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~'IiJ
1 eigyo-ka sales section
eigyo business, trade, sales
oka section (smaller than -bu)
2 heya room
3 ni in, at See 12
4 doa 'door'
5 ga See 12
6 futa-tsu
two See 14
7 ar"u exist
See 12
8 naka (N) inside
9 tsukue desk
10 takusan
(N/Adv) many, much
11 i"ru exist; stay See 12
12 iku-tsu how many; how old (age)
See 14
13 hito-tsu
one See 14
]1-1Ii

"/

"fo-31

;.;tj:

.:::.*

14
15
16
17
18
19
20

21
23
24
25

()9To

Iffo-34

()

9 To

mit-tsu
three
See 14
yot-tsu
four See 14
itsu-tsu
five See 14
zenbu (N/Adv) all, whole
zenbu de in all
jO-go fifteen
jO ten
go five
isu chair
nan-nin how many people
nan- (+Count.)
how many; what
-nin (Count. for persons)
See 14
ima now
22 hito-ri one person
futa-ri two persons
san-nin three persons
yo-nin four persons

26 go-nin five persons

27 hachi-nin eight persons
28 ka-cho section chief
-cM' chief
29 oku the end of a room, inner part
30 ue top; surface; upper part See 13
31 ya and See 15
32 denwa telephone
33 -satsu (Count. for books)
See 14
34 -bon =-hon, -pon (Count. for cylindrical things)
See 14
35 sumi corner (seen from inside)
cf. kado (corner from outside)
36 hon-dana bookshelf
-dana =tana
shelf

3 ft
.o:.......

37
38
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49

yoko (N) beside, by

Ica,enda 'calendar'
39 mado window
soba (N) beside, close by
,aHa
'locker'
keisan-ki calculator,
computer
keisan calculation
-ki machine
-dai (Count. for machines) See 14
ushiro (N) back, rear
to and See 15
man-naka center, middle
man- =ma- at the height/center
of
kokuban blackboard
mae (N) before, front
...zutsu
...each
7'"-7

No. 1-2-]5

Dai

3-ka

Lesson 3
Inside the Room

Heya no Naka
DKokowa eigyo-ka no heya desu.
Konoheya niwa doa ga futa-tsuarimasu.
Heya no naka niwa tsukue ga takusan arimasu.
Hito mo takusan imasu.

n This

is the sales section's room.

There are two doors to this room.

There are many desks in the room.
There are also many people.
f)-How

6-

Tsukue wa iku-tsu arimasu ka?

Hito-tsu, futa-tsu, mit-tsu, yot-tsu, itsu-tsu...zenbu de jO-go arimasu.
Isu mo jO-goarimasu.
-Hito
wa nan-nin imasu ka?
Ima, hito-ri,futa-ri, san-nin, yo-nin,go-nin...hachi-ninimasu.

many desks are there?

One, two, three, four, five

There are fifteen in all.
There are also fifteen chairs.
-How

many people are there?

One, two, three, four, five

IJ -

There are eight persons here now.

Where is the Section Chief's desk?

Jt is in the back of the room.

II-Ka-cho-san

no tsukue wa doko desu ka?

Heya no oku desu. Watashi no tsukue wa kore desu.

Tsukue no ue niwa, hon ya boru-penya denwa ga arimasu.

This is my desko

There are books, ball-point pens, and a telephone on the desko

There are five books and three ball-point pens.
There is a big b~okshelf in the corner of the room.
There is a calendar next to the bookshelf.

Hon wa go-satsu, bOru-penwa san-bon arimasu.

There are also some lockers near the window.

Heya no sumi ni okii hon-danaga arimasu.

Sono yoko ni karendaga arimasu.
Mado no soba ni roHa mo arimasu.
-Keisan-ki wa nan-dai arimasu ka?

-How

many computers are there?

There are three in all.

There is one behind me, one in the middle of the room,

and one in front of that blackboard.

