organism that lives in, gets nutrients from another
noun
organism

parch

to make extremely, excessively, or completely dry verb

parchmnet

the skin of sheep, used as a material


on which to write

verb

pare

to cut off the outer coating, layer or part of

verb

parentage

descent from ancestors, birth, origin or lineage

noun

pariah

an outcast

noun

Parisian

of, or pertaining to, or characteristic of paris,


france

adjective

parity

equality, as in amount, status or character

noun

parlance

a way or manner of speaking, vernacular, idiom

noun

parlay
parley
parliament

to bet or gamble on a subsequent race, contest,


etc
meeting between enemies under a truce to
discuss terms
assembly of the representatives of a political

verb
verb
noun

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nation
parlor

a room for the reception of visitors to one's home noun

parlous

perilous, dangerous

adjective

parochial

pertaining to a parish

adjective

parody

a satirical imitation of a serious piece of literature noun

paronymous

containing the same root or stem as another word adjective

paroxysm

any sudden, violent outburst

noun

parricide

someone who kills a relative, especially a parent

noun

parry

to avoid, deflect, or ward off (an attack)

verb

parse

to analyse in terms of grammatical constituents

verb

parsimonious extremely frugal, stingy

adjective

parsimony

great reluctance to spend money unnecessarily

noun

partible

divisible (able to be divided or partitioned)

adjective

participate

to join in, to take part, to involve oneself

verb

partisan

a supporter of a person, group, party or cause

adjective

partition

a division into portions or shares

noun

passible

capable of feeling, especially suffering

adjective

passive
pastiche
pastoral

not reacting to something that should produce an


adjective
emotion
an artistic piece consisting of motifs borrowed
noun
from sources
having the simplicity or charm attributed to rural
adjective
areas

patent

to register an invention with a government agency verb

paternal

of one's father, or his side of a family

pathology
pathos

the study of the origin, nature and course of


diseases
the power in forms of expression, evoking pity or
compassion

adjective
noun
noun

patriarch

the male head of a family

noun

patrician

a person of noble or high rank, aristocrat

noun

patrimony

a right or estate inherited from one's father

noun

patriotism
patron

devoted love, support and defence of one's


noun
country
a customer, especially a regular one, of a business noun

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patronize
patronymic

to behave in an offensively condescending manner


verb
toward
derived from ancestors, as, a patronymic
adjective
denomination

patter

to make a rapid succession of light taps

verb

paucity

smallness of quantity, scarcity, scantness

noun

pauper

a person who depends on aid from public welfare


funds

noun

pauperism

the state of being a pauper, poverty

noun

pavilion

a light, usually open building used for concerts,


exhibits

noun

payee

one to whom money is payable

noun

peaceable

favouring peace rather than conflict, not


aggressive

adjective

peaceful

not at war or disturbed by strife or turmoil

adjective

peccable

liable to sin, subject to transgress the divine law

adjective

peccadillo

a very minor sin or offence

noun

peccant

guilty of a moral offence

adjective

pectoral

of or pertaining to the breast, the pectoral muscles adjective

peculate

to steal or take dishonestly

verb

pecuniary

of or pertaining to money

adjective

pedagogics

the science or art of teaching, pedagogy

noun

pedagogue

a teacher

noun

pedagogy

the function or work of a teacher

noun

pedal
pedant

to operate a pedal attached to a wheel in a


circular motion
a person who makes an excessive display of
learning

verb
noun

pedantry

the character, qualities, practices of a pedant

noun

peddle

to sell things, especially door to door

verb

pedestal

an architectural support for a column, statue, vase noun

pedestrian

lacking in vitality, imagination, distinction, etc

adjective

pediatrics

branch of medicine that deals with the treatment


of children

noun

pedigree

an ancestral line

noun

peerage

the body of peers of a country or state

noun

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peerless

without equal, unparalleled, best

adjective

peevish

showing annoyance, irritation or bad mood

adjective

pejorative

having a disparaging, derogatory or belittling


effect

adjective

pellucid

allowing for the passage of light, transparent

adjective

penalty
penance

a punishment imposed for the violation of a law or


noun
rule
a punishment undergone in token of penitence for
noun
sin

penchant

a strong inclination for something

noun

pendant

a hanging ornament in jewellery

noun

pendulum

a body suspended from a fixed support so that it


swings

noun

penetrate

to pierce through or pass into

verb

peninsula

an area of land almost completely surrounded by


water

noun

penitence

regret for one's wrongdoing or sinning

noun

penitent

feeling or expressing sorrow for sin or wrongdoing adjective

penitential

pertaining to penance or penitence

adjective

pennant

any relatively long, tapering flag

noun

pension

a fixed amount, other than wages, paid at regular


noun
intervals

pensive

dreamily or wistfully thoughtful

adjective

pentad

a group or series of five things

noun

pentagon

a polygon with five sides and five angles

noun

pentagram

a 5-pointed star with intersecting lines, an occult


symbol

noun

pentahedron

a solid geometric figure with five faces

noun

pentameter

a line in a poem having five metrical feet

noun

pentathlon

an athletic contest comprising 5 track and field


events

noun

pentavalent

having a valence of 5

adjective

penultimate

coming next-to-last in a sequence

adjective

penurious

extremely stingy, parsimonious, miserly

adjective

penury

extreme poverty

noun

peon

a lowly person, a peasant who is obliged to do

noun

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menial work
perambulate

to walk about, roam or stroll

verb

perceive

to see, to be aware of, to understand

verb

perceptive

having keenness of perception, insight or intuition adjective

perch

a pole or rod, serving as a roost for birds

noun

percipient

having the ability to perceive, especially quickly

adjective

percolate

to pass a liquid through a porous substance, to


filter

verb

percolator

a kind of coffeepot

noun

percussion

the collision of two bodies in order to produce a


sound

noun

perdition

a state of final spiritual ruin

noun

peregrination a journey, especially by foot, notably by a pilgrim

noun

peremptory

leaving no opportunity for denial or refusal

adjective

perennial

remaining active throughout the year, or all the


time

adjective

perfectible

able to be perfected, capable of perfection

adjective

perfidious

deliberately faithless, treacherous

adjective

perfidy

deliberate breach of faith or trust

noun

perforate

to pierce, to penetrate

verb

perform

to do something, to execute

verb

perfumery

perfumes collectively

noun

perfunctory
perigee

performed merely as a routine duty, hasty and


adjective
superficial
point in orbit of the moon when it is nearest to the
noun
earth

peril

exposure to injury, loss or destruction

noun

perilous

dangerous

adjective

periodicity

the tendency to recur at regular intervals

noun

peripatetic

tending to walk about

adjective

peripheral

pertaining to the outside surface or boundary of


an area

adjective

periphery

the external boundary of any surface or area

noun

perjure
perjury

to knowingly make a false statement while under


oath
the willful giving of false testimony under oath

verb
noun

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permanence

the state of being permanent

noun

permanent

without end, eternal

adjective

permeable

capable of being penetrated

adjective

permeate

to penetrate and pass through without causing


rupture

verb

permissible

allowable

adjective

permutation

a combination of items made by reordering

noun

pernicious

causing insidious harm or ruin

adjective

perpendicular

(geometry) meeting a given line or surface at right


adjective
angles

perpetrator

a person who commits an illegal or criminal act

noun

perpetual

lasting forever, or for an indefinitely long time

adjective

perpetuate

to cause to last indefinitely

verb

perpetuity

endless or indefinitely long duration or existence

noun

perplex
perquisite

to cause to be puzzled or bewildered, confuse


mentally
any monetary or other incidental benefit beyond
salary

verb
noun

persecution

to punish in a manner designed to injure or afflict

noun

persevere

to persist in anything undertaken

verb

persiflage

light, bantering talk or writing

noun

persist

to go on steadfastly and resolutely

verb

persnickety

fastidious or fussy

adjective

persona

a person's perceived or evident personality

noun

personable

having a pleasing manner, friendly, amiable

adjective

personage

a person of distinction or importance

noun

personal

coming from a particular person, individual,


private

adjective

personnel

employees, office staff

noun

perspective

depicting spatial relationships on a flat surface

adjective

perspicacious having keen mental perception and understanding adjective


perspicacity

keenness of mental perception and understanding noun

perspicuous

clearly expressed or presented

adjective

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perspiration

sweat

noun

perspire

to emit sweat or perspiration through the skin's


pores

verb

persuadable

capable of being convinced

adjective

persuade

to successfully convince (someone) to do


something

verb

pert

boldly forward in speech or behaviour

verb

pertain

to have reference or relation

verb

pertinacious

holding tenaciously to an opinion or purpose

adjective

pertinacity

the state or characteristic of being persistent

noun

pertinent

important with regards to (a subject or matter),


relevant

adjective

perturb

to disturb, to bother or unsettle

verb

perturbation

agitation, the state of being perturbed

noun

perusal

the act of surveying

noun

peruse

to examine or consider with care

verb

pervade

to become spread through all parts of

verb

pervasive
perverse

manifested throughout, penetrating or affecting


everything
willfully determined to go counter to what is
expected

adjective
adjective

perversion

humiliation, debasement

noun

pervert

to lead astray morally

verb

pervious

admitting of passage or entrance

adjective

pessimism

a general belief that bad things will happen

noun

pestilence

a deadly or virulent epidemic disease

noun

pestilent

highly injurious or destructive to life, deadly

adjective

peter

to dwindle, to trail off, to diminish to nothing

verb

petrify

to convert into stone or a stony substance

verb

petrous

like stone, especially in hardness

adjective

petulance

the state or quality of being petulant

noun

petulant

showing sudden, impatient irritation

adjective

pharmacopoei an official book describing medicines

noun

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a
pharmacy

a place where prescription drugs are dispensed

noun

phenomenal

very remarkable, highly extraordinary, amazing

adjective

philander

to make love with a woman one cannot marry

verb

philanthropic benevolent

adjective

philately

noun

stamp collecting

philharmonic a full-size symphonic orchestra

noun

philippic

any speech or discourse of bitter denunciation

noun

philistine

a person lacking in cultural values

noun

philogynist

someone who is fond of women as a group

noun

philologist

a person who studies literary texts and written


records

noun

philology

the study of literary texts and of written records

noun

philosophy

the rational investigation of the principles of being noun

phlegmatic

not easily excited to action or display of emotion

adjective

phobia

an irrational or obsessive fear or anxiety

noun

phonetic

relating to the sounds of spoken language

adjective

phonic

of or pertaining to speech sound

adjective

phonogram
phonology

a part of a writing system, standing for a sound or


noun
syllable
the study of the patterning of speech sounds in a
noun
language

phosphoresce
the emission of light without any perceptible heat noun
nce
photoelectric pertaining to electric effects produced by light

adjective

photometer

an instrument that measures brightness

noun

photometry

the measurement of the intensity of light

noun

physiocracy

belief that land is the basis of wealth and taxation noun

physiognomy the face or countenance

noun

physiography the science of physical geography

noun

physiology
picaresque
picayune

biology dealing with the functions of living


organisms
a form of fiction depicting the adventures of a
roguish hero
petty, trivial, of little consequence

noun
adjective
adjective

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piccolo

an instrument similar to a flute, but smaller

noun

piece de
resistance

the principal dish of a meal

noun

piecemeal

made or done in pieces or one stage at a time

adjective

pied

having patches of two or more colours

adjective

piety

devout fulfillment of religious obligations

noun

pilfer

to steal in small quantities

verb

pillage
pillory

to loot or plunder by force, especially in time of


war
a wooden frame with holes for securing the head
and hands

verb
noun

pincers

a gripping tool with blunt jaws

noun

pinch

to squeeze or compress between something

noun

pinion

a bird's wing

noun

pinioned

tie or hold the arms or legs of (someone)

