Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Issued: 10/1998
Version: D/28.1.2002
Data subject to change without notice
UE6_
Three-Phase
Underexcitation Protection
Low-Set Stage (UE6Low)
High-Set Stage (UE6High)
Contents
1. Introduction .............................................................................................. 2
1.1
Features.............................................................................................. 2
1.2
Application........................................................................................... 2
1.3
Input description.................................................................................. 4
1.4
2. Description of Operation.......................................................................... 5
2.1
Configuration....................................................................................... 5
2.2
2.3
Operation criteria................................................................................. 6
2.3.1
Underexcitation protection.......................................................... 6
2.3.2
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
Resetting........................................................................................... 11
General ............................................................................................. 12
3.2
Setting values.................................................................................... 13
3.3
3.2.1
Actual settings.......................................................................... 13
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.4
3.3.2
3.3.3
Recorded data.......................................................................... 16
3.3.4
Events ...................................................................................... 19
UE6_
Substation Automation
1.
Introduction
1.1
Features
Single-phase or three-phase protection against underexcitation / loss of excitation
for motors and generators
Definite-time (DT) operation
Underexcitation protection based on the offset-mho characteristic
Two alternative measuring principles: the numerically calculated fundamental
frequency component or the positive-sequence component of the impedance
Possibility for excitation current (EX_CU) monitoring
The operating direction forward or reverse can be selected
Internal undervoltage blocking (< 0.05 x Un) to prevent maloperation during low
voltage
Delayed trip output for the circuit-breaker failure protection (CBFP) function
1.2
Application
This document specifies the functions of the three-phase underexcitation function
blocks UE6Low and UE6High used products based on the RED 500 Platform. The
low-set stage and the high-set stage are identical except for the operate time.
The function blocks UE6Low and UE6High are designed for the single-phase or
three-phase underexcitation protection of motors and generators whenever the DT
(Definite Time) characteristic is appropriate.
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UE6 _
Substation Automation
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UE6_
1.3
1.4
Substation Automation
Input description
Name
U1
Type
Analogue signal (SINT)
Description
Input for measuring voltage U1 (or
U12)
U2
U3
IL1
IL2
IL3
GROUP
RESET
BLOCK
EX_CU
Output description
Name
START
Type
Digital signal (BOOL, active high)
Description
Start signal
TRIP
Trip signal
CBFP
ERR
UE6 _
Substation Automation
2.
Description of Operation
2.1
Configuration
Phase currents can be measured by means of conventional current transformers or
Rogowski coils and voltages by means of voltage transformers or voltage dividers.
The measuring devices and signal types for analogue channels are selected and
configured in a special dialogue box of the Relay Configuration Tool included in the
CAP 505 Tool Box. Digital inputs are configured in the same programming
environment (the number of selectable analogue inputs, digital inputs and digital
outputs depends on the hardware used).
When the analogue channels and digital inputs have been selected and configured in
the dialogue box, the inputs and outputs of the function block can be configured on a
graphic worksheet of the configuration tool. The phase currents IL1, IL2 and IL3 are
connected to the corresponding IL1, IL2 and IL3 inputs of the function block and
correspondingly, the phase-to-earth voltages U1, U2 and U3 are connected to the inputs
U1, U2 and U3 of the function block. If phase-to-phase voltages are used, they are
connected as follows: U12 to the input U1, U23 to U2 and U31 to U3.
It is also possible to use the function block in a single-phase mode if there is only one
phase-to-earth voltage (U1) available. In this case the phase-to-earth voltage U1 and
current IL1 are connected to the corresponding inputs of the function block. If only one
phase-to-phase voltage (U12) is available, it is connected to the input U1 of the
function block. Note, however, that the two currents IL1 and IL2 are required if the
phase-to-phase voltage U12 is used. The following table explains all the allowed
connection configurations and the measuring modes that may be used with the
corresponding configurations.
Measuring mode
Measuring
Minimum requirements
mode number for signal connection1)
Display of the
measuring mode
on the MMI
Not in use
Not in use
UE6_
Substation Automation
Note! The current signals should be connected from the neutral point side of the
generator (symbols IL1, IL2, IL3). The signals IL1b, IL2b and IL3b may be used
instead if, for some reason, the signals need to be connected from the network side.
As a default measuring mode UE6Low and UE6High use either U12&IL1&IL2 (=2)
or U1&IL1 (=1). The default value depends on the signal(s) connected to the voltage
input(s): for phase-to-phase voltage(s) the default value is 2 and for phase-to-earth
voltage(s) 1. If neither of the two measuring modes is possible due to a configuration
error, the measuring mode is set to Not in use (=0), a configuration error event E13
is sent and the ERR output is activated. The measuring mode remains Not in use
until the configuration error is corrected and the correct configuration is downloaded
to the relay.