Zenbu de san-dai arimasu. Watashi no ushiroto heya no man-naka to

ano kokubanno mae ni ichi-daizutsu arimasu.

36-1/1

3 ft

ANSWERS <pp. 40,41)

I. (B) 1. (Tokei no migi ni) denwa ga arimasu. 2. (Teburu no ue ni) ringo to tabako ga
arimasu. 3. (Hana wa) terebi no ue ni arimasu. 4. (Hon wa) terebi no shita ni arimasu.
II. (B) 1. (Ki no shita ni) onna no ko ga imasu.
2. (Anata no yoko ni) Tomu to Jan ga
imasu. 3 (Taro wa) jidosha no naka ni imasu. 4. (Neko wa) isu no ue ni imasu. 5. (Tori
wa) ki no ue ni imasu.
IV. 1. Q: Bijutsu-kan wa doko ni arimasu ka? A: (Bijutsu-kan wa) koen no man-naka ni
arimasu. 2. Q: Tosho-kan wa dok o ni arimasu ka? A: (Tosho-kan wa) daigaku no soba ni
arimasu. 3. Q: Anata no kazoku wa dok o ni imasu ka? A: Watashi no kazoku wa Kanado
ni imasu. 4. Q: Byoin wa doko ni arimasu ka? A: (Byoin wa) yubin-kyoku no mae ni
arimasu. 5. Q: Ka-cho-san wa doko ni imasu ka? A: (Ka-cho-san wa) mado no soba ni imasu.
J7

r
14 How to Count Things or Persons (SeeAppendix)

8)($

Japanese has two different sets of Numerals:

12 Existence, Location, and Quantity

N (inanimate)

e.g. Koko ni denwa ga arimasu. 'Here is a telephone.'

Asoko ni gakusei ga imasu.

3
I

5
I

Ma-

rni-

yo(n)-

itsu-

mu-

nana-

'C'

ichi

ni

san

shi

go

roku

shichi

10

ya-

kokono-

hachi ku/kyu

to
ju

'There is a student over there.'

When actually counting things, it is necessary to combine 'C' Numerals (with
a few exceptions) and what are caIIed Counters

objects or abstract N such as books, telephones, problems, causes, etc., while

upon the kind of thing to be counted.

imasu (Dictionary form iru) is used for living beings such as people, dogs, fish,

used are the following:

birds, etc.
When the location or quantity of a particular
pattern

(or Counter-suffixes)

The Counters

depending

that are most commonly

-mai

for thin, fiat objects Iike paper, plates, shirts, etc.

-hon

for long, slender objects like trees, pencils, chalk, etc.

thing or person is the focus

(h is replaced by p after

is used.

-satsu

N wa (Location) (Quantity) arimasu/imasu.

e.g. Anata no tsukue wa doko ni arimasu ka? 'Where is your desk?'

I3

8
I

hito-

something that exists. Arimasu (Dictionary form aru) is used for inanimate

-(Watashi

7
I

'J'

The ParticIe ni is attached to N denoting place and expresses the location of

of the sentence, the following

table below) and the other of Chinese origin ('C' below).

arimasu.
.
ga (Quantity) .
{ Imasu.
{ N (ammate) }

(Location)

one native Japanese ('J' in the

no tsukue wa) koko ni arimasu.

'My desk is here.'

See Appendix.)

for books

-dai

for automobiles,

-hiki

for smaII animals

bicycles,

typewriters,

tape recorders, etc.

-wa

for birds (-pa after 6 and 10, and -ba after 3)

-nin

for people

Exceptions:

Relative Position

I, 6 and 10, and by b after 3.

'one person'=hito-ri;

'two -'=futa-ri;

'four -'=yo-nin

When expressing numbers in the abstract, as in mathematics, the 'c' Numerals

ue
shita

'on/over/above/on

mae

'in front of

ushiro
N no J
) ni
naka
soto
hidari
migi
38-1/131!11

top of

alone

'under/beneath/below

'behind/at

the back of

'in/inside
'outside of
'to the left of
'to the right of

are used.