verb

pinnacle

a high peak

noun

pioneer

a person who is among those who first settle a


region

noun

pious

having a dutiful spirit of reverence for god

adjective

piquancy

a food's level of pungency

noun

piquant

agreeably pungent or sharp in taste or flavour

adjective

pique

to affect with irritation and resentment

verb

piteous

evoking or deserving pity

adjective

pith

the soft central cylinder of tissue in a plant stem

noun

pithy

brief, forceful and meaningful in expression

adjective

pitiable

evoking or deserving pity, pitiful

adjective

pitiful

evoking or deserving pity

adjective

pitiless

feeling or showing no pity

adjective

pittance

a small allowance of food and drink, a scanty meal noun

pivotal

of vital or critical importance

adjective

placate

to appease or pacify

verb

placebo

a dummy medicine containing no active

noun

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ingredients
placid
plagiarism
plaintiff
plaintive
planisphere
plasticity

calm and quiet, peaceful, tranquil


using the language and thoughts of another
author
a party bringing a suit in civil law against a
defendan
sorrowful, mournful or melancholic
a map of the celestial sphere indicating a visible
location
the capability of being molded to assume a
desired form

adjective
noun
noun
adjective
noun
noun

platitude

a flat, dull or trite remark

noun

platonic

free from sensual desire

adjective

plaudit

a mark or expression of applause, praise bestowed noun

plausible

seemingly or apparently likely, or acceptable

adjective

playwright

a writer and creator of theatrical plays

noun

plea

an appeal, petition, urgent prayer or entreaty

noun

pleasant

giving pleasure, pleasing in manner

adjective

pleasurable

enjoyable

adjective

plebeian

belonging or pertaining to the common people

adjective

plebian

alternative spelling of plebeian

adjective

pledgee

someone who receives a pledge

noun

pledgeor

a person who gives or makes a pledge

noun

plenary

fully attended, for everyone's attendance

adjective

plenipotentiar a person with power to do business on behalf of


y
another

adjective

plenitude

an abundance, plenty, a full supply

noun

plenteous

of or pertaining to plenty, abundance

adjective

plethora

overabundance, excess

noun

pliable

easily bent

adjective

pliant

capable of bending, flexible, pliable

adjective

plod

to walk or move slowly and heavily

verb

pluck

to pull something sharply, to pull something out

verb

plumage

feathers, either covering a bird or used

noun

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ornamentally
plummet
pluperfect
plural

to drop swiftly, in a direct manner, to fall quickly

verb

perfect with respect to a point of reference in past


adjective
time
consisting of or containing more than one of
adjective
something

plurality

fact of being numerous

noun

plutocracy

the rule or power of wealth or the wealthy

noun

pneumatic

of or relating to air or other gases

adjective

podium

a small platform for a public speaker, a conductor,


noun
etc

poesy

the class of literature comprising poems

noun

poetaster

an unskilled poet

noun

poetic

possessing the qualities or charm of poetry

adjective

poignant

keenly distressing to the feelings

adjective

poise

calm self-assured dignity, especially in social


situations

verb

polar

of or relating to the north or south pole

adjective

polemic

a controversial argument

noun

politic

shrewd or prudent in practical matters

adjective

pollen

the fertilizing element of flowering plants

noun

pollute

to make foul or unclean

verb

poltroon

a wretched coward, craven

noun

polyarchy

government in which power is invested in 3 or


more persons

noun

polycracy

government by many rulers, polyarchy

noun

polygamy

the custom of having more than one spouse at the


noun
same time

polyglot

able to speak or write several languages

adjective

polygon

a figure having three or more sides

noun

polyhedron

a solid figure with many flat faces and straight


edges

noun

polysyllable

a word with more than two syllables

noun

polytechnic

offering instruction in a variety of technical


subjects

adjective

polytheism

the belief of the existence of many gods

noun

pommel

a knob, as on the hilt of a sword

noun

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pomposity

the quality of being pompous, self-importance

noun

pompous

affectedly grand, solemn or self-important

adjective

ponder

to wonder, to think of deeply

verb

pontiff

any high or chief priest

noun

pontificate

to preside as a bishop, especially at mass

verb

populace

the common people of a nation

noun

populous

full of residents, as a region, heavily populated

adjective

portend

to serve as a warning or omen

verb

portent

an indication or omen of something about to


happen

noun

portentous

ominously significant, portending evil

adjective

portfolio

a large flat case for carrying documents

noun

portly

rather heavy or fat

adjective

poseur

a person who attempts to impress others by


assuming a manner

noun

posit

to place, put or set

verb

posse

a body or force armed with legal authority

noun

possess

to have, to have ownership of

verb

possessor

one who possesses

noun

postdate

to date with a date in the future

verb

posterior

located behind, or towards the rear of an object

adjective

posterity

succeeding or future generations collectively

noun

postgraduate further studies after completing a degree

adjective

posthumous

arising, occurring or continuing after one's death

adjective

postscript

a paragraph or phrase added to a concluded letter noun

postulate

to ask, demand or claim

verb

potable

good for drinking without fear of poisoning or


disease

adjective

potency

strength

noun

potent

powerful, mighty

adjective

potentate

a powerful leader, a monarch, a ruler

noun

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potential

existing in possibility, not in actuality

adjective

potion

a drink or draft, especially a magical one

noun

potpourri

a mixture of dried petals of roses or other spices

noun

pragmatic

pertaining to a practical point of view

adjective

pragmatist

practical person, realist

noun

prate

to talk much and to little purpose, to babble

verb

prattle

to talk incessantly and in a childish manner, to


babble

verb

preamble

an introductory statement

noun

precaution

a measure taken in advance to secure good results noun

precede

to go before, go in front of

precedent
precept

(law) a legal decision serving as an authoritative


rule
a commandment given as a rule of action or
conduct

verb
noun
noun

precession

precedence

noun

precinct

a district in a city marked out for government


purposes

noun

precipice

a very steep cliff

noun

precipitant

falling headlong

adjective

precipitous

extremely steep

adjective

precise

exact, accurate

adjective

precision

accuracy

noun

preclude

to prevent the occurrence of, make impossible

verb

precocious

unusually advanced or mature in development

adjective

precursor

something that precedes

noun

predatory

of, or relating to a predator

adjective

predecessor

something replaced by something else

noun

predicament

a difficult, perplexing or dangerous situation

noun

a tendency to think favourably of something in


noun
particular
to make someone susceptible to something (such
predispose
verb
as a disease)
predominance the condition or state of having power over others noun
predilection

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preeminence

the status of being preeminent, dominant or


ascendant

noun

preeminent

exceeding others in quality or rank

adjective

preempt

to acquire something (before someone else does) verb

preengage

to engage beforehand

verb

preestablish

to establish beforehand

verb

preexist

to exist before something else

verb

preface

an introductory part, or preliminary statement

noun

prefatory
prefix

introductory, preliminary, serving as a prelude or


preface
an affix placed before a word to modify a term's
meaning

adjective
noun

prehensile

able to take hold of and clasp objects

adjective

prehension

the act of grasping or gripping something

noun

prejudice

an unfavourable opinion formed without


knowledge or reason

noun

prelacy

the office of a prelate

noun

prelate

a church dignitary

noun

prelude

any action or event that precedes something else noun

premature

occurring too soon

adjective

premeditated done deliberately, planned in advance

adjective

premier

the head of the cabinet in some countries

noun

premise

a proposition supporting or helping to support a


conclusion

noun

premonition

a forewarning of a future event

noun

preoccupy

to distract, to occupy or draw attention elsewhere verb

preordain

to determine the fate of something in advance

verb

preparation

the act of getting ready for something

noun

preponderanc
excess or superiority of influence
e

noun

prepossess

verb

to occupy beforehand

preposterous absurd, or contrary to common sense

adjective

prerogative

having a hereditary or official right or privilege

adjective

presage

foreboding

noun

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prescience

knowledge of things before they happen

noun

prescient

having knowledge of events before they take


place

adjective

prescribe

to order (a drug) for use by a particular patient

verb

prescript

something prescribed, a rule, regulation or dictate noun

prescription

paper from doctor for pharmacist stating


medication you need

adjective

presentient

having a premonition

adjective

presentiment a feeling that something is about to happen

noun

presentment

a statement made on oath by a jury

noun

preservation

to keep alive or in existence

verb

preside

to occupy the place of authority or control

verb

prestigious

of high honour or reputation

adjective

presumption

assumption of something as true

noun

preternatural strange, inexplicable, extraordinary, abnormal

adjective

pretext

something put forward to conceal a true purpose


or object

noun

prevail

to be superior in strength, dominance, influence

verb

prevalence

the quality or condition of being widespread

noun

prevaricate

to deviate, transgress, to go astray (from)

verb

prevention

the act of keeping something from occurring

noun

prickle

a sharp point

noun

prig

a person who is self-righteous and narrow-minded noun

priggish

like a prig

adjective

prim

precise or proper

adjective

prima

most important

adjective

primer

a book that provides an introduction to a topic

noun

primeval

belonging to the first ages

adjective

primitive

of, or pertaining to, the beginning or origin

adjective

primordial

first, earliest or original

adjective

principle

a fundamental assumption

noun

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priory

a monastery or convent governed by a prior or


prioress

noun

pristine

unspoiled, still with its original purity

adjective

privateer

private ship built by the government to harass


enemy ships

noun

privation

lack of the usual comforts of life

noun

privilege

to grant some particular right or exemption to

verb

privity

a divine mystery, something known only to god

noun

privy

having knowledge of something private or secret

adjective

probate

the official proving of a will as authentic

noun

probe

to explore, investigate, or question

verb

probity

integrity and uprightness

noun

procedure

a particular method for performing a task

noun

proceed

to go forward or onward, to advance

verb

proclamation a public and official announcement

noun

proclivity

noun

natural or habitual inclination

procrastinate to put off, to delay taking action, to wait until later verb
proctor

to supervise or monitor

verb

procure

to obtain through special means

verb

prodigy
productive
profane
profess
professor

a young person having extraordinary talent or


ability
capable of producing something, especially in
abundance
irreligious
to make open declaration of, to own or admit
freely
a teacher or faculty member at a college or
university

noun
adjective
adjective
verb
noun

proffer

to offer for acceptance, to propose to give

verb

proficient

good at, skilled, fluent, practiced

adjective

profiteer

a person who seeks exorbitant profits

noun

profligacy

careless wastefulness

noun

profligate

utterly immoral

adjective

profound

entering deeply into subjects of thought or

adjective

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knowledge
profuse

spending or giving freely and in large amount

adjective

profusion

abundance, the state of being profuse, a


cornucopia

noun

progenitor

a forefather, any of a person's direct ancestors

noun

progeny

offspring or descendants

noun

prognosis

a forecast of the future course of a disease or


disorder

noun

prognosticate to predict or forecast

verb

progression

the act of moving from one thing to another

noun

prohibition

an act of prohibiting, forbidding, or disallowing


something

noun

prohibitory

that serves to prohibit or forbid

adjective

projection

something which sticks out

noun

proletarian

of or relating to the working class

adjective

proletariat

the working class or lower class

noun

proliferate

to grow or produce by multiplication of parts

verb

prolific

producing offspring abundantly

adjective

prolix

extended to great, unnecessary or tedious length

adjective

prologue

an introduction, especially to a play or novel

noun

prolong

to extend in space or length

verb

promenade

to walk

verb

prominence
promiscuous

the state of being prominent: widely known or


eminent
having casual sexual relations with a number of
partners

noun
adjective

promissory

containing or consisting of a promise

adjective

promontory

a high point of land extending into a body of water noun

promoter

one who promotes

noun

promulgate

to make known or public

verb

propaganda

information or ideas spread deliberately to help or


noun
harm

propagate

to cause an organism to multiply

verb

propel

to cause to move in a certain direction

verb

propellant

something that causes an object to be driven

noun

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forward
propeller

a mechanical device with rotating blades

noun

propensity

a tendency, preference, or attraction

noun

prophecy

a prediction, especially one made by a prophet

noun

prophesy

to speak or write with divine inspiration

verb

propinquity

nearness in place

noun

propitiate

to make favourably inclined

verb

propitious

presenting favourable opinions

adjective

proponent

one who supports something, an advocate

noun

proportionate adjusted to proper proportion

adjective

propound

to put forward, to offer for discussion or debate

verb

proprietary

of relating to property or ownership

adjective

propriety

conformity to established standards of proper


behaviour

noun

propulsion

force causing movement

noun

prosaic

commonplace or dull

adjective

proscenium

the stage area between the curtain and the


orchestra

noun

proscribe

to forbid or prohibit

verb

prose

the ordinary form of spoken or written language

noun

proselyte

a convert from one religious belief to another

noun

proselytize

to encourage or induce people to join a religious


movement

verb

prosody

the study of speech

noun

prospector

a person who searches for natural resources

noun

prospectus
prosperity

a document describing the features of a proposed


noun
project
a successful condition, especially in financial
noun
respects

prostrate

to lie flat or facedown, to throw oneself down

verb

prostration

the act or condition of laying flat as a sign of


humility

noun

protagonist

the main character in a literary work or drama

noun

protean

readily assuming different forms or characters

adjective

protege

a person guided and protected by a more

noun

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protg
Protestant

prominent person
a person guided and protected by a more
prominent person
any christian who is not catholic, anglican or
eastern

