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Contents
1 Basic Principle................................................................................. 5
1.1 Counter Definition...........................................................................................................................................5
1.1.1 Definition in the Case of No MS Response.......................................................................................5
1.1.2 Definition in the Case of No Available Resources............................................................................5
1.1.3 Definition in the Case of No MS Response or No Available Resources.......................................6
1.2 Theory...............................................................................................................................................................6
2 Signaling Procedure..........................................................................7
2.1 Number of Successful Downlink TBF Establishments..............................................................................7
2.1.1 Description..............................................................................................................................................7
2.1.2 Measurement Point...............................................................................................................................7
2.2 Number of Failed Downlink TBF Establishments.......................................................................................8
2.2.1 Description..............................................................................................................................................8
2.2.2 Measurement Point...............................................................................................................................9
2.3 Number of Downlink TBF Establishment Attempts....................................................................................9
2.3.1 Description..............................................................................................................................................9
2.3.2 Measurement Point...............................................................................................................................9
4 Cases..........................................................................................24
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4.1 Case 1: Low Success Rate of Downlink TBF Establishment Due to Incorrect Frequency-Hopping
Parameter Settings in Czech Republic............................................................................................................24
4.2 Case 2: Low Success Rate of Downlink TBF Establishment Due to No Responses from MSs After
the PCU Is Upgraded.........................................................................................................................................27
5 Problem Feedback........................................................................... 29
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Figures
Figure 2-1 Successful establishment of downlink TBF on the CCCH.................................................10
Figure 2-2 Successful downlink TBF establishment on the PACCH...................................................10
Figure 2-3 Downlink TBF establishment attempts on the CCCH........................................................12
Figure 2-4 Downlink TBF establishment attempts on the PACCH......................................................12
Figure 3-1 Uplink and downlink TBF establishment procedure on the CCCH....................................14
Figure 3-2 Overall analysis process................................................................................................... 15
Figure 4-1 Analysis of the frame error rate of the G-Abis interface is normal.....................................27
Figure 4-2 Downlink packet assignment message.............................................................................27
Figure 4-3 MA Numeber in the downlink packet assignment message..............................................28
Figure 4-4 Frequency-hopping information being null in the SI 13 message......................................29
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Basic Principle
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1.2 Theory
The downlink TBF establishment success rate shows the downlink access
performance and is an important counter for assessing the network. When the
downlink TBF fails to be established, the network side continues to trigger the
establishment of the downlink TBF in a short time because the network side has
some data blocks that are not delivered. Therefore, the downlink TBF establishment
success rate is slightly low in this case, but customer experience is not affected.
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Signaling Procedure
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Network
IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT (CCCH)
POLLING(RRBP)
PACKET Control Acknowledgement
A
2.
Network
Packet downlink assignment
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Network
IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT
(On CCCH)
A
2.
Network
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The procedure for establishing the downlink TBF on the CCCH is as follows:
1.
The RR entity at the network side initiates the downlink TBF establishment by
using the downlink packet assignment procedure. The downlink packet
assignment procedure is triggered by a request from upper layers to transfer a
LLC PDU. Before transferring an LLC PDU, the network side determines
whether the MS is in the Ready state. If the MS is in the Ready state, the
network side transfers an LLC PDU to the BSS. When receiving the LLC PDU,
the BSS delivers an IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT message. If the MS is in the
Standby state, the network side sends a paging message to the BSS. The
network side sends the LLC PDU only after receiving a paging response from
the BSS. The request from upper layers contains the priority, including the RLC
mode, DRX parameter (optional), QoS script file of the IMSI (optional), and MS
radio access capability associated with the packet transfer (optional). For such a
request, the network side determines whether the MS is in packet idle mode or
packet transfer mode. If the MS is in packet idle mode, the network side initiates
the downlink packet assignment procedure on the CCCH. If the MS is in packet
transfer mode, the network side initiates the downlink packet assignment
procedure on the PACCH.
2.
The network side selects an encoding scheme and applies for radio resources
according to the resource occupation in the accessed cell for establishing the
downlink TBF. After the application is approved, the network side assigns radio
resources to the downlink TBF and counts the times the downlink TBF is started
at the network side and at the MS side.
3.
4.
5.
If the network side has the TA value of the MS, the network side directly trasfers
the TA value to the MS by sending a Packet Power Control/Timing Advance
message after the Starting Time of the downlink TBF is reached. If the network
side does not have the TA value, the network side obtains the TA value by
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Before timer T3190 times out, if the MS addresses the downlink RLC radio block
in the assigned channel according to the TFI field and the MS receives the
PACKET POLLING REQUEST message from the network side, the MS sends a
Packet Control Acknowledgement message on the uplink radio block
corresponding to the message and resets timer T3190. Otherwise, the MS
notifies the upper layers of the downlink TBF establishment failure.
7.
The network side obtains the TA value of the MS by using the valid Packet
Control Acknowledgement message received on the reserved uplink RLC
radio block. In this case, the network side regards that the downlink TBF
establishment is successful. Otherwise, the network side initiates the downlink
immediate assignment procedure again.
Figure 7.1 Uplink and downlink TBF establishment procedure on the CCCH
MS
BTS
PCU
LLC PDU
CCCH
IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT
PACKET POLLING REQUEST
PDCH
PACKET CONTROL ACKNOWLEDGMENT
PDCH
This section taske the uplink and downlink TBF establishment on the CCCH as an
example to describe the optimization ideas about identifying the signaling and cells
where problems occur throughout the signaling procedure. In the downlink TBF
establishment procedure, you can identify problematic singaling and cells as follow:
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No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Check whether the
parameter configurations
are correct
Check whether the
importance cells are
correct
Check whether MSs
respond to ASSIGNMENT
and POLLING messages
Yes
No
No
Yes
End
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Generally, the frame error rate is equal to or lower than 10e5, that is, 1/10,000.