Digital inputs are connected to the boolean inputs of the function block and in the
same way, the outputs of the function block are connected to the output signals.
2.2
Measuring mode
The function block operates on two alternative measuring principles: the numerically
calculated fundamental frequency components or the positive-sequence values of the
symmetrical components of currents and voltages. The measuring mode can be
selected with either an MMI parameter or a serial communication parameter. In onephase mode, only the fundamental frequency component calculation is possible.
2.3
Operation criteria
When the function block starts, the START signal is set to TRUE. Should the
duration of the underexcitation exceed the set definite operate time, the function block
operates (=the TRIP signal is set to TRUE). The delay of the heavy-duty output relay
is included in the total operate time.
The DT timer is allowed to run only if the BLOCK signal is inactive, i.e. its value is
FALSE. When the blocking signal becomes active, i.e. its value turns to TRUE, the
timer will be stopped (frozen).
2.3.1
Underexcitation protection
Underexcitation protection protects synchronous machines against an unstable
operating curve due to loss of excitation. Partial or total loss of excitation causes a
reactive-power intake from the network to a generator and the reactance of the system
viewed from the machine terminals turns negative. This kind of drop of reactance
condition can be detected by measuring the impedance of the system.
The low-set stage of underexcitation protection (UE6Low) is generally used to
produce a steady-state stability limit for the machine. The wide time setting range of
UE6 _
Substation Automation
the function block allows temporary underexcitation conditions and gives time for
corrective operations.
The high-set stage of underexcitation protection (UE6High) is generally used to
produce a dynamic-state stability limit for the machine. The time setting range of the
function block is more limited than that in the low-set stage. The purpose of the highset stage is to make an immediate trip.
The operation is based on the offset-mho characteristic. The impedance of the system
in any phase can be represented as a phasor in an impedance plane in which the
horizontal coordinate is resistance (R) and the vertical coordinate reactance (X). The
operating curve is a circle in the impedance plane and the circle is parameterized with
the following three setting values: circle offset, circle diameter and circle
displacement (Figure 3). If the calculated impedance value exceeds the setting limits
i.e. the phasor enters the circle in the impedance plane, the relay starts, and if the
impedance stays within the circle including hysteresis, the relay trips after the set
operate time. In three-phase mode the impedance is calculated in every phase (in
fundamental frequency modes) and the lowest impedance value is taken into account.
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Setting values are calculated as follows:
2IIVHWDistance of the top of the circle from the R-axis. This is usually set equal to xd/2 , where xd is the transient reactance of the machine. The sign of the setting value
determines the location of the circle regarding the R-axis. If the sign is negative as
usual, the whole circle lies below the R-axis as in Figure 3.
'LDPHWHUNormally set equal to the generator synchronous reactance xd. Determines
the size of the impedance circle.
'LVSODFHPHQWDisplacement of the center of the circle from the reactance axis or, in
other words, the R -coordinate of the center. The setting can be used to adjust the
UE6_
Substation Automation
sensitivity of the underexcitation protection. If the sign of the setting is positive, the
circle is shifted to the right i.e. closer to the normal operating point. Accordingly, if
the sign is negative, the circle is shifted to the left and moves thus away from the
normal operating point.
Note that the settings are given as per unit (p.u.) values. Usually the machine
manufacturers give the xd and xd values in p.u. but in case there are only ohm values
available, it is necessary to convert them to p.u. values. The base impedance (ZN) is
=1 =
8 12
61
where UN is the rated (phase-to-phase) voltage and SN the rated power of the protected
machine.
The p.u. value of the reactance (Xp.u.) is the ratio of the reactance in ohms (Xohm) to
the base impedance (ZN), that is
; S.X. =
2.3.2
; RKP
=1
2.4
UE6 _
Substation Automation
1
IN
0
START
TRIP
Operate time
Operate
timer
Dropoff1.fh7
Drop-off time
Drop-off
timer
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If the drop-off period is shorter than the set drop-off time and the DT timer time has
elapsed during the drop-off period, the function block will trip once the impedance
enters the circle again (Figure 5).
1
IN
0
START
TRIP
Drop-off time
Operate time
Operate
timer
Dropoff2.fh7
Drop-off
timer
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2.5
Setting groups
Two different groups of setting values, group 1 and group 2, are available for the
function block. Switching between the two groups can be done in the following three
ways:
1 Locally with the control parameter Group selection1) on the MMI
2 Over the communication bus by writing the parameter V41)
3 By means of the input signal GROUP when allowed via the parameter Group
selection (i.e. when V4 = 21)).
1)
The control parameter Active group indicates the setting group valid at a given
time.
9
UE6_
2.6
Substation Automation
Test mode
The digital outputs of the function block can be activated with separate control
parameters for each output either locally via the MMI or externally via the serial
communication. When an output is activated with the test parameter, an event
indicating the test is generated.