noun
adjective

protocol

the customs dealing with diplomatic formality

noun

protomartyr

any of the first christian martyrs

noun

protoplasm
prototype

the colloidal and liquid substance of which cells


are formed
the original on which something else is based or
formed

noun
noun

protract

to draw out or lengthen

verb

protrude

to bulge outward, to stick out

verb

protrusion

the act of protruding

noun

protuberant

swelling or bulging outward

adjective

proverb
provident

a basic truth which may be applied to common


situations
with care and consideration for the future,
foresight

noun
adjective

providential

fortunate as if occurring as a gift from a deity

adjective

provincial

belonging or peculiar to a particular province

adjective

provisional

temporary

adjective

proviso

a conditional provision to an agreement

noun

provocation

the act of annoying someone into doing something noun

prowess

skillfulness and manual ability, adroitness or


dexterity

noun

proximity

closeness

noun

proxy

the power of a person authorized to act in place of


noun
another

prudent

wise in practical affairs

adjective

prudery

excessive propriety or modesty in speech

noun

prurient

having lustful thoughts

adjective

pseudapostle one falsely claiming to be an apostle


pseudonym

a fictitious name, often used by writers and movie


noun
stars

pseudonymity use of a false name


the science of diagnosing and treating mental
disorders
psychopathic having the behaviors and personality traits of a
psychiatry

noun

noun
noun
adjective

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psychopath
psychotherap
the treatment of psychological disorders
y
overweight (pertaining particularly to children),
pudgy
plump

noun
adjective

puerile

immature, childish

adjective

pugnacious

inclined to quarrel or fight readily

adjective

puissant

powerful, mighty, having authority

adjective

pulchritude

physical beauty

noun

pulmonary

pertaining to, having, or affecting the lungs

adjective

punctilio

a fine point or detail regarding conduct or


procedure

noun

punctilious

strictly attentive to detail

adjective

pundit

a learned person, expert or authority

noun

pungent

sharply affecting the organs of taste or smell

adjective

punitive

concerned with or inflicting punishment

adjective

pupilage

the condition of being a pupil

noun

purgatory
purist

in catholicism, a place where souls are purified


after death
a person who insists on purity in language, style,
etc

noun
adjective

purl

to finish with loops or a looped edging

verb

purloin

to take dishonestly

verb

purport
purveyor
purview

to convey, imply, or profess outwardly, often


verb
falsely
someone who supplies what is needed, especially
noun
food
the range of operation, authority, control, etc

noun

pusillanimous lacking courage

adjective

putative

commonly believed or deemed to be the case

adjective

putrescent

becoming putrid, putrefying

adjective

putrid

rotting, rotten, being in a state of putrefaction

adjective

pyre

a heap of wood or other combustible material

noun

pyromania

an uncontrollable urge to start fires

noun

pyrotechnic

of, or relating to fireworks

adjective

pyx

the small container used to hold the eucharist

noun

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quack

to make a noise like a duck

verb

quackery

the practice of fraudulent medicine

noun

quadrate

square or rectangular

adjective

quadruple

to multiply something by four times

verb

quaff

to drink something with hearty enjoyment,


especially alcohol

verb

quagmire

a swampy, soggy area of ground

noun

quail

to lose heart or courage in difficulty or danger

verb

quaint

having old-fashioned attractiveness or charm

adjective

qualify

to describe something by listing its qualities

verb

qualitative
qualm

distinctions based on some quality rather than on


adjective
quantity
a sickly feeling of being ill at ease, sudden
noun
queasiness

quandary

a state of not knowing what to decide

noun

quarantine

isolation imposed to prevent the spread of disease noun

quarrelsome

argumentative

adjective

quarry

a pit from which stone, slate, etc is obtained

noun

quarter

to divide into four parts

verb

quartet

a music composition in four parts

noun

quarto

a book made up of four leaves, or eight pages

noun

quasi

resembling or having a likeness to something

adjective

quasi-

1 english

adjective

quaver

to shake in a trembling manner

verb

quay

a landing place for boats along the edge of a body


noun
of water

queasy

experiencing or causing nausea or uneasiness

adjective

quell

to suppress or extinguish

verb

querulous

full of complaints

adjective

query

to ask, inquire

verb

quibble

to complain or argue in a trivial or petty manner

verb

quid pro quo

one thing given in return for another

noun

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quiescence

the state of being at rest

noun

quiescent

being at rest

adjective

quietus

a finishing stroke

noun

quintessence a thing that is the most perfect example of its type noun
quintet

(music) a composition in five parts

noun

quirk

something unusual about someone's manner or


style

noun

quite

wholly

adverb

quixotic

extravagantly chivalrous or romantic

adjective

quizzical

odd, comical

adjective

quorum

the number of members of something required to


noun
do business

quotidian

daily

adjective

rabid

irrationally extreme in opinion or practice

adjective

raconteur

a person who is skilled in relating stories and


anecdotes

noun

racy

slightly improper or indelicate

adjective

radiance

warm, cheerful brightness

noun

radiate

to extend, send or spread out from a center

verb

radical

favouring change at the root cause of a matter

adjective

radix
raffish

a number taken as the base of a system of


numbers
mildly or sometimes engagingly disreputable or
nonconformist

noun
adjective

rail

to complain violently (against, about)

verb

raillery

good-natured ridicule, jest or banter

noun

raiment

clothing, garments, dress, material

noun

ramble

to move about aimlessly, or on a winding course

verb

ramification

a related problem or consequence

noun

ramify

to divide or spread out into branches or branchlike


verb
parts

ramose

having branches, branching

adjective

rampant

violent in action or spirit

adjective

rampart

a broad elevation used as fortification around a

noun

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place
rancid

being rank in taste or smell

adjective

rancor

bitter, rankling resentment or ill will

noun

rancorous

full of rancor, bitter, unforgiving

adjective

rankle

to cause irritation or deep bitterness

verb

rant
rapacious

to speak or shout at length in an uncontrollable


anger
given to seizing for plunder or the satisfaction of
greed

verb
adjective

rapacity

the quality of being rapacious, voracity

noun

rapid

describes a process or concept which occurs


quickly

adjective

rapine

the seizure of one's property by force, plunder

noun

rapport

a relationship of mutual trust and respect

noun

rapt

very interested, involved in something, absorbed

adjective

raptorial

preying upon other animals

adjective

rapture

to experience great happiness or excitement

verb

rash

hasty, not careful or considered

adjective

rasp

to scrape or abrade with a rough instrument

verb

ratify

to confirm by expressing consent

verb

ration

a fixed allowance of provisions or food

noun

rationale

the fundamental reason serving to account for


something

noun

raucous

harsh

adjective

ravage

to devastate or destroy something

verb

ravel

to pull apart (especially cloth or a seam), unravel

verb

ravenous

very hungry

adjective

ravine

a deep narrow valley in the earth's surface caused


noun
by water

raze

to demolish, to level to the ground

verb

readily

promptly

adverb

readjust

adjust again

verb

realism

a concern for fact and rejection of the impractical noun

realm

an abstract sphere of influence, real or imagined

noun

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reaper

a machine for cutting standing grain

noun

rearrange

to change the order or arrangement of (one or


more items)

verb

reassure

to restore confidence to

verb

rebellious

defying or resisting some established authority

adjective

rebuff

to refuse, to turn down or shut out

verb

rebuild

to build again

verb

rebuke

to criticise harshly, to reprove

verb

rebut

to refute by evidence or argument

verb

rebuttal

the act of presenting a contrary argument, as in a


noun
debate

recalcitrant

resisting authority or control

adjective

recant

to withdraw or disavow

verb

recapitulate

to summarize or repeat in concise form

verb

recapture

to capture something for a second time

verb

recede

to move back, to move away

verb

receivable

fit for acceptance

adjective

receptacle

a container

noun

receptive

capable of receiving something

adjective

recession

the act or an instance of receding

noun

recessive

going back, receding

adjective

recidivism

repeated or habitual relapse

noun

recidivist

a repeat offender

noun

reciprocal

something which is mutual

adjective

reciprocate

to give or feel in return

verb

reciprocity

a mutual exchange in state or relation

noun

recitation

the act of publicly reciting something previously


memorized

noun

reck

to care for, to heed, to regard, consider

verb

reckless

careless or heedless, headstrong or rash

adjective

reclaim

to demand the return or restoration of something

verb

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as a right
recline

to cause to lean back, to bend back

verb

recluse

a person who lives in seclusion or apart from


society

noun

reclusive

preferring privacy and isolation

adjective

reclusory

the habitation of a recluse, a hermitage

noun

recognizance a form of bail

noun

recoil

to pull back, especially in disgust, horror or


astonishment

verb

recollect

to remember

verb

recompense

to repay

verb

reconcile

to recreate friendly relationships

verb

recondite

dealing with very profound or difficult subject


matter

adjective

reconnaissanc
the act of scouting or exploring to gain information noun
e
reconnoiter

to inspect an area in order to gain information

verb

recount

tell someone about something, give an account of


verb
an event

recoup

to make back, as an investment

verb

recourse

the act of seeking assistance or advice

noun

recreant

disloyal, unfaithful, surrendering allegiance

adjective

recreate

to give new life, energy or encouragement

verb

recrimination a retaliatory accusation

noun

recrudescent breaking out again or into renewed activity

adjective

recruit

to enlist a person for service in one of the armed


forces

verb

rectify

to correct or amend something

verb

rectitude

rightness of principle or conduct

noun

recumbent

lying down

adjective

recuperate

to get better from an illness

verb

recur

to occur again

verb

recure

to cure, heal

verb

recurrent
recusant

occurring or appearing again, especially


repeatedly
refusing to submit

adjective
adjective

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redeem

to recover ownership of something by paying a


sum

verb

redemption

deliverance, rescue

noun

redolence

having a pleasant odour

adjective

redoubtable

that is to be feared

adjective

redound
redress

to contribute (to a specified situation or


consequence)
to put in order again, to set right, to emend, to
revise

verb
verb

reducible

capable of being made smaller

adjective

redundance

the state of being superfluous and unneeded

noun

redundant

superfluous, exceeding what is necessary

adjective

reek

to emanate, as of vapour or perfume

verb

reestablish

to restore to a previously operational state

verb

refer

to direct the attention of

verb

referable

capable of being directed to

adjective

referee
referendum

in sports, an authority who governs the rules of


the game
a general vote by the public on a single political
question

noun
noun

referrer

to direct for information or anything required

noun

refinery

an establishment for processing something

noun

reflectible

capable of being reflected or cast back, reflexible

adjective

reflection

the throwing back of light, heat or sound by a


surface

noun

reflector

something which throws back heat, light or sound noun

reflexible

capable of being reflected, or thrown back

adjective

reform

to put into a new and improved form or condition

verb

reformer

a person devoted to bringing about change

noun

refract

to change direction from entering a different


medium

verb

refractory

hard or impossible to manage

adjective

refrain

to hold back from an impulse to say or do


something

verb

refringent

that refracts, refractive

adjective

refuge

a state of safety, protection or shelter

noun

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refulgent

resplendent, or shining brightly and radiantly

adjective

refurbish

to rebuild or replenish with all new material

verb

refusal

the act of turning something down

noun

refute

to prove (something) to be false or incorrect

verb

regal

of or having to do with royalty

adjective

regale

to entertain lavishly or agreeably

verb

regalia

the decorations or ceremonial clothes of any office


noun
or order

regality

royalty, sovereignty or kingship

noun

regenerate

to construct or create anew

verb

regent

a person with power to rule in the absence of the


sovereign

noun

regicide

the killing of a king

noun

regime

mode of rule or management

noun

regimen
regnant

orderly government, system of order,


administration
reigning, ruling, currently holding power [from
15th c ]

