ENDOCRINE ASSIGNMENT

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Describe the HPA Axis !

What is POMC ?
In what regions of the body has CRF mRNA being detected?
What are the 2 CRF receptors and where are they distributed?
What peptide is required for normal diurnal pattern of glucocorticoids?
What is the importance of maternally derived glucocorticoids
Jawaban :

1. HPA axis or The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal is a complex set of interactions

between the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland (part of the brain) and the adrenal or
suprarenal glands. The HPA axis helps regulate things such as your temperature,
digestion, immune system, mood, sexuality and energy usage. It's also a major part
of the system that controls your reaction to stress, trauma and injury. Research links
fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome with abnormalities in genes involved in
the HPA axis. (Primarily the hypothalamus in fibromyalgia and primarily the adrenals
in chronic fatigue syndrome.) The HPA axis also is involved in anxiety disorder,
bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, clinical depression, burnout and
irritable bowel syndrome.
2. Proopimelanocortion (POMC) is a precursor with 241 residues. POMC is
synthesized from the 285-amino acid long polypeptide precursor, pre-proopiomelanocortin (pre-POMC), by the removal of a 44-amino acid long signal
peptide sequence during translation. The functions of POMC is Binding of CRF with
CRF R1 on corticotrophs, simulation of POMC mRNA synthesis and ACTH release.
3. CRF mRNA detected in cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, adrenal
glands, testis, ovary, gut, heart, and lungs
4. 2 CRF receptor:
- Mineralocortocoid receptors
Hippocampus and sensory and motor nudei outside the
hypothalamus.Regulation of basal expression of ACTH, CRF and AVP.
- Glucocorticoid receptors
Hypothamic PVN, brainstem catecholaminergic cell groups, amygdala,
hippocampus, pituitary. Termination of the HPA Axis response to stress.
5. Cortisol or hydrocortisone is a steroid hormone, more specifically a glucocorticoid,
produced by the zonafasciculata of the adrenal gland.It is released in response to
stress and a low level of blood glucocorticoids. Its primary functions are to increase
blood sugar through glycogenolysis; suppress the immune system; and aid in fat,
protein and carbohydrate metabolism. It also decreases bone formation. During
pregnancy, increased production of cortisol between weeks 30 and 32 initiates
production of fetal lung surfactant to promote maturation of the lungs. Various
synthetic forms of cortisol are used to treat a variety of diseases.

6. Maternally derived glucocorticoid plays an important role in the metabolism of

carbohydrates, protein and fat, vital organ maturation, immune system and maintain
the bone strength.

Name : Hilda Yuanti Syahra

NIM : 115130100111067
Class : C
Lecturer : Mr. Sasmito Djati