The protection functions operate normally while the outputs are tested.
2.7
10
UE6 _
Substation Automation
2.8
Resetting
The TRIP output signal and the registers can be reset either via the RESET input, or
over the serial bus or the local MMI.
The operation indicators, latched trip signal and recorded data can be reset as follows:
Operation
indicators
RESET input of the function block
1)
1)
1)
Latched
trip signal
X
X
2)
2)
2)
Push-button C
2)
Push-buttons C + E (2 s)
Push-buttons C + E (5 s)
2)
2)
X
2)
1)
Recorded
data
X
Resets the latched trip signal and recorded data of this particular function block.
Affects all function blocks.
11
UE6_
Substation Automation
3.
3.1
General
Each function block has a specific channel number for serial communication
parameters and events. The channel for UE6Low is 66 and that for UE6High 67.
The data direction of the parameters defines the use of each parameter as follows:
Data direction
R, R/M
Description
Read only
Write only
R/W
The different event mask parameters (see section Control settings) affect the
visibility of events on the MMI or on serial communication (LON or SPA) as
follows:
Event mask 1 (FxxxV101/102)
LON
LON
LON
For example, if only the events E3, E4 and E5 are to be seen on the MMI of the
relay terminal, the event mask value 56 (8 + 16 + 32) is written to the Event mask
1 parameter (FxxxV101).
In case a function block includes more than 32 events, there are two parameters
instead of e.g. the Event mask 1 parameter: the parameter Event mask 1A
(FxxxV101) covers the events 0...31 and Event mask 1B(FxxxV102) the events
32...63.
12
UE6 _
Substation Automation
3.2
Setting values
3.2.1
Actual settings
Parameter
Code
Values
Unit
Explanation
S1
-10.00...10.00 p.u.
-0.10
Circle diameter
S2
0.01...60.00
p.u.
2.00
Cir.displacem.
S3
-10.00...10.00 p.u.
0.00
Operate time
S4
UE6Low:
0.06...60.00
5.00
Tripping time
1.00
Setting group 1
Parameter
Code
Values
Unit
Default
Data
direction
Explanation
Circle offset
S41
-10.00...10.00 p.u.
-0.10
R/W
Circle diameter
S42
0.01...60.00
p.u.
2.00
R/W
Cir.displacem.
S43
-10.00...10.00 p.u.
0.00
R/W
Operate time
S44
UE6Low:
0.06...60.00
5.00
R/W
Tripping time
UE6High:
0.06...10.00
3.2.3
Data
direction
Circle offset
UE6High:
0.06...10.00
3.2.2
Default
1.00
Setting group 2
Parameter
Code
Values
Unit
Default
Data
direction
Explanation
Circle offset
S71
-10.00...10.00 p.u.
-0.10
R/W
Circle diameter
S72
0.01...60.00
p.u.
2.00
R/W
Cir.displacem.
S73
-10.00...10.00 p.u.
0.00
R/W
Operate time
S74
UE6Low:
0.06...60.00
5.00
R/W
Tripping time
UE6High:
0.06...10.00
1.00
13
UE6_
3.2.4
Substation Automation
Control settings
Parameter
Code
Values
Unit
Default
Data
direction
Explanation
Measuring mode V1
0...6 1)
1 or 2 8)
R/W
Excit.curr.trip
V2
0 or 1 2)
R/W
Drop-off time
V3
0.00...10.00
3.00
R/W
Drop-off time
Group selection V4
0...2 3)
R/W
Active group
V5
0 or 1 4)
R/M
Start pulse
V6
0...1000
ms
R/W
Trip signal
V7
0 or 1 5)
R/W
Trip pulse
V8
40...1000
ms
40
R/W
CBFP time
V9
100...1000
ms
100
R/W
Oper. direction
V10
0 or 1 6)
R/W
Operation direction
Reset registers
V13
1=Reset
Test START
V31
0 or 1 7)
R/W
Testing of START
Test TRIP
V32
0 or 1
7)
R/W
Testing of TRIP
Test CBFP
V33
0 or 1 7)
R/W
Testing of CBFP
Event mask 1
V101
0...12287
8255
R/W
Event mask 2
V103
0... 12287
8255
R/W
Event mask 3
V105
0... 12287
8255
R/W
Event mask 4
V107
0... 12287
8255
R/W
1)
14
Measuring mode
UE6 _
Substation Automation
3.3
Measurement values
3.3.1
Input data
Parameter
3.3.2
Code
Values
Unit Default
Data
direction
Explanation
Impedance Z1
I1
0.00...999.99
p.u.