noun
adjective

regress

to move backwards to an earlier stage, to devolve verb

regression

an action of regressing, a return to a previous


state

noun

regretful

full of feelings of regret, indulging in regrets

adjective

regurgitate

to throw up or vomit

verb

rehabilitate

to restore to a condition of good health

verb

reign

to exercise sovereign power, or to rule as a


monarch

verb

reimburse

to repay money spent on one's behalf

verb

rein

a strap by which a rider or driver controls a horse

noun

reinstate

to restore somebody to a former position or rank

verb

reiterate

to say or do (something) for a second time

verb

rejoin

to come again into the company of

verb

rejoinder

an answer to a reply

noun

rejuvenate

to make young again

verb

relapse

to fall back into a former state

verb

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relegate

to send or consign to an inferior position

verb

relent

to become less severe or intense, to become less


hard

verb

relevant

directly related, connected, or pertinent to a topic adjective

reliance

the act of depending on someone or something,


trust

noun

reliant

having dependence on

adjective

relic

a surviving memorial of something from the past

noun

relinquish

to renounce or surrender

verb

reliquary

a container to hold or display religious relics

noun

relish

liking or enjoyment of the taste of something

verb

reluctant

unwilling

adjective

remand

to send back

verb

remediable

capable of being fixed

adjective

remedial

intended to improve one's skill in a specific field

adjective

remembrance a retained memory

noun

reminisce

to recall the past in a private moment

verb

remiss

at fault, failing to fulfill responsibility

adjective

remit

to forgive, pardon

verb

remonstrance a protest

noun

remorse

a feeling of regret or sadness for doing wrong or


sinning

noun

remunerate

to compensate, to pay

verb

renaissance

a rebirth or revival

noun

renascence

a new beginning or rebirth, regeneration

noun

rend

to separate into parts with force or sudden


violence

verb

render

to cause to become

verb

rendezvous

to meet at an agreed time and place

verb

rendition

an interpretation, as of a role or a piece of music

noun

renegade

an outlaw or rebel

noun

renege

to break a promise or commitment, to go back on verb

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one's word
renounce

to give up, resign, surrender

verb

renovate

to restore to good condition

verb

renown

fame, celebrity, wide recognition

noun

renunciation
reorganize

the act of rejecting or renouncing something as


invalid
to organize something again, or in a different
manner

noun
verb

reparable

able to be fixed

adjective

reparation

the making of amends for wrong or injury done

noun

repartee

a quick, witty reply

noun

repast

a meal

noun

repeal

to cancel, invalidate, annul

verb

repel

to drive or force back

verb

repentance

deep sorrow for a past error

noun

repentant

penitent

adjective

repercussion

a consequence or ensuing result of some action

noun

repertory

a presentation in which a company presents


several works

noun

repetition

the act or an instance of doing something again

noun

repine

to be fretful, discontented

verb

replenish

to refill, to renew

verb

replete

full of

adjective

replica

an exact copy

noun

repose

to lay, to set down

verb

repository

a location for storage, often for safety or


preservation

noun

reprehend

to criticize, to reprove

verb

reprehensible blameworthy, deserving of criticism

adjective

repress

to keep under control, or suppress

verb

reprieve

a respite from impending punishment

noun

reprimand

to reprove in a formal or official way

verb

reprisal

act of retaliation

noun

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reproach

to criticize or rebuke someone

verb

reprobate

a wicked person

noun

reproof

the act of rebuking

noun

reprove

to criticize or correct

verb

repudiate

to reject the truth or validity of something, to deny verb

repugnant

distasteful, objectionable

adjective

repulse

to repel or drive back

verb

reputable

having a good reputation, honourable

adjective

repute

to attribute or credit something to something, to


impute

verb

requiem

any musical service for the repose of the dead

noun

requisite

essential, required, indispensable

adjective

requital

a return or reward for service

noun

requite

to return in kind, to repay, to recompense, to


reward

verb

rescind

to repeal, annul, or declare void

verb

reseat

to provide (e g a room) with more, or new, seats

verb

resemblance

similarity

noun

resent

to express or exhibit displeasure or indignation

verb

reservoir

a place where anything is kept in store

noun

residue

whatever remains after something else has been


removed

noun

resignation

a formal statement that one gives up a position

noun

resilient

able to endure tribulation without cracking

adjective

resistant

that which makes resistance or offers opposition

adjective

resolute

firm, unyielding, determined

adjective

resolve

to find a solution to (a problem)

verb

resonance

the prolongation of sound by reflection

noun

resonant

resounding, echoing

adjective

resonate

to vibrate or sound

verb

resource

a source of aid that can be readily drawn upon

noun

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respite

when needed
an interval of relief from something distressing or
noun
trying

resplendent

shining brilliantly

adjective

respondent

a person who makes reply

noun

restitution

reparation made by giving compensation for loss


or damage

noun

restive

impatient under delay, duress, or control

adjective

restorative

capable of renewing health or strength

adjective

restrained

characterized by reserve

adjective

resumption

the act of starting something again

noun

resurgent

rising again

adjective

resurrection

the act of arising from the dead

noun

resuscitate

to restore consciousness, vigor, or life to

verb

retaliate

to do something harmful or negative in revenge

verb

retch

to make an unsuccessful effort to vomit

verb

retention

the act of remembering

noun

reticence

tight-lippedness, discretion, avoidance of saying


too much

noun

reticent

disposed to be silent or not speak freely

adjective

retinue

a group of servants or attendants

noun

retort

to say something sharp or witty in answer to a


remark

verb

retrace

to go back over

verb

retract

to pull back inside

verb

retraction

withdrawal of a statement, opinion, promise, etc

noun

retrench

to cut down or reduce something

verb

retribution

punishment inflicted in the spirit of vengeance

noun

retrieve

to regain or get back something

verb

retroactive

operative with respect to past occurrences

adjective

retrograde

to move backwards, to recede

verb

retrogress

to return to an earlier, simpler or worse condition

verb

retrospect

to look or refer back to, to reflect on

verb

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reunite

to unite again, as after separation

verb

revel

to make merry, to have a gay, lively time

verb

revelation

something disclosed, especially a shocking


disclosure

noun

reverberate

to ring with many echoes

verb

revere

to regard someone or something with great awe or


verb
devotion

reversion

the act of turning something the reverse way

noun

revert

to turn back, or to the contrary, to reverse

verb

revile

to attack (someone) with abusive language

verb

revisal

the act of revising, a revision

noun

revise

to look at again, to reflect on

verb

revocation

nullification or withdrawal

noun

revoke

to cancel or invalidate by withdrawing or reversing verb

rhapsodize

to talk with extravagant enthusiasm

verb

rhapsody

an ecstatic expression of feeling or enthusiasm

noun

rhetoric

the art of using language as a means to persuade noun

rhetorician

an expert or student of language

noun

ribald

vulgar or indecent in speech, language, etc

adjective

riddance

the act or fact of clearing away or out

noun

riddled

damaged throughout by numerous perforations or


adjective
holes

ridicule

to criticize or disapprove of scornfully

verb

rife

widespread (especially of unpleasant or harmful


things)

adjective

rift

an opening made by splitting, cleaving, etc

noun

righteousness the quality or state of being just or rightful

noun

rigmarole

complex, obsolete procedures, excess steps or


activity

noun

rigor

strictness, severity or harshness

noun

rigorous

rigidly severe or harsh

adjective

ripplet

a small ripple

noun

risible

causing laughter

adjective

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rivulet

a small brook or stream, a streamlet

noun

robust

strong and healthy

adjective

rogue

a dishonest, knavish person

noun

rondo

music that returns to a main theme throughout


the piece

noun

rookery

a colony of breeding birds or other animals

noun

rotary

capable of turning around on an axis

adjective

rote

routine

adjective

rotund

having a round or spherical shape, circular,


orbicular

adjective

rout

an overwhelming defeat

noun

routine

according to established procedure

adjective

rudimentary

pertaining to first principles, basics

adjective

rudiments

the elements or first principles of a subject

noun

rue

to feel sorrow over

verb

ruffian

a tough, lawless person

noun

rugged

broken into sharp or irregular points, not smooth

adjective

ruminant

any cud-chewing quadruped

adjective

ruminate

to chew cud

verb

rupture

to burst, break through, or split, as under pressure verb

ruse

a trick or artifice

noun

rustic

country-styled or pastoral, rural

adjective

ruth

pity or compassion

noun

saccharin

a white, crystalline powder used as an artificial


sweetener

noun

saccharine

resembling sugar

adjective

sacred
sacrilege

devoted or dedicated to a deity or religious


purpose
misuse or violation of something regarded as
sacred

adjective
noun

sacrosanct

beyond alteration, criticism, or interference

adjective

sadistic

delighting in the pain of others

adjective

saga

any narrative or legend of heroic exploits

noun

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sagacious
sagacity

showing acute mental discernment and keen


practical sense
acuteness of mental discernment and soundness
of judgement

adjective
noun

sage

a profoundly wise person

noun

salacious

lustful or lecherous

adjective

salient

prominent or conspicuous

adjective

saline

containing or resembling salt, salty

adjective

sallow

having a grayish, yellow-green hue

adjective

salubrious

favourable to or promoting health

adjective

salutary

favourable to or promoting health

adjective

salvage

to save from shipwreck, fire, etc

verb

salve

a medical ointment for healing or relieving wounds


noun
and sores

salvo

a successive charge of artillery, bombs, etc

sanctimonious making a hypocritical show of piety

noun
adjective

sanction

authoritative permission or approval for an action noun

sanctity

holiness of life or disposition, saintliness

noun

sangfroid

self-possession or imperturbability especially


under strain

noun

sanguinary

accompanied by bloodshed

adjective

sanguine

cheerfully optimistic

adjective

sapid

tasty, flavoursome or savoury

adjective

sapient
saponaceous

possessing wisdom and discernment, wise,


learned
resembling soap, having the qualities of soap,
soapy

adjective
adjective

sarcasm

harsh or bitter derision or irony

noun

sarcophagus

a stone coffin, often inscribed or decorated with


sculpture

noun

sardonic

characterised by bitter or scornful derision

adjective

sartorial

pertaining to tailors and their trade

adjective

satiate

to fill to satisfaction, to satisfy

verb

satire

the use of irony,or sarcasm in exposing folly, vice

noun

saturate

to become completely penetrated, soaked

verb

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saturnalian

relating to unrestrained revelry

adjective

saturnine

sluggish in temperament, gloomy, taciturn

adjective

satyr

a woodland deity represented as half-man, halfhorse

noun

savage

fierce, ferocious or cruel

noun

savant

a person of profound or extensive learning

noun

savor

to enjoy something with unhurried appreciation

verb

savory

tasty, attractive to the palate

adjective

scabbard

the sheath of a sword

noun

scarcity

insufficiency or shortness of supply

noun

scathing

bitterly severe

adjective

schism

division, especially into mutually opposed parties

noun

scholarly

concerned with academic learning and research

adjective

scintilla

a small spark or flash, a trace

noun

scintillating

animated, vivacious, effervescent

adjective

scoff

to jeer, laugh at with contempt and derision

verb

scope

to perform a cursory investigation, as to scope out verb

scorn

to feel or display contempt or disdain for


something

verb

scotch

to cut or score

verb

scoundrel

one without honor, a villain

noun

scourge

to punish or criticize somebody severely

noun

scribble

to write or draw carelessly and in a hurry

verb

scribe

person who made copies of manuscripts before


printing

noun

scriptural

in accordance with sacred writings

adjective

scruple

a moral standard that inhibits certain actions

noun

scrupulous

showing a strict regard for what one considers


right

adjective

scrutinize

to examine something with great care

verb

scurrilous

given to vulgar verbal abuse, foul-mouthed

adjective

scurvy

a disease caused by a diet lacking in vitamin c

noun

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scuttle
scythe
sance
sear

to sink a boat deliberately by making openings in


the bottom
a long, curved blade used for cutting grass and
grain
meeting where a mystic tries to communicate with
the dead
to char the surface of something with a hot
instrument