For things which are not cIearIy

shapeless, the suffix -tsu

is attached

to the 'J'

categorized

Numerals,

or which are

e.g. stones, cups,

boxes, stars, ideas, problems, etc.

N'

15 Noun-conjoining Particles: to and ya

N I to N 2 to N 3
'N I, N2, and N3' (implying

that these three things are

all that there are-'exhaustive')

NI ya N 2 ya N 3

'NI, N2, and N3' (among others-'non-exhaustive')

39

-..............
1

.a~
I.
(A)

ANSWERS--->p.37

(8)

Answer the following questions.

1.

Ki no shita ni dare ga imasu ka?

2. Watashi no yoko ni dare to dare

Practice with the picture.

ga imasu ka?

Locate the things in the picture (CD) as shown in the examples.

I. Tsukue no mae ni isu ga arimasu.

3. Tar6 wa doko ni imasu ka?

2. Tsukue no ue ni denwa ya tokei

4. Nekol8 wa doko ni imasu ka?

ya enpitsu1 ga arimasu. 3. Denwa no

5. Torj19wa doko ni imasu ka?

.....

hidari2 ni tokei ga arimasu. 4. Ringo3

.--.-....--.-----

fII'f.A

fi/J"'.

no migi4 ni tabako ga arimasu.

5. Mado no soba ni terebi5 to teburu6

III.

Practice with the pictures (CD,@).

ga arimasu.

(A)

Practice the following

6. Terebi no shita7 ni kamera ga arimasu.

1. Denwa ga ichi-dai arimasu. 2. Kami20ga ni-mai21arimasu.

sentences.

3. Ki wa zenbu de nan-bon arimasu ka? -Rop-pon arimasu.

(8) Answer the following questions.

4. Inu wa nan-biki22imasu ka? -Ni-hiki imasu.

1. Tokei no migi ni nani8 ga arimasu ka?

(8)

2. Teburuno ue ni nani ga arimasu ka?

3. Hana wa doko ni arimasu ka?

Q: Ringo wa iku-tsu arimasu ka? -A:

(A)

Itsu-tsu arimasu.

IV. Make dialogs as shown in the example.

4. Hon wa doko ni arimasu ka?

II.

Make questions such as the following and answer them.

Ex. Q: (anata no kaisha) Anata no kaisha wa doko ni arimasu ka?

Practice with the picture (@).

A: (in Tokyo) Watashi no kaisha wa T6ky6 ni arimasu.

Locate the people or animals in the picture.

1. Q: (bijutsu-kan)

A: (in the middle of the park23)

1. D6ro9 no soba ni kodomolo ga imasu.

2. Q: (tosho-kan)

A: (beside the university)

2. KiII no shita ni onna no k012ga imasu. 3. Jid6sha no naka ni Tar6 ga

3. Q: (anata no kazoku24)

A: (in Canada)

imasu. 4. Jid6sha no ushiro ni inul3 ga imasu. 5. Okii ki to chiisai ki no

4. Q: (by6in)

A: (in front of the post offic~)

aidal4 ni otokol5 no ko ga imasu. 6. Tomuto Jonl6 no aida ni watashi ga

5. Q: (ka-ch6-san)

A: (by the window)

imasu. 7. Watashi no tonari'7 ni Tomuga imasu.

aB1'ij
I enpitsu
pencil
2 hidari (N) left
4 migi (N) right
5 tereb; 'television'
6 teburu 'table'
7 shita (N) under,
~o-.

