Biology 241 Lab B

Assignment
Exercise 11 & 14
James Jung (363183)

Exercise 11
Identify each component of the knee joint:
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL): the ligament, located in the center of the knee that controls
rotation and forward movement of the tibia (shin bone).
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL): the ligament, located in the center of the knee that controls
backward movement of the tibia (shin bone).
Medial collateral ligament (MCL): the ligament that gives stability to the inner knee.
Lateral Collateral ligament (LCL): the ligament that gives stability to the outer knee.

Exercise 14

Name
Tensor Fasiae Latae
Quadriceps
Rectus Femoris

Function
Flexes/Abducts thigh

Origin

Extends leg/ flexes thigh

Anterior inferior iliac

spine and ilium above
the acetabulum.

Vastus Laterialis

Extends leg

Greater Trochanter &

Linea Aspera of Femur

Vastus Medialis

Extends leg

Vastus
Intermedius

Extends leg

Intertrochanteric line.
Attached to the medial
lip of linea Aspera of
Femur
Anterior & Lateral
Surface of body of
femur

Sartorius
Illiopseas
Psoas

Iliacus

Insertion
Quadriceps tendon to
base of patella and onto
tibial tuberosity via the
patellar ligament.
Quadriceps tendon to
base of patella and onto
tibial tuberosity via the
patellar ligament.
Quadriceps tendon to
base of patella and onto
tibial tuberosity via the
patellar ligament.
Quadriceps tendon to
base of patella and onto
tibial tuberosity via the
patellar ligament.

Flexes leg + thigh

(rotates + abducts it)
Flexes and laterally
rotates thigh at hip;
flexes vertebral column
(torso)
Flex thigh, rotate thigh
laterally & flex trunk

Bodies and bases of

transverse processes of
L1-L5

Lesser trochanter of
femur.

Iliac fossa of os coxa

Lesser trochanter of
femur

Adductor Group
Pectineus
Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus
Hamstrings
Biceps Femoris
Semitendinosus

Semimembranosu
s

Tibial Anterior

and pelvis on thigh

Adducts thigh
Adducts & flexes thigh
Extends/ laterally
Rotates thigh
Abducts/ medially
rotates thigh
Abducts/ medially
rotates thigh
Flexes leg/ extends thigh
Flexes leg at knee;
medially rotates leg at
knee when knee is
flexed. (it also extends
thigh at hip)
Flexes leg at knee;
medially rotates leg at
knee when knee is
flexed. (it also extends
thigh at hip)
Dorsiflexes foot at
ankle; inverts foot

Gastrocnemious

Plantar flexes foot; (also

flexes the leg at the
knee)

Soleus

Plantar flexes foot

Deltoid

Anterior head: flexes

the arm at the shoulder,
medially rotates the arm
at the shoulder.
Middle head: abducts
the arm at the shoulder
Clavicular head: flexes
the arm at the shoulder
(glenohumeral) joint
Sternal head: extends
the arm at the shoulder

Pectoralis Major

Iliac crest, sacrum,

coccyx
Ilium
Ilium

Greater trochanter of
femur & iliotibial tract
Greater Trochanter of
femur
Greater trochanter of
femur

Ischial tuberosity of os
coxa

Proximal tibia, medial to

tibial tuberosity (part of
pes anserinus)

Ischial tuberosity of os
coxa

Posterior medial condyle

of tibia

Lateral condyle &

superior 2/3 of
anteriolateral surface of
tibia; interosseous
margin

Medial & plantar

surfaces of medial
cuneiform; base of 1st
metatarsal along the
medial & plantar
surfaces.
Posterior calcaneus via
calcaneal tendon.

Medial head: medial

condyle of femur and
area just above condyle.
Lateral head: lateral
condyle of femur and
area just above condyle
Proximal half of
posterior surface of tibia
along soleal line;
proximal 1/3 of posterior
fibula
Anterior head: anterior
surface of the lateral
clavicle
Middle head: acromion
process and spine of the
scapula
Clavicular head: medial
half of the clavicle.
Sternal head: sternum,
upper costal cartilages
(1-6), and the

Posterior calcaneus via

calcaneal tendon

Deltoid tuberosity of the

humerus

Lateral lip of the

intertubercular
(bicipital) groove of the
humerus.
Crest of the greater

Seratus Anterior

Pectoralis Minor

Rectus Abdominus

External Oblique

Internal Oblique

Transverse

External Intercostals

Internal Intercostals

joint from a flexed

position.
Both heads working
together: medially
rotate the arm at the
shoulder join, adduct the
arm at the shoulder joint.
Abduct scapula and
upwardly rotates it while
abducting the arm;
stabilizes scapula by
holding it to chest wall
Draws scapula forward
and downward. It also
elevates ribs if origin &
insertion are reversed
Flexes vertebral column
(or torso); compresses
abdomen
Flexes vertebral column
(draws thorax
downward); rotates
vertebral column (torso);
laterally flexes vertebral
column (torso);
compresses abdomen
Flexes vertebral column
(draw thorax
downward); rotates
vertebral column (torso);
laterally flexes vertebral
column (torso);
compresses abdomen.
Compresses abdomen

aponeurosis of the
external oblique.

tubercle of the humerus .