verb
noun
noun
verb

sebaceous

of or relating to tallow or fat,

secant

a straight line that intersects a curve at 2 or more


noun
points

secede

to withdraw formally from an alliance

verb

seclude

to shut off or keep apart, as from company,


society, etc

verb

seclusion

solitude

noun

secular

not specifically religious

adjective

sedate

to tranquilize by giving a sedative, to induce sleep verb

sedentary

not moving, relatively still, staying in the vicinity

adjective

sediment

particles that settle to the bottom of a liquid

noun

sedition
seduce

incitement of discontent or rebellion against


movement
to entice someone to engage in a sexual
relationship

adjective

noun
verb

sedulous

diligent in application or attention

adjective

seer

a person who prophesies future events

noun

seethe

to be in a state of agitation or excitement

verb

seignior
seismograph

a feudal lord, nobleman who held his lands by


feudal grant
instrument for measuring the vibrations of
earthquakes

noun
noun

seize

to deliberately take hold of, to grab or capture

verb

semaphore

an apparatus for conveying information by visual


signals

noun

semblance

likeness, similarity, the quality of being similar

noun

semiannual

occurring twice a year, half-yearly, biannual

adjective

semiconscious neither fully conscious nor unconscious

adjective

seminal

having possibilities of future development

adjective

seminar

a small group of students engaged in study

noun

seminary

a theological school to train rabbis, priests, or

noun

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ministers
senile

decline in mental or physical health due to old age adjective

sensation

perception or awareness of stimuli

noun

sensibility

the ability to sense, feel or perceive

noun

sensorium

the sensory part of the brain

noun

sensory

pertaining to the senses

adjective

sensual

inducing pleasurable and/or erotic sensations

adjective

sensuous

appealing to the senses, or to sensual gratification adjective

sentence

to declare a sentence on a convicted person

verb

sentient

conscious or aware

adjective

sentinel

a person or thing that watches or guards

noun

separatist

an advocate of religious or political separation

adjective

septennial

lasting or continuing seven years

adjective

sepulcher

a tomb, grave or burial place

noun

sepulchral

serving as a tomb

adjective

sequacious

following with smooth or logical regularity

adjective

sequence

to arrange in an order

verb

sequent

that comes after in time or order, subsequent

adjective

sequester

to separate from all external influence

verb

sequestrate

to sequester

verb

seraphic

of or relating to a seraph or the seraphim

adjective

serendipity

an aptitude for making desirable discoveries by


accident

noun

serene

calm, peaceful, tranquil

adjective

sergeant

an army officer above the rank of corporal

noun

sergeant-atarms
sergeantmajor

a person charged with keeping order at a meeting noun


officer serving as chief administrative assistant in
noun
a unit

serrated

having a notched edge or sawlike teeth

adjective

servile

slavishly submissive, fawning

adjective

servitude

slavery or bondage of any kind

noun

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sever

to cut free

verb

severance

a breaking off

noun

severely

harshly

noun

sextet

any group or set of six

noun

sextuple

having six parts

adjective

shackle

a ring of iron used to secure the wrist or ankle

noun

shambles

any scene of destruction

noun

shambolic

chaotic, disorganised

adjective

sheer

transparently thin

noun

shibboleth

a peculiarity that distinguishes a class of people

noun

shiftless

lazy, unmotivated

adjective

shoal

a place where a body of water is shallow

noun

shrewd

showing clever resourcefulness in practical


matters

adjective

shriek

to utter a loud, sharp, shrill sound or cry

verb

shrinkage

the act of shrinking

noun

shrivel

to collapse inward, to crumble

verb

shroud

a cloth in which a corpse is wrapped for burial

noun

shunt

to turn away or aside

verb

sibilant

characterized by a hissing sound such as the "s" in


adjective
sash

sibilate

to hiss

sic

written parenthetically to show something quoted


verb
verbatim

sidelong

directed to the side, sideways

adjective

sidereal

determined by or from the stars

adjective

siege

to attack a fortified place to isolate it from help

noun

signatory

having signed a document

adjective

signification

an exact meaning or sense

noun

simile
similitude

figure of speech in which 2 unlike things are


compared
likeness, resemblance

verb

noun
noun

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simulate

to model or replicate the appearance or properties


verb
of

simultaneous occurring or transpiring at the same time

adjective

sinecure

a job that requires no work but still gives an ample


noun
payment

singe

to burn slightly

verb

sinister

threatening or portending evil, harm or trouble

adjective

sinuosity

a curve, bend or turn

noun

sinuous

having many curves, bends or turns

adjective

sinus
sirocco

a cavity in any organ or tissue, i.e. the nasal


passage
a hot, dry wind blowing from N. Africa into
southern Europe

noun
noun

skeptic

a person who questions the validity of something

noun

skeptical

having, or expressing doubt, questioning

adjective

skiff

a small flat-bottomed open boat

noun

skirmish

to engage in a minor battle or dispute

verb

skulk

to move in a stealthy manner

verb

slake

to allay thirst, desire, etc, by satisfying it

verb

slander

defamation

noun

slapdash

done hastily, haphazard, careless

adjective

sleazy

marked by low quality, inferior, inadequate

adjective

sleight

cunning, craft, artful practice

noun

slight

very small in size, degree, amount, or importance verb

slipshod

done poorly or too quickly, slapdash

adjective

sloth

laziness, slowness in the mindset

noun

slough

to shed (skin)

verb

slovenly

having an untidy appearance, unkempt

adjective

sluggard

a person who is lazy, stupid, or idle by habit

noun

smelt

to fuse or melt ore in order to separate the metal


contained

verb

smorgasbord a buffet

noun

smug

adjective

irritatingly pleased with oneself, self-satisfied

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snide

derogatory in a nasty, insinuating manner

adjective

sobriety

the quality or state of being sober

noun

sociable
socialist

inclined to associate with or be in the company of


adjective
others
of, promoting, practicing, or characteristic of
adjective
socialism

sodden

soaked with liquid or moisture

adjective

sojourn

to reside somewhere temporarily

verb

sol

the fifth step in the solfge scale of c

noun

solace

comfort in sorrow, misfortune or trouble

noun

solder

an alloy applied between metal objects to unite


them

noun

solecism

a nonstandard or ungrammatical usage

noun

solemn

deeply serious and somber

adjective

solicit

to persistently try to get something or bring about


verb
an event

solicitude

anxiety or concern

soliloquy
solipsistic

speech by a person talking to himself,


disregarding others
of the theory that only the self can be proved to
exist

noun
noun
adjective

solstice

either the shortest or longest day of the year

noun

solubility

the quality or property of being soluble

noun

soluble

capable of being dissolved or liquefied

noun

solvent

a substance that dissolves another to form a


solution

noun

somatic

part of, or relating to the body of an organism

adjective

somber

dark and dull in colour or things in respect to


colour

adjective

somnambulist a person who walks about in his or her sleep

noun

somniferous

causing or inducing sleep, normally with harmful


overtones

adjective

somnolent

drowsy or sleepy

adjective

sonata
sonnet

musical piece for 1 or more instruments in 3-4


movements
a fixed verse form of 14 lines usually in iambic
pentameter

noun
noun

sonorous

capable of giving out a deep, resonant sound

adjective

soothsayer

a person who professes or foretell events

noun

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sophism

any false argument

noun

sophistical

fallacious

adjective

sophisticate

make worldly-wise

verb

sophistry

a superficially plausible, but false method of


reasoning

noun

sophomoric

of, relating to, or characteristic of a sophomore

adjective

soporific

causing or tending to cause sleep

adjective

soprano

the highest singing voice in women and boys

noun

sorcery

magic done with the help of evil spirits

noun

sordid

dirty or squalid

adjective

souvenir

an item to remember an event or location

noun

sovereign

a monarch

noun

sparse

having widely spaced intervals

adjective

spartan

austere, frugal or characterized by self-denial

adjective

spasmodic

sudden but brief

adjective

spate

a sudden outpouring

noun

spawn

to produce or deposit (eggs) in water

verb

specimen

an individual instance that represents a class, an


example

noun

specious

apparently good or right though lacking real merit adjective

speckled

marked with dots

adjective

spectator

one who observes an event, an observer

noun

specter

a ghostly apparition

noun

spectrum

a broad range of varied but related ideas or


objects

noun

speculate

to think, meditate or reflect on a subject

verb

speculator

one who speculates

noun

spelunker

one who explores caves, one who spelunks

noun

spendthrift

a person who spends money extravagantly or


wastefully

noun

sphericity

the quality of being spherical

noun

spheroid

a solid geometrical figure similar in shape to a

noun

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spherometer

sphere
an instrument for measuring the curvature of
surfaces

noun

spinous

thorny, as a plant

adjective

spinster

a woman still unmarried beyond the usual age of


marriage

noun

splenetic

irritable

adjective

spontaneous

coming from natural impulse

adjective

sporadic

appearing or happening at irregular intervals

adjective

sprightly

animated, vivacious, or gay, lively

adjective

spurious

not genuine

adjective

spurn

to reject disdainfully, contemn, scorn

verb

squabble

to participate in a minor fight or argument

verb

squalid

foul and repulsive from lack of care or cleanliness adjective

squalor

filth and misery

noun

squander

to waste, lavish, splurge

verb

squatter
squeamish

one who occupies a building or land without


permission
easily bothered or upset, tending to be nauseous
or nervous

noun
adjective

staccato

shortened and detached when played or sung

adjective

stagnant

lacking freshness, motion, progress, or change

adjective

stagnate

to cease motion, activity, or progress

verb

stagnation

inactivity

noun

stagy

theatrical

adjective

staid

of settled or sedate character, not flighty

adjective

stallion

an uncastrated male horse

noun

stalwart

firmly built

adjective

stamina

the energy for continuing to do something for a


long time

noun

stanch

to stop the flow of

verb

stanchion

an upright bar or beam used as support in a


window or stall

noun

stanza

a unit of a poem, equivalent to a verse

noun

stark

sheer, utter, downright or complete

adjective

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statecraft

the art of government and diplomacy

noun

stately

of people: regal, dignified, worthy of respect

adjective

static

characterised by a fixed or stationary position

adjective

statics

branch of mechanics dealing w/ forces in static


equilibrium

noun

stationary

standing still, not moving

adjective

statistician

a person who compiles, interprets, or studies


statistics

noun

statuesque

like a statue

adjective

statuette

a small statue

noun

stature

a person or animal's natural height when standing


noun
upright

statute

written law, as laid down by the legislature

noun

staunch

to stop the flow of (blood)