3II

3 ringo

beneath

apple

8
10
II
12

nani what
9 dDro road
kodomo child(ren)
ki tree, wood
ko =kodomo
child(ren)
on na no ko girl
13 inu dog
14 aida (N) between

15 otoku man, male (person)

otoko no ko boy
16 Jon 'John'
17 tonari (N) (sitting/standing/living/
placing) next (to...)
18 neko cat
19 tori bird

20 kami paper
21 .mai sheet (Coun!.
for thin, fiat
objects)
See 14
22 -biki = .hiki, .piki (Count. for small
animals)
23 kDen park
24 kazoku family
T-?

No. 1-2~1

.-I
shOshol9 desu.

.~i!

ANATA NO SHUMI WA?

Anata no shumP wa nan desu ka?
-Gorufu2

desu.

Nippon niwa gorufu-j03 ga arimasu ka?

-E, takusan arimasu yo.

Hap-pyaku4 gurai arimasu.
Hoho,5 oi6 desu ne.

Anata wa doko no menbeF desu ka?

-Hakone8

Kantori Kurabu9 desu.

What is your hobby?

-Golf.
Are there any golf
courses in Japan?
-Yes, there are many.
There are about 800.
Really! Thats a lot.
Where are you a member?
-Hakone
Country Club.
About how many yards is
it?
-7,500.
Big, isn't it?
About how many caddies
are there?
-About
150.
They are all good caddies.
Are all of them male
caddies?
-No. Caddies are usually
women in Japan.
By the way, is your hobby golf too?
No, my hobby is stampcollecting.

Nan-ydolO gurai arimasu ka?

-Nana-sen-go-hyaku

11

~1;J
I
2
3
4

desu.

Okii desu ne.

Kyadil2 wa nan-nin gurai imasu ka?
-Hyaku-go-jO-ninI3 gurai desu.
Minal4 ijl5 kyadi desu.

Mina otoko no kyadi desu ka?

-lie,

Nippon dewal6 kyadi wa taitei17

onna desu.

Tokorode,18
anatano shumi ma gorufu
desu ka?
lie, watashi no shumi wa kitte
42-1/1311

no

no imoto no shumi

-Watashi

ma

kitte desu. Uchi niwa kirei-na kitte ya

mezurashij2kitte ga iroiro21 arimasu.
50 desu ka. Tokorode, imoto-san wa
iku-tsu desu ka?

-JO-roku-sai22 desu.

Koko-sei23 desu.

Kore wa imoto no shashin desu.

H024..., kirei-na imoto-san desu ne. . ..
_lya25...

sore hodo26 demo arimasen.

Anata nimo27 imoto-san ga imasu ka?

lie, otOto ga futa-ri imasu.
Watashi-tachi wa san-nin kyodai28desu.
Watashi no tsugi no otOto wa ni-jO-go-

shumi hobby
gorufu 'golf'
gorufu-jo golf course
hap-pyaku 800
-pyaku

= -hyaku,

-byaku

hundred
Hoho I see
o'i many; much
menba 'member'
Hakone (a place name)
kantor; kurabu 'country
c1ub'
10 yado 'yard'
II nana-sen-go-hyaku
7,500
-sen= -zen thousand
12 kyadi 'caddie'
13 hyaku-go-jO-nin 150 persons
14 mina=minna (NfAdv) all
15 ii=yo'i
good
16 de in, at
17 taitei (NfAdv) mostly
5
6
7
8
9

-Stamps are my younger

sister's hobby too.
We have all kinds of
beautirul and rarestamps
at home.
Is that so? By the way,
how old is your younger
sister?
-Sixteen.
She is a high
school student.
This is a picture or my
younger sister.
My, what a pretty sister!
-No, not really.
Do you have a younger
sister too?
No, I have two younger
brothers_
We are three brothers.
My immediately younger
brother is 25 years old.
My youngest brother is
stilI a student.
- What university (is he
going to)?
University of London.
His hobby is music.