This indicates one error frame in a channel every four minutes on average. In
this case, you can infer that the link is of good quality, and the MS can transmit
data in a stable way.
2.
If the frame error rate is lower than 10e-4, the quality of the transmission link is
poor. In this case, one to three error frames occur in a channel every minute on
average. Error frames are unpredictable. Therefore, affected MSs are likely to
experience low transmission rate, long transmission delay, or even
disconnection.
3.
If the frame error rate is higher than 10e-4, the link becomes unstable. Out-ofsynchronization is likely to occur and the rate of out-of-synchronization frame
greatly increases. In this case, MSs may be able to perform data services that
require only a small volume, such as the high-layer signaling and certain WAP
services. Mass data transmission, such as FTP services, becomes difficult.
In actual running, carriers are not able to directly control leased lines, such as
microwave satelites. Therefore, a frame error rate lower than 5/1000 is acceptable. If
you find that a transmission problem has occurred because the frame error rate of a
cell stays high for a long time, check the transmission line and optimize the network.
The following table lists the relavant KPIs.
KPI
Cell-Level
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Cell-Level
Overloaded CCCH
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Cause
BSC-Level
Cell-Level
Equipmen
t faults
Available TCHs
Configured TCHs
TCH Availability
The number of channels configured in a cell is small, and the traffic of packet
services is heavy. As a result, MSs are multiplexed on the channels in the cell to
the maximum degree. In this case, you need to add more static and dynamic
channels. In addition, you need to check the PS-domain channel management
parameters and set PDCH Downlink Multiplex Threshold to 80, that is, the
maximum number of TBFs multiplexed on the downlink is eight.
2.
Description
Setting Principle
Value Range
Maximum
Ratio
Threshold
of PDCHs
in a Cell
PDCH Downlink
Multiplex Threshold
PDCH
Downlink
Multiplex
Threshold
Default value:
50
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Name
Description
Setting Principle
Value Range
can be
accessed. The
value 80
indicates that a
maximum of 8
TBFs can be
accessed.
Level of dynamic
channel preempted by
CS services and PS
services The TCH/Fs are
dynamic channels that
can be preempted. If this
parameter is set to All
dynamic channels can
be pre-empted, it means
that the CS services can
preempt all dynamic
channels; if this
parameter is set to
Control channels cannot
be pre-empted, it means
that the CS services can
preempt any dynamic
channels except the
control channels; if this
parameter is set to
Dynamic channels
carrying services cannot
be pre-empted, it means
that the CS services
cannot preempt the
dynamic channels that
carry services.
Generally, CS services
have the highest
priority. This parameter
must be set to All
dynamic channels can
be pre-empted so that
CS services can
preempt all dynamic
channels.
To ensure data
services, you can set
this parameter to
Control channels
cannot be pre-empted
or Dynamic channels
carrying services
cannot be pre-empted.
Default value:
80.
Value options:
All dynamic
channels can be
preempted,
Control
channels cannot
be preempted
Dynamic
channels
carrying
services cannot
be preempted
Default value:
All dynamic
channels can be
preempted.
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Cause
Cell-Level
Insufficient
resources
Cell-Level
Downlink air
interface quality
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Description
Setting Principle
Value Range
Retry Times of
Downlink TBF
Reassignment
This parameter
specifies the maximum
number of attempts to
resend the
IMMEDIATE
ASSIGNMENT
message. The
message is sent when
the network side fails
to receive a valid
Packet Control
Acknowledgement
message on the
reserved uplink RLC
block in the procedure
for establishing the
downlink TBF. If the
number is exceeded,
the network side
releases the downlink
TBF.
Default value:
2.
Retry Times of
Downlink TBF
Polling
This parameter
specifies the maximum
number of attempts to
resend the POLLING
message in the
procedure for
establishing the
downlink TBF.
Default value:
5.
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Name
Description
Setting Principle
Value Range
Delay for
Downlink
Immediate
Assignment
DRX (block)
Default value:
12.
Default value:
26.
Delay for
Downlink
Immediate
Assignment
Non-DRX
(block)
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Name
Description
Setting Principle
Value Range
to receive the
subsequent downlink
RLC radio blocks
sent from the network
side. Therefore, the
access performance
is degraded.
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Cause
Cell-Level
TRX-Level
Balance
between
uplink
and
downlink
MR Measurement ->
MR Measurement ->
MR Measurement ->
Uplink-and-Downlink Balance
Measurement
TCHF Receive Level
Measurement
TCHH Receive Level
Measurement
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Cases
Troubleshooting
1.
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Figure 1.1 Analysis of the frame error rate of the G-Abis interface is normal
2.
The MSs did not respond to the downlink assignment messages because of incorrect
frequency-hopping information.
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Solution
Frequency-hopping is disabled to prevent this fault. This defect will be rectified in
later versions.
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The difference between C04 and C05 is as follows: The numbers of times that the
PCU resends the IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT message are different. As a result,
during the establishment of the downlink TBF, traffic statistics about no response
from the MS are different.
Solution
Increase the values of innner software parameters Retry Times of Downlink TBF
Establishment and Retry Times of Downlink TBF Polling.
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5
1.
Problem Feedback
Traffic counters
Function Type
Measurement Type
DSP Measurement
Abis interface
measurement
PS Call
Measurement
PTRAU Measurement
PS Channel
Measurement
2.
3.
4.
Data configuration
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