verb

steadfast

fixed or unchanging, steady

adjective

stealth

secret or clandestine procedure

noun

stellar

of, pertaining to, or characteristic of stars

adjective

stentorian

very loud or powerful in sound

adjective

steppe

the grasslands of eastern europe and asia

noun

stereotype

a simplified and standardised conception held by a


noun
group

sterling

(of silver) having the standard fineness 0 925

stevedore

firm or individual engaged in loading or unloading


noun
a vessel

stifle

to quell, crush or end by force

verb

stigma

a mark of disgrace or infamy

noun

stigmatize

to characterize as disgraceful, to mark with a


stigma

verb

stiletto

a short dagger with a thick blade

noun

stimulate

to encourage into action

verb

stimulus

anything that may have an impact or influence on


noun
a system

stingy

reluctant to give or spend

adjective

stint

a period of time spent doing something

noun

stipend

a fixed payment, generally small

noun

adjective

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stipulate

to require (something) as a condition of a contract verb

stoic

unaffected, indifferent, restrained

stoicism

(school of philosophy) logic reflects cosmic reason noun

stoke

to stir up and feed, especially, a fire or furnace

verb

stolid

unemotional

adjective

strait

a narrow passage of water connecting 2 large


bodies of water

noun

strait-laced

excessively strict in conduct or morality

adjective

stratagem

a deceptive tactic designed to gain the upper


hand

noun

stratum

one of several parallel horizontal layers of materia noun

streamlet

a small stream

noun

strenuous

characterised by vigorous exertion

adjective

striated

having parallel lines or grooves on the surface

adjective

stricture

a rule restricting behaviour or action

noun

stridency

the quality of being loud or making a harsh sound noun

strident

loud, shrill, piercing, high-pitched, rough-sounding adjective

stringent

rigorously binding or exacting

adjective

stripling

a youth just passing from boyhood to manhood

noun

strut

to walk with a vain, pompous bearing

verb

studious

given to thought, contemplative

adjective

stultify

to make, or cause to appear, foolish or ridiculous

verb

stupefy

to dull capacity to think, thereby reducing


responsiveness

verb

stupendous

astonishingly great or large, huge, enormous

adjective

stupor

a state of reduced consciousness or sensibility

noun

stymie

to hinder, block or thwart

verb

suasion

the act of urging or influencing, persuasion

noun

suave

charming, confident and elegant

adjective

subacid

somewhat acidic

adjective

subaquatic

located or living under water, submarine

adjective

adjective

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subconscious

the mental processes of which the individual is not


noun
aware

subdue

to overcome, quieten, or bring under control

verb

subjacent

lying beneath or at a lower level, underlying

adjective

subjection

bringing something under the control of something


noun
else

subjugate

to forcibly impose obedience or servitude

sublimate

to change from a solid to a gas without becoming


verb
liquid

sublime

elevated or lofty in thought

adjective

subliminal

existing below the threshold of consciousness

adjective

sublingual

beneath the tongue

adjective

submarine
submerge
submersible
submersion
submission

a vessel that can be submerged and navigated


underwater
to sink below the surface of water or another
medium
able to be put under water
the act of sinking until completely covered with
water
the act of yielding to the will or authority of
another

verb

noun
verb
adjective
noun
noun

submissive

meekly obedient or passive

adjective

submittal

the act of submitting

noun

subordinate

to make subservient

verb

subpoena
subsequent

the summoning of witnesses or evidence before a


noun
court
following in time, coming after something else at
adjective
any time

subservience a subordinate place or function

noun

subservient

acting in an inferior capacity

adjective

subside

to sink or fall to the bottom, to settle, as lees

verb

subsist

to survive on a minimum of resources

verb

subsistence

real being, existence

noun

substantiate

to establish by proof or competent evidence

verb

substantive

of the essence or essential element of a thing

adjective

subtend
subterfuge

to extend or stretch underneath or opposite


something
an indirect or deceptive device or stratagem

verb
noun

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subterranean below ground, under the earth, underground

adjective

subtext

the underlying or implicit meaning

noun

subtle

fine or delicate in meaning or intent

adjective

subtrahend
subversion
subversive

a number or quantity to be subtracted from


noun
another
the act of subverting or the condition of being
noun
overthrown
intending to overturn or undermine a government
adjective
or authority

subvert

to overturn from the foundation, to overthrow

verb

successive

following in an uninterrupted sequence

adjective

successor

person that immediately follows another in holding


noun
a title

succinct

brief and to the point

adjective

succor

help, relief, aid

noun

succulent

juicy or lush

adjective

succumb
sufferance

to yield to an overpowering force or overwhelming


verb
desire
endurance, especially patiently, of pain or
noun
adversity

suffice

to be enough or adequate

verb

suffrage

the right to vote, especially in a political election

noun

suffragist
suffuse

advocate of granting the right to vote, especially


noun
to women
to spread through or over something, especially as
verb
a liquid

suggestible

susceptible to influence by suggestion

adjective

sully

to soil, stain or tarnish

verb

sumptuous

magnificent and splendid, suggesting great


expense

adjective

sunder

to separate

verb

superabundan
more than sufficient, excessive
ce

noun

superadd

to add on top of a previous addition

verb

superannuate

to allow to retire from office on a pension because


verb
of age

supercilious

haughtily disdainful or contemptuous

adjective

superficial

shallow, lacking substance

adjective

superfluity

the quality or state of being in excess

noun

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superfluous

in excess of what is required or sufficient

adjective

superintend

to oversee the work of others, to supervise

verb

superlative

exceptionally good, of the highest quality, superb adjective

supernumerar
extra, beyond the standard or prescribed amount
y

adjective

supersede

to replace in power, effectiveness, use, etc

verb

supervene

to take place or occur as something additional or


extraneous

verb

supine

lying on the back, face or front upward

adjective

supplant

to take the place of, to replace, to supersede

verb

supple

bending readily without breaking or becoming


deformed

adjective

supplementar
additional, added to supply what is wanted
y

adjective

suppliant

a petitioner

noun

supplicant

begging, pleading, supplicating

adjective

supplicate

humble oneself before another in making a


request, to beg

verb

supplication

humble prayer, entreaty or petition

noun

supposition

something that is assumed

noun

suppress

to hold in place, to keep low, to prevent


publication

verb

suppressible

capable of being done away with

adjective

suppression

the act or instance of repressing

noun

supramundan situated above the world or above our system,


e
celestial

adjective

surcharge

an additional charge, tax or cost

noun

surety

security against loss or damage, guarantee

noun

surfeit

excessive amount

noun

surfeit

an excessive amount of something

noun

surly

lordly, arrogant, supercilious

adjective

surmise

a conclusion drawn on limited evidence or intuitive


verb
feeling

surmount

to get over, to overcome

verb

surpass

exceed; be greater than

verb

surreptitious

obtained or done by stealth

adjective

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surrogate

to substitute something with something else

verb

surround

to encircle

verb

surveillance

a watch kept over a person

noun

surveyor

a person whose occupation is to survey land or


buildings

noun

susceptibility vulnerability

noun

susceptible

adjective

suspect
suspense

likely to be affected by something

to suppose (something) to be true without


verb
evidence
a state of uncertainty or excitement in awaiting an
noun
outcome

suspicious

questionable

adjective

sustenance

something that provides support or nourishment

noun

svelte

attractively thin, gracefully slender

adjective

swarthy

tawny, dusky, dark

adjective

swathe

to bind with a swathe, band, bandage, or rollers

verb

sybarite

a person devoted to luxury and pleasure

noun

sycophant

self-seeking, servile flatterer

noun

syllabic

of, relating to, or consisting of a syllable or


syllables

adjective

syllabication

the act of dividing something into syllables

noun

syllable

segment of speech: a vowel sound or syllabic


consonant

noun

syllabus

an outline of the contents of a curriculum

noun

sylph

a wood nymph

noun

sylvan

pertaining to the forest, or woodlands

adjective

symbiosis
sympathetic

any interdependent relationship between two


things
of, related to, showing, or characterized by
sympathy

noun
adjective

symphonic

characteristic of a symphony orchestra

symphony

an elaborate instrumental composition, written for


noun
orchestra

symptomatic

(of a disease) showing symptoms

synaeresis
synchronism

adjective

adjective

the contraction of two syllables or two vowels into


noun
one
coincidence in time
noun

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syndicate
syndrome
synergy
synod
synonym
synopsis

a group of people making a joint effort to


undertake a duty
a recognizable pattern of signs, symptoms and/or
behaviours
elements that make an effect greater than the
sum of parts
an ecclesiastic council to consult on church
matters
a word having the same meaning as another in
the language
a brief summary of the major points of a written
work

noun
noun
noun
noun
noun
noun

syntax

a system or orderly arrangement

noun

synthetic

artificial

adjective

systematic

carried out using a planned, ordered procedure

adjective

systemic

pertaining to or affecting a whole system

adjective

tableau

a picturesque grouping of persons or objects

noun

tacit

done or made in silence, implied, but not


expressed

adjective

taciturn

inclined to silence

adjective

tack

a short nail with a flat, broad head

noun

tact
tactician
tactics
tactile
talisman
tangent
tangential

a keen sense of what to say or do to avoid giving


offence
a person skilled in the planning and execution of
tactics
the art of implementing means to achieve
immediate goals
tangible

noun
noun
noun
adjective

an object supposed to possess occult powers,


noun
worn as a charm
touching a curve at a single point but not crossing
adjective
it
digressive or divergent from the topic of
adjective
discussion

tangible

capable of being touched

adjective

tannery

a place where people tan hides to make leather

noun

tantalize

to tease by offering something but keeping it out


of reach

verb

tantamount

to amount to as much, to be equivalent

verb

tapestry

fabric on which a picture is embroidered, for wall


hangings

noun

tarantula

any large, hair spider of the family theraphosidae noun

tardy

late, overdue or delayed

adjective

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tarnish

to oxidize or discolor due to oxidation

verb

taunt

to goad (a person) into responding, often


aggressively

verb

taut

tight, under tension, as in a rope or bow string

adjective

tautological

of, relating to, or using redundant language

adjective

tautology

redundant use of words

noun

tawdry

gaudy

adjective

taxation
taxidermy
technic

the act of imposing taxes and the fact of being


taxed
the art of stuffing the skins of dead animals to be
lifelike
technique

noun
noun
adjective

a petty point coming from a strict interpretation of


noun
details
historical study of art and science in relation to
technography
noun
geography
a method that applies technical knowledge or
technology
noun
tools
technicality

tedious

boring, monotonous, time consuming, wearisome adjective

tedium

the quality or state of being wearisome

noun

teem

to be stocked to overflowing

verb

telepathy
telephony

the capability to communicate directly by psychic


noun
means
sound transmission via the electromagnetic
noun
spectrum

telltale

a person who heedlessly reveals private matters

adjective

temerity

reckless boldness

noun

temper

to moderate or control

verb

temperate

moderate or self-restrained

adjective

temporal

pertaining to time

adjective

temporize

to be indecisive or evasive to gain time

verb

tempt
tempter
tenable
tenacity
tenant

to entice to do something often regarded as


unwise or wrong
someone or something that tempts, especially to
evil
capable of being maintained or justified, wellfounded
the quality or property of being persistent or
stubborn
a person that rents or occupies land

verb
noun
adjective
noun
noun

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tendency

a likelihood of behaving in a particular way

noun

tendentious

having a bias or purpose

adjective

tenet

any principle held as true by members of a group

noun

tenor

the adult male voice between the bass and


countertenor

noun

tentative

unsure

adjective

tenuous

thin or slender in form

adjective

tenure

the holding or possessing of something

verb

tepid

lukewarm, neither warm nor cool

adjective

tercentenary

tricentenntial

adjective

termagant

quarrelsome and scolding or censorious, shrewish adjective

terminal

fatal, resulting in death

adjective

terminate

to finish or end

verb

terminus

the end or final point of something

noun

terrestrial

representing the earth as distinct from other


planets

adjective

terrify

to frighten greatly, to fill with terror

verb

territorial

of, relating to, or restricted to a specific


geographic area

adjective

terse

neatly or effectively concise

adjective

testament

a will, relating to one's personal property

noun

testator

one who dies having made a legally valid will

noun

testimonial

a statement, especially one given under oath,


testimony

noun

testy

easily annoyed, irritable

adjective

tether

a rope or chain by which an animal is tied to a


fixed object

noun

thearchy

the rule or government of a god

noun

theism

belief in the existence of at least one deity

noun

theocracy

government under the control of a religion

noun

theocrasy

interaction, admixture, and conflation of divine


principles

noun

theologian

one who studies theology, especially christian

noun

theological

relating to the nature and will of god as revealed

adjective

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to humans
theology

the field of study and analysis of divine things

noun

theoretical

existing only in theory, hypothetical

adjective

theorist

someone who constructs theories

noun

theorize

to formulate theories about some specific subject verb

therapeutic

of or pertaining to the treating or curing of disease adjective

thereabout

about or near that place or time

adverb

thermal

pertaining to heat or temperature

adjective

thermoelectri pertaining to the relationship between heat and


c
electricity
thermoelectri
electricity generated by heat or temperature
city
thesis