Anterior surfaces of the

first 8 or 9 ribs.

Anterior surface of
medial border of
scapula.

Anterior surfaces of the

sternal ends of ribs 3-5

Coracoid process of
scapula

Pubic crest and

symphysis pubis

Costal cartilages of ribs

5-7; xiphoid process of
sternum
Anterior iliac crest &
abdominal aponeurosis
to linea alba.

External surfaces of ribs

5-12

Anterior iliac crest,

lateral half of inguinal
ligament, and
thoracolumbar fascia

Costal cartilages of ribs

8-12; abdominal
aponeurosis to linea
alba.

Anterior iliac crest,

lateral half of inguinal
ligament, thoracolumbar
fascia, & cartilages of
ribs 6-12
Inferior border of rib
superior to muscle

Abdominal aponeurosis
to lineal alba, xiphoid
process, & pubic
symphysis.

Aid in quiet and forced

inhalation.
Responsible for the
elevation of the ribs and
bending them more
open, thus expanding the
transverse dimensions of
the thoracic cavity.
Aid in forced expiration. Superior border of rib
Responsible for the
inferior to muscle
depression of the ribs

Superior border of rib

inferior to muscle

Inferior border of rib

superior to muscle.

Diaphragm

and bending them

inward, thus decreasing
the transverse
dimensions of the
thoracic cavity.
Separates the thoracic
cavity containing the
heart and lungs, from the
abdominal cavity and
performs an important
function in respiration:
as the diaphragm
contracts, the volume of
the thoracic cavity
increases and air is
drawn into the lungs.

Antagonistic Muscle Pairs

Antagonistic pairs of muscles are muscle where one move the bone in one direction and the other moves
it back the other way in transmission of nerve impulses to the muscles. That means that it is impossible
to fully stimulate the contraction of two antagonistic muscles at the same time.
Examples
-

Biceps pairs with Triceps

Back pairs with chest

Abs pars with lower back
Shoulders pairs with chest/ back
Quadriceps pairs with Hamstring
Tibialis Anterior (shin) pairs with Calf muscle.

Review Your Knowledge

A. Anatomy Review
5. Latissimus dorsi
6. Serratus Anterior
7. Rectus Abdominis
8. External Oblique
10. Tensor Fasciae Latae
11. Iliacus
12. Psoas Major
13. Pectineus
14. Adductor Longus
15. Sartorius
16. Adductor Magnus
17. Gracilis
18. Vastus Lateralis
19. Rectus Femoris
20. Vastus Medialis
21. Gastrocnemius
22. Soleus

28. Sternocleidomastoid
29. Lavatory Scapula
30. Trapezius
31. Deltoid
32. Pectoralis Major
33. Triceps Brachii
34. Biceps Brachii
35. Brachialis
37. Brachioradialis
40. Tibialis Anterior
43. Sternocleidomastoid
44. Trapezius
45. Delotid
46. Triceps Brachii
50. Gastrocnemius
51. Soleus
52. Calcaneal tendon
57. Infraspinatus
58. Teres minor
59. Teres major
60. Latissimus dorsi
61. External oblique
62. Glueteus Medius
65. Tensor fasciae Latae
66. Gluteus Maximus
67. Iliotibial tract
68. Gracilis
69. Adductor Magnus
70. Semitendinosus
71. Triceps Femoris
72. Semimembranosus
74. Soleus
B. Muscle Function
8. Pectoralis major
9. Deltoid
10. Serratus Anterior
11. Rectus Abdominis
12. External oblique
13. Internal Oblique.
14. Transversus Abdominis
Muscles of the Thigh
30. Gluteus Maximus
31. Vastus Intermedius
32. Vaastus Lateralis
33. Vastus Medialis
34. Sartorius
35. Gracilis
36. Adductor magnus, longus, brevis
37. Gluteus medius
38. Tensor fasciae latae

39. Rectus Femoris

40. Biceps Femoris
41. Semimembranosus
42. Semitendinosus