0.00
R/M
Phase impedance Z1
Impedance Z2
I2
0.00
R/M
Phase impedance Z2
Impedance Z3
I3
0.00
R/M
Phase impedance Z3
Angle A1
I4
-180...180 1)
R/M
Angle A2
I5
-180...180 1)
R/M
Angle A3
I6
-180...180 1)
R/M
Excit.cur.alarm
I7
0 or 1 2)
R/M
Extern. BLOCK
I8
0 or 1 2)
R/M
Intern. BLOCK
I9
0 or 1
2)
R/M
Input GROUP
I10
0 or 1 2)
R/M
Input RESET
I11
0 or 1 2)
R/M
1)
Angle
2)
Input
0 is equal to the positive R-axis, whereas positive values are above the R-axis and
negative values below the R-axis.
0 = Not active; 1 = Active
Output data
Parameter
Code
Values
Unit
Default
Data
direction
Explanation
O1
0 or 11)
R/M
Output TRIP
O2
1)
0 or 1
R/M
Output ERR
O3
0 or 11)
R/M
Output START
1)
Output
15
UE6_
Substation Automation
3.3.3
Recorded data
3.3.3.1
General
The information required for later fault analysis is recorded when the function block
starts or trips.
The data of three last operations (operation 1...3) are recorded and the values of the
most recent operation always replace the data of the oldest operation. The registers
are updated in the following order: Operation 1, Operation 2, Operation 3, Operation
1, Operation 2,...
3.3.3.2
3.3.3.3
Duration
The duration of the start situation is recorded as a percentage of the set operate time.
3.3.3.4
3.3.3.5
Status data
The status data of the EX_CU and BLOCK input signals and the Active group
parameter are recorded at the moment of triggering. The Active group parameter
indicates the setting group valid for the recorded data.
16
UE6 _
Substation Automation
3.3.3.6
Priority
The priority of the recording function is the following:
1 Tripping
2 Starting
3.3.3.7
Recorded data 1
Parameter
Code
Values
Unit
Default
Data
direction
Explanation
Date
V201
YYYY-MM-DD -
R/M
Recording date
Time
V202
hh:mm:ss.mss -
R/M
Recording time
Duration
V203
0.0...100.0
0.0
R/M
Z1
V204
0.00...999.99
p.u.
0.00
R/M
Z2
V205
0.00
R/M
Z3
V206
0.00
R/M
A1
V207
-180...180
R/M
A2
V208
-180...180
R/M
A3
V209
-180...180
R/M
Excit.cur.alarm
V210
0 or 1 1)
R/M
BLOCK
V211
0 or 1
1)
R/M
Active group
V212
0 or 1 2)
R/M
1)
2)
Status
Active group
17
UE6_
3.3.3.8
Substation Automation
Recorded data 2
Parameter
Unit
Default
Data
direction
Explanation
V301
YYYY-MM-DD -
R/M
Recording date
Time
V302
hh:mm:ss.mss -
R/M
Recording time
Duration
V303
0.0...100.0
0.0
R/M
Z1
V304
0.00
R/M
Z2
V305
0.00
R/M
Z3
V306
0.00
R/M
A1
V307
-180...180
R/M
A2
V308
-180...180
R/M
A3
V309
-180...180
R/M
Excit.cur.alarm
V310
0 or 1 1)
R/M
BLOCK
V311
0 or 1
1)
R/M
Active group
V312
0 or 1 2)
R/M
2)
Status
Active group
Recorded data 3
Parameter
Code
Values
Unit
Default
Data
direction
Explanation
Date
V401
YYYY-MM-DD -
R/M
Recording date
Time
V402
hh:mm:ss.mss -
R/M
Recording time
Duration
V403
0.0...100.0
0.0
R/M
Z1
V404
0.00
R/M
Z2
V405
0.00
R/M
Z3
V406
0.00
R/M
A1
V407
-180...180
R/M
A2
V408
-180...180
R/M
A3
V409
-180...180
R/M
Excit.cur.alarm
V410
0 or 1 1)
R/M
BLOCK
V411
0 or 1 1)
R/M
V412
2)
R/M
Active group
1)
2)
18
Values
Date
1)
3.3.3.9
Code
Status
Active group
0 or 1
UE6 _
Substation Automation
3.3.4
Events
Code
Weighting
coefficient
Default
mask
Event reason
Event state
E0
Reset
E1
Activated
E2
Reset
E3
Activated
E4
16
Reset
E5
32
Activated
1)
E6
64
Reset
E7
128
Activated
E8
256
Reset
E9
512
Activated
E10
1024
Off
E11
2048
On
E12
E13
8192
Activated
1)
A loss of excitation event (L.O.E) is sent if the U input is activated. Excitation current monitoring
must also be enabled (see section Excitation current monitoring).
19
UE6_
4.
Substation Automation
Technical Data
Operation accuracies
Start time
internal time
< 62 ms
total time 1)
< 70 ms
Reset time
100...1100 ms
(depends on the minimum pulse width set for the TRIP output)
Reset ratio
Retardation time
< 45 ms
Configuration data
1)
2)
20
Technical revision
Change