a subject for a composition or essay

adjective
noun
noun

thoroughbred bred from pure stock

adjective

thoroughfare a passage, a way through

noun

thrall

noun

threadbare
threshold

a person who is enslaved by some power


shabby, frayed and worn to an extent that warp
threads show
the bottom-most part of a doorway that one
crosses to enter

adjective
noun

thrive

prosper; flourish

verb

throng

a crowd

noun

thwart

to prevent, to halt, to cause to fail, to foil, to


frustrate

verb

tilth

the act of tilling land for crop

noun

timbre

the quality of a sound independent of its pitch and


noun
volume

timorous

fearful

adjective

tincture

a dye or pigment

noun

tinge

to colour slightly

verb

tipsy

foolish as a result of drinking alcoholic beverages

adjective

tirade

a long, angry or violent speech, a diatribe

noun

tiresome

causing fatigue or boredom, wearisome

adjective

titter

to laugh or giggle in a somewhat subdued manner verb

toady

a flatterer

noun

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toilsome

requiring continuous physical effort, laborious

adjective

tome

a very heavy or learned book

noun

topography

the detailed mapping of the features of a


geological area

noun

torpid

unmoving, dormant or hibernating

adjective

torpor

sluggish activity, inertia

noun

torrid

very hot and dry

adjective

tortious

of, pertaining to, a breach of contract

adjective

tortuous

full of twists, turns or bends

adjective

torturous

of or pertaining to suffering or torture

adjective

totter

to walk, move or stand unsteadily or falteringly

verb

touchstone

a test for the qualities of something

noun

tourniquet

a device for stopping bleeding by compressing a


blood vessel

noun

tractable

easily managed or controlled

adjective

traduce

to slander, or to speak maliciously and falsely of

verb

trait

an identifying characteristic, habit or trend

noun

trajectory

the path of a body as it travels through space

noun

trammel

a restraint

noun

tranquil

peaceful

adjective

transact

to do, carry through, conduct or perform some


action

verb

transalpine

on the other side of the alps (with respect to rome) adjective

transatlantic

on, from the other side of, or crossing the atlantic


adjective
ocean

transcend

to rise above or go beyond

verb

transcontinen
crossing, spanning a continent
tal

adjective

transcribe

to make a written copy of spoken material

verb

transcript

a written, or printed copy

noun

transference

the act of conveying from one place to another

noun

transferrer

a person who, or thing that transfers

noun

transfigure

to transform the outward appearance of

verb

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something
transfuse

to transfer or pass from one to another

verb

transfusion

the transfer of blood from one individual to


another

noun

transgress

to violate a law, command, moral code, etc

verb

transience

the quality of being transient, temporary, brief or


fleeting

noun

transient

passing or disappearing with time, transitory

adjective

transitive

passing over or affecting something else

adjective

transitory

lasting only a short time, temporary

adjective

transliterate
translucent

to change into corresponding characters of


another alphabet
clear enough for light to pass through but not
totally clear

verb
adjective

transmission

the act of sending something forward

noun

transmit

to send something from one person, place or thing


verb
to another

transmute

to change from one form into another

verb

transpire

to occur, happen or take place

verb

transplant

to transfer something from one place to another

verb

transposition a shift in a piece of music from one key to another noun


transverse
trappings

lying or extending crosswise or at right angles to


something
the dress or insignia associated with a position or
status

adjective
noun

traumatic

of, caused by, or causing trauma

adjective

travail

toil, painfully difficult work

noun

traverse

to pass or move over, along or through

verb

travesty

any grotesque likeness or imitation of something

noun

treacherous

traitorous

adjective

treachery

betrayal of trust

noun

treasonable

involving, or constituting treason

adjective

treatise

a formal, usually lengthy, systematic discourse on


noun
a subject

treble

a high or shrill voice or sound

noun

trebly

having treble, or high-pitched, qualities

adjective

tremendous

awe-inspiring, terrific

adjective

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tremor

to shake or quiver excessively and rapidly or


involuntarily

verb

tremulous

trembling, quivering or shaking

adjective

trenchant

caustic, cutting, as language or a person

adjective

trepidation

tremulous fear

noun

trestle

a frame with a horizontal beam supported by a


pair of legs

noun

triad

a grouping of three

noun

tribune

a person who upholds or defends the rights of the


noun
people

trickery

artifice, deception

noun

tricolor

having three colors

adjective

tricycle
trident

vehicle with 1 large front wheel and 2 smaller rear


noun
wheels
a three-pronged spear somewhat resembling a
noun
pitchfork

triennial

happening every three years

adjective

trimness

the state of being well arranged or appearing neat noun

trinity

a group of three people or things

noun

trinket

a small showy ornament or piece of jewelry

noun

triplicate

to make three identical copies of something

verb

triplicity

the state of being triple or threefold

noun

tripod

a three-legged stand or support, as for a camera

noun

trisect

to cut into three pieces

verb

trite

lacking in originality, stale

adjective

triumvir

1 of 3 persons associated in any position of


authority

noun

trivial

of little significance or value

adjective

troubadour

one of a class of medieval lyric poets

noun

trough

a long box used to hold food and water for animals noun

truant

a student who stays away from school without


permission

noun

truckle

to submit or yield tamely

verb

truculent

fierce

adjective

truism

a self-evident or obvious truth

noun

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truncate

to shorten something as if by cutting off part of it

verb

truthful

honest, and always telling the truth

adjective

tryst

an arrangement between lovers to meet

noun

tumult

violent and noisy commotion of a crowd or mob

noun

turbid

not clear because of stirred up sediment, opaque,


adjective
obscured

turgid

swollen

adjective

turmoil

a state of great commotion, confusion or


disturbance

noun

turpitude

vile, shameful or base character

noun

tutelage

the act of guarding or protecting, guardianship

noun

tutelar

serving as a guardian, protective, tutelary

adjective

tutorship

the duty of a tutor, tutelage

noun

twinge

a sudden, sharp pain

noun

typical

capturing the overall sense of a thing

adjective

typify

to embody, exemplify, to represent by an image

verb

typographical pertaining to typography or printing

adjective

typography

the art or practice of setting and arranging type

noun

tyrannical

unjustly cruel, harsh or severe

adjective

tyranny

arbitrary or unrestrained exercise of power

noun

tyro

a learner or beginner

noun

ubiquitous

existing or being everywhere, omnipresent

adjective

ulterior

beyond what is obvious or evident

adjective

ultimate

highest, maximum

adjective

ultimatum

a final, uncompromising demand issued by a party noun

ultramontane

pertaining to the area south of the alps, especially


adjective
italy

ultramundane extraordinary, abnormal

adjective

umbrage

noun

offense, annoyance, displeasure

a mark over a vowel used to indicate a different


vowel sound
unaccountabl inexplicable, unable to account for, or explain
umlaut

noun
adjective

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e
unaffected

lacking pretense or affectation, natural

adjective

unalloyed

not in mixture with other metals, pure

adjective

unanimity

the condition of complete agreement by all parties noun

unanimous

based on complete assent or agreement

adjective

unassailable

secure against attack, impregnable

adjective

unassuming

modest and having no pretensions or ostentation

adjective

unavoidable

impossible to avoid, bound to happen

adjective

unbearable

so unpleasant or painful as to be unendurable

adjective

unbecoming

not flattering, attractive or appropriate

adjective

unbelief

a lack (or rejection) of belief

noun

unbridled

not controlled or restrained

adjective

uncanny

extraordinary

adjective

unconscionabl
unscrupulous, not guided by conscience
e

adjective

unconscious

not awake

adjective

unction

anointing, as a medical treatment or religious rite noun

unctuous

excessively smooth, suave or smug

adjective

undeceive

to free from misconception, deception or error

verb

undercharge

to charge less than the correct amount

verb

underexpose

expose (film or an image) for too short a time

verb

underhanded sneaky

adjective

underlie

to lie in a position directly beneath

verb

underling

a subordinate

noun

underman

insufficiently furnished with men; short-handed

undermine

to attempt to subvert through stealth

underpinning a system of supports beneath a wall

verb
noun

underrate

to underestimate, to make too low a rate or


estimate

verb

underscore

to underline, to mark a line beneath text

verb

undersell

to sell goods for a lower price than a competitor

verb

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understate

to minimise or downplay

verb

underwrite

to write under, especially under other written


matter

verb

undulate

to cause to move in a wavelike motion

verb

undulating

rising and falling like waves

adjective

undulation

a wavelike motion

noun

undulous

undulating

adjective

unduly

excessively

adjective

unequivocal

having only one possible meaning or explanation

adjective

unfavorable

disadvantageous, adverse, unsuitable

adjective

unfeigned

sincere

adjective

unfetter

free from restraint

verb

unflappable

remaining composed and level-headed at all times adjective

unflinching

staying committed despite any difficulty, steadfast adjective

unfounded

having no strong foundation, not based on reasons


adjective
or facts

unfrock

to remove from status as a member of a clergy

verb

ungainly

clumsy, lacking grace

adjective

unguent

therapeutic skin cream with medicinal ingredients noun

unicellular

describing any microorganism that has a single


cell

adjective

unification

the process of unifying or uniting

noun

uniform

identical or consistent

noun

unify

to become one, merge, combine

verb

unilateral

done by one side only

adjective

unimpeachabl
above suspicion, impossible to discredit
e

adjective

uninhibited

adjective

not restrained by social convention or usage

unintelligible not capable of being understood

adjective

unisonant

of a single sound, producing the same sound

adjective

unitarian

a supporter of unity or centralization

noun

univalence

(chemistry) the condition of having a valence of

noun

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one
univocal

having only one meaning

adjective

unkempt

dishevelled, untidy, dirty, not kept up

adjective

unobtrusive

not noticeable or blatant, inconspicuous

adjective

unpalatable

unpleasant to the taste

adjective

unprecedente
never before seen or done, without precedent
d

adjective

unravel

verb

to separate the threads (of)

unregenerate which cannot be transformed in mind and spirit

adjective

unremitting

incessant, never slackening

adjective

unrequited

unanswered, not returned, not reciprocated, not


repaid

adjective

unscathed

not harmed or damaged in any way, untouched

adjective

unscrupulous conscienceless, unprincipled

adjective

unsettle

verb

to make upset or uncomfortable

unsophisticat
without complexity or refinements
ed

adjective

unspeakable

incapable of being spoken or uttered

adjective

untenable

incapable of being defended, as an argument,


thesis, etc

adjective

untimely

at an inopportune time

adjective

untoward

unfavourable or unfortunate

adjective

unutterable

unspeakable, beyond expression

adjective

unwieldy

not readily handled or managed in use or action,


awkward

adjective

unwitting

unintentional

adjective

unwonted

not customary or habitual, unusual, infrequent,


strange

adjective

unyoke

to release something from a yoke or harness

verb

up-keep

the process of properly maintaining something

noun

upbraid

to find fault with or reproach severely

verb

upcast

to cast or throw up, to turn upward

verb

upheaval

strong or violent change or disturbance

noun

upheave

to heave or lift up, raise up or aloft

verb

uppermost

at, or nearest the top of something

adjective

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upright

vertical, erect

adjective

uproarious

in a state of uproar, confused and noisy

adjective

uproot

to tear away from a native place or environment

verb

upshot

the final issue, conclusion or result

noun

upstart

to rise suddenly, to spring

verb

upturn

to turn (something) up or over

verb

urban

related to the (or any) city

adjective

urbane

courteous, polite, refined, and suave

adjective

urbanity

behaviour that is polished, refined, courteous

noun

urchin

a mischievous child

noun

urgency

imperativeness

noun

usage

a customary way of doing something

noun

usually

most of the time

adverb

usurious
usurp
usury

charging illegal rates of interest for the use of


money
to seize power from another, usually by
illegitimate means
the practice of lending money at an exorbitant
interest

