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Introduction
Basic design principle
Guidelines for constructing
Types of check dams
Importance of check dams
Advantages
Disadvantages
Check Dams
Introduction
A check dam (also calledgully plug) is a small, temporary or
permanent dam constructed across a drainage ditch, swale, or
channel to lower the speed of concentrated flows for a certain
design range of storm events. A check dam can be built from
wood logs, stone, pea gravel-filled sandbags or bricks and
cement. Reduced runof speed reduces erosion and gully
erosion in the channel and allows sediments and other
pollutants to settle out. Check dams are inexpensive and easy
to install. They may be permanent if designed properly and can
be used where it is not possible to otherwise divert flow and
stabilise the channel. Furthermore, they allow groundwater
recharge . While gully plugs are able to retain soil moisture, to
harvest runof water, sand
dams (which
are
similar
in
appearance) might be the better solution.
Basic Design Principles
The size and shape of a drainage area, as well as the length
and gradient of its slopes, have an efect on the run-of rate
and amount of surface water. Therefore, all topographic
characteristics should be studied in detail before gully-plugging
work begins. There are several designs for how check dams
should be constructed. The kind of gully plug that should be
constructed depends on the local situation (what kind of
material is available, slope gradient, is it a permanent solution,
what tasks are intended). In gully control, temporary structural
measures such as woven-wire, brushwood, logs, loose stone
and boulder check dams are used to facilitate the growth of
permanent vegetative cover. Check dams are constructed
across the gully bed to stop, as already described, channel and
lateral erosion. By reducing the original gradient of
the gully channel, check dams diminish the velocity of water
flow and the erosive power of run-of. Run-of during peak flow
is conveyed safely by check dams. Temporary check dams,
which have a life span of three to eight years, collect and hold
soil and moisture in the bottom of the gully. Tree seedlings, as
well as shrub and grass cuttings planted in gullies, can grow
without being washed away by flowing water. Thus, a
permanent vegetative cover can be established in a short
time .
Log check dams made of logs and posts are placed across
the gully. They can also be built of planks, heavy boards, slabs,
poles or old railroad ties. The main objectives of log check
dams are to hold fine and coarse material carried by flowing
water in the gully, and to stabilise gully heads. They are used to
stabilise incipient, small and branch gullies generally not longer
than 100 metre and withcatchment areas of less than two
hectares. The maximum height of the dam is 1.5 metres from
the ground level. Both its downstream and upstream face
inclination is 25 per cent backwards. Its spillway form is
rectangular. In general, the length and depth of its spillway are
one to two metres and 0.5 to 0.6 metres.
Disadvantages
Reference:
http://www.sswm.info/content/check-dams-gully-plugs
opcgis.deq.state.ms.us/Erosion.../V1_Chap4_4_Runof_Conveya
nce
https://info.water.gov.my/.../324/GuidelineCheckDamsComplete
Set.pdf