18
19
20
21

tokorode
By the way
shOshO (Nv) collection
mezurashi. i rare
iroiro (N/Nal Adv)
variety, several kinds
22 jO-roku-sai 16 years old
-sai age,.. .old
23 koko-sei
high school
student
koko= kotogakko high school
-sei
student
24 Ho I see
25 Iya well, no...
26 ...hodo degree See 104
sore hodo to that
degree
27 ni with See 12, 68
28 kyodai brothers and/or
sisters
29 ni-jO-go-sai 25 years old
30 mada stili See 25
31 ongaku music

sai29 desu.
5hita no ototo wa mada30gakusei desu.
-Doko

no daigaku desu ka?

Rondon Daigakudesu.
Kare no shumi wa ongaku31desu.

7-7'

No. 1-2-13

E]

j; !;l j; T

~KATAKANA}

radio

:7:/:;t
!J;7'/'-

1.

Katakana is now used primarily for writing loan words (except Chinese)

v::1-

F'

and foreign names. Hs orthographical rules are the same as those mentioned on
page 33, except for rule 3.

Long vowels

are expressed by

'news'

::':;1..-7-.

(nyusu)

'coffee'

::1-e.-

(koh;)

'elevator'

=v",,",,-!J-

(erebeta)

added when a foreign word ends in any consonant except n.

'street

7-.r~-r

(s~t~rit(~)

'Christmas'

;7~7,"'7-.

(k~ris~mas~)

(rokka)

'rocket

P7"'Yr

(roketto)

'ballet

/;: v-

(bare)

'volleyball'

;f

- /t..-

:/ :;1..- 7-. juice

;f - /t..---.z/

ball-point pen

fork, folk

'7 1 '/' ,.. '/

white shirt

v -tt/ r

ping-pong

3.

7' v

/~

1 :;t ~

e.' 7 /

piano

T'

/~

Asia
America

31

::1

31"

1
Malaysia

7 :7 / 7-.

France

1 =f" ~ 7-.

England

* - 7-.r :7 ~ 7

department store

Africa

12 'Y /~

Europe

Burma

r;f. '/' 7

7 -1 1) e.' /

r 1 '/
7-.

Indonesia
Philippines

Germany

'7 "'-- T'/

Sweden

::. :;1..
- :/ - :7 /

Australia

7 /t..-~' / 7- /

7 vI::'

(terebi)

.J=\'-,/,::1

Mexico

7" :7 :/ /t..- Brazil

'building'

1::'/t..-

(biru)

.:f::7-.;7'7

Moscow

'7 '/' /

r /

'demonstration'

T'

(demo)

P/r/

London

:;1../

'" /

'strike' (walkout)

7-.

(suto)

/ -",,",,/t..-

Nobel

7" :7 / :/ "'- 12

'/' 3 /

Chopin

'mass communication'

'" 7,::1 ~

(masukomi)

7'-7

Goethe

7':7 r /

r /t..-7-. r 1

New Zealand

Argentina

'television'

ta pe recorder

1::'/t..-'"

India

typewriter

violin

- r

'3 -

Thailand
r

7 7 ~ j]

j] T 31" Canada

Long words are often abbreviated.

guitar

-< v-'/'7

(basu)

=f"!J -

--( /

-- r notebook

31 1 7':7

present, gift

'bus'
'bath'

sandwich

sewing machine

!J 1

(bareb6ru)

r 1 'Y 7-

7 .I ~ j]

P'Yj]-

record, disc

matches

7 :/ 7

are expressed as the same sound in Japanese.

'locker'

1::'- /t..- beer

Some sounds which are different in a foreign language, I and r for example,

E1

taxi

"''Y7-

e.' / ;f- /

Vowels are inserted into consonant clusters and

bread

-tj-/

7'

cannot be transliterated properly.

/~ /

camera

'/'/

Because of the phonetic characters in Japanese, some foreign pronunciations

j].J:7

in katakana.

7-;7

2.

Washington
Munich

Michelangelo

Plato

Tolstoy
'7-7

U-1fi3R
.......

No. 1-2-~5