adjective
verb
noun

utilitarian

having regard to usefulness rather than beauty

adjective

utility

the state or condition of being useful, usefulness

noun

utmost

of the greatest or highest degree, quantity or the


like

adjective

utopia

an ideal place or state

noun

uxorious

overly devoted or submissive to one's wife

adjective

vacate
vaccinate

to move out of a dwelling, either by choice or by


verb
eviction
treat with a vaccine to produce immunity against a
verb
disease

vacillate

to waver in opinion

verb

vacuity

absent of thought or intelligence

noun

vacuous

empty, without contents

adjective

vacuum

a space entirely devoid of matter

noun

vagabond

wandering from place to place without any settled noun

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home
vagary
vagrant
vainglorious

an erratic notion or action


a person who wanders and has no permanent
home or employment
filled with excessive pride over one's own
achievements

noun
noun
adjective

vainglory

excessive vanity

noun

vale

valley

noun

valediction

a speech made when leaving or parting company

noun

valedictorian

the student who gives the farewell address at


graduation

noun

valedictory

bidding good-bye

adjective

valiant

boldly courageous

adjective

valid

well grounded or justifiable, pertinent

adjective

validate

to confirm

verb

valorous

courageous

adjective

vanguard

the foremost division or the front part of an army

noun

vantage

a position affording some advantage or


commanding view

noun

vapid

lacking or having lost life, sharpness or flavour

adjective

vaporizer

a device with a heating element, used to vaporize


noun
a liquid

variable

able to change

adjective

variant

tending to change or alter

adjective

variegate

to make varied in appearance

verb

variegated

varied in appearance or color

adjective

vassal

a person granted land in exchange for loyalty to a


noun
superior

vaudeville

a theatrical piece of light or amusing character

veer

to change from one course or direction to another verb

vegetal

pertaining to vegetables or other plants

adjective

vegetate

to grow or sprout

verb

vegetative

growing or developing as or like plants

adjective

vehemence

an intense concentration, force or power

noun

vehement

zealous, ardent, impassioned

adjective

noun

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veiled

covered or concealed by a veil

adjective

velocity

rapidity of motion or operation

noun

velvety

like velvet (but not velvet), soft, smooth

adjective

venal

willing to sell one's influence, in return for a bribe adjective

vendetta

any prolonged and bitter feud, rivalry or


contention

noun

vendible

able to be bought, sold, or traded

adjective

vendition

the act of vending or selling, sale

noun

vendor

a person or a company that vends or sells

noun

veneer

a thin layer of wood

noun

venerable

commanding respect because of great age or


dignity

adjective

venerate

to regard or treat with reverence

verb

venereal

sexually transmitted

adjective

vengeance

violent revenge

noun

venial

able to be forgiven or pardoned

adjective

venison

the meat of a deer

noun

venom

poisonous fluid that animals secrete by biting or


stinging

noun

venomous

able to inflict a poisoned bite, sting or wound

adjective

venous

of or pertaining to veins

adjective

ventriloquist

an entertainer who can speak without moving his


lips

noun

venture

to undertake a risky or daring journey

verb

venturesome bold

adjective

veracious

habitually speaking the truth

adjective

veracity

habitual observance of truth in speech

noun

verbatim

corresponding with the original word for word

adjective

verbiage

overabundance of words

noun

verbose

characterised by the use of many or too many


words

adjective

verbosity

superfluity of words

noun

verdant

covered with growing plants or moss

adjective

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verification

evidence that confirms the truth of something

noun

verify

to substantiate or prove the truth of something

verb

verisimilitude the appearance or semblance of truth

noun

veritable

being truly or very much so

adjective

verity

truth, fact or reality

noun

vermin

small animals or insects that harm people,


property, crops

noun

vernacular

of or pertaining to everyday language

adjective

vernal

of or pertaining to spring

adjective

versatile

capable of doing many things competently

adjective

vertex

the highest point of something

noun

vertigo

a dizzying sensation of tilting within stable


surroundings

noun

vespertine

occurring in or related to the evening

adjective

vestige

a mark or trace of something no longer in


evidence

noun

vestigial

of or pertaining to a vestige or remnant

adjective

vestment

a garment, especially an outer garment

noun

veto

the power to reject bills passed by the legislature

noun

vex

to irritate

verb

vexation

the state of being provoked to slight annoyance or


noun
distress

vexatious

causing vexation, annoyance, or trouble

adjective

viable

able to live on its own (as for a newborn)

adjective

vicarious
viceroy

experienced through someone else rather than


first hand
one who governs a place as the representative of
a monarch

adjective
noun

vicissitude

a change or variation in the course of something

noun

vicissitudes

successive, alternating or changing phases of


conditions

noun

vie

to contend for superiority

verb

vigilant

watchful, especially for danger or disorder, alert,


wary

adjective

vignette

a short descriptive piece of literary writing

noun

vigour

energy: forceful exertion

adjective

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vilification
vilify

slanderous or malicious defamation, character


assassination
to say defamatory things about someone or
something

noun
verb

vincible

capable of being defeated or overcome

vindicate

to clear from an accusation, suspicion or criticism verb

vindicatory

tending or serving to vindicate

vindictive

having a tendency to seek revenge when wronged adjective

vinery

vineyard

viol
viola

adjective

adjective

noun

a bowed instrument common in the 16th and 17th


noun
centuries
stringed instrument of the violin family, larger
noun
than violin

violation

a breach of a law, rule or promise

noun

violator

one who infringes upon a rule, another person's


body, etc

noun

violoncello

a large stringed instrument of the violin family

noun

viper

a poisonous snake in the family viperidae

noun

virago

a loud-voice, ill-tempered, scolding woman

adjective

virile

being manly

adjective

virtu

knowledge of the fine arts

noun

virtual

imitated, simulated

adjective

virtuoso

a person who has special knowledge or skill in a


field

noun

virulence

the state of being actively poisonous

noun

virulent

of a disease or disease-causing agent

adjective

visage

countenance, appearance, one's face

noun

visceral

of or relating to the viscerainternal organs of the


adjective
body

viscid

sticky

viscosity
viscount

adjective

property of fluid that resists the force causing it to


noun
flow
a member of the peerage above a baron but below
noun
a count

viscous

sticky, thick as a fluid

adjective

visionary

characterised by fanciful, or unpractical ideas

adjective

vista

a distant view seen through some opening

noun

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vital

relating to, or characteristic of life

adjective

vitiate

to impair the quality of

verb

vitriol

something highly caustic or severe in effect, as


criticism

noun

vitriolic

scathing

adjective

vituperable

liable to, or deserving, vituperation or severe


censure

adjective

vituperate

to criticize in a harsh or abusive manner

verb

vivacious

lively

adjective

vivacity

liveliness

noun

vivify

to bring to life

verb

vivisection

the action of cutting into or dissecting a living


body

noun

vocable

able to be uttered

adjective

vocation

a particular occupation, business or profession,


calling

noun

vociferate

to speak or cry out loudly

verb

vociferous

crying out noisily

adjective

vogue

something in fashion at a particular time

noun

volant

having extended wings as if flying

adjective

volatile

tending or threatening to break out into open


violence

adjective

volition

a conscious choice or decision

noun

voluble

characterised by a ready and continuous flow of


words

adjective

voluminous

of great size or extent

adjective

voluptuous

suggestive of or characterized by full, generous


sensation

adjective

voracious

craving or consuming large quantities of food

adjective

vortex

a whirlwind, moving matter in the form of a spiral noun

votary

a person bound by solemn religious vows, as a


monk or nun

votive

dedicated or given in fulfillment of a vow or pledge adjective

vouchsafe

to grant or give, as by favor, graciousness or


condescension

verb

vulgarity

the quality of being crude or tasteless

noun

vulnerable

capable of or susceptible to being hurt or wounded adjective

noun

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waft

to carry lightly and smoothly through the air or


over water

verb

waggish

roguish in merriment and good humor

adjective

waif

a person, especially a child, who has no home or


friends

noun

waive

to refrain from claiming or insisting on

verb

wallow

to move lazily or heavily

verb

wampum

formerly native american peoples' currency

noun

wane

to decrease in strength, intensity, etc

verb

wanton

deliberate and without motive or provocation

adjective

wantonness

the state of being reckless

noun

warily

in a careful manner

adverb

warlike

hostile and belligerent

adjective

warp

to bend or twist out of shape

verb

warrant

something that gives formal assurance of


something

noun

wary

watchful, being on one's guard against danger

adjective

wastrel

one who wastes time or resources extravagantly

noun

wavelet

a small wave, ripple

noun

waver

to sway back and forth, to totter or reel

verb

waylay

to lie in wait for and attack from ambush

verb

weal

well-being, prosperity or happiness

noun

wean

to accustom a child to food other than mother's


milk

verb

wearisome

tiresome, tedious or causing fatigue

adjective

wee

little, very small

noun

weighty

having weight, heavy, ponderous, as, a weighty


body

adjective

welter

to roll, toss or heave

verb

wheedle

to influence a person by smooth, flattering words


or acts

verb

whelp

to give birth

verb

wherewith

with which

adverb

whet

to sharpen by grinding or friction

verb

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whim

a fanciful impulse, or whimsical idea

noun

whimsical

given to whimsy or fanciful notions

adjective

whine

to utter a complaining cry or sound

verb

wholly

entirely

adverb

wield

to command, rule over, to possess or own

verb

wile

a trick, artifice or stratagem meant to fool, trap or


noun
entice

willful

deliberate, voluntary or intentional

adjective

wily

sly, cunning, full of tricks

adjective

winnow

to remove lighter particles from grain

verb

winsome

sweetly or innocently charming

adjective

wintry

suggestive or characteristic of winter, cold, stormy adjective

wiry

thin, muscular and flexible

adjective

wispy

like a slender, flexible strand or bundle

adjective

wistful

full of yearning or longing

adjective

wither

to shrivel

verb

witling

a person who feigns wit, pretending or aspiring to


noun
be witty

witticism

a witty remark, a quip

noun

witty

amusingly clever in perception and expression

adjective

wizen

to become wrinkled by shrinkage as from age or


illness

verb

wizened

withered, shriveled

adjective

wraith

a ghost or specter

noun

wrangle

to bicker, or quarrel angrily and noisily

verb

wrath

strong or fierce anger

noun

wreak

to inflict, especially if causing harm or injury

verb

wrench

to twist suddenly and forcibly

verb

wrest

to pull or twist violently

verb

wretchedness an unhappy state of mental or physical suffering

noun

writhe

verb

to twist or turn so as to distort, to wring

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wry

produced by a lopsidedness of the facial features

adjective

xenophobia

an unreasonable fear of strangers or foreigners

noun

yearling

an animal that is between one and two years old

noun

yearn

to have earnest or strong desire

verb

yielding

inclined to give in

adjective

yoke

a device for joining together a pair of draft animals noun

zany

ludicrously or incongruously comical

adjective

zeal

eager desire or endeavor

noun

zealot

a fanatic

noun

zealous

ardently devoted or diligent

adjective

zeitgeist

a trend of thought characteristic of a particular


time

noun

zenith

a highest point or state

noun

zephyr

a gentle, mild breeze

noun

zodiac

an astrological system

noun

zodiacal

of or pertaining to the zodiac

adjective

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